WO2014054977A1

WO2014054977A1 - The method to create tornado and power plant based on it

Info

Publication number: WO2014054977A1
Application number: PCT/RU2013/000862
Authority: WO
Inventors: Aleksey Vladimirovich Danilin
Original assignee: Aleksey Vladimirovich Danilin
Priority date: 2012-10-02
Filing date: 2013-10-01
Publication date: 2014-04-10
Also published as: RU2012142299A

Abstract

The blocks of the upper vane 1 and the lower vane 2 are combined in a single vertical tower. In the middle of the tower placed a rotor with vanes 3. The air flow (wind) 4 is sent by spiral which twisted in one direction, towards the middle of the tower. Through the rotor vanes the output flow 5 moves from the tower at a higher speed through the smaller area and rotates the rotor. The increasing of output flow speed is achieved by creating an artificial tornado around the central axis of the tower. Tornado has a single low pressure air area 6, and two high-pressure air areas 7 and 8. The divider of pressure areas 9 has a cylindrical shape with concave surfaces that directs the air flow from areas of high pressure to rotor vanes.

Description

The method to create tornado and power plant based on it.

The invention relates to a source of electrical energy obtained from solar and wind energy by artificial tornado. The power plant consists of a battery of thermal energy in the form of a thermally insulated pool with a transparent roof and tower with aerodynamic components for converting solar and wind energy into electrical energy.

The device is similar to many such systems previously described in patents and articles (for example: a new approach to the Tornado Wind Energy Conversion System presented to the 7th World Wind Energy Conference 2008, RU 2013655 C1 ,

30.05.1994, RU 2059881 , WO 03004868 , EP 1458972, US 2004/0240984 A1 ,

US4309146,). Common to all these technical solutions is a tornado within the tower. An area of high or low pressure of tornado acts directly on the vanes of various types for transmitting energy of rotation to the power generator. A common drawback of these solutions is the limited by the tower height air vortex, or such location of the rotor in a vortex that destroys its structure, or insufficiently rapid rotation of the vortex.

The closest analogue is the device of U.S. Patent US4452562. Described device in this patent consists of two cylindrical parts and a fan attached between them. An energy gets from swirling air flow. The cylinders have slits for direct air flow supplying to the vortex swirl. The disadvantages of this device is the location of the rotor in the area of the vortex rotation. Such location damages the vortex structure. Also, the method of growth speed rate of vertical movement and rotation of the vortex is not clear, because there is not a large pressure difference between the top and bottom of the device.

The object of the invention is continuous production of electricity from renewable solar and wind sources in a single device.

The solution of this object is achieved this way:

there is a tower with upper and lower fixed parts with a cylindrical shape. The linear flow of air (wind), which can flow on either side, enters the upper and lower parts.

Between them placed a movable cylindrical rotor with vanes. The estimated area of low pressure artificial tornado will have a vertical cylindrical shape on the axis of the tower. At the bottom of this area is a spiral through which heated air flows swirling. The upper end of the low pressure area will be at the height where the ambient pressure equal to the pressure in this low pressure area.

This height will exceed the height of the tower at several sizes. Around the low pressure area is a high pressure area of rotary air. In the middle of the tower is located divider of pressure areas in the form of a solid cylindrical shape. At the axis of the fulcrum, it has a cylindrical hole whose diameter corresponds to the diameter of the low pressure area (imitation "eye of tornado"). To achieve the lossless in airflow reaching the rotor vanes, it is limited by two cylindrical surfaces (upper and lower), the outer edges of which are separated by a minimum clearance from the edges of the rotor and the inner edges correspond to the diameter of high pressure. Construction of the rotor structure resembles a centrifugal fan of large sizes.

The vertical vanes of the upper part of the tower directs incoming air (wind) in a circle (e.g., counterclockwise), and horizontal vanes directs air down towards the center of the tower. Lower part of the tower spins flowing air (wind) in the same direction as the upper part (counterclockwise) but directs it upwards to the center of the tower.

