WO2014046177A1 - 生産性評価方法、生産性評価装置、プログラム、及び記録媒体 - Google Patents
生産性評価方法、生産性評価装置、プログラム、及び記録媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014046177A1 WO2014046177A1 PCT/JP2013/075292 JP2013075292W WO2014046177A1 WO 2014046177 A1 WO2014046177 A1 WO 2014046177A1 JP 2013075292 W JP2013075292 W JP 2013075292W WO 2014046177 A1 WO2014046177 A1 WO 2014046177A1
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 492
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 52
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
- C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/10—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using catalysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/04—Manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/30—Computing systems specially adapted for manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/20—Oxygen containing
- Y10T436/203332—Hydroxyl containing
- Y10T436/204165—Ethanol
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a productivity evaluation method, a productivity evaluation device, a program, and a recording medium.
- the present invention relates to a productivity evaluation method for evaluating the productivity of chemical substances, a productivity evaluation apparatus, a program for causing a computer to function as the productivity evaluation apparatus, and a recording medium on which the program is recorded.
- Patent Document 1 In the production technology of chemical substances such as ethanol, development of technology to convert waste materials into gas by catalytic reaction after gasification is progressing. Various techniques related to such a background are known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 describes a waste recycling method for carbonizing various wastes such as food residues, woody biomass, rice husks, agricultural residues, activated sludge, and waste plastics, and regenerating useful liquid fuel.
- solid waste is put together with superheated steam into a carbonization gasification furnace inclined downward from the inlet side toward the outlet side.
- the waste is carbonized by pyrolysis without being burned by being indirectly heated in an air-blocked state by an electric heater in the carbonization gasification furnace.
- the amount of carbide deposited in the furnace is increased toward the outlet side, and a water gas shift reaction is caused by the heat of the carbide to generate dry distillation gas mainly composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
- the carbonized gas is converted into a liquid fuel using a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst.
- the production evaluation method includes a first step of obtaining gas from waste, and a second step of synthesizing a chemical substance using the gas obtained in the first step as a raw material with a catalyst.
- a first carbon mass calculation stage for calculating the mass of carbon contained in the waste when producing the chemical substance by the production method including the steps of: and the mass of the carbon contained in the chemical substance produced by the production method Of the chemical substance based on the second carbon mass calculation stage for calculating the carbon mass, the carbon mass calculated in the first carbon mass calculation stage, and the carbon mass calculated in the second carbon mass calculation stage.
- a productivity evaluation stage for evaluating productivity.
- the production evaluation method includes a third carbon mass calculation stage for calculating the mass of carbon contained in the gas obtained in the first step, and the emission in the first step.
- the production evaluation method according to the first aspect of the present invention calculates the mass of carbon contained in the auxiliary combustor used in the first step when the auxiliary combustor is used in the first step.
- the carbon mass calculation stage is further provided, and in the first carbon mass calculation stage, the mass of carbon contained in the waste is calculated based on the carbon mass calculated in the fifth carbon mass calculation stage ( It is the productivity evaluation method as described in 2). That is, the production evaluation method according to the first aspect of the present invention calculates the mass of carbon contained in the auxiliary combustor used in the first step when the auxiliary combustor is used in the first step.
- a carbon mass calculation stage wherein in the first carbon mass calculation stage, the mass of carbon calculated in the third carbon mass calculation stage and the mass of carbon calculated in the fourth carbon mass calculation stage
- the productivity evaluation method according to (2) wherein the mass of carbon contained in the waste is calculated based on the mass of carbon calculated in the fifth carbon mass calculation step.
- the production evaluation method according to the first aspect of the present invention further includes a carbon dioxide emission calculating step for calculating carbon dioxide emission due to energy use in the first step.
- the production evaluation method according to the first aspect of the present invention calculates the mass of carbon contained in the compound of CxHyOz as the chemical substance in the second carbon mass calculation stage, and in the productivity evaluation stage, The productivity evaluation method according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the productivity of a CxHyOz compound as a chemical substance is evaluated.
- the charging system according to the second aspect of the present invention provides a charging fee for the waste based on the productivity of the chemical substance obtained by the productivity evaluation method described in (1) to (5). Fluctuate.
- a productivity evaluation apparatus includes a first step of obtaining gas from waste, and a first step of synthesizing a chemical substance using the gas obtained in the first step as a raw material with a catalyst.
- Production of chemical substances based on the second carbon mass calculation unit for calculating mass, the mass of carbon calculated by the first carbon mass calculation unit, and the mass of carbon calculated by the second carbon mass calculation unit A productivity evaluation unit that evaluates productivity.
- the program according to the fourth aspect of the present invention is a program for synthesizing a computer into a chemical substance using a catalyst using a gas obtained from the first process as a raw material and a gas obtained from the first process.
- a first carbon mass calculation unit for calculating the mass of carbon contained in the waste when producing the chemical substance by the production method including the step 2, and the mass of the carbon contained in the chemical substance produced by the production method Based on the mass of the carbon calculated by the second carbon mass calculation unit, the first carbon mass calculation unit, and the carbon mass calculated by the second carbon mass calculation unit, the productivity of the chemical substance is calculated. It functions as a productivity evaluation unit to be evaluated.
- a recording medium on which a program for causing a computer to function is recorded, wherein the computer obtains gas from waste and gas obtained in the first step.
- a first carbon mass calculation unit for calculating the mass of carbon contained in waste when producing a chemical substance by a production method including a second step of synthesizing a chemical substance using a catalyst as a raw material, and a production method The second carbon mass calculation unit that calculates the mass of carbon contained in the chemical substance produced by the first, the carbon mass calculated by the first carbon mass calculation unit, and the carbon calculated by the second carbon mass calculation unit
- a program that functions as a productivity evaluation unit that evaluates the productivity of a chemical substance based on the mass is recorded.
- the ethanol production method includes a first step of obtaining gas from waste and a second step of synthesizing a chemical substance using a catalyst obtained from the gas obtained in the first step as a raw material.
- the waste is, for example, general waste such as combustible waste from home, paper waste, wood waste, sewage sludge, fiber waste, pruned branches, animal and plant residues, animal and vegetable oil, meat and bone meal, waste solid fuel, manure, It can be broadly classified into biological resource-derived waste such as wood chips and organic sludge, and petroleum-derived waste such as plastic.
- ethanol may be an example of “chemical substance” and “compound of CxHyOz” in the present invention.
- the first step is a process of converting waste into a gas state containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen by thermal decomposition and chemical reaction in a high temperature field.
- the high temperature field include a pyrolysis furnace and a melting furnace.
- the residue may be discharged without completely converting the waste into a gas state.
- a combustion aid may be used.
- examples of the auxiliary combustor include liquefied petroleum gas, light oil, coke, mineral oil, heavy oil, coal, natural gas, kerosene, and edible oil.
- a synthesis gas in which the composition ratio of carbon monoxide and hydrogen contained in the gas generated in the first step is adjusted is introduced into a reactor filled with various catalysts, and a metal catalyst It is a process in which a reaction for synthesizing ethanol by heating or cooling under a microbial catalyst is performed.
