WO2014067852A1 - Organisches optoelektronisches bauelement und verfahren zum betrieb des organischen optoelektronischen bauelements - Google Patents
Organisches optoelektronisches bauelement und verfahren zum betrieb des organischen optoelektronischen bauelements Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014067852A1 WO2014067852A1 PCT/EP2013/072318 EP2013072318W WO2014067852A1 WO 2014067852 A1 WO2014067852 A1 WO 2014067852A1 EP 2013072318 W EP2013072318 W EP 2013072318W WO 2014067852 A1 WO2014067852 A1 WO 2014067852A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- organic light
- organic
- detecting element
- light detecting
- emitting element
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K65/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element and at least one organic radiation-sensitive element, e.g. organic opto-couplers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/60—Circuit arrangements for operating LEDs comprising organic material, e.g. for operating organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
- H10K30/88—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K50/842—Containers
- H10K50/8426—Peripheral sealing arrangements, e.g. adhesives, sealants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K50/844—Encapsulations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/87—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K59/873—Encapsulations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/87—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
- H10K59/871—Self-supporting sealing arrangements
- H10K59/8722—Peripheral sealing arrangements, e.g. adhesives, sealants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- Organic optoelectronic component and method for operating the organic optoelectronic component
- Light sources which corresponds to long-term processes. Changes in the ambient conditions with regard to the lighting, for example, occur when the light incidence through windows in a lighted room at different times of day.
- Area light sources such as an organic light
- OLED organic light emitting diode
- Processing the luminance in the sum decreases with time.
- the decrease in luminance may be due to elevated temperatures that occur during operation and may damage the organic materials.
- the radiated light from the light source In order to keep the luminance constant in the environment of a light source such as a surface light source with time, the radiated light from the light source
- the light source due to a measurement signal of one or more switched externally
- Sensors are controlled, regulated.
- external sensors for example, photodiodes, photoconductors,
- Radiation power can be used at a preselected location, which can be part of a controller of the light source via an external wiring or interconnection.
- a preselected location which can be part of a controller of the light source via an external wiring or interconnection.
- At least one object of certain embodiments is to provide an organic optoelectronic device. At least one more task of certain
- Embodiments are to specify a method for operating an organic optoelectronic component. These tasks are covered by an object and a
- an organic optoelectronic component has at least one organic light-emitting element which has an organic light-emitting element
- the at least one organic light-emitting element is designed as an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), which can emit visible light through at least one of the electrodes during operation.
- OLED organic light-emitting diode
- at least one of the electrodes is transparent.
- transparent refers to a layer which is permeable to visible light, whereby the transparent layer may be transparent or at least partially light-scattering and / or partially absorbing light, so that a layer designated as transparent, for example, also diffuse or milky
- emitting element is as low as possible.
- a transparent electrode may be made of a transparent conductive oxide ("transparent conductive oxide").
- TCO transparent conductive oxide
- graphene graphene
- metallic network structures or have such a material.
- organic functional layer stack is located of the organic light-emitting element, can be reflective
- both electrodes may be transparent.
- the organic light-emitting element may be formed in particular as a transparent OLED.
- the organic optoelectronic component furthermore has at least one organic light detecting element which has at least one organic light detecting layer.
- the at least one organic light detecting element may be configured to convert light incident on the at least one organic light detecting layer into an electrically measurable signal, such as voltage, current or electrical resistance.
- the organic optoelectronic component has a common substrate for the at least one organic light-emitting element and the at least one organic light-detecting element, which are arranged in particular on the common substrate in laterally adjacent surface regions.
- the organic light-emitting element and the organic light-detecting element are further arranged in a same plane by the common arrangement on the same substrate in laterally adjacent surface areas, wherein the organic light-emitting element and the organic light detecting element each directly adjacent to the substrate.
- the common substrate may in particular be the only one
- Substrate of the organic optoelectronic device be.
- the functional layer stacks and the electrodes of the organic light-emitting and light-detecting elements of the organic optoelectronic component are applied successively or simultaneously, in particular on the common substrate, so that the common substrate is the substrate which is the substrate
- the organic light-emitting and light-detecting elements are not formed on their own substrates and then placed on the common substrate, but fabricated on the common substrate.
- no further substrate is arranged between the common substrate and the organic functional layers of the organic light-emitting and light-detecting elements.
- lateral here and in the following denotes a direction parallel to the main extension plane of the common substrate, so that a lateral direction is, for example, perpendicular to the stacking direction of the electrodes and the
- directed organic functional layer stack of at least one organic light-emitting element of at least one organic light-emitting element.
- the at least one organic light detecting element is organic
- the photodiode may have an organic functional layer stack between two electrodes, wherein the organic functional layer stack as the organic light detecting layer of the organic light detecting element has at least one pn junction for generating
- the organic photodiode may have the same structure as the at least one organic light emitting element with respect to the electrodes and the organic functional layer stack
- the organic photodiode may have other materials and / or other layer structures with respect to the electrodes and / or the organic functional layer stack as compared to the organic light emitting element although an additional effort in the production may be required, but also the sensitivity of the at least one organic light detecting element can be specifically adapted.
- the at least one organic light detecting element is organic
- Photoconductor formed and usable with an organic photoconductive material as an organic light-detecting layer, which upon irradiation of light electric
- Organic photoconductive materials may for example be formed in one layer on an electrically conductive layer, for example an electrode. Furthermore, organic photoconductive materials
- At least two layers with at least one organic charge carrier generating layer and an organic charge carrier transporting layer are provided.
- at least two layers with at least one organic charge carrier generating layer and an organic charge carrier transporting layer are provided.
- an organic light detecting element configured as an organic photoconductor may have the same structure as the at least one organic light emitting element.
- organic light detecting element this can also be constructed simultaneously as a photoconductor and photodiode.
