Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
  • B63G7/00—Mine-sweeping; Vessels characterised thereby
  • B63G7/02—Mine-sweeping means, Means for destroying mines
  • B63G7/06—Mine-sweeping means, Means for destroying mines of electromagnetic type
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
  • B63B21/56—Towing or pushing equipment
  • B63B21/66—Equipment specially adapted for towing underwater objects or vessels, e.g. fairings for tow-cables
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
  • B63G9/00—Other offensive or defensive arrangements on vessels against submarines, torpedoes, or mines
  • B63G9/06—Other offensive or defensive arrangements on vessels against submarines, torpedoes, or mines for degaussing vessels
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
  • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
  • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
  • B66D1/02—Driving gear
  • B66D1/12—Driving gear incorporating electric motors
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
  • B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
  • B66D1/00—Rope, cable, or chain winding mechanisms; Capstans
  • B66D1/28—Other constructional details
  • B66D1/40—Control devices
  • B66D1/48—Control devices automatic
  • B66D1/485—Control devices automatic electrical

Definitions

• the field of the invention is that of the naval warfare, and more particularly the implementation of a device adapted to wind, unroll and lock in winding and unwinding a cable around the drum of a winch.
• a winch can be loaded aboard a minesweeper such as a minesweeper or dragger to roll up and unroll a mine warfare cable such as a sonar or a simulation device a magnetic and / or acoustic signature. Such a winch is used to launch, tow and recover the mine warfare device.
• Magnetic signature means the level of magnetic field generated by the ship at a point located at a predetermined distance from the ship. Limiting the magnetic signature of the ships below a certain threshold makes it possible to avoid the triggering of mines at the passage of the ship since these are triggered classically on detection of a magnetic field higher than a predetermined threshold.
• An object of the invention is to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
• the applicant proposes to make an electric winch, that is to say a winch whose means for driving the drum in rotation relative to the frame of the winch comprise an electric motor.
• This type of winch overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks since they are compact, easy to control by means of control electronics, control by means of electronic control and easier to maintain a hydraulic power plant.
• the applicant proposes to make a device for winding and unwinding of a cable comprising electromagnetic locking / unlocking means for immobilizing and releasing the drum in rotation relative to the frame of the winch which is stationary relative to the ship.
• an electromagnetic brake is, by nature, the source of a strong magnetic field and has a significant magnetic signature incompatible with the use of the winch in a context of mine warfare. It conventionally comprises an induction coil which generates a strong magnetic field when traversed by a current.
• the invention relates to a device for winding and unwinding a cable comprising a winch comprising a frame, drive means and a drum, the drive means comprising an electric motor for driving a drum rotating relative to the frame, means for locking / unlocking the drum in rotation with respect to the frame for immobilizing and releasing the drum in rotation with respect to the frame, the locking / unlocking means comprising a first bobbin induction, called blocking / unblocking.
• the locking / unlocking means are configured so as to immobilize the drum relative to the frame when the locking / unlocking coil is not electrically powered, the device further comprising a second induction coil, called a negative feedback coil, said feedback coil being electrically powered, dimensioned and arranged so that the magnetic field produced by the assembly formed by the blocking and feedback coils, when the locking / unlocking coil is electrically powered is less than the field magnetic produced by the locking / unlocking coil at a point at a distance at least equal to a predetermined threshold (greater than 0) of the winch, energizing and disconnecting the power supply of the feedback coil being synchronized with the powering on and the cutting off of the power supply of the locking / unlocking coil.
• a second induction coil called a negative feedback coil
• This solution makes it possible to at least partially compensate for the magnetic field generated by the remote locking / unlocking coil of the winch.
• the feedback coil limits the magnetic signature of the device away from the winch.
• the device according to the invention thus generates a magnetic field lower than that of the winch. It can thus be used in a mine warfare context aboard a mine warship.