- a metal catalyst is used, ethanol is generated in a gaseous state because a synthesis reaction is performed at a high temperature.
- the synthesis reaction is performed at a temperature that does not kill the microorganisms, so ethanol is generated in a liquid state.
- various side reaction products such as acetaldehyde, acetic acid, methanol, and methane are generated.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the procedure of the productivity evaluation method according to the first embodiment.
- this procedure a method for evaluating ethanol productivity will be described in detail when ethanol is produced by the production method described above.
- the mass M1 of carbon contained in the waste is calculated (S101).
- the mass M1 of the carbon contained in the waste can be calculated by multiplying the weight of the waste by the ratio of the carbon contained in the waste with respect to the entire waste.
- the weight of the waste can be calculated, for example, by subtracting the weight of the garbage truck when no waste is loaded from the weight of the garbage truck when the waste is loaded. Moreover, when the kind of the thing contained in a waste is uniform, the weight of a waste can be calculated by multiplying the volume of a waste and the density of the thing contained in a waste, for example.
- the ratio of carbon contained in the waste with respect to the entire waste can be calculated by, for example, elemental analysis.
- the elemental analysis method is a method for obtaining a composition ratio of a specific element in a compound.
- the elemental analysis method is a method for obtaining a composition ratio of a specific element in a compound.
- the elemental analysis method is a method for obtaining a composition ratio of a specific element in a compound.
- the elemental analysis method is a method for obtaining a composition ratio of a specific element in a compound.
- the elemental analysis method is a method for obtaining a composition ratio of a specific element in a compound.
- the composition formula of the organic compound can be obtained from the mass of generated water and carbon dioxide.
- carbon it can be calculated by collecting carbon dioxide, measuring the total amount, and multiplying the total amount by the atomic weight of C / molecular weight of CO2.
- the percentage of carbon contained in the waste relative to the entire waste is, for example, The ratio of the waste derived from biological resources in the waste multiplied by the ratio of the carbon contained in the waste derived from the biological resources and the ratio of the petroleum derived waste contained in the waste It can be calculated by adding the value multiplied by the ratio of carbon contained in the waste.
- the ratio of the carbon contained in the waste with respect to the entire waste is, for example, the waste with respect to the entire waste for each collection destination calculated in advance by the method described above.
- a database showing the proportion of carbon contained in the object can be created and specified by referring to the database.
- the mass M2 of carbon contained in the ethanol produced by the production method described above is calculated (S102).
- the mass M2 of carbon contained in ethanol can be calculated by multiplying the weight of ethanol by the proportion of the mass of ethanol molecules occupied by the mass of carbon atoms.
- ethanol productivity is evaluated based on the carbon mass M1 calculated in step S101 and the carbon mass M2 calculated in step S102 (S103).
- the productivity of ethanol is obtained by dividing the mass of carbon M1 by the mass of carbon M2, that is, the mass of carbon contained in ethanol produced from the waste relative to the mass of carbon M1 contained in the waste. Evaluation is based on the ratio of M2. For example, when the ratio of the mass M2 of carbon contained in ethanol produced from the waste to the mass M1 of carbon contained in waste is X (%), the productivity of ethanol, that is, ethanol from waste The degree of efficiency in production is evaluated as X (%).
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a block configuration of the productivity evaluation apparatus 110 according to the first embodiment.
- the productivity evaluation apparatus 110 is an apparatus that evaluates ethanol productivity.
- the productivity evaluation apparatus 110 according to the first embodiment includes a first carbon mass calculation unit 111, a second carbon mass calculation unit 112, and a productivity evaluation unit 113.
- a productivity evaluation unit 113 the function and operation of each component will be described in detail.
- the first carbon mass calculation unit 111 calculates the mass M1 of carbon contained in the waste.
- the second carbon mass calculation unit 112 calculates the mass M2 of carbon contained in ethanol.
- the productivity evaluation unit 113 evaluates ethanol productivity based on the carbon mass M1 calculated by the first carbon mass calculation unit 111 and the carbon mass M2 calculated by the second carbon mass calculation unit 112. To do.
- the first carbon mass calculation unit 111 of the productivity evaluation apparatus 110 calculates the mass M1 of carbon contained in the waste (S101). For example, the first carbon mass calculation unit 111 calculates the mass M1 of carbon contained in the waste by multiplying the weight of the waste by the ratio of carbon contained in the waste with respect to the entire waste.
- the first carbon mass calculation unit 111 receives input of information on the weight of the garbage truck when the waste is loaded and information on the weight of the garbage truck when the waste is not loaded. . Such information may be input from an input device such as a keyboard, a mouse, or a touch panel, or may be input from a measuring device that measures the weight of the garbage truck. Then, the first carbon mass calculation unit 111 subtracts the weight of the garbage collection vehicle when the waste is not loaded from the weight of the garbage collection vehicle when the waste is loaded. Calculate the weight.
- the first carbon mass calculation unit 111 accepts input of information on the volume of waste and information on the density of objects contained in the waste.
- the information on the volume of the waste may be input from an input device such as a keyboard, a mouse, or a touch panel, or may be input from a measuring device that measures the volume of the waste.
- the information on the density of the waste contained in the waste may be input from an input device such as a keyboard, a mouse, or a touch panel, or may be input from a measuring device that measures the density of the waste contained in the waste. Also good.
- the 1st carbon mass calculation part 111 calculates the weight of a waste by multiplying the volume of a waste, and the density of the thing contained in a waste.
- the first carbon mass calculation unit 111 accepts input of information on the proportion of carbon contained in waste with respect to the total waste calculated by elemental analysis. This information may be input from an input device such as a keyboard, a mouse, or a touch panel, or may be input from an elemental analyzer.
- the first carbon mass calculation unit 111 is configured to provide information on the ratio of the biological resource-derived waste and the ratio of the petroleum-derived waste contained in the waste to the entire waste, and the total of the biological resource-derived waste. Input of information on the proportion of carbon contained in biological resource-derived waste and information on the proportion of carbon contained in petroleum-derived waste relative to the entire petroleum-derived waste is accepted. Such information is input from an input device such as a keyboard, a mouse, or a touch panel. And the 1st carbon mass calculation part 111 is contained in the waste derived from biological resources with respect to the whole waste derived from biological resources in the ratio of the waste derived from biological resources contained in the waste with respect to the whole waste, for example.
- the value obtained by multiplying the ratio of carbon and the ratio of the petroleum-derived waste contained in the waste to the total waste and the ratio of the carbon contained in the petroleum-derived waste to the entire petroleum-derived waste Is added to calculate the ratio of carbon contained in waste to the total waste.
- the first carbon mass calculation unit 111 accepts input of information on a waste collection destination. This information is input from an input device such as a keyboard, a mouse, or a touch panel. Then, the first carbon mass calculation unit 111 refers to the database indicating the ratio of carbon contained in the waste for each collection destination that has been calculated in advance by the method as described above, and the carbon contained in the waste. Identify the percentage of
- the 1st carbon mass calculation part 111 calculates the mass M1 of the carbon contained in a waste by multiplying the weight of a waste, and the ratio of the carbon contained in a waste. Then, the first carbon mass calculation unit 111 sends data indicating the calculated carbon mass M ⁇ b> 1 to the productivity evaluation unit 113.