For the first time airflows slowly swirling and the pressure drop between the areas of the tornado is very small, but it exists. High pressure during rotation slightly exceeds the atmospheric pressure around the tower, and air begins to emerge from the tower through the rotor vanes. This speeds up the vertical movement of the high pressure areas to the middle of the tower.

Circular holes for the high pressure area is less than the diameter of the tower. With increasing speed in these holes, the flow speed of rotation is necessary to increase (as you drain the water from the bathroom). During the increasing of the rotational speed increases the pressure difference between tornado regions. This leads to a further increasing of the vertical movement speed. Equilibrium occurs when most of the air entering the tower go out through the rotor vanes.

The differential pressure of 10 kPa between the high pressure area and the

atmosphere causes air speed of about 30 m / s (LG. Loitsyansky "The mechanics of fluid and gas" Moscow, "Nauka", 1987, page 115, Table. 2). At these speeds of the outflow the movable part of device, rotor with vanes, is smaller than the fixed part receiving the wind. A tornado inside and outside the tower provide the concentration of the airflow energy. Moreover, colder (more dense) air gets in the region of the

downward rotational flow from a great height, which increases the vertical speed of the high-pressure area moving down.

The rotor has not central axis and rotates at the guiding wheels.

Permanent magnets for power generator also attached to the rotor diameter. Also there is an additional magnetic suspension of rotor at the basis of the permanent magnets to unload stress on guides wheels. If the wind speed falls below the nominal speed then the lower high pressure area feeds by warm air passed through the heat exchanger in the insulated pool where the water is heated through the transparent sun roof or a heating element (the heating element turns on when the wind speed above the nominal). Accumulation of heat in the pool provides continuity and stability of power even during prolonged absence of wind. The operating time of power plant without wind power is determined by the size of the pool and the initial temperature of the water in it.

The announced combination of components and connections can solve the tasks of the invention by converting the wind and solar energy into thermal and electrical energy.

The studying of the known technical solutions in this set of features which distinguish the claimed invention was not detected. This solution differs substantially from the other solutions, explicitly does not results from the technical level, and, accordingly, has an inventive step.

The claimed solution can be achieved with modern tools and materials, and has an industrial application.

Below figures shows the components and working method of the device.

Figure 1 - General view of the tower.

Figure 2 - section of the rotor, and a divider in the middle of the bounding surfaces of the tower.

Figure 3 - the device in different operation modes:

- the upper picture of the figure shows the operation mode of the power plant in the absence or low wind speed;

- The lower picture shows the operation mode of the power plant at a strong wind At the figures you can see:

1. The upper block of stator vanes.

2. The lower unit of stator vanes.

3. Rotor vanes.

4. The input airflow (wind).

5. The output airflow.

6. An area of low air pressure.

7. The upper area of high pressure air.

8. The lower area of high pressure air.

9. Divider of pressure areas.

10. The cylindrical surface of the funnel shape. 11. The guide wheel.

12. Fixed base.

13. Permanent magnet.

14. Ferromagnetic core.

15. The winding of the core.

16. Insulated pool filled with water.

17. Solar radiation.

18. The flap.

19. Cold air.

20. Heat exchanger.

21. Warm air.

22. Spiral to tighten the air.

23. Electric heating element.

24. Voltage converter.

25. Consumer electricity supply network.

The working method of the device is that the blocks of the upper vane 1 and the lower vane 2 are combined in a single vertical tower. In the middle of the tower placed a rotor with vanes 3. The air flow (wind) 4 is sent by spiral which twisted in one direction, towards the middle of the tower. Through the rotor vanes the output flow 5 moves from the tower at a higher speed through the smaller area and rotates the rotor. The increasing of output flow speed is achieved by creating an artificial tornado around the central axis of the tower.

Tornado has a single low pressure air area 6, and two high-pressure air areas 7 and 8. The divider of pressure areas 9 has a cylindrical shape v/ith concave surfaces that directs the air flow from areas of high pressure to rotor vanes. The diameter of the central cylindrical hole in the divider corresponds to the outer diameter of the low pressure area.