- Such an organic light detecting element may be provided with an electrical bias as a photodiode and without
- electrical bias can be used as a photoconductor. Furthermore, depending on the materials used and structure and the electrical resistance of at least one
- the at least one organic light detecting Element can be designed and used as an organic photoresistor.
- Element and the at least one organic light-emitting element have an identical structure. Furthermore, it may also be possible that the organic light detecting element only n- or p-conductive layers or a
- the at least one organic light emitting element and the at least one organic light detecting element are preferably formed electrically separated from each other with respect to their respective electrodes and organic functional layers on the substrate.
- the at least one organic light detecting element covers a surface area on the common substrate, which is spatially separated from the surface area that the
- the at least one organic light-detecting element is smaller than the at least one organic light-emitting element with respect to its area occupation on the common substrate
- the at least one organic Light detecting element on the common substrate cover an area that is less than or equal to ten percent, or less than or equal to five percent, or less than or equal to one percent of the area that is covered by at least one organic light emitting element on the common substrate.
- the at least one organic light detecting element optionally be covered with a plurality of organic light emitting elements, while the at least one organic light detecting element or
- Component in operation has a luminous surface, which may correspond substantially to the total area of the common substrate.
- a method for operating the organic optoelectronic component comprises an electronic component, for example a controllable current and / or voltage source, which measures the light having ambient light detected by the at least one organic light detecting element and which at least an organic light-emitting element in
- Detecting detected light detected element means, in particular, that the electronic component that
- the electronic component so for example a controllable power and / or
- controllable current and / or voltage source can be formed by an electronic component that acts as a hybrid or monolithic electronic circuit
- the common substrate for this purpose at least partially an integrated
- Circuit based on a semiconductor material such as silicon, and / or have printed electronics.
- the electronic component that is to say for example the controllable current and / or voltage source
- the electronic component to be designed as an external electronic component which is connected to the organic optoelectronic component via suitable electrical connections such as conductor tracks and / or wire connections ,
- the at least one organic light-emitting element and the at least one organic light-detecting element separately from one another.
- the at least one organic light-emitting element with an electronic
- Component be connected in the form of a current and / or voltage source, while the at least one organic light detecting element with an electronic component in the form of a current and / or voltage and / or
- Embodiments equally apply to the organic optoelectronic component and to the method for operating the organic optoelectronic component.
- the at least one organic light detecting element which may have, for example, the same layer structure as the at least one organic light emitting element, on a preferably small, separated surface area of the common substrate, in addition to at least in the organic optoelectronic component described here, at least an organic light emitting element, a sensor element can be integrated.
- a sensor element can be integrated.
- an electrically measurable signal such as a photo voltage, a photocurrent or a change in resistance is generated, the higher the higher the incident light intensity is.
- the sum of all incident light sources for example, by internally in the organic
- Optoelectronic component conducted scattered light emitted by the at least one organic light emitting element in operation light are formed by externally reflected light, by light of other light sources and combinations thereof.
- the electrically measurable signal of the at least one organic light detecting element can be further processed in an electronic circuit which can be formed by an external electronic component or which can form a part of the organic optoelectronic component as a monolithic element.
- the organic light-emitting element can be controlled be that the luminosity at the location of at least one organic light detecting element can be kept constant.
- the surface of the at least one organic light detecting element can be adapted so that a sufficiently stable electrical signal can be generated in operation, without instability of the light source, that is, the at least one organic light emitting element caused due to unstable feedback.
- a sufficiently stable electrical signal can be generated in operation, without instability of the light source, that is, the at least one organic light emitting element caused due to unstable feedback.
- the organic optoelectronic component described here it can be advantageously possible to achieve an exact automatic readjustment of the emitted light intensity of the organic light-emitting element without an external sensor, which is particularly the case
- the light emitting diode at the point of origin of the light is independent of
- the at least one organic light detecting element is adapted to detect ambient light.
- ambient light is here and below referred light, which can meet from outside on the at least one organic light detecting element, that is not within the organic Optoelectronic component is passed by internal scattering or light pipe effects of at least one organic light emitting element to at least one organic light detecting element.
- the at least one organic light detecting element may be configured to detect ambient light through the common substrate.
- the common substrate is particularly preferably transparent in this case and may, for example, comprise or be made of glass and / or a transparent plastic.
- the common substrate in the form of a glass plate or glass layer or in the form of a
- Plastic plate, plastic layer or plastic film or in the form of a glass-plastic laminate may be formed with at least one glass layer and at least one plastic layer.
- Ambient light detection through the substrate also formed transparent or has at least one
- the electrode is designed, for example, as a ring contact.
- ring contact any shape of an electrode is here and hereinafter referred to, the one of electrode material in the lateral direction wholly or even partially
- the at least one organic light-detecting element is configured to detect ambient light which is from the side of the organic opposite the substrate
- the common substrate may be transparent, or at least not transparent, at least in the region of the organic light-detecting element
- Encapsulation and / or a cover so this is also transparent in this case.
- the at least one organic light-emitting element is adapted to light on a radiation side of the organic
- Radiating side which designates that side or those sides on which or on which the organic
- the common substrate be formed by the side on which viewed from the at least one organic light-emitting layer of the at least one organic light-emitting element, the common substrate.
