WO2014046628A1

WO2014046628A1 - Low-temperature radiant heating element for warm-water systems

Info

Publication number: WO2014046628A1
Application number: PCT/SK2013/050004
Authority: WO
Inventors: Miroslav Ing. MACHOVIČ; Anna MACHOVIČOVÁ
Original assignee: Machovič Miroslav Ing
Priority date: 2012-09-24
Filing date: 2013-09-11
Publication date: 2014-03-27
Also published as: CZ26700U1; CZ2015156A3

Abstract

Low-temperature radiant heating element for warm-water systems comprises of heat exchanger (2) consisting of reels (20) of pipes in spatial arrangement of cylindrical spring, which are mutually hydraulically interconnected. The heat exchanger (2) is connected to inlet (24) and outlet (23) of hot water. The heat exchanger (2) is fixed to the circumferential housing (1) with thermal insulation (11) attached on sides of repelling heat by fittings (21) and bolted connections (22), while the element is closed from the side of heat radiation by face grating (3). The heat exchanger (2) radiates the heat directly without auxiliary surfaces to opposite interior surfaces, which subsequently heat the air.

Description

[0001] Low-temperature radiant heating element for warm- water systems

[0002] Technical Field

[0003] The present technical design relates to heating elements designed for low- temperature heating and high-temperature cooling of buildings by a warm- water system.

[0004] Background Art

[0005] In particular convector heating elements, as plate radiators, cast sectional radiators made of aluminium alloys or cast iron, which are designed for high-temperature heating, are known. Main manner of heat exchange is by convection, thus they heat directly the air.

[0006] Their disadvantage is in particular that elements are intended only for vertical installation and convection of such constructions is directly proportional to the difference of heating element and air temperatures.

[0007] Also air-conditioning heat-exchangers made by stacking parallel straight metal pipes in several planes, with sheet plates pressed on them with narrow gaps, forming auxiliary surface of heat exchange, are also known. Pipes are main medium piping, through which heating or cooling medium flows. For increasing heat output of the heat exchanger by convection, a stream of cooler air is blown by a ventilator, while typical examples include air-conditioning units, fan coils and floor convectors. Main manner of heat exchange is also by convection, thus they heat directly the air.

[0008] Metal radiant hanging panels are another known present art. Their construction

consists in that auxiliary metal surfaces of heat exchange are pressed on straight medium pipes arranged in a plane with spacing. Plate shape is typical for these elements, where length of an element is noticeable in the dimensions of built-up area. Since high temperatures are used for heating, with big lengths of panels, there is significant difference of heating water temperature on the beginning and the end of the panel, and this leads to unequal heating of the room. In order to maintain turbulent flow of a liquid, it is necessary to avoid dropping of flow under minimum values. Laminar flow significantly decreases heat exchange and thereby also output of ceiling radiant panels. In case of vertical mounting, without using barriers for preventing flow, when using high temperatures, the ratio of radiation on total thermal output is negligible and heat exchange by convection prevails.

[0009] Flat radiant systems of heating, made by planar arrangement of heating pipes, are another known present art. Flat systems can be installed in dry or wet manner. In case of wet installation, heating pipes are mounted to a wall or ceiling under plaster and then a plaster is applied. In case of installation into the floor, they are imbedded in concrete screed or are tied onto steel reinforcement and matting into concrete during construction of ferro-concrete skeleton of a building. Hot water flows during heating through main heating pipes and heat diffuses into plasters or concrete and after overcoming thermal resistance of materials, it radiates to opposite interior surfaces. In case of dry installation, pipes are inserted into milled grooves of plasterboard panels. Heat transfer is influenced by thermal resistance of material, which is in contact with heating pipe. Surface radiant systems are conservative as for possible layout changes of a building and high accumulation capacity does not allow immediate changes of interior temperature, causing thermal discomfort in particular during transitional period.

[0010] Present know radiant systems use auxiliary surfaces for achieving radiation, while heat from main medium pipes is delivered by heat transfer with temperature loss into auxiliary surfaces. Difference in mean heating temperature and mean temperature of radiant surface commonly amounts to 10 % to 20 , leading to increased heat consumption.

