WO2014048032A1 - 柔性直流输电联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法及系统 - Google Patents
柔性直流输电联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法及系统 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014048032A1 WO2014048032A1 PCT/CN2012/086031 CN2012086031W WO2014048032A1 WO 2014048032 A1 WO2014048032 A1 WO 2014048032A1 CN 2012086031 W CN2012086031 W CN 2012086031W WO 2014048032 A1 WO2014048032 A1 WO 2014048032A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P13/00—Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P13/06—Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by tap-changing; by rearranging interconnections of windings
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- the invention relates to the technical field of flexible direct current transmission (VSC-HVDC), and particularly relates to a method and a system for adjusting an on-load tap changer of a flexible direct current transmission coupling transformer.
- the flexible application performance of flexible HVDC transmission technology has extremely broad application prospects in the fields of urban power grid interconnection, new energy grid connection and passive load supply.
- the coupling transformer is one of the core components of the flexible DC transmission system.
- the parameter design of the coupling transformer directly affects the operating performance of the system.
- the parameter design of the flexible DC link transformer is mostly concentrated on its rated ratio, and no related reports on the design and regulation of the transformer tap changer are found.
- the connecting transformer is the link between the energy exchange between the converter and the AC system in the flexible DC transmission system, and is the core component of the flexible DC transmission system.
- the parameters of the coupling transformer affect the operating characteristics of the converter station.
- the valve side voltage of the coupling transformer and the commutation reactance can obtain the desired power operation interval and reduce the manufacturing cost of the equipment.
- the voltage and converter of the transformer side voltage are connected.
- the modulation ratio is coordinated to allow the converter modulation ratio to operate in a suitable range, reducing the amount of harmonics of the output voltage and current.
- connection transformer in the flexible DC transmission system.
- the voltage of the AC system is changed, so that the voltage source converter operates within an optimal voltage range to reduce the harmonic amount of the output voltage and current, thereby reducing the capacity of the filtering device, and even eliminating the filtering device; 3. Connect converters of different voltage levels;
- Fig. 1 The equivalent schematic diagram of the flexible DC transmission fundamental wave is shown in Fig. 1.
- Fig. 1 when the resistance of the coupling transformer and the phase reactor is not counted, the valve side voltage of the coupling transformer is ⁇ together with the fundamental frequency component of the inverter output voltage ⁇ Acting on the equivalent reactance X of the coupling transformer and the phase reactor, and determining the active power P and the reactive power Q exchanged between the voltage source converter and the AC system are respectively (1) and (2):
- the present invention provides a method and system for adjusting an on-load tap changer of a flexible DC transmission coupling transformer.
- the present invention ensures that the ratio of the no-load voltage of the valve side of the connection transformer to the DC voltage does not change with the voltage fluctuation of the grid side.
- the converter modulation ratio can be optimized.
- the invention relates to a method for adjusting an on-load tap changer of a flexible direct current transmission connection transformer, which is improved in that the adjustment method adjusts a transformation ratio of a connection transformer to which a load tap changer is mounted on a mesh side or a valve side of a connection transformer;
- the method includes the following steps:
- the table for calculating the relationship between the grid voltage fluctuation and the connection position of the connection transformer comprises the following steps:
- Step A1 determining the steady state and transient fluctuation range of the voltage on the grid side of the connected transformer
- Step B1 Determine the voltage regulation range of the tap changer
- Step C1 determining the tapping distance of the on-load tap-changer
- Step D1 Calculating the transformation ratio of the connection transformer at each tap position
- the steady state and transient fluctuation range of the voltage of the grid side of the connecting transformer are determined by the actual working condition of the power grid, or ⁇ 10%.
- the voltage regulation range of the tap changer is determined according to the grid side voltage steady state and the transient fluctuation range of the connection transformer, and the voltage regulation range is equal to the fluctuation range of the voltage of the transformer transformer network side in the step A1.
- the span of the on-load tap changer is determined according to the adjustment precision requirement of the flexible DC transmission system for the reactive output capability of the converter.
- step D1 the transformation ratio of the connection transformer of each tap position is calculated, and the tap position relationship table of the primary side voltage of the power grid and the transformation ratio of the connection transformer is obtained, that is, the "primary side voltage-to-variance ratio" tap position relationship table.
- the table for calculating the relationship between the grid voltage fluctuation and the tapping position of the connecting transformer comprises the following steps:
- Step A2 Determine the steady state and transient fluctuation range of the voltage on the grid side of the connected transformer
- Step B2 Initially determine the voltage regulation range of the tap changer
- Step C2 calculating a transformation ratio of the connection transformer of the on-load tap-changer at the maximum and minimum taps
- Step D2 comparing the maximum and minimum connection transformer transformation ratio c2 calculated in step C2 with the maximum and minimum connection transformer transformation ratio dl obtained in step D1;
- Step E2 Determine the pressure regulation range of the on-load tap-changer on the valve side
- Step F2 determining the span of the tap changer
- Step G2 Calculate the transformation ratio of the connection transformer at each tap position.
- the voltage regulation range of the tap changer is determined according to the network side voltage fluctuation range of the connection transformer.