• This solution also makes it possible to ensure that when the locking / unlocking coil is electrically powered, the magnetic field it generates is at least partially compensated regardless of the value of the current flowing through the locking / unlocking coil. It should be noted that the electric field generated by the locking / unlocking coil is variable because there are at least two phases of use of the winch in which the drum is immobilized or moving (to wind or unroll the drum). cable).
• the feedback coil and the locking / unlocking coil are powered by the same generator.
• This advantageous solution makes it possible to at least partially compensate for the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic brake as soon as the locking / unlocking coil is electrically powered and does not require means for synchronizing the generation of a magnetic field by the two coils.
• the synchronization is automatically performed because of the supply of the two coils by the same generator.
• this solution does not require a generator specifically dedicated to the reduction of the magnetic signature which lightens the device.
• the feedback coil is connected in series with the locking / unlocking coil.
• the product N1 * S1 is substantially equal to the product N2 * S2 where N1 is the number of turns of the locking / unblocking coil, N2 is the number of turns of the feedback coil, S1 is the surface of the turns of the locking / unlocking coil and S2 is the surface of the turns of the feedback coil.
• the feedback coil is electrically powered by a second generator and the device comprises means for synchronizing the powering on and the breaking of the power supply of the feedback coil with the powering up and the breaking respectively. the power supply of the locking / unlocking coil.
• the feedback coil is arranged so that the first current flowing in the locking coil / unblocking the second current flowing in the feedback coil circulate in the opposite direction.
• the locking / unblocking and feedback coils are coaxial.
• the feedback coil is dimensioned and arranged so as not to disturb the operation of the locking / unlocking means.
• the feedback and braking coils are spaced along the axis of the locking / unlocking coil.
• the section of the conductive wire constituting the winding of the feedback coil, its length and the material in which it is made are chosen so that the resistance of the feedback coil is at least 10 times less than the resistance of the locking / unlocking coil.
• the device comprises means for compensating at least partially at a point outside the vicinity of the winch the magnetic field generated by the permanent residual magnetization of the winch from the power supply of the locking / unlocking coils and against reaction so as to release the drum without exerting a braking torque thereon.
• the means for compensating at least partially the magnetic field generated by the permanent residual magnetization of the winch comprise a permanent magnetization assembly comprising at least one permanent magnet.
• the device comprises at least one permanent magnet having a north-south axis parallel to the axis of the locking / unlocking coil.
• the device comprises a third coil mounted to be continuously supplied by an additional generator capable of generating a direct current, the dimensioning and the arrangement of the third coil being determined so as to compensate at least partially at a point outside the vicinity of the winch, the magnetic field generated by the permanent residual magnetization of the winch from the power supply of the blocking and feedback coils so as to release the drum without exerting a braking torque thereon.
• the subject of the invention is also a mine warfare equipment comprising a minesweeper on which is embarked a device according to the invention, said device further comprising said towing cable and a mine warfare device such as a sonar or a device for simulating the magnetic and / or acoustic signature.
• a mine warfare equipment comprising a minesweeper on which is embarked a device according to the invention, said device further comprising said towing cable and a mine warfare device such as a sonar or a device for simulating the magnetic and / or acoustic signature.
• FIG. 1 schematically represents a ship equipped with a device according to the invention
• FIG. 2 diagrammatically represents the elements of the device according to the invention
• FIG. 3 diagrammatically represents the elements of an example of locking / unlocking means
• FIG. 4 schematically represents the magnetic fields produced by the locking / unlocking and feedback coils on the axis of the coils in the case where they are coaxial as represented in FIG. 2,
• FIG. 5 schematically represents a series connection of the blocking / unlocking and feedback coils
• FIG. 6 schematically shows a parallel assembly of the coils / lock and release and feedback.
• FIG. 1 there is shown a vessel 2 equipped with a device for winding and unwinding a cable according to the invention.