- the second carbon mass calculation unit 112 of the productivity evaluation apparatus 110 calculates the mass M2 of carbon contained in the ethanol produced by the production method described above (S102). For example, the second carbon mass calculation unit 112 receives input of information on the weight of ethanol. This information may be input from an input device such as a keyboard, a mouse, or a touch panel, or may be input from a measuring device that measures the weight of ethanol. And the 2nd carbon mass calculation part 112 calculates the mass M2 of the carbon contained in ethanol by multiplying the weight of ethanol and the ratio for which the mass of a carbon atom accounts among the mass of an ethanol molecule. Then, the second carbon mass calculation unit 112 sends data indicating the calculated carbon mass M ⁇ b> 2 to the productivity evaluation unit 113.
- the productivity evaluation unit 113 of the productivity evaluation apparatus 110 receives the data sent from the first carbon mass calculation unit 111 and the data sent from the second carbon mass calculation unit 112, respectively.
- the productivity evaluation unit 113 is based on the carbon mass M1 indicated by the data received from the first carbon mass calculation unit 111 and the carbon mass M2 indicated by the data received from the second carbon mass calculation unit 112.
- the productivity of ethanol is evaluated (S103).
- the productivity evaluation unit 113 calculates a value obtained by dividing the mass of carbon M1 by the mass of carbon M2, that is, the mass of carbon contained in the ethanol produced from the waste with respect to the mass of carbon M1 contained in the waste. Based on the ratio of mass M2, ethanol productivity is evaluated.
- the productivity evaluation unit 113 determines the productivity of ethanol, That is, it is evaluated that the degree of efficiency in producing ethanol from waste is X (%).
- the productivity evaluation method As described above, in the productivity evaluation method according to the first embodiment, the first step of obtaining gas from waste and the gas obtained in the first step are reacted with a catalyst to chemically react ethanol.
- a catalyst When producing ethanol by a production method including the second step of synthesis, the mass of carbon contained in the waste is calculated.
- the mass of carbon contained in ethanol produced by this production method is calculated. And this method evaluates the productivity of ethanol based on the mass of carbon contained in the waste and the mass of carbon contained in ethanol.
- ethanol productivity can be rationally evaluated when ethanol is produced from waste.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of the procedure of the productivity evaluation method according to the second embodiment.
- this procedure a method for evaluating the productivity of ethanol by calculating the mass M1 of carbon contained in the waste by a procedure different from that of the first embodiment will be described in detail.
- reference is also made to FIG. Moreover, among the procedures shown in FIG. 3, the procedures given the same reference numerals as the procedures shown in FIG. 1 show the same procedures.
- the mass M3 of carbon contained in the gas obtained in the first step of the production method described above is calculated (S201).
- the mass M3 of the carbon contained in the gas can be calculated by multiplying the mass of the molecule containing the carbon atom contained in the gas by the proportion of the mass of the molecule occupied by the mass of the carbon atom.
- the mass M3 of carbon contained in the gas is the ratio of the mass of the molecule and the mass of the carbon atom in the mass of the molecule for each molecule. Can be calculated by multiplying and adding each value.
- the mass of each molecule contained in the gas can be calculated, for example, by multiplying the ratio of each molecule contained in the gas with respect to the entire gas and the mass of the gas.
- the ratio of each molecule contained in the gas with respect to the entire gas can be analyzed using, for example, a gas chromatography detection device.
- the mass of the gas can be calculated by, for example, a gas equation of state if the pressure, temperature, and volume of the gas flowing in the pipe are known.
- the volume of the gas can be calculated, for example, by multiplying the cross-sectional area of the pipe, the gas flow velocity, and the time during which the gas has continued to flow.
- the mass M4 of carbon contained in the residue discharged in the first step of the production method described above is calculated (S202).
- the mass M4 of carbon contained in the residue can be calculated based on the mass of the residue, the type of each atom contained in the residue, and the proportion of carbon contained in the residue.
- the kind of each atom contained in the residue and the ratio of carbon contained in the residue can be analyzed by, for example, elemental analysis.
- the mass M1 of carbon contained in the waste is calculated (S203).
- the mass M1 of carbon contained in the waste can be calculated by adding the mass M3 of carbon contained in the gas and the mass M4 of carbon contained in the residue.
- the mass M1 of carbon contained in the waste is not calculated by simply adding the mass M3 of carbon contained in the gas and the mass M4 of carbon contained in the residue. You may calculate with reference to the efficiency etc. which obtain gas from the calculated waste.
- the mass M2 of carbon contained in ethanol is calculated (S102), and the mass M1 of carbon contained in waste and ethanol are calculated.
- the productivity of ethanol is evaluated based on the mass M2 of carbon contained in (S103).
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a block configuration of the productivity evaluation apparatus 210 according to the second embodiment.
- the productivity evaluation apparatus 210 according to the second embodiment includes a third carbon mass calculation unit 211, a fourth carbon mass calculation unit 212, a first carbon mass calculation unit 213, and a second carbon mass calculation unit 112, And a productivity evaluation unit 113.
- a productivity evaluation unit 113 the function and operation of each component will be described in detail.
- the components of the productivity evaluation device 210 shown in FIG. 4 have the same functions and operations. Indicates.
- the third carbon mass calculation unit 211 calculates the mass M3 of carbon contained in the gas obtained in the first step of the production method described above.
- 4th carbon mass calculation part 212 calculates carbon mass M4 contained in the residue discharged
- the first carbon mass calculation unit 213 Based on the carbon mass M3 calculated by the third carbon mass calculation unit 211 and the carbon mass M4 calculated by the fourth carbon mass calculation unit 212, the first carbon mass calculation unit 213 applies the waste to the waste. The mass M1 of carbon contained is calculated.
- the third carbon mass calculation unit 211 of the productivity evaluation apparatus 210 calculates the mass M3 of carbon contained in the gas obtained in the first step of the production method described above (S201). For example, the third carbon mass calculation unit 211 multiplies the mass of the molecule containing the carbon atom contained in the gas by the proportion of the mass of the molecule occupied by the mass of the carbon atom. The mass M3 is calculated.
- the third carbon mass calculator 211 calculates the mass M3 of carbon included in the gas as follows. First, for each of a plurality of types of molecules, the mass of the molecule is multiplied by the proportion of the mass of the molecule occupied by the mass of carbon atoms. By adding the obtained values, the mass M3 of carbon contained in the gas is calculated.
- the third carbon mass calculation unit 211 calculates the mass of each molecule contained in the gas by multiplying the ratio of each molecule contained in the gas and the mass of the gas.
- the third carbon mass calculation unit 211 receives input of information on the proportion of each molecule contained in the gas. This information may be input from an input device such as a keyboard, a mouse, or a touch panel, or may be input from a gas chromatography detection device.
- an input device such as a keyboard, a mouse, or a touch panel, or may be input from a gas chromatography detection device.
- the third carbon mass calculation unit 211 receives input of information on the pressure, temperature, and volume of the gas flowing in the pipe.
