WO2014063413A1 - 一种通过调整电压辅助调节电网频率的方法 - Google Patents

一种通过调整电压辅助调节电网频率的方法 Download PDF

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WO2014063413A1
WO2014063413A1 PCT/CN2012/086551 CN2012086551W WO2014063413A1 WO 2014063413 A1 WO2014063413 A1 WO 2014063413A1 CN 2012086551 W CN2012086551 W CN 2012086551W WO 2014063413 A1 WO2014063413 A1 WO 2014063413A1
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voltage
frequency
regulating
adjusting
grid
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PCT/CN2012/086551
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French (fr)
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郭为民
魏强
唐耀华
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河南省电力公司电力科学研究院
国家电网公司
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Publication of WO2014063413A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014063413A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/42—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output to obtain desired frequency without varying speed of the generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/34—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between networks of substantially different frequency

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  • the invention relates to a method for adjusting a grid frequency in a power grid system, in particular to a method for adjusting a grid frequency by adjusting a voltage.
  • UHV can avoid long-distance transportation of coal, make full use of hydropower in the South, and achieve complementary resources across the country. Therefore, UHV may develop rapidly and rapidly in the future.
  • the operation of UHV has brought some problems that need to be resolved.
  • the dispatching units at home and abroad are occasionally used.
  • domestic dispatching units sometimes intentionally reduce the voltage to reduce the active consumption of the load.
  • Ontario, Canada also allows The voltage is reduced by 2.5%-5% when the backup is insufficient, but these practices are all incidental aids and have not been thoroughly and thoroughly studied. This may be because for a long time, people have always believed that active and frequency related, reactive and voltage related, in the steady state operation, the relationship between voltage and active power is rarely used.
  • PSS Power System Stabilizer
  • the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for adjusting the grid frequency by adjusting the voltage, adding a voltage-regulating auxiliary frequency modulation link in the generator excitation controller, and the frequency deviation signal is input not only to the adder through the PSS link in the excitation controller
  • the frequency deviation signal is also input into the voltage regulation auxiliary frequency modulation section, and the output voltage signal of the voltage regulation auxiliary frequency modulation section is also input to the adder, and the output signal of the adder affects the excitation voltage of the generator, thereby adjusting Grid frequency.
  • the voltage regulation auxiliary frequency modulation link is an inertia link.
  • the present invention proposes a method for adjusting the frequency of the power grid by adjusting the voltage, which can be combined with primary frequency modulation and AGC (Automatic Power Generation Control AGC (Automatic Generation Control) is an important function in the EMS of the energy management system. It controls the output of the FM unit to meet the changing user's power demand and keeps the system in an economical state.
  • AGC Automatic Power Generation Control
  • the voltage regulation auxiliary frequency modulation method of the present invention has the advantage of rapid response.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of an excitation system including a PSS
  • Figure 2 is a structural diagram of an excitation system for increasing the voltage regulation auxiliary frequency modulation link
  • Figure 3 is a simulation diagram comparing the method with other methods.