• This device comprises a winch 1 installed on a mine warship 2 towing a device 3 of mine warfare by means of a towing cable 4 arranged so that it can be wound around the winch 1.
• the water plane is represented in phantom lines.
• the mine warfare device 3 is an active sonar realized in the form of a transmitting antenna and receiving volume.
• This device could be any other type of sonar or a device for simulating the magnetic and / or acoustic signature of a ship. These devices make it possible to simulate the magnetic field or the acoustic waves generated by a ship, away from the ship so as to cause an explosion of any mines at a distance from the ship.
• the winch 1 is dimensioned so as to be able to wind around a drum 6 visible in FIG. 2, unwind and lock in winding and unwinding the towing cable 4 so as to be able to recover, put to sea and respectively maintain in position operational, as shown in Figure 1, or storage, the mine warfare device 3.
• the winch 1 comprises a frame 5 and the drum 6 rotatable relative to the frame 5, about a first axis x1. It also comprises drive means of the drum 6 comprising an electric motor 7 for driving the drum 6 in rotation relative to the frame about the first axis x1.
• the drive means also comprise a coupling device 8 of the motor 7 and the drum 6 to transform a rotor rotation movement 1 0, visible in FIG. 3, of the motor 7 with respect to the chassis 5, around a second x2 axis which is, for example but not necessarily, perpendicular to the axis x1, in a rotational movement of the drum about the axis x1.
• the coupling means 8 comprise, for example, a chain or a belt or a gearbox. The skilled person knows how to perform this type of coupling in a multitude of technical means.
• the winch 1 also comprises locking / unlocking means 9. These locking / unlocking means 9 comprise an electromagnet comprising a first induction coil 90 called a locking / unlocking coil and visible in FIG. 3, mounted to be powered by means power supply comprising a generator 1 1.
• the generator 1 1 can be integrated into the winch as is the case in Figure 2. In Figure 2, it is secured to the frame 5. It is more precisely integrated in a housing or cabinet 12 secured to the frame 5. In alternatively, the generator is deported on the ship, for example in a cabinet.
• the generator 1 1 makes it possible to generate a direct current.
• the DC current can be constant or a unidirectional variable current that can have several values or be rectified AC.
• the locking / unlocking means 9 are locking means / deblocking said lack of current. This is called parking brake. They are configured to immobilize the drum relative to the frame when the coil 90 is not electrically powered. In other words, they exert a braking torque on the drum 6 when the unlocking locking coil is not electrically powered. The braking torque serves to immobilize the drum 6 relative to the frame 5 of the winch.
• They are furthermore configured so as to release the drum 6 in rotation around the axis x1 when the first coil 90 is electrically powered by the generator without exerting a braking torque on the drum 6.
• the locking / unlocking means 9 are advantageously arranged so that the braking torque exerted on the drum 6 is generated by a first braking torque exerted on the rotor 10.
• This type of locking / unlocking means is conventional for the skilled person who can implement different means to achieve them.
• FIG. 3 shows an example of current-free blocking / unlocking means 9 arranged so that the braking torque exerted on the drum 6 is generated by a first braking torque exerted on the rotor 10 whose value depends on the magnetic field created by the locking / unlocking coil 90.
• the locking / unlocking means 9 comprise a locking / unlocking coil 90 integral with the frame 5 of the winch. They also comprise a disc 91 made of a magnetic material, for example steel or another metal, locked in rotation, relative to the frame 5, around the second axis x2, and able to move along the second axis x2 under the effect of the magnetic field created by the coil 90. It is arranged to bear on the rotor 10 in the absence of voltage across the coil 90 and thus create a first braking torque on the rotor 1 0 which immobilizes the rotor in rotation around the first axis x1. This torque is reflected on the drum 6 via the coupling means 8 and the drum 6 is immobilized.