- the range of c2 is taken as the design range of the tap changer; if the range of dl includes the range of c2, the range of the ratio of dl is taken as the target connection transformer Ratio range.
- the valve side voltage of the coupling transformer under the target ratio and the rated grid side voltage condition is calculated, and the valve side voltage range of the coupled transformer is the voltage regulation range of the valve side on-load tap changer.
- the span of the on-load tap changer is determined according to the adjustment precision requirement of the flexible direct current transmission system for the reactive output capability of the converter.
- the transformation ratio of the connection transformer of each tap position is calculated, and the tap position relationship table of the secondary side voltage of the power grid and the transformation ratio of the connection transformer is obtained, that is, the "secondary side voltage-to-ratio" tapping Location relationship table.
- adjusting the transformation ratio of the connection transformer includes the following three adjustment modes:
- the A includes: real-time monitoring of the grid voltage, when the grid voltage fluctuates to other values than the rated position in the tap position relationship table and lasts for 3-7 s, the "primary side voltage-to-ratio" tap position relationship table Or the “secondary voltage-to-variance ratio” tap position relationship table finds the closest connection transformer ratio, and adjusts the on-load tap-changer of the coupling transformer to the corresponding ratio by the control system of the on-load tap-changer.
- the B includes the following steps:
- the modulation ratio M command value is lower than the design threshold (such as 0.7) and the duration is longer than 5s, according to the "primary side voltage to ratio" tap position relationship table or "secondary side voltage to ratio” tap position
- the relationship table adjusts the on-load tap-changer to the direction in which the ratio is increased, and continues to monitor the modulation ratio M. If the modulation ratio M is still lower than 0.7, the repeating step is adjusted to the direction in which the ratio is increased until the modulation ratio M is Fall in the optimal range (0.7 ⁇ 0.95);
- the modulation ratio M command value is higher than the design threshold (such as 0.95) and the duration is greater than 5s, it is tapped according to the "primary side voltage-to-variance ratio" tap position relationship table or "secondary side voltage-to-ratio"
- the positional relationship table adjusts the on-load tap-changer to the direction in which the ratio is reduced, and continues to monitor the modulation ratio M. If M is still higher than the design threshold of 0.95, continue to repeat the adjustment to the direction of the reduction ratio until the ratio is reduced.
- the modulation ratio M falls within the optimal range (0.7 ⁇ 0.95).
- the step C includes: when the flexible direct current transmission system is stepped down, for example, when the operation is performed, the voltage of the valve side of the connection transformer is correspondingly adjusted to a multiple of the rated voltage, that is, ⁇ 7 "; Find the closest ratio in the tap position relationship table than the "tap position relationship table or "secondary side voltage ratio", and adjust the transformer tap changer to the corresponding ratio by the control system of the on-load tap-changer ; said 1.
- the invention provides an adjustment system for an on-load tap changer of a flexible direct current transmission coupling transformer based on another object, the improvement system comprising: a connection transformer, an alternating current system, a voltage source converter; A transformer is connected between the alternating current system and the voltage source converter.
- An on-load tap-changer is mounted on the coupling transformer; the on-load tap-changer is used to adjust the converter to operate within an optimal modulation ratio range.
- connection transformer is used for: a. providing commutation reactance between the AC system and the voltage source converter;
- the on-load tap-changer can be installed on the mesh side or valve side of the connecting transformer according to the insulation design cost
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the fundamental equivalent of a flexible direct current transmission
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an operation interval provided by the present invention for a coupling transformer under rated parameters
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing changes in the operating range of the inverter when the grid voltage fluctuates to 1.1 times of the original provided by the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing changes in the operating range of the converter when the grid voltage fluctuates to 0.9 times of the original provided by the present invention
- 5 is a table showing the relationship between the primary side and secondary side voltages of the grid voltage and the transformer transformer ratio tapping position provided by the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the method for adjusting the on-load tap changer of the flexible DC power transmission coupling transformer provided by the present invention.
- the invention provides a method and a system for adjusting an on-load tap changer of a flexible direct current transmission coupling transformer, and the method comprises two adjustment modes, and the first method: maintaining a constant ratio of the no-load voltage of the valve side of the connection transformer to the direct current voltage; Keep the converter modulation ratio within a certain range.
- Mode 1 is mainly used to change the ratio of the no-load voltage of the valve side of the transformer to the DC voltage caused by the voltage fluctuation of the AC power grid itself.
- the rated transformation ratio of the connecting transformer is also determined.
- the ratio of the valve side voltage to the DC voltage of the transformer is the design value, so that the desired converter power operation interval can be obtained.
- the ratio may deviate from the design value, so that the desired power operating range cannot be obtained.
- the reactive output capability of the inverter is increased, the current stress of the converter valve exceeds the rated value, which is also disadvantageous for the commutation system. If the on-load tap-changer is added and the adjustment method is used, the operating range of the inverter can be maintained as shown in Fig. 2 in both cases.