- the common substrate is preferably transparent is formed, the at least one organic light emitting element as well as the organic
- Optoelectronic device may be referred to as a so-called bottom emitter. Furthermore, it is also possible for a radiation side, viewed from the at least one organic light-emitting layer, to rest on the side of the organic one opposite the common substrate
- the at least one organic light-emitting element and also the organic optoelectronic component can be designed as a so-called top emitter. If the organic optoelectronic component is simultaneously designed as a bottom emitter and as a top emitter, it may preferably be a transparent organic optoelectronic component having two
- the at least one organic light detecting element is arranged to detect ambient light which is incident on one of a light source
- Radiation side of the organic optoelectronic component different side is irradiated onto the organic optoelectronic component, so that a radiation side of the organic optoelectronic component and a
- the organic optoelectronic component for example, in the direction away from the common substrate, the organic optoelectronic component thus has a top emitter configuration, this means that the at least one organic light detecting element can detect ambient light through the common substrate. If, however, the organic optoelectronic component is designed as a bottom emitter, this means that the at least one Organic light detecting element is adapted to ambient light from the side of the organic optoelectronic device opposite to the substrate
- the organic light-detecting element is configured to detect ambient light which is radiated onto the organic optoelectronic component on the emission side.
- a detection side of the at least one organic light detecting element in this case corresponds to a radiation side of the at least one organic light emitting element.
- the organic optoelectronic component has a plurality of organic light detecting elements.
- a plurality of organic light detecting elements is arranged on the common substrate.
- the plurality of organic light detecting elements and the at least one organic light emitting element are disposed on the same side of the common substrate.
- ambient light can be detected, for example, at different positions of the organic optoelectronic component.
- ambient light can be detected from different sides of the organic optoelectronic component with different organic light detecting elements.
- At least one of the plurality of organic light detecting elements is configured to receive ambient light through the substrate detect while at least one of the plurality of organic light detecting elements is adapted to detect ambient light from the side of the organic optoelectronic device opposite to the substrate.
- organic light detecting elements exist that independently of each other ambient light of different
- Pages of the organic optoelectronic device can detect.
- at least two of the plurality of light-detecting elements may have different detection sides for the detection of ambient light.
- an organic light detecting element is provided, the ambient light only on one side of the organic
- organic light detecting element can detect ambient light on both sides of the organic optoelectronic device and thus detecting both sides
- a plurality of organic light-emitting elements is arranged on the common substrate.
- the plurality of organic light emitting elements and the at least one organic light detecting element or also a plurality of organic light detecting elements are all arranged on the same side of the common substrate.
- the organic light-emitting elements of the plurality of may be controllable separately from one another, so that the individual organic light-emitting elements can be switched on or off independently of one another, for example.
- each of at least two of the plurality of organic light-emitting elements can each detect at least one organic light
- That an organic light-detecting element is associated with an organic light-emitting element means, in particular, that the light-detecting element and the light-emitting element with respect to
- Brightness control of the light-emitting element form a functional unit. Furthermore, it may also mean that the organic light detecting element the
- the organic optoelectronic component has an encapsulation on the at least one organic light-emitting element and / or on the at least one organic light
- the encapsulation can For example, be formed by a so-called thin-film encapsulation, the at least one or more thin
- Atomic layer deposition method is applied to the organic light emitting element and / or on the organic light detecting element.
- the encapsulation may, for example, also have a glass cover which overlies at least one glass cover
- Cover with a depression over the organic elements which is applied by means of gluing, soldering, glass soldering, bonding or other suitable method.
- the at least one organic light-emitting element and the at least one organic light-detecting element are encapsulated with a common encapsulation. In other words, this means that an encapsulation on the organic light
- an electrical insulator layer can be arranged directly on the substrate, which differs from the
- Insulator layer directly on the substrate may be provided in particular to the organic light-emitting Element electrically detecting from organic light
- Element electrically and / or optically isolate.
- no electrical insulator layer is present between the at least one organic light-emitting element and the at least one organic light-detecting element.
- this may mean that between the at least one organic light-emitting element and the at least one organic light
- Substrate is arranged and thus between the two
- the at least one organic light-emitting element having a first
- Encapsulation encapsulated separately applied encapsulation This may in particular mean that a gap
- Detecting element is free of encapsulation.
- an electrical insulator layer can be arranged between the at least one organic light-emitting element and the at least one organic light-detecting element, which is arranged in the lateral direction between the first and second encapsulation. In other words, this may mean that the electric
- Insulator layer which preferably for electrical and / or optical isolation of the organic light emitting Elements of organic light detecting element
- a decoupling layer which is formed for example as a scattering layer and a light extraction of the light generated in the at least one organic light emitting element from the organic optoelectronic
- the coupling-out layer can be any suitable coupling-out layer.
- a decoupling layer can also be arranged as an internal scattering layer or decoupling layer between the common substrate and the organic light-emitting element.
- an outcoupling layer may also be arranged on the side of the organic light-emitting element opposite the substrate.
- organic optoelectronic component described here can be compared to conventional organic
- Element can, by a suitable control in operation, a precise adjustment of the radiation power of the at least one organic light-emitting element, in particular may be formed as a surface light element, carried out to external conditions, which may result in operation, for example, to save energy.
- a suitable control in operation a precise adjustment of the radiation power of the at least one organic light-emitting element, in particular may be formed as a surface light element, carried out to external conditions, which may result in operation, for example, to save energy.
- an automated electronic circuit which can be embodied as a monolithic electronic component or as an external electronic component with a current and / or voltage source which can control the at least one organic light-emitting element by the electrical signal generated by the at least one organic light detecting element , an efficient readjustment of the lighting can be possible.
- Measurements with test constructions comprising an organic light emitting element having a luminous area of about 2 cm 2 , an operating voltage of 6.5 V and a luminance of about 2500 cd / m 2 have been obtained by varying the areas of an organic light emitting element and an organic light detecting element and by varying the distance and the lateral offset between the organic light emitting element and the
- organic light detecting element shown that in the case of an organic photodiode as an organic light detecting element, the larger the surface of the organic light detecting the photosensing voltage
- organic light detecting element were in the range of 5 mm to 75 mm, for example at 5 mm, 20 mm and 75 mm, a typical detector size for the organic light
- Detecting element had a diameter of about 4 mm.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an organic compound
- Figures 2A and 2B are schematic representations of a
- FIGS 3 to 12 are schematic representations of organic optoelectronic devices according to further aspects
- FIGS 13A to 16N are schematic representations of
- FIGS 17 and 18 are schematic representations of organic optoelectronic devices according to further aspects
- identical, identical or identically acting elements can each be provided with the same reference numerals.