• the disk 91 is arranged so that in the presence of voltage across the blocking / unlocking coil 90, under the effect of the first magnetic field generated by the locking / unlocking coil 90, it is attracted by the coil 90 of way to abut against it and no longer exert braking force on the rotor 1 0. The rotor can then rotate unhindered, the drum 6 is released in rotation and the coil does not exert braking force on the drum 6.
• the electromagnet may consist of the first coil 90 or also include a core of soft ferromagnetic material.
• the disc 91 can be held against the rotor 10 by a spring.
• the first magnetic field opposes the force exerted by the spring so as to bring the disk 91 against the coil 90 so as to release the rotor and the drum in rotation.
• the force required to move the disk 91 is important which requires feeding the first coil with a strong current which is the origin of the generation of a large magnetic field by the brake coil 90.
• the device also includes means for reducing the winch signature. These means comprise a second coil 1 00, called the counter-reaction. Otherwise the winch is equipped with a feedback reel.
• the feedback coil 100 is electrically powered, dimensioned and arranged so that the module, ie the intensity of the magnetic field produced by the assembly formed by the locking / unlocking coils 90 and countercurrent. Reaction 100 when the lock / unlock coil is electrically powered is less than the modulus of the magnetic field produced by the lock / unlock coil 90 at a point at a distance at least equal to a predetermined distance threshold.
• the powering on and the cutting off of the power supply of the feedback coil 100 are synchronized with the switching on and the cutting off of the power supply of the locking / unlocking coil 90.
• the feedback coil 100 is configured to at least partially compensate for the magnetic field generated by the coil / winch remote locking / unlocking coil, when the locking / unlocking coil is electrically energized. .
• the distance threshold is a distance threshold ensuring that the point is distant from the winch and preferably from the ship to which it is attached.
• the distance threshold is for example equal to 10m.
• the feedback coil 100 is mounted to be electrically powered by said generator 1 January.
• the two coils are thus powered by the same generator.
• the device according to the invention does not require external energy input to the power supply of the winch. He is independent of the ship. The operations of mounting and dismounting such a device on the mine warship are therefore simple.
• the feedback coil is powered by means of a second generator different from the first generator.
• the device comprises means for synchronizing the powering on and the cutting off of the power supply of the feedback coil with the powering on and the cutting off of the power supply of the locking / unlocking coil respectively.
• an induction coil comprises an axis which passes through the center of the coil and extends substantially perpendicular to the plane in which extends a turn of the coil.
• a turn may have different shapes, for example a generally square or circular shape.
• the feedback coil 100 is mounted so that the first current M flowing in the locking / unlocking coil 90 flows and the second current i2 flowing in the feedback coil 100 circulates in the opposite direction. contrary.
• the feedback coil may be arranged to have a second winding of a second electrical conductor made in the opposite direction. first winding of a first electrical conductor forming the locking / unlocking coil 90.
• the feedback coil 100 is arranged so that its axis is parallel to the axis of the locking / unlocking coil 90.
• the feedback coil 1 00 is arranged to be coaxial with the locking / unlocking coil 90.
• the field vectors B1 and B2 magnetic generated by the respective two coils 90 and 100 at a point P of the axis of the coils oppose (for clarity, each coil is represented by a turn in Figure 4). This positioning makes it possible to obtain the best compensation since the fields generated by the coils are maximum on the axis of the coils.
• the x-axis of the coils is the first axis x1.
• the axis of the counter-feedback coil 100 coincides with the axis in which the intensity of the first magnetic field produced by the blocking / unlocking means is maximum. It is possible that this axis is offset with respect to the axis of the locking / unlocking coil 90.
• the feedback coil 1 00 is sized and arranged so that the module, ie the intensity of the magnetic field B generated by the assembly formed by the first and second coils 90, when energized in electricity by the generator 1 1 is smaller than the module, that is to say the intensity of the magnetic field produced by the first coil 90 at a point located at a distance at least equal to the distance threshold and on the axis coils.
• the feedback coil 100 is positioned to surround the drive means. More particularly, it is positioned so as to surround the motor 7.