[0011] Disclosure of Invention

[0012] Mentioned shortcomings of the present art are eliminated to the substantial degree by low-temperature radiant heating elements, comprising of circumferential housing, which accommodates heating element, and substance whereof resides in that the heating element consists of at least one pipe heat exchanger inserted from the outside into fixation fitting, by means of which it is fixed, usually by bolted connection, to the back wall of the housing.

[0013] One wall, other than the back wall, is advantageously fitted with grating.

[0014] The heat exchanger consists of at least one column reel made of thin- walled pipes and formed into spatial arrangement of cylindrical spring.

[0015] Column reel is connected to inlet and outlet of hot water piping of heating system and reels are advantageously connected into sets.

[0016] The set of reels is arranged either side by side and/or one after another and/or reels are nested, while they are mutually hydraulically interconnected.

[0017] Grating for visual covering and allowing diffusion of thermal radiation is attached in detachable manner on face wall of the housing for both vertical installation of the element on room wall and horizontal installation of the element under room ceiling.

[0018] Edges of side walls of the housing in case of vertical installation of the element on wall as well as horizontal installation of the element are elongated for targeted direction of radiant heat into the space in the direction of the grating and for preventing air flow.

[0019] Walls of the housing, expect for face one, are fitted with insulation in case of horizontal installation of the element under room ceiling as well as into room floor. [0020] Grating for visual covering and allowing diffusion of thermal radiation is attached in detachable manner on face wall of the housing.

[0021] Low-temperature heating elements have heat exchanger formed into spatial arrangement of cylindrical spring without auxiliary surfaces. Mean heating temperature is identical with mean temperature of radiant surface.

[0022] Size, number and arrangement of heat exchanger reels in the form of cylindrical spring depend on desired output and type of heating element.

[0023] Heat radiation allows to heat interior by a temperature lower by 2 to 3 °C as in the case of systems using convection. According to present knowledge, lowering heating temperature by 1 °C decreases costs by 6 %.

[0024] Low-temperature radiant heating and high-temperature cooling by low-temperature heating elements provides decrease of heating costs thanks to radiation and in particular thanks to low heating temperature allowing achieving high output numbers of heat sources and thereby significant energy savings.

[0025] Brief Description of Drawings

[0026] The technical design is further elucidated on enclosed drawings, where:

[0027] Fig. 1 - shows side sectional view of the set of heating element for horizontal installation under room ceiling;

[0028] Fig. 2 - shows bottom view to uncovered set according to figure 1;

[0029] Fig. 3 - shows top sectional view of the set of heating element for vertical installation on room wall;

[0030] Fig. 4 - shows front view to uncovered set according to figure 3.

[0031] Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0032] Example 1

[0033] Low-temperature heating element for horizontal installation (shown on fig. 1 and fig.

2) is intended for installation in pan ceilings or under ceiling. It comprises of the housing 1 having side walls 13 and back wall 12 and insulated on the top and on sides by insulation H for preventing heat transfer to the top. Bottom edges (not shown on the figure) of side walls 13 are elongated under bottom edge of heat exchanger 2 for directing air flow down. Heat exchanger 2 consists of reels 20 of pipes in the form of cylindrical spring placed besides each other and mutually hydraulically interconnected and connected to inlet 24 and outlet 23 of hot water. The heat exchanger 2 is fixed to back wall 12 of the housing 1 by fittings 21 and bolted connections 22.The housing 1 is covered from the bottom by face grating 3 made of perforated sheet metal.

[0034] Heating process takes place in the following manner - heated water is fed from the heat source (not shown on the figure) through inlet 24 into the heat exchanger 2, which transfers the heat from heated pipes by radiation into surrounding air, whereby it is heated. Cooled water then returns from the heat exchanger 2 through the outlet 23 back to the heat source for reheating.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] In this example, low-temperature heating element for horizontal installation is

described as in the example 1 with the difference that it is intended for installation into the floor, so it is installed in mirror manner compared to the example 1.