- the illustrated Elements and their proportions with each other are not to be regarded as true to scale, but individual elements, such as layers, components, components and areas, for better presentation and / or better understanding may be exaggerated.
- OLED organic light emitting diode
- the organic light-emitting element 100 which in the
- OLED 100 has a substrate 101, on which an organic functional layer stack 103 with at least one organic light-emitting layer is arranged between electrodes 102 and 104. At least one of the electrodes 102, 104 is transparent, so that light generated in the organic functional layer stack 103 during operation of the OLED 100 can be radiated through the at least one transparent electrode.
- the substrate 101 is made transparent, for example in the form of a
- Substrate 101 for example, a transparent
- Plastic or a glass-plastic laminate Plastic or a glass-plastic laminate.
- the electrode 102 applied to the substrate 101 is also transparent and comprises, for example, a transparent conductive oxide.
- Transparent conductive oxides TCO
- transparent, conductive materials usually metal oxides, such as zinc oxide, tin oxide, cadmium oxide, Titanium oxide, indium oxide and indium tin oxide (ITO).
- metal oxides such as zinc oxide, tin oxide, cadmium oxide, Titanium oxide, indium oxide and indium tin oxide (ITO).
- binary metal oxygen compounds such as ZnO, SnÜ 2 or In 2 Ü 3
- ternary metal oxygen compounds such as Zn 2 SnC> 4, CdSn0 3 , ZnSnÜ 3 , MgIn 2 Ü 4 , Galn0 3 , ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 5 or In 4 Sn 3 0i 2 or mixtures of different transparent conductive oxides to the group of TCOs.
- TCOs do not necessarily correspond to one
- a transparent electrode may, for example, also comprise a transparent metal, metallic network structures or conductive networks, for example with or made of silver, and / or graphene or carbon-containing layers or a combination of the named transparent materials.
- the further electrode 104 on the organic functional layer stack 103 is reflective in the embodiment shown and has a metal which may be selected from aluminum, barium, indium, silver, gold, magnesium, calcium and lithium, and compounds,
- the electrode 104 may comprise Ag, Al or alloys or layer stacks with these, for example Ag / Mg, Ag / Ca, Mg / Al or else Mo / Al / Mo or Cr / Al / Cr.
- the electrode 104 may also have an above-mentioned TCO material or a layer stack with at least one TCO and at least one metal.
- the lower electrode 102 is formed as an anode in the embodiment shown, while the upper electrode 104 as
- the electrodes 102, 104 are preferably formed over a large area and coherently, so that the organic light-emitting element 100 as a luminous source, in particular as a surface light source, is formed. "Large area” may mean that the organic light emitting element 100 has an area greater than or equal to a few
- At least one of the electrodes 102, 104 of the organic light-emitting element 100, between which the organic functional layer stack 103 is located, is structured, whereby by means of the organic light-emitting element 100 a spatially and / or temporally structured and / or changeable
- Luminous impression for example, for structured lighting or for a display device can be made possible.
- electrical contacting of the electrodes 102 and 104 as shown in Figure 1, also
- Electrode fittings 105 may be provided which extend under the encapsulation 107 described below from the electrodes 102, 104 to the outside.
- the 105 may be formed transparent or non-transparent depending on the direction of emission of the OLED 100 and, for example, have or be a TCO and / or a metal.
- the electrode terminals 105 may be formed by a metal layer or a metal layer stack, for example Mo / Al / Mo, Cr / Al / Cr or Al.
- the organic functional layer stack 103 may
- emitting layer further organic layers, for example one or more selected from a
- Hole injection layer a hole transport layer, a hole transport layer, a hole transport layer, a hole transport layer, a hole transport layer, a hole transport layer, a hole transport layer, a hole transport layer, a hole transport layer, a hole transport layer, a hole transport layer, a hole transport layer, a hole transport layer, a hole transport layer, a hole transport layer, a hole transport layer, a hole transport layer, a hole transport layer, a
- Electron blocking layer a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer and a charge generation layer (CGL), which are suitable to conduct holes or electrons to the organic light emitting layer or to block the respective transport
- organic functional layer stack 103 may
- the organic functional layer stack 103 may have a functional layer designed as a hole transport layer for effective hole injection into the organic layer
- a functional layer designed as a hole transport layer for effective hole injection into the organic layer
- materials for a hole transport layer tertiary amines, carbazole derivatives, conductive polyaniline or polyethylenedioxythiophene, for example, may prove to be advantageous as materials for the light
- emitting layer are suitable electroluminescent
- Isolator 106 may be present, for example, with or made of polyimide, for example, the electrodes 102, 104 can electrically isolate against each other.
- the individual layers of the OLED 100 also need not necessarily be insulator layers 106 and may not be present, for example with corresponding mask processes for applying the layers.
- an encapsulation 107 for protecting the organic functional layer stack 103 and the electrodes 102, 104 is arranged.
- the encapsulation 107 is particularly preferred as Dünnfilmverkapselung
- Encapsulation is understood in the present case to mean a device which is capable of forming a barrier to atmospheric substances, in particular to moisture and oxygen and / or to other harmful substances such as corrosive gases, for example hydrogen sulphide.
- the thin-film encapsulation is designed so that it can be penetrated by atmospheric substances at most to very small proportions. This barrier effect is essentially carried out by thin film encapsulation
- Encapsulation typically has a thickness of less than or equal to several 100 nm.