- the pressure information may be input from an input device such as a keyboard, a mouse, or a touch panel, or may be input from a measurement device that measures the pressure in the pipe.
- the temperature information may be input from an input device such as a keyboard, a mouse, or a touch panel, or may be input from a measuring device that measures the temperature in the pipe.
- the volume information may be input from an input device such as a keyboard, a mouse, or a touch panel, or may be input from a measuring device that measures the volumetric flow rate in the pipe. You may calculate by multiplying the flow rate and the time which the gas continued flowing. And the 3rd carbon mass calculation part 211 calculates the mass of gas by gas state equation based on such information.
- the 3rd carbon mass calculation part 211 multiplies the mass of the molecule
- data indicating the calculated carbon mass M3 is sent to the first carbon mass calculation unit 213.
- the fourth carbon mass calculator 212 of the productivity evaluation apparatus 210 calculates the carbon mass M4 contained in the residue discharged in the first step of the production method described above (S201). For example, the fourth carbon mass calculation unit 212 calculates the mass M4 of carbon contained in the residue based on the mass of the residue, the type of each atom contained in the residue, and the proportion of carbon contained in the residue. .
- the fourth carbon mass calculation unit 212 receives input of information on the mass of the residue, information on the type of each atom contained in the residue, and information on the proportion of carbon contained in the residue.
- the information on the mass of the residue may be input from an input device such as a keyboard, a mouse, or a touch panel, or may be input from a measuring device that measures the mass of the residue.
- the information on the type of each atom contained in the residue and the information on the proportion of carbon contained in the residue may be input from an input device such as a keyboard, a mouse, or a touch panel, or may be input from an elemental analyzer. Good.
- the 4th carbon mass calculation part 212 will calculate the mass M4 of the carbon contained in a residue based on the mass of a residue, the kind of each atom contained in a residue, and the ratio of the carbon contained in a residue.
- the data indicating the calculated carbon mass M4 is sent to the first carbon mass calculation unit 213.
- the first carbon mass calculation unit 213 of the productivity evaluation apparatus 210 receives the data sent from the third carbon mass calculation unit 211 and the data sent from the fourth carbon mass calculation unit 212, respectively. Included in the waste based on the carbon mass M3 indicated by the data received from the third carbon mass calculator 211 and the carbon mass M4 indicated by the data received from the fourth carbon mass calculator 212 The mass M1 of carbon is calculated (S203). For example, the first carbon mass calculation unit 213 calculates the mass M1 of carbon contained in the waste by adding the mass M3 of carbon contained in the gas and the mass M4 of carbon contained in the residue. Further, for example, the first carbon mass calculation unit 213 further refers to information such as the efficiency of obtaining gas from waste calculated in advance by experiments or the like, and calculates the mass M1 of carbon contained in the waste.
- the productivity evaluation apparatus 210 which concerns on 2nd Embodiment calculates the mass M2 of the carbon contained in ethanol similarly to the productivity evaluation apparatus 110 which concerns on 1st Embodiment (S102), and waste
- the ethanol productivity is evaluated based on the carbon mass M1 contained in the carbon and the carbon mass M2 contained in the ethanol (S103).
- the productivity evaluation method calculates the mass M3 of carbon contained in the gas obtained in the first step of the production method described above. And this method calculates the mass M4 of carbon contained in the residue discharged
- the mass M4 of carbon contained in the residue can be easily calculated. From this, as compared with the productivity evaluation method according to the first embodiment, the mass M1 of carbon contained in the waste can be calculated more easily and accurately. Therefore, the productivity of ethanol can be evaluated more easily and accurately.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of the procedure of the productivity evaluation method according to the third embodiment.
- this procedure a method for evaluating ethanol productivity in the case where a combustion aid is used in the first step of the production method described above will be described in detail.
- FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 are referred to.
- the procedures given the same reference numerals as the procedures shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 show the same procedures.
- the mass M3 of carbon contained in the gas obtained in the first step of the production method described above is calculated (S201).
- the mass M4 of carbon contained in the residue discharged in the first step of the production method described above is calculated (S202).
- the mass M5 of carbon contained in the auxiliary combustor used in the first step of the production method described above is calculated (S301).
- the mass M5 of carbon contained in the auxiliary combustor can be calculated by multiplying the mass of the auxiliary combustor by the ratio of the mass of carbon atoms constituting the auxiliary combustor.
- the mass M1 of contained carbon is calculated (S302).
- the mass M1 of carbon contained in the waste is obtained by subtracting the mass M5 of carbon contained in the auxiliary combustor from the mass obtained by adding the mass M3 of carbon contained in the gas and the mass M4 of carbon contained in the residue. Can be calculated.
- the mass M2 of carbon contained in ethanol is calculated (S102), and the mass M1 of carbon contained in waste and ethanol are calculated.
- the productivity of ethanol is evaluated based on the mass M2 of carbon contained in (S103).
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a block configuration of the productivity evaluation apparatus 310 according to the third embodiment.
- the productivity evaluation apparatus 310 according to the third embodiment includes a third carbon mass calculation unit 211, a fourth carbon mass calculation unit 212, a fifth carbon mass calculation unit 311, a first carbon mass calculation unit 312, A second carbon mass calculation unit 112 and a productivity evaluation unit 113 are included.
- a productivity evaluation unit 113 includes a third carbon mass calculation unit 211, a fourth carbon mass calculation unit 212, a fifth carbon mass calculation unit 311, a first carbon mass calculation unit 312, A second carbon mass calculation unit 112 and a productivity evaluation unit 113 are included.
- the function and operation of each component will be described in detail.
- the same reference numerals as those of the productivity evaluation device 110 shown in FIG. 2 and the productivity evaluation device 210 shown in FIG. The components exhibit similar functions and operations.
- the fifth carbon mass calculation unit 311 calculates the mass M5 of carbon contained in the auxiliary combustor used in the first step of the production process described above.
- the first carbon mass calculation unit 312 includes a carbon mass M3 calculated by the third carbon mass calculation unit 211, a carbon mass M4 calculated by the fourth carbon mass calculation unit 212, and a fifth carbon mass calculation. Based on the carbon mass M5 calculated by the unit 311, the mass M1 of carbon contained in the waste is calculated.
- the productivity evaluation apparatus 310 according to the third embodiment is similar to the productivity evaluation apparatus 210 according to the second embodiment, and the carbon contained in the gas obtained in the first step of the production method described above. Mass M3 is calculated (S201). Further, the productivity evaluation device 310 calculates the mass M4 of carbon contained in the residue discharged in the first step of the production method described above (S202).
- the 5th carbon mass calculation part 311 of the productivity evaluation apparatus 310 calculates the mass M5 of the carbon contained in the auxiliary combustion agent used in the 1st process of the production method mentioned above (S301).
- the fifth carbon mass calculation unit 311 calculates the mass M5 of carbon contained in the auxiliary combustor by multiplying the mass of the auxiliary combustor by the ratio of the mass of carbon atoms constituting the auxiliary combustor.