  • the present invention provides a method for adjusting the frequency of the grid by adjusting the voltage, and adding a voltage-regulating auxiliary frequency modulation link (FRVC) to the excitation controller of the generator, and the frequency deviation signal ⁇
  • FRVC voltage-regulating auxiliary frequency modulation link
  • the frequency deviation signal is simultaneously input into the voltage regulation auxiliary frequency modulation section, and the output signal of the voltage regulation auxiliary frequency modulation section is also input to the adder, the adder of the adder
  • the output signal outputs the final adjusted voltage signal, and the output voltage signal regulates the grid frequency through the AGC.
  • the voltage-adjusting auxiliary frequency modulation link is an inertia link, and the inertia link can be realized by a circuit or a program.
  • the newly added voltage regulation auxiliary frequency modulation link is the same as the PSS, with frequency deviation ⁇
  • the current PSS implementation path includes high-pass filtering, so constant frequency deviation does not affect the terminal voltage.
  • the newly added voltage regulation auxiliary frequency adjustment section adjusts the terminal voltage according to a constant frequency deviation. It can also be understood as ⁇ of 0.1-2Hz. The change affects the terminal voltage through the PSS path, while the longer ⁇ variation of less than 0.1 Hz affects the terminal voltage through the voltage-regulated auxiliary frequency modulation (FRVC) path.
  • FRVC voltage-regulated auxiliary frequency modulation
  • FRVC link voltage regulation auxiliary frequency modulation link
  • the frequency when the system has a power shortage of 20.15% of the total network capacity, the frequency can be increased by 0.465 Hz, corresponding to at least two rounds of low frequency reduction, after 10 seconds after the accident, using voltage regulation auxiliary frequency modulation and no use.
  • the voltage-adjusting auxiliary frequency modulation reduces the frequency of the accidents and reduces the output of each power plant from 21.35 to 19.87.
  • the saved power generation capacity can further increase the grid frequency after the end of one frequency modulation.
  • the invention can affect the grid frequency by adjusting the excitation voltage.
  • the main reason is that the active power and voltage of the load are related, so reducing the voltage can reduce the active power required by the load, so when there is a large number of frequency shortages and frequency drops, there is It is necessary to reduce the voltage to compensate for the lack of power for the spinning reserve.
  • the voltage of the whole network is 5% lower, which can save about 5% of the rotating standby (according to constant impedance 30%, constant current 40%, constant power 30% calculation), avoiding the low frequency load shedding of 5% of the whole network capacity. For most load nodes, a voltage as low as 0.9 is also feasible, which can make up for more power shortages.
  • the load itself has frequency characteristics and voltage characteristics, and the absorption work is reduced when the frequency and voltage are lowered.
  • the voltage is a local value, which can distinguish between sensitive and insensitive loads, and de-stepping in different categories (the agricultural voltage is even reduced to 0.8, which is not a problem).
  • the frequency is a parameter of the whole network. If the frequency is reduced, all load power generation will be affected, and the blades of the steam turbine, the pumps and fans of the power plant, and the textile enterprises cannot withstand excessive frequency changes.
  • FRVC can also be realized by directly specifying the excitation system Vref, adjusting the transformer tap, switching capacitor and static var compensator. These methods have been widely used in AVC systems. When implementing FRVC, only the corresponding commands need to be transmitted. Just give the AVC system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