- the modulation ratio M of the inverter is kept within an optimal range. If the modulation ratio is too low, the voltage and current harmonics output from the inverter will increase, which will affect the waveform quality. If the modulation ratio is too high, the inverter cannot be reached, thus affecting the actual reactive output of the inverter. Therefore, in actual operation, it should be ensured that the converter operates within a suitable modulation ratio range.
- the on-load tap-changer of the transformer By dynamically adjusting the on-load tap-changer of the transformer to change the ratio of the voltage on the valve side of the coupling transformer to the DC voltage, the reactive output requirement is achieved while maintaining the modulation ratio within the optimum range.
- IJ If the on-load tap-changer is installed on the side of the transformer transformer, IJ:
- Step A1 determining the steady state and transient fluctuation range of the voltage on the grid side of the connected transformer
- Step B1 determining the voltage regulation range of the tap changer according to the grid side voltage fluctuation range of the connection transformer
- Step C1 Determine the span of the tap changer according to the adjustment precision requirement of the system for the reactive output capability of the inverter;
- Step D1 Calculate the ratio of the joint transformer of each tap position, and make a correspondence relationship of "primary side voltage-to-variable ratio"
- the table that is, the relationship table 1 in FIG.
- Step A2 Determine the steady state and transient fluctuation range of the voltage on the grid side of the connected transformer
- Step B2 Initially determine the voltage regulation range of the tap changer according to the grid side voltage fluctuation range of the connection transformer;
- Step C2 Calculate the transformer ratio of the tap changer at the maximum and minimum taps;
- Step D2 Comparing the maximum and minimum variation ratio range c2 calculated in step C2 with the maximum and minimum variation ratio range d1 in the relationship table 1 obtained in step D1, and if the range of c2 covers the range of dl, taking the range of c2 As tap open For the design range of the off, if the range of dl covers c2, take the ratio range of dl as the target ratio range;
- Step E2 Calculate the valve side voltage of the coupling transformer under the target ratio and the rated grid side voltage condition, and obtain the coupled transformer valve.
- the side voltage range is the voltage regulation range of the valve side tap changer.
- Step F2 determining the span of the tap changer according to the requirements of the system for adjusting the precision of the reactive output capability of the converter;
- Step G2 calculating the ratio of the joint transformer of each tap position, and making a "secondary voltage-to-variance ratio" "Correspondence table, that is, relation table 3 in Fig. 5.
- Adjust the tap changer when the grid voltage fluctuates Monitor the grid voltage in real time. When the grid voltage fluctuates to other values than the rated position in the tap position relationship table and lasts for 3-7s, in the relationship table 1 in Figure 5 or Find the closest transformer ratio in relation table 3 and adjust the transformer tap changer to the corresponding ratio by the control system.
- Adjusting the tap changer that optimizes the modulation than the operating range Using the feedback method, monitoring the modulation ratio of the inverter M; when the modulation ratio M command value is lower than the design threshold (such as 0.7) and the duration is greater than 5s, According to the "primary side voltage-to-variance ratio" tap position relationship table or the “secondary side voltage-to-variance ratio” tap position relationship table, that is, the on-load tap changer is converted according to the relationship table 1 or the relationship table 3 of FIG.
- the direction of the increase is adjusted to the first gear (when the modulation ratio is high, the direction is reduced in the direction of decreasing the ratio; when the modulation ratio is low, the direction is increased in the direction of increasing the ratio), and the modulation ratio M is continuously monitored, if the modulation ratio M is still lower than 0.7, then continue to repeat the first gear in the direction of increasing the ratio until the modulation ratio M falls within the optimal range (0.7 ⁇ 0.95); if the modulation ratio M command value is higher than the design threshold (such as 0.95) and the duration is greater than 5s Then, according to the "primary side voltage to ratio" tap position relationship table or the "secondary side voltage to ratio” tap position relationship table, the on-load tap changer is adjusted to the direction in which the ratio is reduced, and continues. Monitor modulation ratio M, if M is still high At the design threshold of 0.95, repeat the adjustment to the direction of decreasing the ratio until the modulation ratio M falls within the optimal range (0.7 ⁇ 0.95).