- the thin-film encapsulation may comprise or consist of thin layers suitable for the
- the thin layers for example, by means of a
- Atomic layer deposition or molecular layer deposition (MLD) methods are suitable materials for the layers of the encapsulation arrangement.
- ALD Atomic layer deposition
- MLD molecular layer deposition
- alumina for example, alumina, zinc oxide, zirconia,
- the encapsulation has a layer sequence with a plurality of the thin layers, each having a thickness between an atomic layer and a few 100 nm.
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- barrier layers at least one or a plurality of further layers, ie in particular barrier layers and / or
- PECVD PECVD
- Materials for this may be the aforementioned materials as well as silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride,
- layers may each have a thickness between 1 nm and 5 ym, and preferably between 1 nm and 400 nm, with the limits included.
- the encapsulation 107 can also have a glass cover which, for example, can be in the form of a glass substrate having a cavity on the substrate 101 by means of an adhesive layer
- Moisture absorbing material such as zeolite
- Adhesive layer for attaching the lid on the substrate itself to be absorbent for damaging substances and / or adhesive layer structures may be present.
- Encapsulation 107 as shown in Figure 1, a pasted by means of an adhesive layer 108 cover 109th
- the cover 109 which may also be referred to as a "superstrate” with respect to its arrangement in comparison to the substrate 101, can be characterized by a
- Glass layer or glass plate or a plastic, a metal or a combination or a laminate of said materials may be formed and in particular in conjunction with an encapsulation formed as a thin-film encapsulation 107 as a mechanical protection, especially as a cat protection, serve, without the cover 109 itself act encapsulating got to.
- a protective lacquer for example in the form of a spray lacquer, may also be applied to the encapsulation 107.
- the OLED 100 is so-called due to the transparent substrate 101 and the transparent lower electrode 102
- Bottom emitter executed and emits light in operation through the transparent electrode 102 and the transparent substrate 101 from.
- Layer stack 103 remote from the side of the substrate 101 may be arranged an optical Auskoppeltik 110, the
- a litter layer with scattering particles in one transparent matrix and / or formed with a light-scattering surface structure for example, as a litter layer with scattering particles in one transparent matrix and / or formed with a light-scattering surface structure. It can also be one
- Decoupling layer for example, between the substrate 101 and the lower, arranged on the substrate 101 electrode 102 or between other functional layers may be arranged in the form of an internal Auskoppel für.
- the upper electrode 104 arranged facing away from the substrate 101 may also be transparent, in order to radiate the light generated in operation in the organic functional layer stack 103 through the upper electrode 104 in a direction away from the substrate 101.
- the OLED 100 is designed as a so-called top emitter. The between the substrate 101 and the organic functional
- Layer stack 103 disposed lower electrode 102 may, provided no light emission through the substrate 101
- the substrate 101 may comprise a non-transparent material, such as a non-transparent glass, a non-transparent plastic, a metal, or combinations thereof.
- the encapsulation 107 and, if present, also the adhesive layer 108 and the cover 109 are transparent in the top emitter configuration.
- a decoupling layer can be arranged above the upper electrode 104, for example on the cover 109 or between the cover 109 and the encapsulation 107.
- the OLED 100 can also be used simultaneously as a bottom emitter and as a top emitter and thus preferably as
- the organic light-emitting element 100 for example with regard to the structure, the layer composition and the materials of the organic functional layer stack, the
- FIG. 2A shows an organic optoelectronic component according to an exemplary embodiment, which has an organic light-detecting element 200 in addition to an organic light-emitting element 100.
- the organic light detecting element 200 is used together with the
- Substrate for the organic light emitting element 100 and the organic light detecting element 200 forms.
- the organic light-emitting element 100 and the organic light detecting element 200 are disposed on the same side of the common substrate 101 in laterally adjacent surface areas.
- the organic light emitting element 100 and the organic light detecting element 200 are thereby deposited in a same plane and in direct contact with the substrate 101 thereon.
- the organic light detecting element 200 is an organic photodiode
- Detecting element 200 has an organic
- Layer stack 203 at least one organic light
- the organic light detecting element 200 in the embodiment shown with respect to the electrodes 202, 204 and the organic functional
- Layer stack 203 has the same structure as the organic light-emitting element 100 with respect to the electrodes 102, 104 and the organic functional layer stack 103 and may be inversely to the organic light-emitting element 100, that is, with opposite electrical polarity,
- the production of the organic optoelectronic component shown can cause no or only slight additional costs in comparison with an exclusively light-emitting component.
- the organic light detecting element 200 in FIG Compared to the organic light emitting element 100 other materials and / or other layer structures in
- the organic optoelectronic component furthermore has an encapsulation 107, which is formed as a thin-film encapsulation and forms a common encapsulation for the organic light-emitting element 100 and the organic light-detecting element 200.
- the encapsulation 107 extends over a large area and
- organic light detecting element 200 On the common encapsulation 107, a common cover 109 is fixed by means of an adhesive layer 108.
- electrode terminals 205 are provided, which serve for the electrical contacting of the electrodes 202, 204 and which may be formed like the electrode terminal pieces 105 of the organic light-emitting element 100.
- the electrode connection pieces 105, 205 extend from the elements 100, 200 out of the encapsulation 107, so that the elements 100, 200 can be contacted from the outside.
- an electrical insulator layer 112 which is covered by the common encapsulation 107, is arranged directly on the substrate 101.
- the electrical insulator layer 112 which may include, or may be, polyimide or other electrically insulating material, for example, serves electrical purposes
- Component of Figure 2A indicates the lighting conditions during operation.
