WO2014062467A1 - Procédé de positionnement et de dimensionnement de fissures par fatigue - Google Patents

Procédé de positionnement et de dimensionnement de fissures par fatigue Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2014062467A1
WO2014062467A1 PCT/US2013/064245 US2013064245W WO2014062467A1 WO 2014062467 A1 WO2014062467 A1 WO 2014062467A1 US 2013064245 W US2013064245 W US 2013064245W WO 2014062467 A1 WO2014062467 A1 WO 2014062467A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
crack
sensors
tofd
pas
wall thickness
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2013/064245
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2014062467A9 (fr
Inventor
Wilmer-Jose BUSTILLOS
Original Assignee
Shell Oil Company
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Oil Company, Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. filed Critical Shell Oil Company
Priority to EP13846392.2A priority Critical patent/EP2906906A1/fr
Priority to AU2013331676A priority patent/AU2013331676A1/en
Publication of WO2014062467A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014062467A1/fr
Publication of WO2014062467A9 publication Critical patent/WO2014062467A9/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • G01B17/04—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by vibrating string
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
    • G01N29/0654—Imaging
    • G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
    • G01N29/262—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by electronic orientation or focusing, e.g. with phased arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/025—Change of phase or condition
    • G01N2291/0258—Structural degradation, e.g. fatigue of composites, ageing of oils