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Abstract
一种柔性直流输电联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法及系统。该调节方法对联接变压器网侧或阀侧安装有载分接开关的联接变压器变比进行调节,包括下述步骤:分别计算有载分接开关安装在联接变压器网侧或阀侧的电网电压波动与联接变压器分接位置关系表;对联接变压器的变比进行调节。该调节系统包括联接变压器、交流系统、电压源换流器;联接变压器连接在交流系统和电压源换流器之间。该调节方法及系统在电网电压波动的情况下保证联接变压器阀侧电压与直流电压的比值不变,最大利用换流器的无功输出能力,并保证换流器的调制比在最优范围内。
Description
柔性直流输电联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法及系统 技术领域
本发明涉及柔性直流输电 (VSC-HVDC) 技术领域, 具体涉及一种柔性直流输电联接变 压器有载分接开关的调节方法及系统。 背景技术
柔性直流输电技术灵活的应用性能, 使其在城市电网互联、 新能源并网以及无源负荷供 电等领域有着极其广阔的应用前景。 联接变压器是柔性直流输电系统的核心部件之一, 联接 变压器的参数设计直接影响到系统的运行性能。 在已有的文献中, 对柔性直流联结变压器的 参数设计多集中于其额定变比, 未见变压器分接开关设计与调节的相关报道。 王姗姗的博士 学位论文《模块化多电平 VSC-HVDC系统主电路参数选择的理论和方法》中只对联接变压器 阀侧电压额定值的选取进行了研究, 没有考虑电网电压波动和换流器调制度比范围对换流器 运行特性的影响。 而常规直流输电中, 换流变压器有载分接头调节主要有两种调节方式: ① 保持换流变压器阀侧空载电压恒定; ②保持控制角 (触发角或关断角) 于一定范围。 但是由 于柔性直流输电技术的工作原理不同于常规直流, 在变压器有载分接开关的设计上需要考虑 的不是控制角 (触发角或关断角), 而是柔性直流换流器的调制比, 因此在设计方法和调节方 法上有很大的差异。
基于电压源换流器的柔性直流输电技术 (VSC-HVDC) 由于其卓越的可控性和灵活性, 近年来发展迅速, 工程应用不断增多。 联接变压器是柔性直流输电系统中换流器与交流系统 之间能量交换的纽带, 是柔性直流输电系统的核心部件。 联接变压器的参数影响着换流站的 运行特性, 特别是联接变压器的阀侧电压与换流电抗配合可以获得期望的功率运行区间, 同 时降低设备的制造成本; 联接变压器阀侧电压与换流器的调制比相协调, 可使换流器调制比 运行于合适的范围, 减少输出电压和电流的谐波量。
联接变压器在柔性直流输电系统中实现的主要功能有:
1、 在交流系统和电压源换流器间提供换流电抗的作用;
2、将交流系统的电压进行变换, 使电压源换流器工作在最佳的电压范围之内以减少输出 电压和电流的谐波量, 进而减小滤波装置的容量, 甚至省去滤波装置;
3、 将不同电压等级的换流器进行连接;
4、 阻止零序电流在交流系统和换流站之间流动。
柔性直流输电基波等效原理图如图 1, 根据图 1所示, 当不计联接变压器和相电抗器的 电阻时, 联接变压器阀侧电压 ^ ^与换流器输出电压 ^的基频分量共同作用于联接变压器和 相电抗器的等效电抗 X, 并决定了电压源换流器与交流系统间交换的有功功率 P和无功功率 Q分别为式 (1 ) 和式 (2):
Q
X (2);
u
Uc = Μμ
式中, C ^, M为调制比, ^为直流电压利用率。
由式 (1 ) 和式 (2) 可知, 联接变压器阀侧电压 ^和调制比 M影响换流器传输的有功 和无功功率, 而在柔性直流输电工程中, 联接变压器网侧电压的波动是客观存在的, 若忽略 其影响, 则整个输电系统在运行中可能出现无功出力受限或换流器电流超出额定值运行的状 况, 这直接影响了电压源换流器的运行性能和经济性。 同时, 还要保证换流器调制比运行于 合适的范围内以获得较好的波形质量。 这些问题可以通过动态调节变压器的有载分接开关来 解决, 相应的, 联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法就成为柔性直流输电工程中需要解决的 重要技术问题。 发明内容
针对现有技术的不足, 本发明提供一种柔性直流输电联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方 法及系统, 本发明保证联接变压器阀侧空载电压与直流电压的比值不随网侧电压波动改变, 同时能够优化换流器调制比。
本发明的目的是采用下述技术方案实现的:
一种柔性直流输电联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法, 其改进之处在于, 所述调节方 法对联接变压器网侧或阀侧安装有载分接开关的联接变压器变比进行调节; 所述方法包括下 述步骤:
( 1 )分别计算有载分接开关安装在联接变压器网侧或阀侧的电网电压波动与联接变压器 分接位置关系表;
(2) 对联接变压器的变比进行调节。
其中, 所述步骤(1 ) 中, 当有载分接开关安装在联接变压器网侧时, 计算电网电压波动 与联接变压器分接位置关系表包括下述步骤:
步骤 A1 : 确定联接变压器网侧电压的稳态和暂态波动范围;
步骤 B1 : 确定分接开关的调压范围;
步骤 C1 : 确定有载分接开关的分接档距;
步骤 D1 : 计算各分接位置的联接变压器变比;
其中, 所述步骤 A1 中, 所述联接变压器网侧电压的稳态和暂态波动范围由电网实际工 况决定, 或为 ±10%。
其中, 所述步骤 B1 中, 根据联接变压器的网侧电压稳态和暂态波动范围确定分接开关 的调压范围, 所述调压范围等于步骤 A1联接变压器网侧电压的波动范围。