- FIG. 2B as well as in the following figures, the reference signs of the individual layers and parts of the organic optoelectronic component shown in each case are, for the sake of clarity, mainly only with regard to differences from those described so far
- the organic light-emitting element 100 of FIGS. 2A and 2B, and thus the organic optoelectronic component shown, is pure in the exemplary embodiment shown
- Optoelectronic component thus forms the
- Part of the light generated by the organic light emitting element 100 may also be scattered by the transparent substrate due to scattering and
- Waveguide effects are directed to the organic light detecting element 200, as indicated by the reference numeral 2. Furthermore, depending on the training of
- Electrodes and insulator layers may also be light due to the common encapsulation of the organic light emitting element 100 to the organic light
- Encapsulation for example, with regard to a suitable refractive index to avoid total reflection in the substrate or the cover, as well as by suitable, at least
- Organic light-emitting element 100 as the top emitter, the organic light-emitting element 100 to the organic light detecting element 200 may
- the ambient light may vary depending on
- the ambient light 3, 4 may be, for example, light from other natural or artificial light sources or also Be light 1 of the organic optoelectronic device, by external reflection on the organic light
- the incident on the organic light detecting element 200 light 3, 4 on the front or back, ie on the substrate ⁇ or the cover side of the organic optoelectronic device and thus on the emission side or the emission side opposite side, can by selecting the Materials that exist between the environment and the
- Light detecting element 200 are affected. For example, by an arrangement of a
- Ambient light 3, 4 are influenced in the organic light detecting element 200.
- organic light detecting elements the location of one or more organic light detecting elements with respect to the luminous surface of the organic light
- the detection surface of the organic light detecting element for example, with respect to an adaptation to the organic light emitting element in geometry, stack and / or wiring, the distance between the organic light detecting element and the organic light-emitting element, the arrangement and number of one or more outcoupling layers and / or the waveguide properties in the substrate or the rest
- FIG. 3 shows an organic optoelectronic component which, in comparison to the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 2A and 2B, emits between the organic light
- Insulator layer 112 has.
- the common encapsulation extends in this embodiment between the elements 100, 200 to the common substrate. This can
- the light pipe is influenced by internally guided light between the organic light emitting element 100 and the organic light detecting element 200.
- FIG. 4A shows an exemplary embodiment of an organic optoelectronic component which, by way of example only, has no common encapsulation with a common encapsulation in comparison with the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 2A and 2B
- the organic light-emitting element 100 has a first encapsulation 107, while the organic light-detecting element 200 has a second encapsulation 208, which differs from the first one
- Encapsulation 107 is applied separately, so that the organic light emitting element 100 and the organic light detecting element 200 are independently encapsulated. Between the organic light emitting element 100 and the organic light detecting element 200, as shown in Figure 3A, an electrical
- Insulator layer 112 may be provided by none of
- Encapsulations 107, 208 is covered.
- the encapsulations 107, 208 may be the same or
- FIG. 4B shows a further exemplary embodiment of an organic optoelectronic component which, in comparison to the previous exemplary embodiment, has no
- FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment of an organic optoelectronic component, which has an organic light detecting element 200 that is organic rather than an organic light detecting element 200 embodied as an organic photodiode in comparison to the previous embodiments
- Photoconductor is formed with an organic photoconductive material 207, which generates electrical charges upon irradiation of light.
- organic photoconductive material 207 may be formed as a single layer on an electrically conductive layer, such as on an electrode or on that shown in FIG. 5, as in the exemplary embodiment shown
- Electrode fittings 205 also without additional
- the organic photoconductive material for example, the organic photoconductive
- Material 207 is based on a PVK-TNF charge-transfer complex (PVK: polyvinylcarbazole, TNF: 2, 4, 7-trinitro-9-fluorenone). Furthermore, the organic photoconductive material 207 may, for example, also be two-layered in the form of an organic charge carrier-generating layer and an organic
- Charge carrier transporting layer may be formed.
- organic carrier-producing materials include (di) azo dyes, squaraine derivatives and Phthalocyanines in question, as organic charge carriers
- conductive materials for example arylamines, oxadiazoles, TPD (N, N'-bis (3-methylphenyl) -N, N'-bis (phenyl) benzidine) and NPB ( ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis (naphthalen-1-yl) - ⁇ , ⁇ 'bis (phenyl) benzidine).
- TPD N, N'-bis (3-methylphenyl) -N, N'-bis (phenyl) benzidine
- NPB ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis (naphthalen-1-yl) - ⁇ , ⁇ 'bis (phenyl) benzidine
- formed organic light detecting element 200 has the same structure as the organic light-emitting
- the organic light detecting element 200 formed as an organic photoconductor can be irradiated with ambient light from both sides, that is, through the substrate and through the encapsulation. To prevent the irradiation of
- Ambient light for example, from one side or internally guided light on the organic photoconductive
- Material 207 can also be non-transparent
- Insulator layers electrically insulated metal layers, non-transparent materials for the encapsulation and / or a non-transparent cover, such as a non ⁇ transparent glass cover, be provided.
- a non-transparent cover such as a non ⁇ transparent glass cover
- Detecting element 200 this can also be constructed simultaneously as a photoconductor and photodiode.
- Organic light detecting element 200 may be used with a bias voltage as a photodiode and without electrical bias as a photoconductor.
- the organic light detecting element 200 may be formed and used as an organic photoresistor.
- the organic light detecting element 200 may have an organic functional layer based on pentacene for this purpose.
- FIGS. 6 to 8 Various exemplary embodiments are shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, in which the different detection directions for an organic light detecting element 200 are explained again, which is purely exemplary as organic
- Photodiode as in the embodiment of Figures 2A and 2B is formed.
- the organic light-emitting element 100 is embodied in these embodiments as a bottom emitter and emits light only through the common
- the organic light-emitting element 100 in the embodiments described below but also be designed as a top emitter, in which case the side with the cover, so the opposite side of the substrate of the organic
- the organic light-emitting element 100 may also be formed as a transparent OLED, which emits light on both sides.