- the fifth carbon mass calculation unit 311 accepts input of information on the mass of the auxiliary combustor and information on the proportion of the mass of carbon atoms constituting the auxiliary combustor. These pieces of information may be input from an input device such as a keyboard, a mouse, or a touch panel, or may be set in advance.
- the fifth carbon mass calculation unit 311 calculates the mass M5 of carbon contained in the auxiliary combustion agent by multiplying the mass of the auxiliary combustion agent and the ratio of the mass of the carbon atoms constituting the auxiliary combustion agent. Data indicating the carbon mass M5 is sent to the first carbon mass calculator 312.
- the first carbon mass calculation unit 312 of the productivity evaluation apparatus 310 includes data sent from the third carbon mass calculation unit 211, data sent from the fourth carbon mass calculation unit 212, and fifth carbon.
- the data sent from the mass calculator 311 is received.
- the first carbon mass calculation unit 312 includes the carbon mass M3 indicated by the data received from the third carbon mass calculation unit 211 and the carbon mass M4 indicated by the data received from the fourth carbon mass calculation unit 212. Then, based on the carbon mass M5 indicated by the data received from the fifth carbon mass calculation unit 311, the carbon mass M1 contained in the waste is calculated (S302).
- the first carbon mass calculation unit 312 subtracts the mass M5 of carbon contained in the auxiliary combustor from the mass obtained by adding the mass M3 of carbon contained in the gas and the mass M4 of carbon contained in the residue.
- the mass M1 of carbon contained in the waste is calculated.
- the productivity evaluation apparatus 310 which concerns on 3rd Embodiment calculates the mass M2 of the carbon contained in ethanol similarly to the productivity evaluation apparatus 110 which concerns on 1st Embodiment (S102), and waste
- the ethanol productivity is evaluated based on the carbon mass M1 contained in the carbon and the carbon mass M2 contained in the ethanol (S103).
- the productivity evaluation method according to the third embodiment is included in the auxiliary combustor used in the first step when the auxiliary combustor is used in the first step of the production process described above.
- Calculate the mass of carbon This method calculates the mass M1 of carbon contained in the waste based on the mass M3 of carbon contained in the gas, the mass M4 of carbon contained in the residue, and the mass M5 of carbon contained in the auxiliary combustor. calculate.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of the procedure of the productivity evaluation method according to the fourth embodiment.
- this procedure a method for evaluating ethanol productivity will be described in detail, taking into account the carbon dioxide emission due to energy use in the first step of the production method described above.
- FIG. 7 the procedures given the same reference numerals as the procedures shown in FIG. 1 indicate the same procedures.
- the mass M1 of carbon contained in the waste is calculated (S101), and the ethanol produced by the above-described production method is calculated.
- the mass M2 of carbon contained in is calculated (S102).
- the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by using energy in the first step of the production method described above is calculated (S401).
- the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by energy use is the amount of carbon dioxide emitted per unit consumption of energy used in a pyrolysis furnace or melting furnace, and the energy actually used in the pyrolysis furnace or melting furnace. It can be calculated by multiplying the consumption.
- Ethanol productivity is evaluated (S402).
- the productivity of ethanol is evaluated based on the value obtained by dividing the mass obtained by adding the mass of carbon contained in the discharged carbon dioxide by the mass M2 of carbon to the mass M1 of carbon. That is, the productivity of ethanol is the mass M2 of carbon contained in ethanol produced from the waste with respect to the total mass of the mass M1 of carbon contained in the waste and the mass of carbon contained in the discharged carbon dioxide. Based on the percentage of
- FIG. 8 shows an example of a block configuration of the productivity evaluation apparatus 410 according to the fourth embodiment.
- a productivity evaluation apparatus 410 according to the fourth embodiment includes a first carbon mass calculation unit 111, a second carbon mass calculation unit 112, a carbon dioxide emission calculation unit 411, and a productivity evaluation unit 412.
- a productivity evaluation unit 412 includes a first carbon mass calculation unit 111, a second carbon mass calculation unit 112, a carbon dioxide emission calculation unit 411, and a productivity evaluation unit 412.
- the constituent elements of the productivity evaluation apparatus 410 shown in FIG. 8 the constituent elements having the same names as those of the productivity evaluation apparatus 110 shown in FIG. 2 have the same functions and operations.
- the carbon dioxide emission calculation unit 411 calculates the carbon dioxide emission due to the use of energy in the first step of the production method described above.
- the productivity evaluation unit 412 includes the carbon mass calculated by the first carbon mass calculation unit 111, the carbon mass calculated by the second carbon mass calculation unit 112, and the carbon dioxide emission calculated by the carbon dioxide emission calculation unit 411. Evaluate ethanol productivity based on carbon emissions.
- the productivity evaluation apparatus 410 calculates the mass M1 of carbon contained in the waste, similarly to the productivity evaluation apparatus 110 according to the first embodiment (S101).
- the productivity evaluation device 410 calculates the mass M2 of carbon contained in the ethanol produced by the production method described above (S102).
- the carbon dioxide emission calculation part 411 of the productivity evaluation apparatus 410 calculates the carbon dioxide emission by the energy use in the 1st process of the production method mentioned above (S401).
- the carbon dioxide emission calculation unit 411 includes a known emission amount of carbon dioxide per unit consumption of energy used in a pyrolysis furnace or a melting furnace, and energy actually used in the pyrolysis furnace or melting furnace. The amount of carbon dioxide emitted by energy use is calculated by multiplying the amount of consumption.
- the carbon dioxide emission calculation unit 411 accepts input of information on energy consumption actually used in a pyrolysis furnace or a melting furnace. This information may be input from an input device such as a keyboard, a mouse, or a touch panel, or may be input from a control device for a pyrolysis furnace or a melting furnace.
- an input device such as a keyboard, a mouse, or a touch panel, or may be input from a control device for a pyrolysis furnace or a melting furnace.
- the carbon dioxide emission calculation unit 411 includes a known emission amount of carbon dioxide per unit consumption of energy used in the pyrolysis furnace and melting furnace, and energy actually used in the pyrolysis furnace and melting furnace. The amount of carbon dioxide emitted by energy use is calculated by multiplying the amount of consumption. The carbon dioxide emission amount calculation unit 411 sends data indicating the calculated carbon dioxide emission amount to the productivity evaluation unit 412.
- the productivity evaluation unit 412 includes data sent from the first carbon mass calculation unit 111, data sent from the second carbon mass calculation unit 112, and data sent from the carbon dioxide emission calculation unit 411. Receive each.
- the productivity evaluation unit 412 includes the carbon mass M1 indicated by the data received from the first carbon mass calculation unit 111, the carbon mass M2 indicated by the data received from the second carbon mass calculation unit 112, and the carbon dioxide.
- the productivity evaluation unit 412 evaluates the productivity of ethanol based on the value obtained by dividing the mass obtained by adding the mass of carbon contained in the discharged carbon dioxide by the mass M2 of carbon to the mass M1 of carbon. To do.
- the productivity evaluation unit 412 compares the mass of carbon contained in ethanol produced from the waste with respect to the total mass of the mass M1 of carbon contained in the waste and the mass of carbon contained in the discharged carbon dioxide. Based on the ratio of M2, ethanol productivity is evaluated.