• the drive means and the locking / unlocking means are arranged in a housing B or coupled assembly secured to the frame 5 shown in bold.
• the motor 7 and the locking / unlocking means 9 are shown in dotted lines because they are normally not visible since surrounded by the housing B.
• the feedback coil 1 00 is integral with said housing.
• the coil 100 is secured to the frame 5.
• the device according to the invention is then mechanically and electrically independent of the ship in the case where the generator 1 1 is also secured to the frame 5.
• the dimensioning of the coil 100 relates to the material of the conductive wire constituting the winding of the coil, the radius of the turns constituting the winding or its section and the number of turns of the winding.
• the respective coils 90, 100 are considered as sets comprising respective numbers N1 and N2 current turns coincident of respective centers C1 and C2 corresponding to the respective centers of the coils 90, 100.
• the first magnetic field B1 generated by the locking / unlocking coil 90 at a point P located on its axis is proportional to i1 * N1 * S1 / D1 3 where it is the current flowing in the locking / unlocking coil 90, N1 is the number of turns of the locking / unlocking coil 90, S1 is the area delimited by turns of the winding constituting the locking / unlocking coil and D1 is the distance between the point of the locking / unlocking coil 90.
• the second magnetic field B2 generated by the feedback coil at a point on its axis is proportional to i2 * N2 * S2 / D2 3 where i2 is the current flowing in the feedback coil, N2 is the number of turns of the feedback coil, S2 is the area delimited by the turns of the winding constituting the feedback coil and D2 is the distance between the point P of the feedback coil 100.
• the feedback coil 100 is connected in series with the locking / unlocking coil 90.
• the current flowing in the two coils 90, 1 00 is the same. This makes it easier to dimension the device.
• the blocking / unblocking and feedback coils are represented by inductances of first value L1 and second value L2, respectively, associated with a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2, respectively.
• the feedback coil 1 00 is sized and arranged so that the intensity of the magnetic field generated by the device at a point on the axis of the coils is less than a first predetermined intensity when the coils are powered by a predetermined current greater than zero and ensuring the release of the rotating drum.
• the locking / unlocking coil is advantageously dimensioned so that the product N1 * S1 is substantially equal to the product N2 * S2. This dimensioning makes it possible to obtain a good compromise between the effective compensation rate of the magnetic field and the ease of design.
• a counter-reaction coil 100 of predetermined surface is selected and installed on the winch 1. It is placed at a predetermined point P located at a great distance from the coils on the axis of the coils and then the number of turns of the winding constituting the feedback coil is varied until the modulus of the measured magnetic field at the point considered to be less than one first predetermined threshold for a predetermined current flowing in the locking / unlocking coil.
• N1 * S1 and N2 * S2 are then not equal but substantially equal because of the external disturbances notably due to the possible other components constituting the electromagnet (presence of magnetic materials inside the coil (core effect)) and due to the fact that the center of the coils is distant on the x2 axis and because the first threshold may be non-zero.
• substantially equal is meant that N1 * S1 and N2 * S2 are equal to a percentage between 5 and 10%.
• the feedback coil 100 is arranged and dimensioned so as not to disturb the operation of the locking / unlocking means.
• the position of the feedback coil is chosen so that when it is electrically powered with the predetermined current, the drum does not undergo braking force.
• the feedback coil 100 is advantageously arranged at a distance from the locking / unlocking means 9, that is to say that the ends of the counter-reaction and braking coils facing each other are spaced according to the axis of the locking / unlocking coil 90.
• the distance between the coils is greater than a second predetermined threshold between 5 times and 50 times the distance separating the locking / unlocking coil 90 and the magnetic element 91.
• distance separating the two coils is called the distance separating the adjacent (that is to say facing) ends of their respective windings, parallel to the axes of the coils.