- the organic light-detecting element 200 has a transparent electrode 202 on the emission side, ie on the side of the organic functional layer stack facing the substrate, while the oppositely disposed upper electrode 204 is reflective or at least non-transparent as indicated by the hatching.
- the transparent electrode 202 may be replaced by a TCO or a transparent metal, so a sufficiently thin metal layer, or a combination and / or a plurality of these may be formed, while the non-transparent electrode 204 may be formed for example by a non-transparent metal, that is, a sufficiently thick metal layer.
- a bottom emitter With regard to one as a bottom emitter
- formed organic light emitting element 100 is the organic light detecting element 200 of the
- Embodiment of Figure 6 thus configured to detect ambient light 3, which is irradiated on the emission side of the organic optoelectronic component, so that the emission side of the organic
- Opto-electronic device in the bottom-emitter configuration or in a transparent version of the detection side of the organic light detecting element 200 corresponds.
- FIG. 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of an organic optoelectronic component, in which, in contrast to the previous exemplary embodiment, the lower electrode 202, that is to say the electrode which is arranged on the substrate side, is non-transparent and, for example, reflective
- the organic light detecting elements 200 is arranged in this embodiment,
- Detection side of the organic light detecting element 200 is thus from the emission side of the organic optoelectronic device in the bottom-emitter configuration different.
- top electrode 204 may comprise a transparent material, such as a TCO.
- a transparent material such as a TCO.
- Electrode 204 is designed as a ring contact and
- an electrode 204 formed as a ring contact encloses the opening in a lateral direction only in a partial area and is thus for example U-shaped.
- FIG. 8 shows a further exemplary embodiment of an organic optoelectronic component, in which both electrodes 202, 204 are transparent and / or as
- Ring contact are formed so that the organic light detecting element 200 shown in Figure 8 can detect ambient light 3, 4, which is irradiated from both sides of the organic optoelectronic device.
- transparent electrode materials may also be used in combination with a non-transparent additional material
- FIG. 9 shows a further exemplary embodiment in which the distance 114 between the organic light emitting element 100 and the organic light detecting element 200 is reduced compared with the previous exemplary embodiments.
- the distance 114 By varying the distance 114, for example by the reduction in distance shown or by increasing the distance, the proportion of light conducted internally by the organic light emitting element 100 to the organic light detecting element 200 can be influenced depending on the application. For example, in the case of at least two organic light detecting elements 200, which are arranged directly next to each other and a different distance to the organic light
- organic light detecting elements 200 a are organic light detecting elements 200 a
- FIGS. 10 and 11 show further exemplary embodiments of an organic optoelectronic component in which the coupling-out layer 110 is varied in comparison to the exemplary embodiments shown so far.
- the coupling-out layer 110 additionally extends beyond the organic light-detecting element 200, as a result of which, for example, the proportion of the organic light-emitting element 100 to the organic light-detecting element 200
- the coupling-out layer 110 is arranged on the side of the common substrate 101 facing the organic functional layer stacks, as a result of which an influence on the internally conducted light as well as on the ambient light coupled into the organic light detecting element 200 may result.
- a decoupling layer may also be located only above the organic light detecting element 200 or else there may be no decoupling layer. Is this organic
- FIG. 12 shows a further exemplary embodiment of an organic optoelectronic component in which no insulator layers 106, 206, 112 are present in comparison with the exemplary embodiments shown so far.
- Light are affected, in this embodiment in particular also directly from the organic light emitting element 100 can be irradiated to the organic light detecting element 200. In particular, between the organic light emitting element 100 and the
- organic light detecting element 200 only a gap 113 present, which is from the common
- the electrodes 102, 104 and 202, 204 are formed, for example, by suitable mask processes in the production such that even without
- the organic light detecting elements 200 shown in Figs. 13A to 13F are respectively formed the same and can detect ambient light on one or both sides according to the previous embodiments.
- an organic light detecting element 200 may be located in a corner or, more generally, in an edge region of an organic light emitting element 100, thereby providing as much as possible slight influence on the luminous area of the organic optoelectronic component can be achieved.
- a plurality of organic light detecting elements 200 may also be provided, for example, in two corners or in all four corners of the organic light emitting element 100.
- an organic light detecting element 200 is also disposed within the luminous area formed by the organic light emitting element 100, in addition, as shown in Fig. 13D is, in the peripheral areas and
- organic light emitting element 100 may be present organic light detecting elements 200 or, as shown in Figure 13E, only within the luminous area of the organic light emitting element 100, an organic light
- Detecting element 200 may be present.
- an entire edge side of an organic light-emitting device may also be used
- detecting elements 200 may be provided detecting elements 200.
- FIGS. 14A to 15F Exemplary embodiments are shown in FIGS. 14A to 15F, in which organic light-detecting elements 200, 200 ', 200 "are provided which have different detection sides.
- the organic light detecting elements 200 have a detection side that detects ambient light through the substrate
- Organic light detecting elements 200 "are provided for detection on both sides.
- an organic light detecting element 200 and another organic light detecting element 200 'having mutually different detection sides for ambient light there may be an organic light detecting element 200 for one-side detection and another organic light detecting element 200' 'for two-sided detection of ambient light.
- FIG. 14C an embodiment is shown which comprises a plurality of organic light detecting elements 200 and 200 'in pairs in the corners of the organic light emitting element 100, wherein an organic light detecting element 200 is additionally provided within the luminous surface of the organic light emitting element 100 .
- FIGS. 14D and 14E only two organic light-detecting elements 200, 200 'or 200, 200' 'are provided which are themselves
- a plurality of differently formed organic lights may also be formed
- Detecting elements 200, 200 extend over an edge region of the organic light emitting element 100.