一种通过调整电压辅助调节电网频率的方法。该方法在发电机励磁控制器中增加调压辅助调频环节。频率偏差信号不仅通过励磁控制器中的PSS环节输入到加法器，还同时输入到调压辅助调频环节中。调压辅助调频环节的输出电压信号也输入到加法器。加法器的输出信号影响发电机的励磁电压，从而调节电网频率。该方法在减少旋转备用的同时，将系统频率尽快恢复到较高的水平，并且还具有响应迅速的优点。

Description

一种通过调整电压辅助调节电网频率的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电网系统中调节电网频率的方法，尤其涉及一种通过调整电压辅助调节电网频率的方法。
背景技术
目前, 随着建设坚强智能电网的不断深入，我国电网逐步进入了特高压投入运行、新能源广泛接入的新时代。特高压可以避免远距离运送燃煤、充分利用南方水电，在全国范围内实现资源互补。所以特高压在未来一段时间内可能得到迅速和长足的发展。不过，尽管具有显著的优点，特高压的运行也带来一些问题，有待解决。
由于特高压功率巨大，可能占到省网容量的10%以上。在发生事故特高压失去的情况下，造成的功率缺额同样十分巨大。如果按照传统的N-1法则，就需要和特高压容量相同甚至更多的火电机组作为旋转备用，这很不经济。但是如果没有足够的旋转备用，特高压线路一旦故障，系统就必须大量低频减载以维持频率合格，这会影响数量众多的最终用户，造成混乱。此外，还应看到，即使在配备了足够旋转备用的情况下，特高压发生故障也仍然可能导致低频减载。这是因为旋转备用机组存在爬坡速率限制，弥补特高压造成的功率缺额需要一段时间，故障后可能需要几分钟才能让频率恢复正常水平，在此期间，系统可能仍由于频率过低而需要低频减载。
在解决功率缺额引起电网频率波动的问题方面，国内外已经进行过多方面的研究。特别是近年来，风电注入比例逐步增高，为了应对风电出力波动引起的功率波动进行了多方面的研究。例如可以增加储能装置（包括超导储能、压缩空气储能、电池储能等），可以给双馈风力发电机增加调差特性等等。但是这些方法都无法应对特高压突然故障时引起的大量功率缺额，此时的应对手段还是传统的低频减载；再方面，尽管也有一些根据负荷灵敏度进行低频减载的研究，通过选择灵敏度高的负荷减载，力图在减少切除负荷总量的同时获得更好的效果，但是这种方法所能取得的效果也仍然是有限的。
至于调整电压减少负荷有功消耗的方法，按照目前掌握的资料来看，国内外的调度单位都偶有使用，例如国内调度单位有时会有意的降低电压来减少负荷的有功消耗，加拿大安大略省也允许在备用不足时将电压降低2.5%-5%，但是这些做法都是偶然使用的辅助措施，并没有对之进行过详尽和深入的研究。这可能是因为长期以来，人们一直认为有功和频率相关，无功和电压相关，在稳态运行时，电压和有功的联系还很少被利用。
不过，在暂态稳定研究中，电压和功率的关系还被广泛应用的。例如，在事故后的暂态过程中，维持机端电压可以改善稳定性就是因为机端电压更高意味着送出功率更多，所以可以减少加速面积。PSS（电力系统稳定器）也是通过调整机端电压来改变发电机送出的功率，以此来提供阻尼。这都表明有功和电压间的关系可以被利用来维持系统稳定。其实，这种关系也完全可以在稳态时加以利用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种调整电压辅助调节电网频率的方法，能够在减少旋转备用的同时，将系统频率尽快恢复到较高的水平。
本发明采用下述技术方案：一种通过调整电压辅助调节电网频率的方法，在发电机励磁控制器中增加调压辅助调频环节，频率偏差信号不仅通过励磁控制器中的PSS环节输入到加法器，所述的频率偏差信号还同时输入到调压辅助调频环节中，调压辅助调频环节的输出电压信号也输入到加法器，所述的加法器的输出信号影响发电机的励磁电压，从而调节电网频率。
所述的调压辅助调频环节为惯性环节。
本发明为了解决上述问题，提出了一种通过调整电压辅助调节电网频率的方法，此方法可以与一次调频和AGC（自动发电量控制AGC（Automatic Generation Control），是能量管理系统EMS中的一项重要功能，它控制着调频机组的出力，以满足不断变化的用户电力需求，并使系统处于经济的运行状态）共同作用，在减少旋转备用的同时，将系统频率尽快恢复到较高的水平；除此之外，本发明所述的调压辅助调频方法还具有响应迅速的优点。
附图说明
图1为包含PSS的励磁系统结构图；
图2为增加调压辅助调频环节的励磁系统结构图；
图3为本方法与其他方法比较的仿真图。
具体实施方式
如图2所示，本发明一种通过调整电压辅助调节电网频率的方法，在发电机励磁控制器中增加调压辅助调频环节（FRVC），频率偏差信号⊿ω 除了通过PSS环节输入到加法器影响励磁电压外，所述的频率偏差信号还同时输入到调压辅助调频环节中，调压辅助调频环节的输出信号也输入到加法器，所述的加法器的输出信号输出最终的调节后的电压信号，输出的电压信号通过AGC调节电网频率。其中所述的调压辅助调频环节为惯性环节，所述的惯性环节可以通过电路或程序实现。