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for detecting and determining the size of fatigue cracks in steel components.
  • the invention is useful for inspecting welds and base metal for fatigue cracks.
  • a conventional method to inspect steel components for cracks using Phased Array Sectorial (PAS) and Time-of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD), is to collect data in the area of interest with a scanner where the PAS and TOFD sensors have been installed. Once the inspection is completed, the signals obtained from the PAS and TOFD sensors are
  • FIG. 1 shows a diagram indicating the crack ends signals for a crack connected to the surface of the material as shown by PAS and TOFD.
  • Figure 1 shows a PAS diagram of the inspection setup and a typical signal obtained.
  • the setup shows the PAS sensor 101 positioned on the scan surface 102 of a test block 104.
  • the ultrasonic beam 105 interacts with the crack 106.
  • the crack tip 107 and the corner trap 109 generate the crack tip signal 108 and the corner trap signal 110 which identify the presence of the crack.
  • FIG. 2 shows a TOFD diagram of the inspection setup and the signal obtained.
  • the setup shows the TOFD emitter sensor 201 and the receiving sensor 202 which are positioned on the scan surface 203 of a test block 204.
  • the ultrasonic beam 205 inside the test block 204 generates two main beam components known as the lateral wave 206 and the back wall echo 207.
  • the ultrasonic beam 205 interacts with the crack 208 generating the crack signal 209 in the TOFD image. Also, in the TOFD image, one can observe the lateral wave 206 and the back wall echo 207.
  • the invention provides a method of detecting and determining the size of fatigue cracks in steel components comprising: analyzing the component using a Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) ultrasonic technique to locate the crack tip; analyzing the component using a Phased Array Sectorial (PAS) ultrasonic technique to locate the crack corner trap; and calculating the distance between the crack tip and the crack corner trap to determine the height of the crack.
  • TOFD Time of Flight Diffraction
  • PAS Phased Array Sectorial
  • Figure 1 depicts a diagram of the PAS setup and a typical signal obtained.
  • Figure 2 depicts a diagram of the TOFD setup and a typical signal obtained.
  • Figure 3 depicts the breaking of the lateral wave by an open crack such as an environmental crack.
  • Figure 4 depicts the continuity of the lateral wave through a tight fatigue crack.
  • Figure 5 depicts the PAS reflected wave from the corner trap of the crack shown in
  • Figure 6 depicts an embodiment of the TOFD setup using two pairs of sensors.
  • the invention provides a new inspection methodology developed to detect and size fatigue cracks connected to the surface of steel components by interpreting the combined set of ultrasonic signals from ultrasonic techniques in a new way.
  • the invention takes advantage of the complementary behaviour shown by the Phased Array Sectorial (PAS) technique and the Time-of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD) technique in the detection and sizing of fatigue cracks.
  • PAS Phased Array Sectorial
  • TOFD Time-of-Flight Diffraction
  • the lateral wave 301 is prevented from reaching the receiving sensor 304, indicating the presence of a defect connected with the scansurface 306, possibly a crack.
  • the lateral wave 401 still reaches the receiving sensor 404 through the crack 403.
  • Tight fatigue cracks reflect waves at the crack corner traps. These reflected waves provide a more reliable evidence of the presence of a crack than the search for the absence of transmitted signals.
  • Figure 5 shows the PAS reflected wave from the corner trap 501 of the crack shown in Figure 4. The tightness of the crack 403 did not prevent the ultrasonic signal from being reflected at the corner trap position 501, indicating that there is a defect at the component scan surface 502, possibly a crack, producing the reflection.
  • Fatigue cracks can generate multiple diffracted signals from the crack faces in addition to the diffracted signal from the crack tip.
  • the crack tip diffracted signal 402 is shown accompanied by other diffracted signals 406 coming from the faces of the crack.
  • the multiplicity of diffracted signals can obscure the selection of the correct tip diffraction signal. It is necessary to identify the real crack tip signal.
  • the diffracted signals from a fatigue crack can be weak and therefore their amplitude can fall below the detection threshold for PAS.
  • Figure 5 shows the PAS signal of the same crack detected by TOFD in Figure 4. Where TOFD could detect the crack tip diffracted signal, PAS could not.
  • the inspection methodology for detecting and sizing fatigue cracks that are connected to the surface of a component comprises the following steps.
  • the component is analyzed using the PAS technique and the TOFD technique.
  • the resulting signals from the PAS technique are used to detect a corner trap.
  • the lateral wave and back wall echo signals from the TOFD technique are ignored for the purpose of detecting a corner trap. If the PAS technique does not detect a corner trap then there is no crack connected to the surface of the component.
  • the signals from the TOFD technique are used to detect a crack tip.
  • the diffracted signal from the PAS technique is ignored for the purpose of detecting the crack tip.
  • the TOFD technique gives multiple diffracted signals, and in these cases the correct tip diffraction signal can be determined according to the following rules.
  • the tip diffraction signal 402 will be given by the diffracted signal farthest from the lateral wave 401 or closest to the back wall echo 405.
  • the tip diffraction signal will be given by the diffracted signal closest to the lateral wave or farthest from the back wall echo 405.
  • lateral wave removal software may be used to remove the lateral wave and detect a possible diffracted signal embedded in the lateral wave.
  • the methodology is applied to detect and size fatigue cracks in a component having a wall thickness between about 0.75 inches (1.91 cm) and 1.25 inches (3.18 cm).
  • the preferred setup to detect and size fatigue cracks in such a component will be described here and is illustrated in Figure 1.
  • the PAS technique comprises using a linear sensor with 16 or more elements.
  • the preferred frequency is 10 MHz and the sensor size is 0.9 inch (2.29 cm) by 0.6 inch (1.52 cm).
  • the scan direction is from the opposite surface 103 to the scan surface 102, and the scan is performed with the first reflection from the opposite surface 103.
  • the inspection is preferably performed from each side of the weld.
  • the TOFD technique comprises using two pairs of sensors, with each pair working in an emitter-receiver configuration.
  • the first pair 601 uses an ultrasonic frequency of 20 MHz and a focusing depth of 1/4 of the wall thickness.
  • the second pair 602 uses an ultrasonic frequency of 10 MHz and a focusing depth of 3/4 of the wall thickness. All of the sensors have a diameter of 1/4 inch (0.64 cm).
  • the PAS technique is used to detect crack corner traps at the scan surface and at the opposite surface.
  • the first TOFD sensor pair 601 as shown in Figure 6, is used to detect crack tips located within the 40% of the wall thickness 605 nearest to the scan surface 603 regardless of whether the crack is connected to the scan surface 603 or the opposite surface 604. This region of the wall thickness is indicated as 606.
  • the second TOFD sensor pair 602 is used to detect crack tips located within the 60% of the wall thickness 605 farthest from the scan surface regardless of whether the crack is connected to the scan surface 603 or the opposite surface 604. This region of wall thickness is indicated as 607.
  • Figure 6 also shows the area covered by each pair of transducers. The figure shows cracks initiated at the scan surface and the opposite surface. The procedure used to find the corner traps and crack tips is as described above.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un procédé de détection et de détermination de la dimension de fissures par fatigue dans des composants en acier comprenant : analyser le composant à l'aide d'une technique ultrasonore de diffraction en temps de vol (TOFD) pour positionner le fond de fissure ; analyser le composant à l'aide d'une technique ultrasonore sectorielle à réseau piloté en phase (PAS) pour positionner le piège de coin de fissure ; et calculer la distance entre le fond de fissure et le piège de coin de fissure pour déterminer la dimension de la fissure.
PCT/US2013/064245 2012-10-15 2013-10-10 Procédé de positionnement et de dimensionnement de fissures par fatigue WO2014062467A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13846392.2A EP2906906A1 (fr) 2012-10-15 2013-10-10 Procédé de positionnement et de dimensionnement de fissures par fatigue
AU2013331676A AU2013331676A1 (en) 2012-10-15 2013-10-10 A method of locating and sizing fatigue cracks