• This embodiment is visible in FIG. 2, the locking / unlocking coil 1 00 winding the motor 7 and not the locking / unlocking means 9.
• the section of the conductive wire constituting the winding of the feedback coil 100, its length and its material are chosen so that the resistance of the feedback coil is at least 10 times lower than the resistance of the feedback coil.
• the locking / unlocking coil This makes it possible not to significantly reduce the current that the generator makes travel in the first coil.
• the section of the conductor wire constituting the winding of the feedback coil is greater than the section of the conductive wire constituting the winding of the locking / unlocking coil.
• the winch 1 will generate a third permanent magnetic field, due to the magnetization of the magnetic elements of the winch under the effect of the magnetic fields created by the coils.
• This third magnetic field is said to be permanent because it exists permanently, once the coils have been fed a first time by the generator.
• the device according to the invention advantageously comprises means 1 1 0 for compensating, at least partially, at a point situated outside the vicinity of the winch, preferably on the axis of the locking / unlocking coil, the magnetic field generated by the permanent residual magnetization of the winch 1 resulting from the power supply of the locking / unlocking and feedback coils with a current flowing in the locking / unlocking coil having made it possible to release the drum without exerting a braking torque on it this.
• these means are sized and arranged so that the intensity of the generator magnetic field by the winch 1 outside the near the winch, preferably on the axis of the locking coil / release, when the coils 90, 100 are not electrically powered by the generator 1 1, is less than a second predetermined magnetic field threshold (for example 5 to 10% of the intensity of the magnetic field created by the lock / unlock coil alone) after the generator 1 1 has supplied the locking / unlocking coil with a current which has made it possible to release the drum in rotation 6 without exerting a braking torque on it.
• a second predetermined magnetic field threshold for example 5 to 10% of the intensity of the magnetic field created by the lock / unlock coil alone
• these compensating means comprise a permanent magnet 1 10 positioned so as to have a north-south axis parallel to the axis of coils and having a plane of symmetry passing through the axis of the coils x1.
• This permanent magnet has for example a symmetry of revolution around the axis of the coils.
• This permanent magnet is integral with the frame 5. It is, in the embodiment of FIG. 5, contiguous, along the x axis, with the locking / unlocking means 9.
• these means comprise a permanent magnetization assembly comprising at least one permanent magnet, possibly several, the number and the respective positions are determined to compensate at least partially at a point outside the vicinity of the winch, the magnetic field generated by the permanent residual magnetization of the winch 1 resulting from the power supply of the locking / unlocking and feedback coils so as to release the drum without exerting a braking torque thereon.
• these means comprise a third coil mounted to be continuously supplied by an additional generator capable of generating a direct current, the dimensioning and the arrangement of the third coil being determined so as to compensate at least partially at a point situated in outside the vicinity of the winch, the magnetic field generated by the permanent residual magnetization of the winch 1 resulting from the power supply of the locking / unlocking and feedback coils so as to release the drum without exerting a braking torque on that -this.
• the third coil is coaxial with the first and second coils.
• the device comprises only the winch and the compensation means as described above. It may also include the tow rope and the mine warfare device.
• the invention also relates to a mine warfare equipment including a minesweeping ship on which is embarked a device according to the invention.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
• Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
• Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
• Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
• Storing, Repeated Paying-Out, And Re-Storing Of Elongated Articles (AREA)

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• 2012
  • 2012-10-18 FR FR1202786A patent/FR2997063B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2013
  • 2013-09-23 SG SG11201503037TA patent/SG11201503037TA/en unknown
  • 2013-09-23 JP JP2015537179A patent/JP6162248B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2013-09-23 US US14/436,808 patent/US10023280B2/en active Active
  • 2013-09-23 IN IN3247DEN2015 patent/IN2015DN03247A/en unknown
  • 2013-09-23 WO PCT/EP2013/069675 patent/WO2014060185A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2013-09-23 EP EP13766053.6A patent/EP2909083B1/fr active Active

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