其中, 所述步骤 C1 中, 根据柔性直流输电系统对换流器无功输出能力的调节精度要求 确定有载分接开关的档距。
其中, 所述步骤 D1 中, 计算各分接位置的联接变压器变比, 得出电网一次侧电压与联 接变压器变比的分接位置关系表, 即 "一次侧电压一变比"分接位置关系表。
其中, 所述步骤(1 ) 中, 当有载分接开关安装在联接变压器阀侧时, 计算电网电压波动 与联接变压器分接位置关系表包括下述步骤:
步骤 A2: 确定联接变压器网侧电压的稳态和暂态波动范围;
步骤 B2: 初步确定分接开关的调压范围;
步骤 C2: 计算所述有载分接开关在最大和最小分接处的联接变压器变比;
步骤 D2: 将步骤 C2中计算得到的最大最小联接变压器变比 c2与步骤 D1中得到的最大 最小联接变压器变比 dl进行比较;
步骤 E2: 确定阀侧有载分接开关的调压范围;
步骤 F2: 确定分接开关的档距;
步骤 G2: 计算各分接位置的联接变压器变比。
其中, 所述步骤 B2中, 根据联接变压器的网侧电压波动范围确定分接开关的调压范围。 其中, 所述步骤 D2中, 若 c2的范围包含 dl的范围, 则取 c2的范围作为分接开关的设 计范围; 若 dl的范围包含 c2的范围, 则取 dl的变比范围作为目标联接变压器变比范围。
其中, 所述步骤 E2中, 计算目标变比和额定网侧电压条件下的联接变压器阀侧电压, 所 得联接变压器阀侧电压范围即为阀侧有载分接开关的调压范围。
其中,所述步骤 F2中,根据柔性直流输电系统对换流器无功输出能力的调节精度要求确 定有载分接开关的档距。
其中, 所述步骤 G2 中, 计算各分接位置的联接变压器变比, 得出电网二次侧电压与联 接变压器变比的分接位置关系表, 即 "二次侧电压一变比"分接位置关系表。
其中, 所述步骤 (2) 中, 对联接变压器的变比进行调节包括以下三种调节方式:
A、 电网电压波动时的有载分接开关调节方法;
B、 优化调制比运行范围的有载分接开关调节方法;
C、 柔性直流输电系统降压运行时的有载分接开关调节方法。
其中, 所述 A包括: 实时监测电网电压, 当电网电压波动至分接位置关系表中额定位置 外的其他值并持续 3-7s时, 在 "一次侧电压一变比"分接位置关系表或 "二次侧电压一变比" 分接位置关系表查找最接近的联接变压器变比, 并通过有载分接开关的控制系统将联接变压 器有载分接开关调节至对应变比。
其中, 所述 B包括下述步骤:
I、 采用反馈的方法, 监测换流器的调制比 M;
II、 当调制比 M指令值低于设计阈值 (如 0.7) 且持续时间大于 5s时, 根据 "一次侧电 压一变比"分接位置关系表或 "二次侧电压一变比"分接位置关系表将有载分接开关向变比 增加的方向调节一档, 继续监测调制比 M, 若调制比 M仍低于 0.7, 则继续重复向变比增加 的方向调节一档, 直至调制比 M落在最优范围 (0.7~0.95) 内;
III、 若调制比 M指令值高于设计阈值 (如 0.95) 且持续时间大于 5s时, 则根据 "一次 侧电压一变比"分接位置关系表或 "二次侧电压一变比"分接位置关系表将有载分接开关向 变比减小的方向调节一档, 继续监测调制比 M, 若 M仍高于设计阈值 0.95, 则继续重复向变 比减小的方向调节一档, 直至调制比 M落在最优范围 (0.7~0.95) 内。 其中, 所述步骤 C包括: 当柔性直流输电系统降压运行时, 如以^ ^运行时, 联接变压 器阀侧电压相应调节为额定电压的 倍, 即^7" ; 在 "一次侧电压一变比"分接位置关系表 或 "二次侧电压一变比"分接位置关系表中查找最接近的变比, 并通过有载分接开关的控制 系统将变压器分接开关调节至对应变比; 所述 1。
本发明基于另一目的提供的一种柔性直流输电联接变压器有载分接开关的调节系统, 其 改进之处在于, 所述调节系统包括联接变压器、 交流系统、 电压源换流器; 所述联接变压器 连接在所述交流系统和电压源换流器之间。
其中, 在所述联接变压器上安装有有载分接开关; 所述有载分接开关用于调节换流器运 行于最优的调制比范围内。
其中, 所述联接变压器用于:
a、 在交流系统和电压源换流器间提供换流电抗;
b、 将交流系统的电压进行变换, 使电压源换流器工作在最优的电压范围之内; c、 将不同电压等级的电压源换流器进行连接;
d、 阻止零序电流在交流系统和电压源换流器之间流动。 与现有技术比, 本发明达到的有益效果是:
1、在电网电压波动的情况下保证联接变压器阀侧电压与直流电压的比值不变, 从而最大 利用换流器的无功输出能力;
2、 保证换流器的调制比运行在最优范围内, 从而得到较优的输出电压电流波形;
3、 利用现有的有载分接开关设备实现电压调节, 技术成熟、 成本可控;
4、 有载分接开关可根据绝缘设计成本安装在联接变压器网侧或者阀侧;
5、 在电网电压负向波动时保证换流器不过载运行, 降低设备成本。 附图说明
图 1是柔性直流输电基波等效原理图;
图 2是本发明提供的为联接变压器在额定参数下的运行区间示意图;
图 3是本发明提供的电网电压波动至原来的 1.1倍时换流器的运行区间变化示意图; 图 4是本发明提供的电网电压波动至原来的 0.9倍时换流器的运行区间变化示意图; 图 5是本发明提供的电网电压一次侧和二次侧电压与联接变压器变比分接位置关系表; 图 6是本发明提供的柔性直流输电联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法流程图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步的详细说明。
本发明提供的柔性直流输电联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法及其系统, 该方法包括 两种调节方式, 方式一: 保持联接变压器阀侧空载电压与直流电压的比值恒定; 方式二: 保 持换流器调制比在一定范围之内。