- the productivity evaluation method calculates the carbon dioxide emission amount due to the use of energy in the first step of the production method described above. And this method is based on the mass of carbon contained in waste, the mass of carbon contained in ethanol, and the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by the use of energy in the first step of the production method described above. Evaluate productivity.
- the fifth embodiment relates to a billing system using the above-described productivity evaluation method.
- a fee is paid for requesting disposal of waste.
- This fee is set according to the weight and type of waste.
- the treatment of activated sludge generated from a wastewater treatment plant is usually disposed of by two types of treatment methods. Activated sludge is taken to a waste incineration plant after being dehydrated and dried, or is disposed of as fertilizer or landfill after dehydration. In either case, an expensive treatment fee is generated. Fees vary greatly depending on the processing plant system, processing location, and moisture content.
- components that inhibit the reaction of the catalyst in the second step of the above ethanol production method such as hydrogen sulfide Cl components such as S component and hydrogen chloride are included.
- the mixing ratio of components that hinders the reaction of the catalyst with respect to the entire waste greatly depends on the waste as the raw material.
- a mechanism for trapping inhibitory components is usually incorporated so that these inhibitory components may be mixed in a little.
- the ratio of the inhibitory component to the whole waste greatly exceeds the allowable amount of the mechanism for trapping the inhibitory component, it is assumed that the inhibitory component is mixed up to the second step and affects the reaction of the catalyst. In this case, ethanol productivity falls.
- the charging system of the present embodiment varies the charging fee for waste treatment based on the productivity obtained by the productivity evaluation method in the first to fourth embodiments. Specifically, as described in the productivity evaluation methods in the first to fourth embodiments, based on the mass of carbon contained in the waste and the mass of carbon contained in ethanol produced by the production method. The ethanol productivity is calculated. When the calculated ethanol productivity is higher than a preset value, a certain amount is reduced from the fee for waste disposal.
- Whether or not to reduce a certain amount from the fee for waste disposal is determined by the following method.
- this ethanol synthesis is carried out using rice straw and wood, which hardly contain sulfur and chlorine components, which inhibit the reaction of the catalyst.
- ethanol productivity is calculated based on the mass of carbon contained in the raw material and the mass of carbon contained in the converted ethanol.
- the calculated ethanol productivity is recorded as the ethanol productivity that serves as a benchmark.
- Calculate the productivity based on the mass of carbon contained in the waste actually processed and the mass of carbon contained in the ethanol produced by the production method according to the productivity evaluation method in the first to fourth embodiments.
- Fee for waste treatment Standard treatment cost x (Benchmark ethanol productivity-Ethanol productivity of waste actually processed) (1)
- the charge system that reflects accurate ethanol productivity can be constructed by the billing system of this embodiment.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of a hardware configuration of a computer 800 that constitutes the productivity evaluation apparatuses 110, 210, 310, and 410 according to the present embodiment.
- a computer 800 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 802, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 803, a graphic controller 804, and a display 805 that are mutually connected by a host controller 801, and input / output An input / output unit having a communication interface 807, a hard disk drive 808, and a CD-ROM (Compact Disk Only Memory) drive 809 connected to each other by the controller 806, and a ROM (Read Only Memory) connected to the input / output controller 806 810, legacy input / output having flexible disk drive 811 and input / output chip 812 Provided with a door.
- CPU Central Processing Unit
- RAM Random Access Memory
- FIG. 9 shows an example of a hardware configuration of a computer 800 that constitutes the productivity evaluation apparatuses 110, 210, 310, and 410 according to the present embodiment.
- the host controller 801 connects the RAM 803, the CPU 802 that accesses the RAM 803 at a high transfer rate, and the graphic controller 804.
- the CPU 802 operates based on programs stored in the ROM 810 and the RAM 803 and controls each unit.
- the graphic controller 804 acquires image data generated on a frame buffer provided in the RAM 803 by the CPU 802 and the like and displays the image data on the display 805.
- the graphic controller 804 may include a frame buffer for storing image data generated by the CPU 802 or the like.
- the input / output controller 806 connects the host controller 801 to the communication interface 807, the hard disk drive 808, and the CD-ROM drive 809, which are relatively high-speed input / output devices.
- the hard disk drive 808 stores programs and data used by the CPU 802 in the computer 800.
- the CD-ROM drive 809 reads a program or data from the CD-ROM 892 and provides it to the hard disk drive 808 via the RAM 803.
- the input / output controller 806 is connected to the ROM 810, the flexible disk drive 811 and the input / output chip 812, which are relatively low-speed input / output devices.
- the ROM 810 stores a boot program that is executed when the computer 800 is started and / or a program that depends on the hardware of the computer 800.
- the flexible disk drive 811 reads a program or data from the flexible disk 893 and provides it to the hard disk drive 808 via the RAM 803.
- the input / output chip 812 connects the flexible disk drive 811 to the input / output controller 806 and connects various input / output devices to the input / output controller 806 via, for example, a parallel port, serial port, keyboard port, mouse port, and the like. To do.
- the program provided to the hard disk drive 808 via the RAM 803 is stored in a recording medium such as a flexible disk 893, a CD-ROM 892, or an IC (Integrated Circuit) card and provided by the user.
- the program is read from the recording medium, installed in the hard disk drive 808 in the computer 800 via the RAM 803, and executed by the CPU 802.
- the program according to the first embodiment is installed in the computer 800, and causes the computer 800 to function as the productivity evaluation apparatus 110.
- the program according to the first embodiment causes the computer 800 to function as the first carbon mass calculation unit 111 that calculates the mass of carbon contained in the waste.
- the program according to the first embodiment causes the computer 800 to function as the second carbon mass calculation unit 112 that calculates the mass of carbon contained in the produced ethanol.
- the program according to the first embodiment causes the computer 800 to perform the calculation based on the mass of carbon calculated by the first carbon mass calculation unit and the mass of carbon calculated by the second carbon mass calculation unit. And function as the productivity evaluation unit 113 for evaluating the productivity of ethanol.
- the information processing described in the program according to the first embodiment is read into the computer 800, whereby the first carbon mass calculation, which is a specific means in which the software and the various hardware resources described above cooperate with each other.
- the specific productivity evaluation apparatus 110 according to the use purpose is constructed
- the program according to the second embodiment is installed in the computer 800, and causes the computer 800 to function as the productivity evaluation apparatus 210.
- the program according to the second embodiment causes the computer 800 to function as a third carbon mass calculation unit that calculates the mass of carbon contained in the gas.
- the program according to the second embodiment causes the computer 800 to function as a fourth carbon mass calculation unit that calculates the mass of carbon contained in the residue.
- the program according to the second embodiment causes the computer 800 to execute the calculation based on the mass of carbon calculated by the third carbon mass calculation unit and the mass of carbon calculated by the fourth carbon mass calculation unit. And function as a first carbon mass calculation unit 213 that calculates the mass of carbon contained in the waste.
- step S102 the program according to the second embodiment causes the computer 800 to function as the second carbon mass calculation unit 112 that calculates the mass of carbon contained in the produced ethanol.