The direction of air flow at the rotor vanes is only free in the direction of the lower pressure side and is bounded above and below by the funnel-shaped cylindrical surfaces 10. The central hole diameter of this surfaces corresponds to the outer diameter of high pressure areas. At high speed of the vertical high-pressure areas increases air speed rotation in these areas (like the sinking water from the bath). This leads to increasing the pressure in these areas (compared to atmospheric pressure). Presumably, natural tornado has the same operating principle. This is the principle of centrifugal pump produced inside the thundercloud by separating the high pressure from the low-pressure air areas in a rotating flow.

Guide wheels 11 are placed on the base 12 on the outer diameter of the rotor. Rollers held the rotor in a horizontal plane against displacement. The permanent magnet 13 fixed to the rotor and attracted by the poles to the ferromagnetic core 14 fixed to the base. The attractive force of the magnet holds the rotor in a vertical direction. This pairs "permanent magnet - a ferromagnetic core" are fixed over the whole diameter of the rotor. Each following permanent magnet has the opposite direction of magnetization. When the rotor is rotates, the AC voltage is appears at the windings 15. This AC voltage comes for further conversion and use by consumers.

For continuous power generation plant has a heat energy storage as heat insulated pool 16 filled with water. The pool has a transparent roof for water heating by solar radiation 17.

If there is no wind or it's weak, then open the valve 18 and the cold air 19 enters the heat exchanger 20. Here the air gets the temperature of warm or hot water. Warm air 21 enters to the tower and through the spiral 22 rising up, going through the vanes of the rotor. This movement of the warm flow initiates a counter flow of cold air through the general area of low pressure. Cold, more denser air enters the tower from a great height (heights of several towers), which increases the speed of the flow in a downward motion. Cold air is also sent to the rotor vanes and at increasing vertical velocity cold air increases the speed of its rotation. Outside the rotor warm air rises and cold falls down, restoring the balance condition of the atmosphere.

If the wind speed above rated speed the surplus of energy appears. In that case the shutter is closed and turns on the electric heating element 23 (using the surplus of energy). Then nominal part of the electricity generated by the transducer 24 is

transformed into a standard mains voltage and sent to the network 25, and the surplus electricity heats the water.

Currently started construction of the experimental device.

It has: diameter - 7 meters, height - 12 meters, the estimated power - 10 kW; rated wind speed for the formation of a tornado 11 m / s (increasing the size of the device will decrease the wind speed); calculated pressure drop in center of the tower about 1000 Pascal.

Claims

1. A method of creating a tornado based at swirling motion of the gas flow inside the tower, wherein the tower consists of two blocks of guide vanes which impart a rotary motion to the flow and simultaneously reciprocating movement above and below to the middle of the tower, where the high-pressure areas of rotating gas is separated from the total low pressure area by the pressure areas divider, and further move along the centrifugal path at the direction of smaller pressure outside the diameter of the tower, rotating rotor vanes on their way, and this movement limited by above and below surfaces designed to eliminate gas leaks past the rotor vanes and increasing the rotation speed of high pressure areas in their motion through the central holes of this surfaces.

2. The structure of power plant in the form of tower with vanes, storage of heat energy, rotating rotor with vanes, characterized in that the tower is formed from a two blocks with vanes and rotor with vanes in the form of a centrifugal fan between them, inside a flow restriction which produces two surfaces, the diameter of the central hole of which corresponds to the outer diameter of areas of high pressure in a rotating flow of gas, between said surfaces a pressure areas divider as a cylindrical body with a concave surfaces, the diameter of the central cylindrical hole in which corresponds to the diameter of the low pressure rotating gas flow, the thermal energy storage constructed by a heat-insulated basin filled with water, with a transparent roof for water heating by solar radiation,

the heat exchanger placed in the water through which the heated air enters the tower in the absence of wind, and an electric heating element, which turns on when the wind speed is above rated value, for generating electrical energy the permanent magnets is fixed at the rotor whose poles are attracted at a ferromagnetic cores, holding a rotor in the suspended condition and the horizontal displacement of the rotor is held by wheels, an AC voltage gets from ferromagnetic core windings when rotor rotates.