方式一主要用于交流电网本身的电压波动所引起的联接变压器阀侧空载电压与直流电压 比值的变化。 在根据系统运行要求设计好联接变压器阀侧额定电压与直流电压比值后, 联接 变压器的额定变比也就确定了。 那么在系统电压为额定电压时, 变压器的阀侧电压与直流电 压比值即为设计值, 从而能够得到期望的换流器功率运行区间。 但是由于电网电压的波动及 其他影响因素, 该比值可能偏离设计值, 从而无法得到期望的功率运行区间。 如图 2所示,
为联接变压器在额定参数下的运行区间, 若没有加装有载分接开关, 当电网电压波动至原来 的 1.1时, 阀侧电压与直流电压的比值也相应变化为原来的 1.1倍, 设为1 'lt7 此时, 换流 器的运行区间变化为图 3,其无功输出能力明显减小;相反,若电网电压波动至原来的 0.9倍, 阀侧电压与直流电压之比也相应变化为原来的 0.9倍, 即 9t/ 如图 4所示, 此时, 虽然换 流器的无功输出能力增大了, 但是换流阀的电流应力超出了额定值, 对换流系统也是不利的。 若加装了有载分接开关并使用所述调节方法, 在上述两种情况下均可保持换流器的运行区间 为图 2。
方式二保持换流器的调制比 M运行于最优的范围之内。若调制比过低, 会使换流器输出 的电压电流谐波量增加, 影响波形质量; 若调制比太高, 换流器无法达到, 从而影响换流器 的实际无功输出。 因此, 在实际运行中, 应保证换流器运行于合适的调制比范围内。 通过动 态调节联接变压器的有载分接开关从而改变联接变压器阀侧电压与直流电压的比值, 在达到 无功输出要求的同时保持调制比在最优范围内。
针对柔性直流输电系统中联接变压器网侧电压波动的实际情况和调制比的运行范围要 求, 提出了在联接变压器网侧或阀侧加装有载分接开关进行调节, 从而保证联接变压器阀侧 电压与直流电压比值保持不变和优化调制比运行范围的解决方法, 本发明提供的柔性直流输 电联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法流程如图 6所示, 该方法包括下述步骤:
( 1 )分别计算有载分接开关安装在联接变压器网侧或阀侧的电网电压波动与联接变压器 分接位置关系表;
若有载分接开关安装在联接变压器网侧, 贝 IJ :
步骤 A1 : 确定联接变压器网侧电压的稳态和暂态波动范围;
步骤 B1 : 根据联接变压器的网侧电压波动范围确定分接开关的调压范围;
步骤 C1 : 根据系统对换流器无功输出能力的调节精度要求确定分接开关的档距; 步骤 D1 : 计算各分接位置的联接变压器变比, 作出 "一次侧电压一变比"对应关系表, 即图 5中的关系表 1。
若有载分接开关安装在联接变压器阀侧, 则计算步骤如下:
步骤 A2: 确定联接变压器网侧电压的稳态和暂态波动范围;
步骤 B2: 根据联接变压器的网侧电压波动范围初步确定分接开关的调压范围; 步骤 C2: 计算分接开关在最大和最小分接处的变压器变比;
步骤 D2: 将步骤 C2中计算得到的最大最小变比范围 c2与步骤 D1中得到的关系表 1中 的最大最小变比范围 dl进行比较, 若 c2的范围覆盖 dl的范围, 则取 c2的范围作为分接开
关的设计范围, 若 dl的范围覆盖 c2, 则取 dl的变比范围作为目标变比范围; 步骤 E2: 计算目标变比和额定网侧电压条件下的联接变压器阀侧电压, 所得联接变压器 阀侧电压范围即为阀侧分接开关的调压范围。
步骤 F2: 根据系统对换流器无功输出能力的调节精度的要求确定分接开关的档距; 步骤 G2: 计算各分接位置的联接变压器变比, 做出 "二次侧电压一变比"对应关系表, 即图 5中的关系表 3。
(2)对联接变压器的变比进行调节:
A、 对电网电压波动时的分接开关进行调节: 实时监测电网电压, 当电网电压波动至分 接位置关系表中额定位置外的其他值并持续 3-7s时, 在图 5关系表 1或者关系表 3中查找最 接近的变压器变比, 并通过控制系统将变压器分接开关调节至对应变比。
B、 对优化调制比运行范围的分接开关进行调节: 采用反馈的方法, 监测换流器的调制 比 M; 当调制比 M指令值低于设计阈值 (如 0.7)且持续时间大于 5s时, 根据 "一次侧电压 一变比"分接位置关系表或 "二次侧电压一变比"分接位置关系表, 即根据图 5关系表 1或 者关系表 3将有载分接开关向变比增加的方向调节一档 (调制比偏高时, 向变比减小的方向 调节; 调制比偏低时, 向变比增加的方向调节),继续监测调制比 M,若调制比 M仍低于 0.7, 则继续重复向变比增加的方向调节一档, 直至调制比 M落在最优范围 (0.7~0.95) 内; 若调 制比 M指令值高于设计阈值 (如 0.95) 且持续时间大于 5s时, 则根据 "一次侧电压一变比" 分接位置关系表或 "二次侧电压一变比"分接位置关系表将有载分接开关向变比减小的方向 调节一档, 继续监测调制比 M, 若 M仍高于设计阈值 0.95, 则继续重复向变比减小的方向调 节一档, 直至调制比 M落在最优范围 (0.7~0.95) 内。
C、 对直流系统降压运行时的分接开关进行调节: 当柔性直流输电系统降压运行, 如以 ku^ α<υ运行时, 联接变压器阀侧电压相应调节为额定电压的 倍, 即^7", 在图 5关系 表 1或者关系表 3中查找最接近的变比, 并通过控制系统将联接变压器分接开关调节至对应 变比。 关系表 2 是计算关系表 3的一个中间过程。