- FIGS. 15A to 15F show further exemplary embodiments which each comprise at least one organic light Detecting element 200 '', which allows a double-sided detection. According to the embodiment of FIG. 15A, an organic light detecting element 200 'is additionally provided, while according to FIG. 15A
- Embodiment of Figure 15B only an organic light detecting element 200 '' in a corner region of the organic light emitting element 100 is provided.
- the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 15C to 15E correspond to the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 13C to 13E, with organic light explicitly detecting bilaterally here
- Detecting elements 200 '' are provided. According to the
- Embodiment of Figure 15F is a plurality of differently formed organic light
- Elements 100 are distributed.
- FIGS. 16A to 16N show further exemplary embodiments of the arrangement and the geometric configuration of a respective light-emitting element 100 and a light-detecting element 200, wherein the light
- Embodiments of Figures 13A to 13F the size of the organic light detecting element 200 are varied.
- the size and shape of the light-emitting element 100 may also be varied, for example, as compared with those shown so far
- square shapes also have a rectangular or other shape.
- an organic light detecting element 200 may also be coherently emitting over an entire edge side of an organic light
- Component 100 extend.
- organic light detecting element 200 may be disposed, for example, in a region enclosed by the organic light emitting element 100 or a light
- FIGS. 16F and 16G a plurality of organic light emitting elements 100 is provided, wherein one or more organic light detecting elements 200
- each of the plurality of light-emitting elements 100 is one
- organic light detecting element 200 While according to the embodiment of Figure 161, an organic light detecting element 200 is provided, which occupies a larger area compared to the previous embodiments and all of the plurality of light-emitting elements 100 is assigned.
- the organic light emitting elements 100 and / or the organic light detecting elements 200 may also have shapes other than an angular shape, for example, a circular, an elliptic, or any other shape, and any other relative arrangement and size to each other.
- the embodiments shown in FIGS. 13A to 16N are arbitrary with one another depending on the application of the organic optoelectronic component
- FIGS. 17 and 18 are organic optoelectronic
- the electronic components for electrically interconnecting the at least one organic light emitting element 100 and the at least one organic light detecting element 200 have.
- Embodiments can be combined.
- an adjustable current and / or voltage source 300 is provided as the electronic component, which is the electrical element provided by the at least one organic light detecting element 200
- Optoelectronic component in which a controllable current and / or voltage source 300 is provided, which measures the light detected by the at least one organic light detecting element 200 having ambient light, and which controls at least one organic light emitting element 100 as a function of the measurement.
- the controllable current and / or voltage source 300 can, for example, with
- Pulse width modulation method and / or a
- Pulse frequency modulation method work.
- controllable current and / or voltage source 300 as shown in Figure 17, an external electronic
- controllable At least partially integrate current and / or voltage source in the organic optoelectronic component for example by integration in the common substrate or by arrangement on the common substrate.
- Voltage source 300 may be provided as a monolithic electronic circuit, for example in the substrate or in additional functional layers on the substrate.
- the controllable current and / or voltage source 300 can be provided as a monolithic electronic circuit, for example in the substrate or in additional functional layers on the substrate.
- the controllable current and / or voltage source 300 can be provided as a monolithic electronic circuit, for example in the substrate or in additional functional layers on the substrate.
- the controllable current and / or voltage source 300 can be provided as a monolithic electronic circuit, for example in the substrate or in additional functional layers on the substrate.
- FIG. 18 shows an exemplary embodiment of an organic optoelectronic component which, instead of a controllable current and / or voltage source 300, which converts the measurement signal provided by the organic light detecting element 200 into a control signal for the organic light emitting element 100, one of a Current and / or voltage meter 302 has separate power and / or voltage source 301, the operation of the
- Allow feedback wherein the signal of the organic light detecting element 200 is merely measured.
- Embodiments are combined with each other, even if such combinations are not explicitly with the individual
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Abstract
Description
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DE112013005276.8T DE112013005276B4 (de) | 2012-11-02 | 2013-10-24 | Organisches optoelektronisches Bauelement und Verfahren zum Betrieb des organischen optoelektronischen Bauelements |
US14/432,537 US9721991B2 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2013-10-24 | Organic optoelectronic component and method for operating the organic optoelectronic component |
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DE102012220020.7 | 2012-11-02 | ||
DE102012220020.7A DE102012220020A1 (de) | 2012-11-02 | 2012-11-02 | Organisches optoelektronisches bauelement und verfahren zum betrieb des organischen optoelektronischen bauelements |
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WO2014067852A1 true WO2014067852A1 (de) | 2014-05-08 |
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PCT/EP2013/072318 WO2014067852A1 (de) | 2012-11-02 | 2013-10-24 | Organisches optoelektronisches bauelement und verfahren zum betrieb des organischen optoelektronischen bauelements |
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US (1) | US9721991B2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE102012220020A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2014067852A1 (de) |
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JP2017527995A (ja) * | 2014-08-19 | 2017-09-21 | イソルグ | 有機材料から構成されている、電磁放射線を検出するためのデバイス |
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DE102012222461A1 (de) * | 2012-12-06 | 2014-06-12 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Organisches optoelektronisches Bauelement |
DE102013105229A1 (de) * | 2013-05-22 | 2014-11-27 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Optoelektronisches Bauelement und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines optoelektronischen Bauelementes |
US20180323243A1 (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2018-11-08 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. | Array substrate, image collection method and display device |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE112013005276B4 (de) | 2021-09-09 |
DE102012220020A1 (de) | 2014-05-08 |
US20150243710A1 (en) | 2015-08-27 |
DE112013005276A5 (de) | 2015-09-24 |
US9721991B2 (en) | 2017-08-01 |
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