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201261713686P 2012-10-15 2012-10-15
US61/713,686 2012-10-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014062467A1 true WO2014062467A1 (fr) 2014-04-24
WO2014062467A9 WO2014062467A9 (fr) 2014-11-06

Family

ID=50488655

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2013/064245 WO2014062467A1 (fr) 2012-10-15 2013-10-10 Procédé de positionnement et de dimensionnement de fissures par fatigue

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2906906A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2013331676A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014062467A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104439747A (zh) * 2014-11-13 2015-03-25 国家电网公司 一种检测识别p92钢焊缝金属微细裂纹的方法
US9037419B2 (en) 2011-05-10 2015-05-19 Edison Welding Institute, Inc. Portable matrix phased array spot weld inspection system
US9063059B2 (en) 2011-05-10 2015-06-23 Edison Welding Institute, Inc. Three-dimensional matrix phased array spot weld inspection system
CN104850683A (zh) * 2015-04-20 2015-08-19 重庆大学 基于弱形式求积元法计算材料裂纹尖端应力场系数的方法
CN104914161A (zh) * 2015-06-10 2015-09-16 西安金果能源动力设备检测有限公司 一种基于相控阵技术的联箱接管管座孔内壁裂纹检测方法
CN105021708A (zh) * 2015-08-12 2015-11-04 武汉中科创新技术股份有限公司 可单人使用的可视化超声波tofd焊缝检测系统
JP2016145757A (ja) * 2015-02-09 2016-08-12 三菱電機株式会社 超音波診断装置
JP2017075866A (ja) * 2015-10-15 2017-04-20 東京理学検査株式会社 測定装置および測定方法
CN107576729A (zh) * 2017-09-15 2018-01-12 南京中车浦镇城轨车辆有限责任公司 基于超声相控阵的焊缝缺陷检测和快速提取系统及方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104792866A (zh) * 2015-04-02 2015-07-22 深圳市神视检验有限公司 一种基于tofd和相控阵的超声波检测定位方法、装置
CN105628791A (zh) * 2016-02-03 2016-06-01 安徽鸿路钢结构(集团)股份有限公司 K型结构的钢管桁架相贯节点焊接检测方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040020296A1 (en) * 2002-07-30 2004-02-05 Michael Moles Phased array ultrasonic NDT system for fastener inspections
US20070000328A1 (en) * 2005-01-06 2007-01-04 Jonathan Buttram Ultrasonic method for the accurate measurement of crack height in dissimilar metal welds using phased array
US7168322B2 (en) * 2002-06-17 2007-01-30 L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme à Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Method for ultrasonic control of weld joints
EP2477042A1 (fr) * 2011-01-17 2012-07-18 Université Montpellier 2 Sciences et Techniques Procédé et dispositif pour mesurer la distance et l'orientation au moyen d'un transducteur électro-acoustique unique

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7168322B2 (en) * 2002-06-17 2007-01-30 L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme à Directoire et Conseil de Surveillance pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Method for ultrasonic control of weld joints
US20040020296A1 (en) * 2002-07-30 2004-02-05 Michael Moles Phased array ultrasonic NDT system for fastener inspections
US20070000328A1 (en) * 2005-01-06 2007-01-04 Jonathan Buttram Ultrasonic method for the accurate measurement of crack height in dissimilar metal welds using phased array
EP2477042A1 (fr) * 2011-01-17 2012-07-18 Université Montpellier 2 Sciences et Techniques Procédé et dispositif pour mesurer la distance et l'orientation au moyen d'un transducteur électro-acoustique unique