最后应当说明的是: 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制, 尽管参照上述 实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明, 所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解: 依然可以对本发明 的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换, 而未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替 换, 其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims
1、 一种柔性直流输电联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法, 其特征在于, 所述调节方法 对联接变压器网侧或阀侧安装有载分接开关的联接变压器变比进行调节; 所述方法包括下述 步骤:
( 1 )分别计算有载分接开关安装在联接变压器网侧或阀侧的电网电压波动与联接变压器 分接位置关系表;
(2) 对联接变压器的变比进行调节。
2、如权利要求 1所述的联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1 ) 中, 当有载分接开关安装在联接变压器网侧时, 计算电网电压波动与联接变压器分接位置关 系表包括下述步骤:
步骤 A1 : 确定联接变压器网侧电压的稳态和暂态波动范围;
步骤 B1 : 确定分接开关的调压范围;
步骤 C1 : 确定有载分接开关的分接档距;
步骤 D1 : 计算各分接位置的联接变压器变比;
3、 如权利要求 1 所述的联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 A1中, 所述联接变压器网侧电压的稳态和暂态波动范围由电网实际工况决定, 或为 ±10%。
4、 如权利要求 1 所述的联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 B1中, 根据联接变压器的网侧电压稳态和暂态波动范围确定分接开关的调压范围, 所述调压 范围等于步骤 A1联接变压器网侧电压的波动范围。
5、 如权利要求 1 所述的联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 C1中,根据柔性直流输电系统对换流器无功输出能力的调节精度要求确定有载分接开关的档 距。
6、 如权利要求 1 所述的联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 D1中, 计算各分接位置的联接变压器变比, 得出电网一次侧电压与联接变压器变比的分接位 置关系表, 即 "一次侧电压一变比"分接位置关系表。
7、如权利要求 1所述的联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1 ) 中, 当有载分接开关安装在联接变压器阀侧时, 计算电网电压波动与联接变压器分接位置关 系表包括下述步骤:
步骤 A2: 确定联接变压器网侧电压的稳态和暂态波动范围;
步骤 B2: 初步确定分接开关的调压范围;
步骤 C2: 计算所述有载分接开关在最大和最小分接处的联接变压器变比;
步骤 D2: 将步骤 C2中计算得到的最大最小联接变压器变比 c2与步骤 D1中得到的最大 最小联接变压器变比 dl进行比较;
步骤 E2: 确定阀侧有载分接开关的调压范围;
步骤 F2: 确定分接开关的档距;
步骤 G2: 计算各分接位置的联接变压器变比。
8、 如权利要求 Ί 所述的联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 B2中, 根据联接变压器的网侧电压波动范围确定分接开关的调压范围。
9、 如权利要求 Ί 所述的联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 D2中, 若 c2的范围包含 dl的范围, 则取 c2的范围作为分接开关的设计范围; 若 dl的范围 包含 c2的范围, 则取 dl的变比范围作为目标联接变压器变比范围。
10、 如权利要求 Ί所述的联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 E2中, 计算目标变比和额定网侧电压条件下的联接变压器阀侧电压, 所得联接变压器阀侧电 压范围即为阀侧有载分接开关的调压范围。
11、 如权利要求 7所述的联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 F2中, 根据柔性直流输电系统对换流器无功输出能力的调节精度要求确定有载分接开关的档 距。
12、 如权利要求 Ί所述的联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 G2中, 计算各分接位置的联接变压器变比, 得出电网二次侧电压与联接变压器变比的分接位 置关系表, 即 "二次侧电压一变比"分接位置关系表。
13、 如权利要求 1所述的联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤 (2) 中, 对联接变压器的变比进行调节包括以下三种调节方式:
A、 电网电压波动时的有载分接开关调节方法;
B、 优化调制比运行范围的有载分接开关调节方法;
C、 柔性直流输电系统降压运行时的有载分接开关调节方法。
14、 如权利要求 13 所述的联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法, 其特征在于, 所述 A 包括: 实时监测电网电压, 当电网电压波动至分接位置关系表中额定位置外的其他值并持续 3-7s 时, 在 "一次侧电压一变比"分接位置关系表或 "二次侧电压一变比"分接位置关系表 查找最接近的联接变压器变比, 并通过有载分接开关的控制系统将联接变压器有载分接开关 调节至对应变比。