[0037] Constructional arrangement of the element is identical as in the example 1 with the difference that insulation I I is attached from the bottom and also to sides and the housing 1 is closed from the top by face grating 3 made of thicker perforated sheet metal. The heating process takes place identically as in the example 1.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] Low-temperature heating element for vertical installation (shown on figures 3 and 4) is intended for installation on wall. Heating element comprises of the housing1 having side walls 13 and back wall 12, which are without insulation I I. Front edges (not show on the figure) of side walls 13 are elongated for directed flow of air to the side through face grating 3, which is attached to the front wall of the housing 1.

[0040] The heat exchanger 2 consists of reels 20 of pipes in the form of cylindrical spring placed besides each other and mutually hydraulically interconnected and connected to inlet 24 and outlet 23 of hot water. The heat exchanger 2 is fixed to back wall 12 of the housing 1 by fittings 21 and bolted connections 22.

[0041] Heating process takes place in the following manner - heated water is fed from the heat source (not shown on the figure) through inlet 24 into the heat exchanger 2, which transfers the heat from heated pipes by radiation into surrounding air, whereby it is heated. Cooled water then returns from the heat exchanger 2 through the outlet 23 back to heat source for reheating.

[0042] Example 4

[0043] In this example, low-temperature heating element for vertical installation is described as in the example 3 with the difference that it is intended for high-temperature cooling of buildings.

[0044] Constructional arrangement of the element is identical to the example 3, but the process takes places in different manner.

[0045] In case of cooling process, contrary to the example 3, cooling water from cooling source (not shown on the figure) is fed to the heat exchanger 2, which takes away the heat of surrounding space, whereby water is warmed and conducted back to the cooling source.

[0046] Industrial Applicability

[0047] Technical design can be used for low-temperature heating and high-temperature cooling of buildings as schools, apartment houses, administrative buildings, stores and family houses. Attributes of low-temperature elements predetermine their utilization in warm- water systems heated by renewable sources and in case of high-temperature cooling, well water can be used.

Claims

[Claim 0001] Low-temperature radiant heating element, comprising of circumferential housing, which accommodates heating element, characterized in that the heating element consists of at least one pipe heat exchanger (2) inserted from the outside into fixation fitting (21), by means of which it is fixed, usually by bolted connection (22), to the back wall (12) of the housing (1), one wall whereof, other than the back wall (22), is fitted with grating (3), while heat exchanger (2) consists of at least one column reel (20), made of thin- walled pipes and formed into spatial arrangement of cylindrical spring and connected to inlet (24) and outlet (23) of warm water piping of heating system.

[Claim 0002] Heating element according to the claim 1, characterized in that the set of reels (20) is arranged either side by side and/or one after another and/or reels (20) are nested, while they are mutually hydraulically interconnected.

[Claim 0003] Heating element according to the claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the grating (3) for visual covering and allowing diffusion of thermal radiation is attached in detachable manner on front face wall of the housing (1) for vertical installation of the element on room wall, while edges of side walls (13) of the housing (1) are elongated under bottom edge of the heat exchanger (2) for targeted direction of radiant heat into the space in the direction of the grating (3) and for preventing air flow.

[Claim 0004] Heating element according to the claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the grating (3) for visual covering and allowing diffusion of thermal radiation is attached in detachable manner on front face wall of the housing (1) for horizontal installation of the element under room ceiling, while other walls of the housing (1) are fitted with insulation (11) and edges of side walls (13) of the housing (1) are elongated under bottom edge of the heat exchanger (2) for targeted direction of radiant heat into the space in the direction of the grating (3) and for preventing air flow.

[Claim 0005] Heating element according to the claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the grating (3) for visual covering and allowing diffusion of thermal radiation is attached in detachable manner on front face wall of the housing (1) for horizontal installation of the element into room floor, while other walls of the housing (1) are fitted with insulation (11) and bottom edges of side walls (13) of the housing (1) are elongated under bottom edge of the heat exchanger (2).