对比图2和图1可以看出，新增加的调压辅助调频环节和PSS一样，都以频率偏差⊿ω 为输入变量。区别在于，现在的PSS实现路径中包括高通滤波环节，所以恒定的频率偏差不会影响机端电压。新增加的调压辅助调频环节则会根据恒定的频率偏差调整机端电压。也可以理解为，0.1-2Hz的⊿ω 变化会通过PSS路径影响机端电压，而小于0.1Hz的延续时间较长的⊿ω 变化则通过调压辅助调频(FRVC)路径影响机端电压。
假如发生大的功率缺额，导致系统频率降低，⊿ω 将为一个恒定的负值，此时调压辅助调频环节(FRVC环节)会将发电机机端电压随之降低，从而间接的影响负荷电压和负荷的有功功率消耗，并以此达到提高频率的目的。如图3所示，是对某算例系统进行仿真计算的结果，事故前系统总发电为21.679(标么制)，事故中失去了大小为4.369的一台发电机。从图3中可以看出，当系统出现大小为全网容量20.15%的功率缺额时，事故后10s，使用调压辅助调频和不使用相比，频率可提高0.465Hz，对应至少两轮低频减载，而且，调压辅助调频在提高事故后频率的同时，还把一次调频动作后各电厂的出力之和从21.35减少到19.87，节省的发电容量还可在一次调频结束后进一步提高电网频率。
不仅如此，调压辅助调频还存在一个优点，就是响应迅速。在特高压失去这样的大功率缺额发生时，即使有足够的旋转备用，而且一次调频能够依靠蓄热按照期望的调差特性增发大量功率，这种响应也不可能持久。随后机组功率可能回落，然后是漫长的爬坡过程，至少要几分钟后频率才能在AGC的作用下恢复正常，这个过程中频率仍然偏低，也不可避免的要大量甩负荷。而调压辅助调频可以在减少一次调频调整量的同时，将恢复到较高频率(0.9946)的调整过程缩短到十几秒，这在事故时对系统有重要意义。
本发明通过调整励磁电压可以影响电网频率，主要依据是：负荷消耗的有功功率和电压是相关的，因此降低电压可以减少负荷需要的有功功率，所以在出现大量频率缺额、频率下降时，就有必要降低电压，来弥补旋转备用不足的功率缺额。全网的电压低5%，就可以省大约5%的旋转备用（按照恒阻抗30%，恒电流40%，恒功率30%计算），避免全网容量5%的低频减载。对大多数的负载节点来说，电压低到0.9也是可行的，那样可以弥补的功率缺额就更多。
负荷本身有频率特性和电压特性，频率和电压降低时吸收有功都会减少。但是实际上，只能主动的利用电压降低有功减少的规律，而不能利用频率降低有功减少的规律。这是因为，电压是个局部值，可以区分敏感负荷和不敏感负荷，分门别类的去降压（农电电压甚至降低到0.8也问题不大）。但是频率是个全网的参数，如果降低频率，所有负荷发电都会受到影响，而汽轮机的叶片，发电厂的泵和风机、纺织企业等用户是不能承受过大的频率变化的。
当然，这种方法并不是会频繁使用的一种方法，它应该和低频减载一样，只在危急的时候使用，但是这种小概率事件总还是存在的。在危急时，短暂的降低电压，同时让旋转备用增加出力，让处于冷态的火电机组尽快开起来，再转入正常态，这样做尽管可能短暂的牺牲了电压合格率，但是可以减少切除负荷的数量，两者相比较，还是得大于失。还可以通过直接指定励磁系统Vref，调节变压器分接头，投切电容器和静止无功补偿器等手段实现FRVC，这些手段已经在AVC系统中被广泛应用，在实现FRVC时，只需要将对应指令传递给AVC系统即可。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种通过调整电压辅助调节电网频率的方法，其特征在于：在发电机励磁控制器中增加调压辅助调频环节，频率偏差信号不仅通过励磁控制器中的PSS环节输入到加法器，所述的频率偏差信号还同时输入到调压辅助调频环节中，调压辅助调频环节的输出电压信号也输入到加法器，所述的加法器的输出信号影响发电机的励磁电压，从而调节电网频率。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的通过调整电压辅助调节电网频率的方法，其特征在于：所述的调压辅助调频环节为惯性环节。
PCT/CN2012/086551 2012-10-26 2012-12-13 一种通过调整电压辅助调节电网频率的方法 WO2014063413A1 (zh)

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CN107528351A (zh) * 2017-10-10 2017-12-29 赫普科技发展（北京）有限公司 一种用于火电厂的基于电压缩热泵的电网调频系统
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