15、 如权利要求 13 所述的联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法, 其特征在于, 所述 B 包括下述步骤:
I、 采用反馈的方法, 监测换流器的调制比 M;
II、 当调制比 M指令值低于设计阈值且持续时间大于 5s时, 根据 "一次侧电压一变比" 分接位置关系表或 "二次侧电压一变比"分接位置关系表将有载分接开关向变比增加的方向 调节一档, 继续监测调制比 M, 若调制比 M仍低于 0.7, 则继续重复向变比增加的方向调节 一档, 直至调制比 M落在最优范围 0.7~0.95内;
III、 若调制比 M指令值高于设计阈值且持续时间大于 5s时, 则根据 "一次侧电压一变 比"分接位置关系表或 "二次侧电压一变比"分接位置关系表将有载分接开关向变比减小的 方向调节一档, 继续监测调制比 M, 若 M仍高于设计阈值 0.95, 则继续重复向变比减小的方 向调节一档, 直至调制比 M落在最优范围 0.7~0.95内。
16、 如权利要求 13所述的联接变压器有载分接开关的调节方法, 其特征在于, 所述步骤
C包括: 当柔性直流输电系统降压运行时, 如以^ ^运行时, 联接变压器阀侧电压相应调节 为额定电压的 k倍, 即^7 在 "一次侧电压一变比"分接位置关系表或 "二次侧电压一变 比"分接位置关系表中查找最接近的变比, 并通过有载分接开关的控制系统将变压器分接开 关调节至对应变比; 所述 fc<l。
17、 一种柔性直流输电联接变压器有载分接开关的调节系统, 其特征在于, 所述调节系 统包括联接变压器、 交流系统、 电压源换流器; 所述联接变压器连接在所述交流系统和电压 源换流器之间。
18、 如权利要求 17所述的联接变压器有载分接开关的调节系统, 其特征在于, 在所述联 接变压器上安装有有载分接开关; 所述有载分接开关用于调节换流器运行于最优的调制比范 围内。
19、 如权利要求 17所述的联接变压器有载分接开关的调节系统, 其特征在于, 所述联接 变压器用于:
a、 在交流系统和电压源换流器间提供换流电抗;
b、 将交流系统的电压进行变换, 使电压源换流器工作在最优的电压范围之内; c、 将不同电压等级的电压源换流器进行连接;
d、 阻止零序电流在交流系统和电压源换流器之间流动。
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| CN120389514A (zh) * | 2025-04-23 | 2025-07-29 | 华北电力大学 | 一种柔性直流系统中变压器有载调压控制方法及系统 |
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| CN107086581B (zh) * | 2017-03-17 | 2019-06-18 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司检修试验中心 | 基于柔性直流换流阀无功控制的交流母线电压调节方法 |
| CN109256783A (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-01-22 | 国网山东省电力公司经济技术研究院 | 一种分散式风电接入混合配电网的电压协调控制方法 |
| CN110061509B (zh) * | 2019-05-22 | 2020-09-29 | 国家电网有限公司 | 一种柔性直流系统中变压器有载调压控制方法及系统 |
| CN111953249B (zh) * | 2020-08-26 | 2024-07-05 | 国网江西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | 一种考虑电压合格率的有载调压变压器参数设置方法 |
| CN112968459B (zh) * | 2021-02-05 | 2023-05-23 | 国网山西省电力公司检修分公司 | 基于同极换流变分接头定偏差交替控制的分接头控制方法 |
| CN113125946A (zh) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-07-16 | 国网宁夏电力有限公司检修公司 | 换流变压器阀组的分接开关的档位调节方法、介质及系统 |
| CN113746127A (zh) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-03 | 广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局 | 一种柔性直流变压器分接头控制方法和相关装置 |
| CN114024317B (zh) * | 2021-11-04 | 2023-06-23 | 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 | 一种柔性直流变压器有载分接开关调节方法及系统 |
| CN115395551B (zh) * | 2022-08-09 | 2026-02-03 | 国网经济技术研究院有限公司 | 特高压直流系统换流变压器的主动平滑调压方法及系统 |
| CN115730440B (zh) * | 2022-11-21 | 2024-03-08 | 上海交通大学 | 一种直流输电谐波电流过电流判断方法 |
| CN120914801B (zh) * | 2025-10-10 | 2025-12-23 | 河北宝利输变电设备制造有限公司 | 智能有载调压开关控制方法及系统、设备、介质 |
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