- step S103 the program according to the second embodiment causes the computer 800 to execute the calculation based on the mass of carbon calculated by the first carbon mass calculation unit and the mass of carbon calculated by the second carbon mass calculation unit. And function as the productivity evaluation unit 113 for evaluating the productivity of ethanol.
- the information processing described in the program according to the second embodiment is read into the computer 800, whereby the third carbon mass calculation, which is a specific means in which the software and the various hardware resources described above cooperate with each other.
- the specific productivity evaluation apparatus 210 according to the use purpose is constructed
- the program according to the third embodiment is installed in the computer 800, and causes the computer 800 to function as the productivity evaluation apparatus 310.
- the program according to the third embodiment causes the computer 800 to function as a third carbon mass calculation unit that calculates the mass of carbon contained in the gas.
- the program according to the third embodiment causes the computer 800 to function as a fourth carbon mass calculation unit that calculates the mass of carbon contained in the residue.
- the program according to the third embodiment causes the computer 800 to function as the fifth carbon mass calculation unit 311 that calculates the mass of carbon contained in the auxiliary combustion agent.
- step S302 the program according to the second embodiment causes the computer 800 to calculate the mass of carbon calculated by the third carbon mass calculation unit, the mass of carbon calculated by the fourth carbon mass calculation unit, and the fifth Based on the carbon mass calculated by the carbon mass calculation unit 311, the carbon mass calculation unit 311 functions as the first carbon mass calculation unit 312 that calculates the mass of carbon contained in the waste.
- step S102 the program according to the third embodiment causes the computer 800 to function as the second carbon mass calculation unit 112 that calculates the mass of carbon contained in the produced ethanol.
- step S103 the program according to the third embodiment causes the computer 800 to execute the calculation based on the mass of carbon calculated by the first carbon mass calculation unit and the mass of carbon calculated by the second carbon mass calculation unit. And function as the productivity evaluation unit 113 for evaluating the productivity of ethanol.
- the information processing described in the program according to the third embodiment is read into the computer 800, whereby the third carbon mass calculation, which is a specific means in which the software and the various hardware resources described above cooperate with each other.
- the third carbon mass calculation which is a specific means in which the software and the various hardware resources described above cooperate with each other.
- the specific productivity evaluation apparatus 310 according to the intended use is constructed
- the program according to the fourth embodiment is installed in the computer 800, and causes the computer 800 to function as the productivity evaluation apparatus 410.
- the program according to the fourth embodiment causes the computer 800 to function as the first carbon mass calculation unit 111 that calculates the mass of carbon contained in the waste.
- the program according to the fourth embodiment causes the computer 800 to function as the second carbon mass calculation unit 112 that calculates the mass of carbon contained in the produced ethanol.
- the program according to the second embodiment causes the computer 800 to function as the carbon dioxide emission calculation unit 411 that calculates the carbon dioxide emission due to the use of energy.
- step S402 the program according to the fourth embodiment causes the computer 800 to cause the carbon mass calculated by the first carbon mass calculation unit, the carbon mass calculated by the second carbon mass calculation unit, and carbon dioxide. Based on the emission amount of carbon dioxide calculated by the emission amount calculation unit 411, it is made to function as a productivity evaluation unit 412 that evaluates the productivity of ethanol.
- the information processing described in the program according to the fourth embodiment is read into the computer 800, whereby the first carbon mass calculation, which is a specific means in which the software and the various hardware resources described above cooperate with each other.
- the specific productivity evaluation apparatus 410 according to the intended use is constructed
- the CPU 802 executes a communication program loaded on the RAM 803, and instructs the communication interface 807 to perform communication processing based on the processing content described in the communication program.
- the communication interface 807 reads transmission data stored in a transmission buffer area or the like provided on a storage device such as the RAM 803, the hard disk drive 808, the flexible disk 893, or the CD-ROM 892, and sends it to the network.
- the reception data transmitted or received from the network is written into a reception buffer area or the like provided on the storage device.
- the communication interface 807 may transfer transmission / reception data to / from the storage device by the direct memory access method. Instead, the CPU 802 reads data from the transfer source storage device or the communication interface 807.
- the transmission / reception data may be transferred by writing the data to the transfer destination communication interface 807 or the storage device.
- the CPU 802 transfers all or a necessary portion of the files or database stored in the external storage device such as the hard disk drive 808, CD-ROM 892, and flexible disk 893 to the RAM 803 by direct memory access transfer or the like.
- the data is read and various processes are performed on the data on the RAM 803. Then, the CPU 802 writes the processed data back to the external storage device by direct memory access transfer or the like.
- the RAM 803 can be regarded as temporarily holding the contents of the external storage device, in the present embodiment, the RAM 803 and the external storage device are collectively referred to as a memory, a storage unit, or a storage device. .
- Various types of information such as various programs, data, tables, and databases in the present embodiment are stored on such a storage device and are subjected to information processing.
- the CPU 802 can hold a part of the RAM 803 in the cache memory and perform reading and writing on the cache memory. Even in such a form, the cache memory bears a part of the function of the RAM 803. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the cache memory is also included in the RAM 803, the memory, and / or the storage device unless otherwise indicated. To do.
- the CPU 802 performs various operations, such as various operations, information processing, condition determination, information retrieval, replacement, and the like described in the present embodiment for data read from the RAM 803 and specified by a command sequence of the program. Is written back to the RAM 803. For example, when performing the condition determination, the CPU 802 satisfies the conditions such that the various variables shown in the present embodiment are larger, smaller, above, below, or equal to other variables or constants. If the condition is satisfied or not satisfied, the program branches to a different instruction sequence or calls a subroutine.
- the CPU 802 can search for information stored in a file in a storage device or a database. For example, when a plurality of entries in which the attribute value of the second attribute is associated with the attribute value of the first attribute are stored in the storage device, the CPU 802 stores the plurality of entries stored in the storage device. The entry that matches the condition in which the attribute value of the first attribute is specified is retrieved, and the attribute value of the second attribute that is stored in the entry is read, thereby associating with the first attribute that satisfies the predetermined condition The attribute value of the specified second attribute can be obtained.
- the programs or modules shown above may be stored in an external storage medium.
- a storage medium in addition to a flexible disk 893 and a CD-ROM 892, an optical recording medium such as a DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) or a CD (Compact Disk), a magneto-optical recording medium such as an MO (Magneto-Optical disk), or a tape
- a storage medium such as a hard disk or RAM provided in a server system connected to a dedicated communication network or the Internet may be used as a recording medium, and the program may be provided to the computer 800 via the network.
- the productivity of the chemical substance can be rationally evaluated.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2012年9月20日に、日本に出願された特願2012-206979号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
そして、この方法では、この炭化ガス化炉内で電気ヒータにより空気遮断状態で間接的に加熱して、燃焼させることなく熱分解により廃棄物を炭化させる。その炭化物の炉内での堆積量を出口側へ向かって多くして、炭化物の熱で水性ガスシフト反応を起こし、水素と一酸化炭素を主体とした乾留ガスを生成する。そして、この方法は、この乾留ガスを、フィッシャートロプシュ合成触媒を用いて液体燃料化する。
即ち、本発明の第1の形態における生産評価方法は、第1の工程において助燃剤が使用される場合、第1の工程において使用された助燃剤に含まれる炭素の質量を算出する第5の炭素質量算出段階を更に備え、第1の炭素質量算出段階においては、前記第3の炭素質量算出段階において算出された炭素の質量と、前記第4の炭素質量算出段階において算出された炭素の質量と、第5の炭素質量算出段階において算出された炭素の質量に基づいて、廃棄物に含まれる炭素の質量を算出する(2)に記載の生産性評価方法である。
即ち、本発明の第1の形態における生産評価方法は、第1の工程におけるエネルギー利用による二酸化炭素の排出量を算出する二酸化炭素排出量算出段階を更に備え、生産性評価段階においては、前記第1の炭素質量算出段階において算出された炭素の質量と、前記第2の炭素質量算出段階において算出された炭素の質量と、二酸化炭素排出量算出段階において算出された二酸化炭素の排出量に基づいて、化学物質の生産性を評価する(1)~(3)のいずれか一つに記載の生産性評価方法である。
また、これらの特徴群のサブコンビネーションもまた、発明となり得る。
以下の説明においては、各構成要素の機能、及び動作を詳述する。
初めに、触媒の反応の阻害要因となる硫黄成分や塩素成分をほとんど含まない稲藁や、木材を原料として、本エタノール合成を行う。この際、原料に含まれる炭素の質量と、変換されたエタノールに含まれる炭素の質量に基づいて、エタノールの生産性を算出する。算出されたエタノール生産性を、ベンチマークとなるエタノールの生産性として記録しておく。この後、第1~第4実施形態における生産性評価方法により、実際処理される廃棄物に含まれる炭素の質量と、前記生産方法により生産されたエタノールに含まれる炭素の質量に基づいて、エタノールの生産性を算出する。
記録しておいたベンチマークとなるエタノールの生産性と、実際処理される廃棄物のエタノールの生産性とを比較し、阻害物質が含まれていると推定されるエタノールの生産性の低い廃棄物に対しては、処理費を増額する。ベンチマークとなるエタノールの生産性より高いエタノールの生産性を示した廃棄物に対しては、処理費を減額する。増額または減額する程度は、一次の変換式や、予め設定されたエタノールの生産性と増減額との相関を示すテーブルに基づいて決定してもよい。例えば、廃棄物処理のための料金は、以下の式(1)で算出してもよい。
廃棄物処理のための料金=基準処理費×(ベンチマークとなるエタノールの生産性-実際処理される廃棄物のエタノールの生産性)・・・(1)
Claims (9)
- 廃棄物からガスを得る第1の工程と、前記第1の工程において得られたガスを原料として触媒を用い化学物質に合成する第2の工程とを含む生産方法によって、化学物質を生産するにあたり、前記廃棄物に含まれる炭素の質量を算出する第1の炭素質量算出段階と、
前記生産方法によって生産された前記化学物質に含まれる炭素の質量を算出する第2の炭素質量算出段階と、
前記第1の炭素質量算出段階において算出された炭素の質量と、前記第2の炭素質量算出段階において算出された炭素の質量とに基づいて、前記化学物質の生産性を評価する生産性評価段階と
を備える生産性評価方法。 - 前記第1の工程において得られた前記ガスに含まれる炭素の質量を算出する第3の炭素質量算出段階と、
前記第1の工程において排出された残渣に含まれる炭素の質量を算出する第4の炭素質量算出段階と
を更に備え、
前記第1の炭素質量算出段階においては、前記第3の炭素質量算出段階において算出された炭素の質量と、前記第4の炭素質量算出段階において算出された炭素の質量とに基づいて、前記廃棄物に含まれる炭素の質量を算出する
請求項1に記載の生産性評価方法。 - 前記第1の工程において助燃剤が使用される場合、前記第1の工程において使用された助燃剤に含まれる炭素の質量を算出する第5の炭素質量算出段階
を更に備え、
前記第1の炭素質量算出段階においては、前記第3の炭素質量算出段階において算出された炭素の質量と、前記第4の炭素質量算出段階において算出された炭素の質量と、前記第5の炭素質量算出段階において算出された炭素の質量に基づいて、前記廃棄物に含まれる炭素の質量を算出する
請求項2に記載の生産性評価方法。 - 前記第1の工程におけるエネルギー利用による二酸化炭素の排出量を算出する二酸化炭素排出量算出段階
を更に備え、
前記生産性評価段階においては、前記第1の炭素質量算出段階において算出された炭素の質量と、前記第2の炭素質量算出段階において算出された炭素の質量と、前記二酸化炭素排出量算出段階において算出された二酸化炭素の排出量に基づいて、前記化学物質の生産性を評価する
請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の生産性評価方法。 - 前記第2の炭素質量算出段階においては、前記化学物質として、CxHyOzの化合物に含まれる炭素の質量を算出し、
前記生産性評価段階においては、前記化学物質として、前記CxHyOzの化合物の生産性を評価する
請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の生産性評価方法。 - 請求項1~5に記載の生産性評価方法により得られた前記化学物質の生産性に基づいて、前記廃棄物に対する課金料金を変動させる課金システム。
- 廃棄物からガスを得る第1の工程と、前記第1の工程において得られたガスを原料として触媒を用い化学物質に合成する第2の工程とを含む生産方法によって、化学物質を生産するにあたり、前記廃棄物に含まれる炭素の質量を算出する第1の炭素質量算出部と、
前記生産方法によって生産された前記化学物質に含まれる炭素の質量を算出する第2の炭素質量算出部と、
前記第1の炭素質量算出部が算出した炭素の質量と、前記第2の炭素質量算出部が算出した炭素の質量とに基づいて、前記化学物質の生産性を評価する生産性評価部と
を備える生産性評価装置。 - コンピュータを、
廃棄物からガスを得る第1の工程と、前記第1の工程において得られたガスを原料として触媒を用い化学物質に合成する第2の工程とを含む生産方法によって、化学物質を生産するにあたり、前記廃棄物に含まれる炭素の質量を算出する第1の炭素質量算出部、
前記生産方法によって生産された前記化学物質に含まれる炭素の質量を算出する第2の炭素質量算出部、
前記第1の炭素質量算出部が算出した炭素の質量と、前記第2の炭素質量算出部が算出した炭素の質量とに基づいて、前記化学物質の生産性を評価する生産性評価部
として機能させるプログラム。 - コンピュータを、
廃棄物からガスを得る第1の工程と、前記第1の工程において得られたガスを原料として触媒を用い化学物質に合成する第2の工程とを含む生産方法によって、化学物質を生産するにあたり、前記廃棄物に含まれる炭素の質量を算出する第1の炭素質量算出部、
前記生産方法によって生産された前記化学物質に含まれる炭素の質量を算出する第2の炭素質量算出部、
前記第1の炭素質量算出部が算出した炭素の質量と、前記第2の炭素質量算出部が算出した炭素の質量とに基づいて、前記化学物質の生産性を評価する生産性評価部
として機能させるプログラムを記録した記録媒体。
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