RU2492393C1 - Screen for radiators of heating systems - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: screen for radiators of heating systems, mounted on the radiator of the heating system, at least on the side facing the heated room, and having mounting holes and fixing means, at that it is adjacent to the surface of the radiator along its contour, is provided with at least one fan, at that the inner surface of the screen and the outer surface of the radiator form channels located between the fan and holes connecting the space between the radiator and the screen with a heated room.

EFFECT: improvement room heating efficiency due to the total air heating as a result of radiant heating, the natural or forced convection, simplifying the design, manufacturing technology and mounting the screen of the radiator, reduction of its cost, the ability to use one embodiment of the screen for mounting both on the outer and the inner front sides of the water radiator, the ability of adjusting the intensity of heating the room due to changing the performance of the fans from 0 to a maximum, leakage monitoring of the radiator.

8 cl, 27 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of power engineering and can be used in central and autonomous heat supply systems of premises in residential, public and industrial buildings.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of heating, reduce the cost of the equipment used and operating costs, expand the possibilities of regulating the temperature regime in the premises.

It is known that in space heating systems as heating devices (see Varfolomeev Yu.M., Kokorin O.Ya. Heating and heating networks - M .: Infra-M, 2010, - 480 pp. 61-73) use :

1. steel, aluminum and bimetal sectional heaters, which give up to 50% of the heat radiation, the rest as a result of natural convection.

2. heaters with developed finning, in which the heat exchange surface increases while at the same time a certain decrease in the intensity of natural convection due to additional aerodynamic drag;

3. heaters in which the effect of forced convection is used.

The simplest and most common steel panel radiators at low cost and high durability have low thermal characteristics - when the water temperature in the system decreases from 90 to 60 ° C, their power decreases three times.

Aluminum sectional radiators also have insufficient strength, which leads to a low working pressure of the coolant (up to 0.6-0.8 MPa), which complicates their use in modern high-rise buildings.

The cost of bimetallic sectional heaters is high, since their production requires the use of expensive materials and sophisticated technological equipment.

A common drawback of the above heating devices is the use of natural convection, which provides a low heat transfer coefficient (not more than 5-25 W / (m ² · K) from the surface of the radiator to the air in the room.

Fan heaters are known for heating shopping centers, shops, warehouses, entertainment and sports facilities, concert halls, car dealerships, and greenhouses, in which the heating medium is water circulating in a two-row water heater consisting of copper tubes and aluminum fins, and air circulation is carried out using a fan driven by an electric motor, for example, a convector manufactured by MINIB, Czech Republic (electronic resources http://minib.msk.ru/, http://www.mos-teplo.ru/katalog-20110/vstraivaem ye-konvektory).

But these fan heaters have the following disadvantages:

- complex design, use expensive structural materials, have a small resource and reliability;

- elements of existing devices, for example, the most common flat steel radiators in Russia, cannot be used, which increases the cost and the complexity of reconstruction of the heating system.

The listed disadvantages of heating systems and heating devices have led to the fact that most, first of all, residential premises are equipped with additional electric heating devices - oil batteries or high-power fan heaters (that is, two heating systems are used: water and electric). The simultaneous inclusion of oil batteries or fan heaters in apartment buildings leads to an overload of electrical networks and their disconnection, as well as to an increase in the likelihood of fires.

A known screen for radiators of heating systems, adopted as a prototype, implements the principle of increasing natural heat transfer due to the pressure difference and providing directional air movement from the high pressure region to the low pressure region, containing a volumetric cladding surrounding the radiator, at least from the front side facing the heated room, and on the sides and having mounting holes and openings for air circulation, and means for attaching said cladding to the radiator made of a sheet of polymeric material with high thermal insulation properties, the air circulation openings are made in the form of at least one inlet and at least one outlet, while said air inlet and outlet openings are spaced apart along the height of the screen as far as possible (see RF patent No. 2133919, IPC F24D 19/06, F24H 9/02, publication date: 07/27/1999).

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions include:

- the design implements the principle of natural convection of the air coolant and therefore does not provide a high heat transfer rate and the possibility of its regulation by air;

- low reliability of flow control devices for liquid corrosive coolant containing mechanical impurities;

- the volumetric shape of the screen (box-shaped or teardrop-shaped design), providing for a large consumption of material, the complexity of manufacturing and installation, low air velocity, resulting in a small value of the heat transfer coefficient;

- the use of sheet polymer material with high thermal insulation properties (sheet polyvinyl chloride), which reduces the temperature of the outer surface of the screen, and, consequently, the effectiveness of radiation heating of the room;

- heating the walls of the room from the rear of the radiator (window-sill space);

- lack of control of the tightness of the radiator.

The objective of the invention is to provide a screen for radiators of water heating systems that do not have the disadvantages of the known technical solutions.

The author proposed a device, a comparative analysis of which and known technical solutions (analogues and prototype), allows us to conclude that the claimed screen for radiators of heating systems is different in that in accordance with the invention it is made flat, adjoins the surface of the radiator along its contour, is equipped with at least at least one fan, while the inner surface of the screen and the outer surface of the radiator form channels located between the air outlets from the fans and the openings connecting transtvo between the radiator and the screen with a heated room.

At the ends of the channels formed by the screen and the radiator, one or more reversible (supply and exhaust) fans are installed.

The screen is made of thin-walled heat-conducting material (steel, copper or aluminum alloys), is adjacent to the surface of the radiator along its contour, as well as along its entire plane, with the exception of channels for circulation of heated air, therefore it has almost the same temperature as the surface of the radiator.

The outer surface of the screen facing the wall of the room is covered with a layer of heat-insulating material.

The channels between the screen and the radiator are located (options):

- horizontally (single or multiple cross-flow of air and liquid coolant);

- vertically (single forward or reverse current).

In a 2- or 3-row radiator design, the fans are located on the end surface of the screen, which has a lattice air distributor.

The screen along its lower edge has an inclined groove, in the lower part of which a liquid film sensor is installed, connected to the radiator leakage alarm unit.

A comparison of the proposed device and the prototype showed that the task is to increase the efficiency of space heating due to the total heating of the air as a result of radiation heating, natural and forced air convection, simplifying the design, manufacturing technology and installation of the radiator screen, reducing its cost, the possibility of using one constructive screen design for installation both from the outside (facing the room) and from the inside frontal sides of the water radiator a (facing the wall of the room), the ability to control the intensity of heating the room by changing the fan performance from 0 to maximum, the radiator tightness control, is solved as a result of a new set of features, which proves the compliance of the invention with the patentability criterion of "novelty" "and" significant differences "

At the same time, the information search in the field of heat energy, in particular, the analysis of scientific, technical, industrial and advertising information about central and autonomous heat supply systems for premises in residential, public and industrial buildings, did not reveal solutions containing individual distinctive features of the claimed invention, which allows to conclude that the proposed method meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a radiator formed of two interconnected stamped metal sheets having inlet and outlet pipes connected to horizontal collectors and vertical channels for the passage of coolant (steam, water or antifreeze),

figure 2 shows a section A ₁ -A ₁ figure 1,

figure 3 shows a section B ₁ -B ₁ figure 1,

figure 4 shows the radiator screen with the lower location of the supply fans and the upper location of the holes for exhausting heated air at the ends of the vertical channels formed in the radiator and the screen (electrical communications and control unit are not shown),

figure 5 shows a section A ₂ -A ₂ figure 4,

figure 6 shows a section In ₂ -B ₂ figure 4,

7 shows a section G ₂ -G ₂ figure 4,

on Fig shows a radiator screen with a central location of the supply fan and the upper and lower locations of the holes at the end of the vertical channels formed by a flat screen and a radiator (a single forward and / or reverse flow of air and coolant),

figure 9 shows a section A ₃ -A _{3 of} Fig.8,

figure 10 shows a section B ₃ -B _{3 of} Fig.8,

11 shows a radiator screen with lateral locations of the supply fans and openings at the end of the horizontal channels (a single transverse flow of air and coolant),

12 shows a section A ₄ -A _{4 of} FIG. 11,

in Fig.13 shows a section In ₄ -B _{4 of} Fig.11,

on Fig shows a radiator screen with a diagonal arrangement of the supply and exhaust fans, while the screen does not have additional openings for discharging air (a single forward and / or reverse flow of air and coolant),

on Fig shows a section A ₅ -A ₅ Fig.14,

on Fig shows a section In ₅ -B ₅ Fig.14,

on Fig shows a radiator screen with an angular arrangement of the fan and holes for the release of heated air, made on horizontal channels, providing multiple transverse flow of air and liquid coolant,

on Fig shows a section In ₆ -B ₆ Fig.17,

in Fig.19 shows a section a ₆ -A ₆ Fig.17,

in Fig.20 shows a radiator screen with a diagonal arrangement of the supply and exhaust fans, while the screen has horizontal channels that provide multiple cross-flow of air and liquid coolant,

on Fig shows a section In ₇ -B _{7 of} Fig.20,

in Fig.22 shows a section a ₇ -A ₇ Fig.20,

on Fig shows a 2-row radiator and two screens with a lower end location of the supply fans, trellised air distributor and the upper location of the holes at the end of the vertical channels of the screen,

on Fig shows a section A ₈ -A ₈ Fig.23,

on Fig shows a layer of thermal insulation deposited on the outer surface of the screen facing the wall of the room (for example, in a window sill);

on Fig shows a radiator screen, the lower edge of which forms an inclined groove, in the lower part having a liquid film sensor connected to the radiator leakage alarm unit (electrical communications not shown).

on Fig shows a section A ₉ -A ₉ Fig.26.

Figure 1-27 shows a radiator 1 formed of two interconnected stamped metal sheets having inlet and outlet pipes 2 and 3, respectively, connected to horizontal upper 4 and lower 5 collectors, external stamped channels 6 and internal vertical channels 7 for liquid coolant passage (water or antifreeze), mounting holes 8 for mounting a screen 9 having stamped channels 10, a manifold 11, flanges with holes for installing fans 12, mounting holes for fans 13, valve yatora 14, decorative fan covers 15.

The screen 9 can be made in two versions: have round channels 16 (left side of FIG. 4) formed by stamping (channels 6) of both the radiator 1 and screen 9, or have semicircular channels 17 (right side of FIG. 4) formed stamping (channels 6) only in the radiator 1 and the flat inner surface of the screen 9.

Channels 16 and 17 end with openings 18 connecting the space between the radiator 1 and the screen 9 with a heated room. In 2 or 3-row radiators with end fans, there is a lattice air diffuser 19 with holes 20. On the surface of the screen 9 facing the wall of the room, a layer of thermal insulation 21 is applied.

The lower edge of the screen 9 may form an inclined groove 22, at the lower point of which liquid film sensors 23 are installed.

The proposed device operates as follows.

Radiator 1 is mounted on the room wall using mounting holes 8 and fasteners (for example, threaded rods - not shown).

The heating coolant (water, antifreeze or steam) enters through the pipe 2 to the upper collector 4, passes through the radiator 1 through channels 7, enters the lower collector 5 and leaves the radiator 1 through the pipe 3, heating the channels 6 made on the outer surface of the radiator 1 (Figs. 1-3).

On the surface of the radiator 1, one or two screens 9 are installed (on the outer and / or inner frontal surfaces), which form round and semicircular channels 16 or 17.

Fans 14, mounted on flanges with openings 12, are mounted on the air manifold 11 using the holes for fastening the fans 13, through the decorative covers 15, air is sucked into the channels 16 or 17, which passes and intensely heats up as it moves to the outlet 18 through which it enters the internal volume of the heated room (Fig.4-7).

Fans 14 can be of different types, sizes and performance (power). In this case, electric energy is used only to move air through the channels (for fan drive), while in analogues it is also used to heat the coolant.

To drive the fans, AC and / or DC motors can be used. In the latter case, fans can be used to pump air, similar to those used to cool the power supplies of personal computers or servers with low power consumption (10-20 watts), noise, high performance and resource (up to 10 thousand hours). When you turn off the electrical power in the building, a rechargeable battery can be used as a current source.

The choice of narrow and long channels 16 and / or 17 contributes to the intensification of heat transfer (Bezyukov OK, Ivanchenko A.A., Gerasimov OM, Kozev A.V. Rational heat transfer surfaces for SHE of marine diesel engines and generalized dependences for their calculation. Fuel utilization and increasing the efficiency of ship power plants. (Collected scientific tr. L., LIVT, 1989, p. 44-47).

For the intensification of heat transfer by turbulization of the air flow, the fans 14 can be made reversible (supply and exhaust).

In rooms where a high intensity of heating is not required, a screen 9 with a central arrangement of the air collector 11 and one fan 14 can be used. Moreover, the outlet openings 18 are located in the upper and lower parts of the screen 9, providing heating both during forward flow and counterflow of air (Figs. 8-10).

To intensify the heating of the premises, a variant of the screen 9 with a lateral arrangement of fans 14 and outlet openings 18 with a transverse air flow (Fig. 11-13) or a variant with a diagonal arrangement of 2 (supply and exhaust) fans 14 can be used, while screen 9 does not have additional openings for the release of air (Fig.14-16).

To intensify the heating of the premises, a variant of the screen 9 with an angular arrangement of a fan and openings for the release of heated air can be used, made on horizontal channels providing multiple backflow of air and liquid coolant (Fig.17-19).

To further intensify the heating of the premises, a variant of the radiator screen 9 can be used with a diagonal arrangement of the supply and exhaust fans, ensuring a long stay of air in the channels 16, its high speed, and therefore a high heat transfer coefficient. In this case, the screen 9 has horizontal channels 16, providing multiple cross-flow of air and liquid coolant (Fig.20-22).

In rooms with a large volume of air or large heat losses, it is advisable to use 2-row radiators with two screens 9 with a lower end arrangement of the supply fans 14, a lattice air distributor 19 along the lower end and an upper hole arrangement 18 at the end of the vertical channels 16.

To prevent unproductive heat losses due to heating of the wall in the window sill of the room, a layer of thermal insulation 21 is applied to the outer surface of the inner screen 9 (Fig.23-25).

To monitor the tightness of the radiator 1, the lower edge of the screen 9 forms an inclined groove 22, in the lower part having a liquid film sensor (for example, Bezyukov OK Smirnov BK Device for measuring the thickness of a liquid film. Copyright certificate No. 664020, BI No. 19, 1979), connected to the radiator leakage alarm unit (the alarm unit and electrical communications are not shown). The appearance of cracks in the radiator 1 leads to the dropping of liquid coolant droplets on the surface of the radiator into the inclined groove 22 and then to the coaxial sensor 23, the closure of the electrodes of which leads to the appearance of a light or sound signal about an emergency situation (Figs. 26-27).

The above allows us to conclude that the invention meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Thus, the achieved technical result of the invention is:

- improving the efficiency of heating rooms due to the total heating of the air as a result of both radiation heating, natural and forced convection of air. The latter type of heat transfer has a 6-10 times higher heat transfer coefficient than with natural convection (see Bezyukov OK and other Heat Engineering. Sat problems. - SPb .: FSEI HPE SPGUVK, 2010, p.266-287; Lukanin V. N. et al. Heat engineering. - M.: VSh, 2000, p. 281, tab. 6.2), which allows several times to reduce the heat transfer surface and the overall dimensions of the radiator or, at the same surface, to increase the heating intensity of the room;

- the ability to reduce the temperature of the coolant (water) without reducing the efficiency of heating the premises, which contributes to a sharp decrease in heat loss during its transportation from the boiler room to the heated room,

- simplification of the design, manufacturing technology and installation of the radiator screen (especially with one-sided installation of the screen on the outer surface of the radiator) and reducing its cost;

- the ability to use the same screens for installation both from the outer (facing the room side), and from the front (facing the wall of the room) front sides of the water radiator,

- a sharp decrease in energy consumption compared to oil batteries and fan heaters (25-100 times), in which electricity is spent mainly on heating the coolant, while in the proposed devices only for pumping air through the channels between the radiator and the screen;

- the ability to control the intensity of heating the room by changing the fan performance from 0 to maximum (saving and comfort modes, day and night modes), implementing control using iPad, iPhone and iPod touch, other remote and Internet technologies (multi-zone climate control - in Each room in each period of the day maintains its own temperature).

- monitoring the tightness of the radiator,

- minimum public and individual costs resulting from the use of the most common steel plate radiators already installed in millions of rooms as part of the heater.

Claims (8)

1. The screen for radiators of heating systems, installed on the radiator of the heating system, at least from the side facing the heated room, and having mounting holes and mounting means, characterized in that it adjoins the surface of the radiator along its circuit, is provided with at least at least one fan, while the inner surface of the screen and the outer surface of the radiator form channels located between the fan and the holes connecting the space between the radiator and the screen with the heated room. 2. The screen for radiators of heating systems according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of thin-walled heat-conducting material. 3. The screen for radiators of heating systems according to claim 1, characterized in that the fans are made reversible (supply and exhaust). 4. The screen for radiators of heating systems according to claim 1, characterized in that the channels between the screen and the radiator are located horizontally (one or multiple cross-flow of air and liquid coolant) with a lateral arrangement of fans. 5. The screen for radiators of heating systems according to claim 1, characterized in that the channels between the screen and the radiator are arranged vertically (single forward and / or reverse current). 6. The screen for radiators of heating systems according to claim 1, characterized in that in the 2- or 3-row design of the radiator, the fans are located on the end surface of the screen, which has a lattice air distributor. 7. The screen for radiators of heating systems according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer surface of the screen facing the wall of the room is covered with a layer of heat-insulating material. 8. The screen for radiators of heating systems according to claim 1, characterized in that an inclined groove is formed along its lower edge, in the lower part of which a liquid film sensor is mounted connected to the radiator leakage alarm unit.

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