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MOLES, MICHAEL: "Portable Phased Array Applications", NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING AUSTRALIA, CITESEER, vol. 45, no. 3, 30 November 2005 (2005-11-30), pages 1 - 18, XP055198115 *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9037419B2 (en) 2011-05-10 2015-05-19 Edison Welding Institute, Inc. Portable matrix phased array spot weld inspection system
US9063059B2 (en) 2011-05-10 2015-06-23 Edison Welding Institute, Inc. Three-dimensional matrix phased array spot weld inspection system
CN104439747A (zh) * 2014-11-13 2015-03-25 国家电网公司 一种检测识别p92钢焊缝金属微细裂纹的方法
JP2016145757A (ja) * 2015-02-09 2016-08-12 三菱電機株式会社 超音波診断装置
CN104850683A (zh) * 2015-04-20 2015-08-19 重庆大学 基于弱形式求积元法计算材料裂纹尖端应力场系数的方法
CN104914161A (zh) * 2015-06-10 2015-09-16 西安金果能源动力设备检测有限公司 一种基于相控阵技术的联箱接管管座孔内壁裂纹检测方法
CN105021708A (zh) * 2015-08-12 2015-11-04 武汉中科创新技术股份有限公司 可单人使用的可视化超声波tofd焊缝检测系统
JP2017075866A (ja) * 2015-10-15 2017-04-20 東京理学検査株式会社 測定装置および測定方法
CN107576729A (zh) * 2017-09-15 2018-01-12 南京中车浦镇城轨车辆有限责任公司 基于超声相控阵的焊缝缺陷检测和快速提取系统及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2013331676A1 (en) 2015-04-02
EP2906906A1 (fr) 2015-08-19
WO2014062467A9 (fr) 2014-11-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2014062467A9 (fr) Procédé de positionnement et de dimensionnement de fissures par fatigue
CN105987950B (zh) 超声波探伤系统、超声波探伤方法及航空器零件制造方法
US10253615B2 (en) Method and a system for ultrasonic inspection of well bores
JPH0352908B2 (fr)
CA2856738C (fr) Donnees d'ondes de lamb soumises a un traitement de signal pour inspecter un tuyau
CN107449829A (zh) 一种对接焊缝无损检测验收方法
CA2806482A1 (fr) Procede pour inspection ultrasonore de soudures
US6925881B1 (en) Time shift data analysis for long-range guided wave inspection
KR101830461B1 (ko) 기계 부품 내부에 존재하는 결함의 방향을 측정하기 위한 방법 및 그 장치
Cawley Guided waves in long range nondestructive testing and structural health monitoring: Principles, history of applications and prospects
KR20100124238A (ko) 위상배열 초음파 탐상을 위한 보정(대비)시험편 및 보정절차
JP4410037B2 (ja) 超音波探傷方法および超音波探傷装置
Aldrin et al. Investigations of pitch-catch angled-beam ultrasonic NDE for characterization of hidden regions of impact damage in composites
JP4738243B2 (ja) 超音波探傷システム
Puchot et al. Inspection technique for above ground storage tank floors using MsS technology
Hesse et al. Defect detection in rails using ultrasonic surface waves
Aulin et al. Comparison of non-destructive examination techniques for crack inspection
JP2014070968A (ja) 超音波検査装置および超音波検査方法
KR100814089B1 (ko) 탐촉자 병렬 연결 방식을 이용한 관 이음 융착부 검사장치및 그 방법
Krieg et al. A novel EMAT crack detection and coating disbondment (RoCD2) ILI technology
KR101883987B1 (ko) 초음파의 비선형 특성을 이용한 영상화 장치 및 방법
Starman et al. Real implementation of ultrasonic phased array Technology using advanced signal processing algorithms
BLOODWORTH et al. Using Phase Relationships in Non-Symmetric ToFD Configurations
KR101561038B1 (ko) 곡률보정 TOFD(Time of Flight Diffraction)초음파 웨지를 이용한 원자로 하부관통관 초음파 검사법
Shiroshita et al. A flaw sizing technique for austenitic stainless steel welds using creeping wave probe

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 13846392

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

REEP Request for entry into the european phase

Ref document number: 2013846392

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2013846392

Country of ref document: EP

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2013331676

Country of ref document: AU

Date of ref document: 20131010

Kind code of ref document: A

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE