WO2014037034A1 - Flexible grinding product with flattened surface and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Flexible grinding product with flattened surface and method for manufacturing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014037034A1
WO2014037034A1 PCT/EP2012/067294 EP2012067294W WO2014037034A1 WO 2014037034 A1 WO2014037034 A1 WO 2014037034A1 EP 2012067294 W EP2012067294 W EP 2012067294W WO 2014037034 A1 WO2014037034 A1 WO 2014037034A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cloth
coating
grinding
grinding product
flexible grinding
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2012/067294
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Göran HÖGLUND
Hans Hede
Nicolas SCHUMACHER
Mats Sundell
Jan GRÖN
Original Assignee
Kwh Mirka Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to CN202010284023.5A priority Critical patent/CN111604823A/en
Priority to CN201280075666.2A priority patent/CN104797380A/en
Priority to AU2012389284A priority patent/AU2012389284B2/en
Priority to KR1020157008374A priority patent/KR101991417B1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2012/067294 priority patent/WO2014037034A1/en
Priority to ES12756703T priority patent/ES2902993T3/en
Priority to BR112015004809-9A priority patent/BR112015004809B1/en
Application filed by Kwh Mirka Ltd. filed Critical Kwh Mirka Ltd.
Priority to CA2883790A priority patent/CA2883790C/en
Priority to PL12756703T priority patent/PL2895298T3/en
Priority to MX2015002909A priority patent/MX2015002909A/en
Priority to US14/425,766 priority patent/US10549403B2/en
Priority to EP12756703.0A priority patent/EP2895298B1/en
Priority to CA3140583A priority patent/CA3140583A1/en
Priority to JP2015530302A priority patent/JP2015527212A/en
Priority to EP21203123.1A priority patent/EP4000807A1/en
Priority to RU2015112299A priority patent/RU2617184C2/en
Priority to TW102132062A priority patent/TWI669192B/en
Publication of WO2014037034A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014037034A1/en
Priority to ZA201501495A priority patent/ZA201501495B/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
    • B24D11/001—Manufacture of flexible abrasive materials
    • B24D11/005—Making abrasive webs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
    • B24D11/001—Manufacture of flexible abrasive materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
    • B24D11/008—Finishing manufactured abrasive sheets, e.g. cutting, deforming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
    • B24D11/02—Backings, e.g. foils, webs, mesh fabrics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
    • B24D11/04—Zonally-graded surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B24D18/0072—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using adhesives for bonding abrasive particles or grinding elements to a support, e.g. by gluing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
    • B24D3/28—Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
    • D04B21/02—Pile fabrics or articles having similar surface features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/024—Fabric incorporating additional compounds
    • D10B2403/0242—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing chemical properties
    • D10B2403/02421—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing chemical properties containing particulate matter, e.g. powder or granulate
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/024—Fabric incorporating additional compounds
    • D10B2403/0243—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing functional properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2501/00—Wearing apparel
    • D10B2501/06—Details of garments
    • D10B2501/063—Fasteners
    • D10B2501/0632—Fasteners of the touch-and-close type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a flexible grinding product and a flexible grinding product produced by the method.
  • Conventional flexible grinding products have a layer of paper, plastic or fabric carrying abrasive particles such as aluminum oxide or silicon carbide.
  • the grinding or abrasive particles are applied to one surface of the product utilizing a binding agent.
  • the flexible grinding product is for instance suitable, to be mounted onto a rotating or
  • the grinding product comprises a cloth of woven or knitted fabric having proj ecting loops or thread parts .
  • a grinding agent is applied as separate agglomerates to the surface of the grinding product .
  • the expression "separate agglomerate" means that the grinding product does not comprise a continuous grinding or binding agent layer that would cover the surface of the cloth, but instead the grinding agent forms small point or line shaped accumulations .
  • the cloth has and maintains an open structure which allows to remove the grinding dust from the surface.
  • the grinding agent is applied onto the irregular surface of projecting threads or loops .
  • This has the consequence that a non-uniform grinding result due to an irregular height-distribution of the grinding particles cannot be excluded, at least in critical applications.
  • a very flexible impregnation and. coating alleviates the surface failures but reduces the performance of the grinding product .
  • An object of the invention is to provide a grinding product and a method for manufacturing the same with improved grinding performance and excellent durability.
  • the object is solved with a method according to claim 1 and a flexible grinding product having the features of claim 14.
  • an open cloth of knitted, or woven fabric is prepared.
  • Preferred fabrics forming the basis of the grinding product are defined in ISO 8388 and comprise weft-knitted jersey-based fabrics, weft-knitted double layer jersey-based, fabrics, weft-knitted, rib-based fabrics, weft-knitted purl- based fabrics, warp-knitted jersey-based fabrics, warp- knitted double layer jersey-based fabrics, warp-knitted rib- based fabrics, warp-knitted purl-based fabrics, combined warp- and weft-knitted jersey-based fabrics and others.
  • the cloth is a so-called "open cloth", i.e. the cloth contains open spaces or regions defined for instance by loops or meshes.
  • the open structure of the cloth allows removing grinding dust from the surface of the
  • the grinding dust can, for instance, be removed via evacuation from the backside of the grinding product .
  • a coating is applied to one surface of the cloth.
  • the surface carrying the coating is called grinding surface or front surface.
  • the application of the coating is such that the coated surface of the cloth has one or more flat areas. In other words, the irregular
  • the height-distribution is modified by the coating and/or the process of applying the coating such that one or more flat or plane areas are generated.
  • the resulting cloth has a flattened front surface.
  • the coating is a polymer.
  • a grinding agent is applied to the coated surface of the cloth. If necessary, an adhesive agent is used for adhering the grinding agent to the grinding surface.
  • the flexible grinding product as prepared above contains a network of channels and/or openings defined by fully or
  • flattened surface portions allows for very precise coatings like low or controlled make coat levels, intricate formations deposition and different print coating methods. Moreover, a very flexible impregnation and coating with minimal tendency to surface failures with excellent performance of the
  • the above second step contains at least two sub- steps.
  • the coating is applied to the grinding surface of the cloth.
  • a second sub-step at least a part of the coated surface is flattened by pressing the grinding surface against a working surface of a smoothing element, such as a plate, belt, film or drum.
  • the smoothing element may carry the coating and apply the coating when pressing the grinding surface of the product against the working surface of the plate or drum.
  • Ail kinds of pressure -less and low pressure coating and printing methods, such as kiss roller, gravure roller and screen printing that do not fill the openings in the cloth can be used. It is as well possible to apply the coating beforehand, for instance via dipping the cloth into the coating or spraying the coating onto the grinding surface or printing the coating onto the surface.
  • the working surface of the smoothing element is provided with a structural pattern, for instance made of grooves and/or dimples for producing a pattern of plateaus in the coated surface.
  • Printing or engraving a well-defined three-dimensional pattern into the grinding surface can be performed with regard to the uncoated cloth, the coated cloth or by simultaneously coating the cloth. It is for instance possible to press the cloth against a working surface of an engraved roller to create an engraved surface structure having protruding flat plateaus. Sometimes it is desired to have a three dimensional structure of isolated islands of fiat plateaus in order to achieve a desired grinding result. In this respect, not only the coating but also the grinding agent is applied preferably discontinuously, for example in the shape of separate small islands. Further, when
  • the engraved pattern is a regular or periodic pattern of grooves or depressions .
  • the coating is applied or calendered in a soft or fluid state.
  • the viscosity can for instance be increased with heat.
  • the coating can easily be applied with a well-defined thickness. It is preferable that the coating does not fully penetrate the cloth.
  • UV- light from the opposite side.
  • the beams penetrate the cloth and reach the coating at the interface between grinding product and drum or plate.
  • cooling or heating the coating is as well possible, in case the coating includes a. thermosetting or a thermoplastic material. Curing or forming via heat or cooling can
  • the heated or cooled drum may have a desired structural pattern in its surface as to be transferred to the grinding surface of the product .
  • the coated surface of the cloth is preferably provided with an adhesive agent in order to support
  • the grinding agent or grinding particles it is preferable to apply the grinding agent or grinding particles via a kiss drum or via some other pressure- less of low-pressure method.
  • the grinding agent it is thus preferable not to degrade the flattened, patterned structure of the grinding surface.
  • the level difference between the higher plateaus and the lower depressions allows for a selective coating of only the higher plateaus .
  • the generated grooves or channels as well as the openings of the fabric shall not be clogged with grinding particles.
  • the grinding particles or grinding agent contain abrasive particles such as aluminum, oxide or silicon carbide, also more special particles such as diamond, boron nitride and engineered grains can be used.
  • abrasive particles such as aluminum, oxide or silicon carbide
  • special particles such as diamond, boron nitride and engineered grains
  • the flattened surface of the cloth is not only superior in view of the grinding result but also in view of the actual process of applying the grinding particles.
  • the structured surface has plane surface elements following the knitted or woven structure of the product.
  • the product can be provided with grinding particles in a well-defined manner.
  • Preferably flattening the coated grinding surface of the cloth includes a step of sanding the surface.
  • a sanding step may be applied to further define or to define in first place the flattened structure.
  • Sanding the grinding surface is useful in view of adjusting the size of the flattened areas as well as whether and how the flattened islands or areas are connected with each other.
  • a belt sander can be used, a drum sander, an oscillating sanding beam, combinations thereof or one or more other suitable sanding units .
  • the cloth of knitted or woven fabric is
  • the impregnation helps preparing the cloth for accepting the coating.
  • the impregnation stabilizes the structure of the fabric.
  • the impregnation agent is a resin ⁇ or a
  • a filler may be based on latex to give a desired flexibility and elasticity.
  • the cloth is provided with projecting loops and/or threads situated on the surface opposite to the grinding surface, wherein the projecting loops and/or threads originate from the threads of the cloth and wherein the projecting loops and/or threads are substantially free of the coating.
  • the projecting loops and/or threads may serve as fastening means for mounting and holding the grinding product to a grinding tool.
  • the loops and/or threads may serve as one part of a hook-and- loop fastener.
  • the flexible grinding product is laminated with foam onto a respective surface of the tool and the foam may further be laminated with a velour on the opposite side for fastening.
  • the flexible grinding product is provided with a foam and/or a velour on the side which is intended to be fastened to a respective surface of a grinding tool.
  • the coating is or includes a polymer.
  • the coating may be based on standard Oligomer and monomer-based acrylic formulations, water-dilutable acryiates, dual cure
  • oligomer/monomer-based formulations are preferred.
  • the tool comprises a coating agent applying unit for applying a coating agent to the grinding surface of the cloth, a coating agent applying unit for applying a coating agent to the grinding surface of the cloth, a coating agent applying unit for applying a coating agent to the grinding surface of the cloth, a coating agent applying unit for applying a coating agent to the grinding surface of the cloth, a coating agent applying unit for applying a coating agent to the grinding surface of the cloth, a
  • the smoothing and pressing unit has a smoothing drum and is constructed and arranged so that the grinding surface of the cloth is pressed against the smoothing roll for flattening at least portions of the grinding surface, and a curing unit for curing the coating. It is possible that the coating agent applying unit and the smoothing and pressing unit are realized in one single unit allowing for simultaneously applying the coating agent and flattening the cloth.
  • the tool further comprises a grinding agent applying unit for applying a grinding agent to the grinding surface of the cloth.
  • the tool further comprises a radiation source for curing the coating agent .
  • the radiation source is positioned opposite to the smoothing drum such that the radiation penetrates the cloth and the coated cloth is smoothened and cured simultaneously.
  • the radiation for curing the coating agent is ultraviolet radiation.
  • the tool further comprises means for transporting the cloth from the coating agent applying unit to the
  • Fig, 1 is a plan view of a cloth of knitted fabric.
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of the cloth according to Fig. 1, which has been coated and flattened.
  • Fig. 3 is a plan view of a knitted fabric different to the fabric shown in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view of the fabric shown in Fig. 3, which has been coated and flattened.
  • Figs. 5A to 5H show cross sections of exemplary raw, coated and modified threads of a cloth.
  • Fig. 6 is a plan view of an impregnated, coated and sanded cloth .
  • Fig. 7 shows the cross section through line C-C in Fig. 6.
  • Figs. 8A to 8D show cross sections through line D-D of Fig. 6.
  • Figs. 9 to 15 schematically illustrate tools and processes for coating and flattening a cloth of fabric.
  • Fig. 16 shows a cross section of a grinding product including loops on the surface opposite to the grinding surface.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of a warp-knitted jersey according to
  • the fabric can be used as the basis for producing a flexible grinding product .
  • the cloth is provided with a coating and it is flattened such that a sine-type plateau- structure 100 is generated as shown in Fig . 2..
  • Figs, 9 and 10 schematically illustrate a tool and process for applying a coating to the grinding surface of the cloth and for flattening the surface.
  • Fig. 9 shows a processing line having a number of drums 10, 20, 21, 30, 31, some of them are optional, for transporting and processing a flexible grinding product and one or more UV-radiation sources 40.
  • Drum 30 is for unwinding the pre-processed flexible grinding product, and drum 31 is for winding the prepared product.
  • Smoothing drum 10 is illustrated in Pig. 10 in more detail.
  • the smoothing drum 10 is arranged such that it gets into contact with a piece or sheet of cloth C such as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3. Press plates 11 press the cloth C against a working surface of the smoothing drum 10,
  • Application of the coating is for instance performed either via the smoothing drum 10 itself or, as illustrated in Fig. 9, via a coating drum 20 which is directly or indirectly in contact with a reservoir of coating agent 22.
  • coating drum 20 is in contact with another drum 21 dipped into the reservoir coating agent 22.
  • Transporting drums 30, 31 and/or other devices for transporting the sheet of cloth C are provided as required.
  • the smoothing drum 10 serves for flattening the coated cloth C. The result is a coated but still open cloth C having flat portions as for instance illustrated in Figs. 2 and 4.
  • the coating is cured via UV-radiation originating from the UV- light source 40,
  • a second UV- light source 41 can be provided, or more, in case curing in more than one stages is required or desired.
  • curing via heat or cooling is as well conceivable. It is as well possible to place one or more UV- light sources on the smoothed side of the cloth.
  • the smoothing drum 10 or optionally drum 20 or one ore more additional drums may be provided with a structured pattern.
  • the surface of the cloth is pressed against the working surface of the drum with a desired surface structure, thereby generating a regular or irregular structure of plateaus or islands of flat surfaces.
  • Fig 11 shows a process with a drying- or pre cure unite 50 used for resins that are water- or solvent based.
  • unite 50 may be an pre cure unite when the smoothing and resin need to be pre cured or thickened before the smoothing .
  • Fig 12 shows a process where a heat set, water or solvent based resin is used for the smoothing. Drum 10' is heated and the coated cloth and its surface is heat set against the surface of the drum having the desired pattern or smoothness.
  • Fig. 13 shows a process including a curing unit 60 which is located between smoothing drum 10 and drum 31 for winding the flexible grinding product.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a sub-process
  • Unwinding and winding rollers 130 and 131 are optional and may be omitted when incorporating the sanding process in one of the above described processes.
  • Support rollers 132 to 135 serve for adjusting the flexible grinding product relative to the sanding unit which includes a sanding belt 139, an idle roller 138, a drive roller 136 and a pressure roller 137.
  • two 134 and 135 of the support rollers may be movable as illustrated in order to adjust the angle of enlacement of the grinding product C.
  • Other rollers may as well be movable, for instance for adjusting the enlacement pressure.
  • the described grinding process may be included immediately after the curing unit illustrated in Fig. 13.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates a sub-process
  • Unwinding and winding rollers 230 and 231 are optional and may be omitted when incorporating the mineral coating process in one of the above described
  • FIG. 15 schematically illustrates a kiss roller coating unit 131 for make coat, an electrostatic mineral coating unit 132, a first drying or curing chamber 233, another kiss roller coating unit 134 for size coat and a second drying or curing chamber 235,
  • the basic cloth is based on a warp- knitted mesh fabric according to ISO 8388 3.5.46 as shown in Fig. 3.
  • the open cloth is regularly flattened. The plateaus follow the shape of the filet openings of the cloth.
  • Fig. 5A shows a cross section of a loop bundle in a wale included in the cloth, such as a wale bundle or a double warp thread.
  • the thread is provided with a coating 102 partially or completely filling the thread.
  • the thread is filled and overcoated with coating agent 102, thereby supporting manipulation of the shape of the thread in view of generating flattened portions.
  • Reference sign 102' denotes the overcoated portion of the coating 102.
  • the overcoated portions 102' are flattened or smoothed in Figs. 5D, 5E and 5F.
  • Fig. 5D the flattened portion is narrowed
  • Fig. 5E a flattened and broadened example
  • Fig. 5F A smoothed and sanded coated thread is shown in Fig, 5F.
  • Overcoating of the thread is not necessarily required for flattening. Instead, the filled thread as shown in Fig. 5B may as well be flattened via a smoothing drum or sanded as shown in Figs. 5G and 5H.
  • the small and big circles in in the illustrated loop bundles schematically indicate that it is possible to have fibers of different cross section.
  • four monofilaments of larger cross section are included, which can be used to form projecting loops and/or threads situated on the surface opposite to the grinding surface.
  • the projecting loops and/or threads may serve as fastening means for mounting and holding the grinding product to a grinding tool.
  • the loops and/or threads may serve as one part of a hook-and- loop fastener.
  • the flexible grinding product has loops 105 on the surface opposite to the grinding surface carrying the coating 102 and the plateaus 100,
  • the grinding product and a supporting surface of a grinding tool which is not shown, are attached to each other by means of the loops 105 and corresponding means of the supporting surface, such as hooks.
  • the loops and/or hooks provide for a distance between the grinding product and the supporting surface of the tool. Grinding dust which is first transported through the open areas/meshes of the cloth is, thus, easily removed from, the grinding product via the open attachment structure utilizing loops 105.
  • the flexible grinding product is laminated with foam and/or velour onto a respective surface of the tool , and,
  • the foam may further be laminated with a velour on the opposite side for fastening .
  • a belt sander can be used, a drum sander , an oscillating sanding beam, combinations thereof or one or more other suitable sanding units .
  • The.re may be used a calibrating roller or flat pad nip or the cloth can be pressed against the sanding unit by the actual web tension and certain angle of enlacement . There may as well be used combinations thereof .
  • Fig . 6 is a plan view of a knitted fabric which was
  • the pattern of plateaus can be achieved via different
  • the smoothing drum may carry a
  • the surface can be coated in an additional step with an engraved drum or roller, for instance with grooves in horizontal directions.
  • the illustrated plateaus 100 may as well be created with a screen-print-device.
  • the coated, flattened and/or sanded surface of the cloth may be provided with an adhesive agent or make coat.
  • the applied make coat may be structured via an engraved drum.
  • a screen-print -device may be used for applying the make coat.
  • the difference of level between the plateaus and the depressions when applying the fourth alternative is smaller than what is achievable via the first, second or third alternative because the amount of make coat is limited by abrasive coating demands.
  • the coating of the grinding particles can be made in
  • the coating can comprise a separate make coat that bonds the separately coated grinding particles.
  • the coating can alternatively comprise a slurry of bonding agent and grinding particles and this slurry can be coated into a layer as such, but the layer may subsequently be formed to sanding formations on the flattened surfaces in a desired pattern and shape of formations.
  • the slurry may also be transferred by a roller, belt or film with the engraved desired pattern and may further be formed and cured while in contact with the transferring element.
  • FIG. 7 A cross section through line C-C in Fig. 6 is shown in Fig. 7. Engraved stripes separating the plateaus 100 are cut roughly horizontally. A sloped cutting or other cuttings may as well be possible. Further, a zig- zag- shape or sine-shape as illustrated in Fig . 6 is not necessarily required . The shape of the flattened areas and/or the engraved pattern is adjustable in view of the used fabric , the intended grinding result or other requirements .
  • Figs. 8A to 8D are cross sections including the plateaus 100 of Figs . 6 and 7 as well as an underlying coated thread or wale part .
  • the wale part is provided with a coating 102. Overcoated portions 102' are flattened or smoothed.
  • plateau 100 is provided with an abrasive mineral serving as a grinding agent 103.
  • Abrasive mineral 103 is applied utilizing an adhesive layer 102''
  • the grinding agent 103' is a slurry deposited in even or
  • the coating may be based on standard Oligomer and monomer-based acrylic formulations, water- dilutable
  • acrylates dual cure formulations, as well as Polyurethane- dispersions or similar materials. Further, also UV-curable epoxides and vinylmonomers are suitable materials. However acrylic oligomer/monomer-based formulations are preferred.
  • a formulation can consist of 20wt% Bisphenol A Epoxy diacrylate, 5wt% (1, 6 ⁇ -Hexanedioldiacrylate , 15wt% Tricyclodecanedimethanol Diacrylate, 60wt% Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate .
  • some of the reactive thinners or monomers may as well partially be substituted by low viscous oligomer types such as aliphatic epoxy acrylates, e.g. CN152 from Sartomer .
  • Alternative monomers may include materials such as 2(2- ethoxyethoxy) ethyl acrylate, Isobornyl acrylate,
  • Suitable materials can also be for example other radically polymer!zable vinylmonomers, like N- vinylcaprolactam .
  • the amount and type of filler that is used in the coating strongly influences on the final performance of the cured material . In order to modify the properties of the coating different kind of fillers can be used whereas also various combinations of filler materials may be applied. In case of UV-curable coating formulations one needs to assure that the filler is sufficiently penetrable for UV- light in order to ensure curing of the formulation.
  • the filler may also be impenetrable to UV- light .
  • UV-curing is applied in order to preliminary cure the material and fix surface shape and structure whereas the full mechanical properties are reached after EB-post -curing.
  • fillers powders having small particle sizes below lOpm are preferred. However coarser particles may be used as well, if applicable. Fillers may as well be used as blends in order to fine-tune the mechanical parameters of the coating.
  • suitable fillers are Talc which is the preferred filler for this coating or Aluminumtrihydroxide as an example of an UV-penetrable filler material. Further on Kaolin,
  • Calcium sulfate or fillers which are similar or identical to abrasive particles based on aluminumoxide , siliconcarbide and the like may be used. With increasing hardness of the filler material the coating will typically show a more brittle behavior towards tear and strain.
  • the initiator system, used in the formulation is dependent on the resin system that is used.
  • the resin system that is used.
  • For a typical radically curing acrylic formulation mixtures of several initiators may be used, depending on the type of UV- lamp, line speed and if EB- postcuring is applied.
  • Benzophenone 1 -hydroxy-eyelohexylpheny1 - ketone mixture (Additol BCPK from Cytec) in combination with an amine acrylate (7wt%) (Ebecryl 7100) or an amine synergist for instance a tertiary amine ⁇ Ebecryl P116 ) may be used.
  • Other initiators and combinations e.g. MAPO, BAPO,
  • thioxanthones and combinations thereof may be more suitable in some cases, for example when good through cure is
  • initiator types and combinations such as lodonium- , Sulphonium and other derivates and e.g. anthracence-based derivates of sensitizers or the like may be applicable in case of acid- catalyzed hardening systems or if e.g. UV-LED curing is applied.
  • Blending of the resins requires no special attention except to assure that all components are homogenously blended within the mixture .
  • the UV-resin may be blended first and the f iller is added to the resin, though also the opposite order can be applied .
  • the UV- curing resin formulation with filler is blended as previously described. Initiators are required in case UV- curing is applied as a curing method .
  • Coating thickness of the resin blend hereby depends on the thickness of the cloth that shall be coated.
  • coating thicknesses for the coating on the film substrate are between 50 and 800pm, more preferably a thicknesses of approximately 300 ⁇ m is provided.
  • the film which is coated with the uncured resin mixture is bent around a roller of suitable size and pressed against the cloth. The coated cloth is then moved under a UV-radiation source and cured,

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Abstract

A method of manufacturing a flexible grinding product comprises the steps: a) preparing an open cloth (C) of knitted or woven fabric; b) applying a coating (102) to one surface of the cloth (C), wherein the coated surface of the cloth (C) has one or more flat portions (100); c) applying a grinding agent (103) to the coated surface of the cloth (C). Further, a flexible grinding product has an open cloth (C), wherein a surface of the cloth (C) is provided with a coating (102) such that the coated surface has one or more flat areas which are at least partially provided with a grinding agent (103).

Description

FLEXIBLE GRINDING PRODUCT WITH FLATTENED SURFACE AMD METHOD
FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a flexible grinding product and a flexible grinding product produced by the method.
BACKGROUND
Conventional flexible grinding products have a layer of paper, plastic or fabric carrying abrasive particles such as aluminum oxide or silicon carbide. The grinding or abrasive particles are applied to one surface of the product utilizing a binding agent. The flexible grinding product is for instance suitable, to be mounted onto a rotating or
oscillating plate of a grinding machine .
One reason for deterioration of the grinding performance is due to blocking as abrasive dust tends to clog the grinding surface of the product .
An improvement of the durabi 1 i ty of the grinding product by reducing the above clogging effect was achieved with a grinding product described in EP 0 779 851 Al . The grinding product comprises a cloth of woven or knitted fabric having proj ecting loops or thread parts . A grinding agent is applied as separate agglomerates to the surface of the grinding product . The expression "separate agglomerate" means that the grinding product does not comprise a continuous grinding or binding agent layer that would cover the surface of the cloth, but instead the grinding agent forms small point or line shaped accumulations . Thus the cloth has and maintains an open structure which allows to remove the grinding dust from the surface.
In the above-mentioned prior art, the grinding agent is applied onto the irregular surface of projecting threads or loops . This has the consequence that a non-uniform grinding result due to an irregular height-distribution of the grinding particles cannot be excluded, at least in critical applications. A very flexible impregnation and. coating alleviates the surface failures but reduces the performance of the grinding product .
Further, it is difficult to calibrate the product using the back surface as a support in order to achieve a flattened or smooth grinding surface. This is particularly the case when the back surface of the cloth is irregular, possibly carrying threads or loops for attaching the grinding product to a grinding tool, and/or when the back surface is at least partly fixed by an impregnation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the invention is to provide a grinding product and a method for manufacturing the same with improved grinding performance and excellent durability.
The object is solved with a method according to claim 1 and a flexible grinding product having the features of claim 14.
The dependent claims define preferred embodiments .
In a first step, an open cloth of knitted, or woven fabric is prepared. Preferred fabrics forming the basis of the grinding product are defined in ISO 8388 and comprise weft-knitted jersey-based fabrics, weft-knitted double layer jersey-based, fabrics, weft-knitted, rib-based fabrics, weft-knitted purl- based fabrics, warp-knitted jersey-based fabrics, warp- knitted double layer jersey-based fabrics, warp-knitted rib- based fabrics, warp-knitted purl-based fabrics, combined warp- and weft-knitted jersey-based fabrics and others. Here, it is important that the cloth is a so-called "open cloth", i.e. the cloth contains open spaces or regions defined for instance by loops or meshes. The open structure of the cloth allows removing grinding dust from the surface of the
grinding product. The grinding dust can, for instance, be removed via evacuation from the backside of the grinding product .
In a second step, a coating is applied to one surface of the cloth. In the following, the surface carrying the coating is called grinding surface or front surface. The application of the coating is such that the coated surface of the cloth has one or more flat areas. In other words, the irregular
grinding surface of the cloth defined by more or less
protruding loops or threads etc. is not maintained
unprocessed. Instead, the height-distribution is modified by the coating and/or the process of applying the coating such that one or more flat or plane areas are generated. The resulting cloth has a flattened front surface. Preferably, the coating is a polymer.
In a third step, a grinding agent is applied to the coated surface of the cloth. If necessary, an adhesive agent is used for adhering the grinding agent to the grinding surface.
The flexible grinding product as prepared above contains a network of channels and/or openings defined by fully or
partially coated threads of the cloth. Due to the above- defined coating, plane portions carrying grinding agent are achieved without considerably impairing the open structure of the product. Thus, even though the flexible grinding product according to the invention utilized an open cloth, we11- controlled and uniform grinding results are achievable.
Further, the open cloth provided with controlled and
flattened surface portions allows for very precise coatings like low or controlled make coat levels, intricate formations deposition and different print coating methods. Moreover, a very flexible impregnation and coating with minimal tendency to surface failures with excellent performance of the
grinding product is achieved.
Preferably, the above second step contains at least two sub- steps. In a first sub-step, the coating is applied to the grinding surface of the cloth. In a second sub-step, at least a part of the coated surface is flattened by pressing the grinding surface against a working surface of a smoothing element, such as a plate, belt, film or drum. Large
quantities of the flexible grinding product can thus be manufactured in a highly productive manner. When pressing the grinding surface against the smoothing element, a curing- step of the coating can be performed at the same time as discussed in more detail further below. Applying the coating and flattening the grinding surface via a smoothing element can be performed simultaneously or subsequently. In other words, the order of the two sub- steps of the second step is not particularly restricted. For instance, the smoothing element may carry the coating and apply the coating when pressing the grinding surface of the product against the working surface of the plate or drum. Ail kinds of pressure -less and low pressure coating and printing methods, such as kiss roller, gravure roller and screen printing that do not fill the openings in the cloth can be used. It is as well possible to apply the coating beforehand, for instance via dipping the cloth into the coating or spraying the coating onto the grinding surface or printing the coating onto the surface. When using a smoothing drum, large or even endless sheets of cloth can efficiently be treated.
Preferably, the working surface of the smoothing element is provided with a structural pattern, for instance made of grooves and/or dimples for producing a pattern of plateaus in the coated surface. Printing or engraving a well-defined three-dimensional pattern into the grinding surface can be performed with regard to the uncoated cloth, the coated cloth or by simultaneously coating the cloth. It is for instance possible to press the cloth against a working surface of an engraved roller to create an engraved surface structure having protruding flat plateaus. Sometimes it is desired to have a three dimensional structure of isolated islands of fiat plateaus in order to achieve a desired grinding result. In this respect, not only the coating but also the grinding agent is applied preferably discontinuously, for example in the shape of separate small islands. Further, when
introducing artificial depressions or grooves into the cloth, well-defined channels are generated for evacuation of the grinding dust. In this respect, preferably, the engraved pattern is a regular or periodic pattern of grooves or depressions .
It is preferable that the coating is applied or calendered in a soft or fluid state. The viscosity can for instance be increased with heat. In this case, the coating can easily be applied with a well-defined thickness. It is preferable that the coating does not fully penetrate the cloth. When applying a coating with a certain viscosity, it may become necessary to cure the coating. This is achieved preferably via UV- radiation or other radiation. In this case., flattening the grinding surface via a smoothing element and curing the coating or performing part of the curing process can be achieved simultaneously or almost simultaneously. It is for instance possible to press the surface of the cloth against the working surface of the smoothing element while
irradiating UV- light from the opposite side. The beams penetrate the cloth and reach the coating at the interface between grinding product and drum or plate. Alternatively, cooling or heating the coating is as well possible, in case the coating includes a. thermosetting or a thermoplastic material. Curing or forming via heat or cooling can
efficiently be achieved via a heated or cooled drum provided behind or downstream the smoothing element. Also the heated or cooled drum may have a desired structural pattern in its surface as to be transferred to the grinding surface of the product .
After curing, the coated surface of the cloth is preferably provided with an adhesive agent in order to support
application and adhesion of the grinding agent which is to be applied. In this respect, it is preferable to apply the grinding agent or grinding particles via a kiss drum or via some other pressure- less of low-pressure method. When
applying the grinding agent, it is thus preferable not to degrade the flattened, patterned structure of the grinding surface. Preferably, only flattened areas or plateaus are provided with grinding particles. The level difference between the higher plateaus and the lower depressions allows for a selective coating of only the higher plateaus . The generated grooves or channels as well as the openings of the fabric shall not be clogged with grinding particles.
Preferably, the grinding particles or grinding agent contain abrasive particles such as aluminum, oxide or silicon carbide, also more special particles such as diamond, boron nitride and engineered grains can be used. The flattened surface of the cloth is not only superior in view of the grinding result but also in view of the actual process of applying the grinding particles. The structured surface has plane surface elements following the knitted or woven structure of the product. The product can be provided with grinding particles in a well-defined manner.
Preferably flattening the coated grinding surface of the cloth includes a step of sanding the surface. A sanding step may be applied to further define or to define in first place the flattened structure. Sanding the grinding surface is useful in view of adjusting the size of the flattened areas as well as whether and how the flattened islands or areas are connected with each other. Here, a belt sander can be used, a drum sander, an oscillating sanding beam, combinations thereof or one or more other suitable sanding units . There may be used a calibrating roller or flat pad nip or the cloth can be pressed against the sanding unit by the actual web tension and certain angle of enlacement . There may as well be used combinations thereof .
Preferably, the cloth of knitted or woven fabric is
impregnated before applying the coating. The impregnation helps preparing the cloth for accepting the coating. The impregnation stabilizes the structure of the fabric.
Preferably, the impregnation agent is a resin {or a
different) with a filler and may be based on latex to give a desired flexibility and elasticity.
Preferably, the cloth is provided with projecting loops and/or threads situated on the surface opposite to the grinding surface, wherein the projecting loops and/or threads originate from the threads of the cloth and wherein the projecting loops and/or threads are substantially free of the coating. The projecting loops and/or threads may serve as fastening means for mounting and holding the grinding product to a grinding tool. The loops and/or threads may serve as one part of a hook-and- loop fastener. In a preferred alternative, the flexible grinding product is laminated with foam onto a respective surface of the tool and the foam may further be laminated with a velour on the opposite side for fastening. Preferably, the flexible grinding product is provided with a foam and/or a velour on the side which is intended to be fastened to a respective surface of a grinding tool.
Preferably, the coating is or includes a polymer. The coating may be based on standard Oligomer and monomer-based acrylic formulations, water-dilutable acryiates, dual cure
formulations, as well as Polyurethane -dispersions or similar materials. Further, also UV-curable epoxides and vinylmonomers are suitable materials . However acrylic
oligomer/monomer-based formulations are preferred.
In the following, a tool or machine for coating and
flattening a flexible grinding product is described. The tool comprises a coating agent applying unit for applying a coating agent to the grinding surface of the cloth, a
smoothing and pressing unit, wherein the smoothing and pressing unit has a smoothing drum and is constructed and arranged so that the grinding surface of the cloth is pressed against the smoothing roll for flattening at least portions of the grinding surface, and a curing unit for curing the coating. It is possible that the coating agent applying unit and the smoothing and pressing unit are realized in one single unit allowing for simultaneously applying the coating agent and flattening the cloth.
According to one embodiment, the tool further comprises a grinding agent applying unit for applying a grinding agent to the grinding surface of the cloth.
Preferably, the tool further comprises a radiation source for curing the coating agent . Preferably, the radiation source is positioned opposite to the smoothing drum such that the radiation penetrates the cloth and the coated cloth is smoothened and cured simultaneously.
Preferably, the radiation for curing the coating agent is ultraviolet radiation.
Preferably, the tool further comprises means for transporting the cloth from the coating agent applying unit to the
smoothing and pressing unit, if applicable, and for
transporting the layer of knitted fabric from the smoothing and pressing unit to the grinding agent applying unit, if applicable , Further advantages and aspects of the present invention are provided in the following description of particular
embodiments . The above and below described features may be taken alone but may as well be taken in combination as long as they do not contradict each other. The following
description has to be taken in consideration of the enclosed figures. In the figures, similar features carry the same reference sign.
SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Fig, 1 is a plan view of a cloth of knitted fabric.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the cloth according to Fig. 1, which has been coated and flattened.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a knitted fabric different to the fabric shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of the fabric shown in Fig. 3, which has been coated and flattened.
Figs. 5A to 5H show cross sections of exemplary raw, coated and modified threads of a cloth.
Fig. 6 is a plan view of an impregnated, coated and sanded cloth .
Fig. 7 shows the cross section through line C-C in Fig. 6.
Figs. 8A to 8D show cross sections through line D-D of Fig. 6.
Figs. 9 to 15 schematically illustrate tools and processes for coating and flattening a cloth of fabric. Fig. 16 shows a cross section of a grinding product including loops on the surface opposite to the grinding surface.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a warp-knitted jersey according to
ISO 8388 3.5.1. The fabric can be used as the basis for producing a flexible grinding product .
The cloth is provided with a coating and it is flattened such that a sine-type plateau- structure 100 is generated as shown in Fig . 2..
Figs, 9 and 10 schematically illustrate a tool and process for applying a coating to the grinding surface of the cloth and for flattening the surface. Fig. 9 shows a processing line having a number of drums 10, 20, 21, 30, 31, some of them are optional, for transporting and processing a flexible grinding product and one or more UV-radiation sources 40. Drum 30 is for unwinding the pre-processed flexible grinding product, and drum 31 is for winding the prepared product.
Smoothing drum 10 is illustrated in Pig. 10 in more detail. The smoothing drum 10 is arranged such that it gets into contact with a piece or sheet of cloth C such as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3. Press plates 11 press the cloth C against a working surface of the smoothing drum 10, Application of the coating is for instance performed either via the smoothing drum 10 itself or, as illustrated in Fig. 9, via a coating drum 20 which is directly or indirectly in contact with a reservoir of coating agent 22. In Fig. 9, coating drum 20 is in contact with another drum 21 dipped into the reservoir coating agent 22. Transporting drums 30, 31 and/or other devices for transporting the sheet of cloth C are provided as required. The smoothing drum 10 serves for flattening the coated cloth C. The result is a coated but still open cloth C having flat portions as for instance illustrated in Figs. 2 and 4.
Thereafter or at the time of pressing the cloth C against the working surface of the smoothing drum 10, the coating is cured via UV-radiation originating from the UV- light source 40, Optionally, a second UV- light source 41 can be provided, or more, in case curing in more than one stages is required or desired. Depending on the coating agent, curing via heat or cooling is as well conceivable. It is as well possible to place one or more UV- light sources on the smoothed side of the cloth.
In order to achieve a zig-zag-pattern or sine-pattern as shown in Fig. 2, the smoothing drum 10 or optionally drum 20 or one ore more additional drums may be provided with a structured pattern. The surface of the cloth is pressed against the working surface of the drum with a desired surface structure, thereby generating a regular or irregular structure of plateaus or islands of flat surfaces.
Alternative tools and processes for applying a coating to the grinding surface of the cloth and for flattening the surface are shown in Figs. 11 to 15.
Fig 11 shows a process with a drying- or pre cure unite 50 used for resins that are water- or solvent based.
Alternatively, unite 50 may be an pre cure unite when the smoothing and resin need to be pre cured or thickened before the smoothing .
Fig 12 shows a process where a heat set, water or solvent based resin is used for the smoothing. Drum 10' is heated and the coated cloth and its surface is heat set against the surface of the drum having the desired pattern or smoothness. Fig. 13 shows a process including a curing unit 60 which is located between smoothing drum 10 and drum 31 for winding the flexible grinding product.
For simplicity, Fig. 14 illustrates a sub-process
concentrating on an optional sanding process which can be included in one or more of the above described processes. Unwinding and winding rollers 130 and 131 are optional and may be omitted when incorporating the sanding process in one of the above described processes. Support rollers 132 to 135 serve for adjusting the flexible grinding product relative to the sanding unit which includes a sanding belt 139, an idle roller 138, a drive roller 136 and a pressure roller 137. For instance, two 134 and 135 of the support rollers may be movable as illustrated in order to adjust the angle of enlacement of the grinding product C. Other rollers may as well be movable, for instance for adjusting the enlacement pressure. As an example, the described grinding process may be included immediately after the curing unit illustrated in Fig. 13.
For simplicity, Fig. 15 illustrates a sub-process
concentrating on a possible mineral coating process which may fully or partially be included in one or more of the above described processes. Unwinding and winding rollers 230 and 231 are optional and may be omitted when incorporating the mineral coating process in one of the above described
processes. Fig. 15 schematically illustrates a kiss roller coating unit 131 for make coat, an electrostatic mineral coating unit 132, a first drying or curing chamber 233, another kiss roller coating unit 134 for size coat and a second drying or curing chamber 235,
In another example, the basic cloth is based on a warp- knitted mesh fabric according to ISO 8388 3.5.46 as shown in Fig. 3. In Fig. 4, the open cloth is regularly flattened. The plateaus follow the shape of the filet openings of the cloth. Fig. 5A shows a cross section of a loop bundle in a wale included in the cloth, such as a wale bundle or a double warp thread. In Fig. 5B , the thread is provided with a coating 102 partially or completely filling the thread. In Fig, 5C, the thread is filled and overcoated with coating agent 102, thereby supporting manipulation of the shape of the thread in view of generating flattened portions. Reference sign 102' denotes the overcoated portion of the coating 102. For example, the overcoated portions 102' are flattened or smoothed in Figs. 5D, 5E and 5F. Wherein in Fig. 5D the flattened portion is narrowed, a flattened and broadened example is shown in Fig. 5E. A smoothed and sanded coated thread is shown in Fig, 5F. Overcoating of the thread is not necessarily required for flattening. Instead, the filled thread as shown in Fig. 5B may as well be flattened via a smoothing drum or sanded as shown in Figs. 5G and 5H. The small and big circles in in the illustrated loop bundles schematically indicate that it is possible to have fibers of different cross section. As an example, four monofilaments of larger cross section are included, which can be used to form projecting loops and/or threads situated on the surface opposite to the grinding surface. The projecting loops and/or threads may serve as fastening means for mounting and holding the grinding product to a grinding tool. The loops and/or threads may serve as one part of a hook-and- loop fastener.
An embodiment illustrating the above mentioned projecting loops is shown in Fig. 16. Here, the flexible grinding product has loops 105 on the surface opposite to the grinding surface carrying the coating 102 and the plateaus 100, The grinding product and a supporting surface of a grinding tool, which is not shown, are attached to each other by means of the loops 105 and corresponding means of the supporting surface, such as hooks. The loops and/or hooks provide for a distance between the grinding product and the supporting surface of the tool. Grinding dust which is first transported through the open areas/meshes of the cloth is, thus, easily removed from, the grinding product via the open attachment structure utilizing loops 105. Alternatively or additionally, the flexible grinding product is laminated with foam and/or velour onto a respective surface of the tool , and,
alternatively, the foam may further be laminated with a velour on the opposite side for fastening .
For sanding the product , a belt sander can be used, a drum sander , an oscillating sanding beam, combinations thereof or one or more other suitable sanding units . The.re may be used a calibrating roller or flat pad nip or the cloth can be pressed against the sanding unit by the actual web tension and certain angle of enlacement . There may as well be used combinations thereof .
Fig . 6 is a plan view of a knitted fabric which was
impregnated, overcoated, sanded and thereafter selectively provided with horizontal stripes of polymer, thereby a pattern of plateaus or protruding flat areas 100 was
generated . These plateaus 100 are provided with grinding particles after curing the product such that wale-portions 101 remain free of grinding particles . Thus , islands of flattened portions carrying grinding particles are achieved. The grinding islands will naturally be arbitrarily or
randomly positioned on the wales as the separation of the islands do not necessarily coincide with the pattern of the fabric . This effect can be enhanced by optimizing the pitch of the smoothing pattern in relation to the pattern of the cloth.
The pattern of plateaus can be achieved via different
methods . For instance , the smoothing drum may carry a
corresponding pattern, which then is transferred onto the surface of the fabric . Alternatively, after sanding or flattening the grinding surface of the cloth, the surface can be coated in an additional step with an engraved drum or roller, for instance with grooves in horizontal directions. As a third alternative, the illustrated plateaus 100 may as well be created with a screen-print-device. According to a fourth alternative, the coated, flattened and/or sanded surface of the cloth may be provided with an adhesive agent or make coat. The applied make coat may be structured via an engraved drum. Alternatively, a screen-print -device may be used for applying the make coat. Typically, the difference of level between the plateaus and the depressions when applying the fourth alternative is smaller than what is achievable via the first, second or third alternative because the amount of make coat is limited by abrasive coating demands.
The coating of the grinding particles can be made in
different ways, the coating can comprise a separate make coat that bonds the separately coated grinding particles. The coating can alternatively comprise a slurry of bonding agent and grinding particles and this slurry can be coated into a layer as such, but the layer may subsequently be formed to sanding formations on the flattened surfaces in a desired pattern and shape of formations. The slurry may also be transferred by a roller, belt or film with the engraved desired pattern and may further be formed and cured while in contact with the transferring element.
A cross section through line C-C in Fig. 6 is shown in Fig. 7. Engraved stripes separating the plateaus 100 are cut roughly horizontally. A sloped cutting or other cuttings may as well be possible. Further, a zig- zag- shape or sine-shape as illustrated in Fig . 6 is not necessarily required . The shape of the flattened areas and/or the engraved pattern is adjustable in view of the used fabric , the intended grinding result or other requirements .
Figs. 8A to 8D are cross sections including the plateaus 100 of Figs . 6 and 7 as well as an underlying coated thread or wale part . The wale part is provided with a coating 102. Overcoated portions 102' are flattened or smoothed. In Fig, 8B, plateau 100 is provided with an abrasive mineral serving as a grinding agent 103. Abrasive mineral 103 is applied utilizing an adhesive layer 102'' , In Figs. 8C and 8D, the grinding agent 103' is a slurry deposited in even or
structured formations on the flat portion 100.
Turning to the composition of the coating, polymers are preferred. The coating may be based on standard Oligomer and monomer-based acrylic formulations, water- dilutable
acrylates, dual cure formulations, as well as Polyurethane- dispersions or similar materials. Further, also UV-curable epoxides and vinylmonomers are suitable materials. However acrylic oligomer/monomer-based formulations are preferred.
As an example, a formulation can consist of 20wt% Bisphenol A Epoxy diacrylate, 5wt% (1, 6} -Hexanedioldiacrylate , 15wt% Tricyclodecanedimethanol Diacrylate, 60wt% Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate .
As alternatives also other combinations may be used which include other types of Epoxy acrylates, Polyester, Melamin, Polyurethane or Polyether acrylates .
To achieve suitable viscosity ranges some of the reactive thinners or monomers may as well partially be substituted by low viscous oligomer types such as aliphatic epoxy acrylates, e.g. CN152 from Sartomer .
Alternative monomers may include materials such as 2(2- ethoxyethoxy) ethyl acrylate, Isobornyl acrylate,
Tetrahydrofurfury1 acrylate, 2 - Phenoxyethyl acrylate, (1,6)- Hexanedioldiacrylate, Tripropylene glycol diacrylate,
Dipropylene glycol diacrylate, Pentaerythritol Tetraacrylate , Di- Pentaerythritol Pentaacrylate, as well as other acrylate or methacrylate monomers . Suitable materials can also be for example other radically polymer!zable vinylmonomers, like N- vinylcaprolactam . The amount and type of filler that is used in the coating strongly influences on the final performance of the cured material . In order to modify the properties of the coating different kind of fillers can be used whereas also various combinations of filler materials may be applied. In case of UV-curable coating formulations one needs to assure that the filler is sufficiently penetrable for UV- light in order to ensure curing of the formulation. If, however, EB post-curing is applied during or after the coating step, the filler may also be impenetrable to UV- light . In this case UV-curing is applied in order to preliminary cure the material and fix surface shape and structure whereas the full mechanical properties are reached after EB-post -curing.
For fillers powders having small particle sizes below lOpm are preferred. However coarser particles may be used as well, if applicable. Fillers may as well be used as blends in order to fine-tune the mechanical parameters of the coating.
Examples for suitable fillers are Talc which is the preferred filler for this coating or Aluminumtrihydroxide as an example of an UV-penetrable filler material. Further on Kaolin,
Calcium sulfate or fillers which are similar or identical to abrasive particles based on aluminumoxide , siliconcarbide and the like may be used. With increasing hardness of the filler material the coating will typically show a more brittle behavior towards tear and strain.
The initiator system, used in the formulation is dependent on the resin system that is used. For a typical radically curing acrylic formulation mixtures of several initiators may be used, depending on the type of UV- lamp, line speed and if EB- postcuring is applied.
For a typical formulation with UV pre-curing and EB post- curing e.g. 5wt% Benzophenone 1 -hydroxy-eyelohexylpheny1 - ketone mixture (Additol BCPK from Cytec) in combination with an amine acrylate (7wt%) (Ebecryl 7100) or an amine synergist for instance a tertiary amine {Ebecryl P116 ) may be used. Other initiators and combinations e.g. MAPO, BAPO,
thioxanthones and combinations thereof may be more suitable in some cases, for example when good through cure is
required, typically in combination with only UV- curing hardening .
Other initiator types and combinations such as lodonium- , Sulphonium and other derivates and e.g. anthracence-based derivates of sensitizers or the like may be applicable in case of acid- catalyzed hardening systems or if e.g. UV-LED curing is applied.
Blending of the resins requires no special attention except to assure that all components are homogenously blended within the mixture . Depending on the mixing equipment , the UV-resin may be blended first and the f iller is added to the resin, though also the opposite order can be applied .
The choice of the type of monomer, oligomer and filler combination as well as their ratios strongly depend on the mechanical properties which are required or desired during the further process , e.g. as to the treatment the material such as winding or cutting. Mechanically, the coating needs to be capable of achieving sufficient tension and tear resistance as well as a sufficient flexibility for handling the material during the process .
In terms of applying the coating to a cloth, the UV- curing resin formulation with filler is blended as previously described. Initiators are required in case UV- curing is applied as a curing method .
According to one embodiment , it has shown to be practical to spread the resin/filler mixture by using a doctor roller on an even plastic film substrate , e.g. a PET film. Coating thickness of the resin blend hereby depends on the thickness of the cloth that shall be coated. Preferably coating thicknesses for the coating on the film substrate are between 50 and 800pm, more preferably a thicknesses of approximately 300μm is provided. Subsequently, the film which is coated with the uncured resin mixture is bent around a roller of suitable size and pressed against the cloth. The coated cloth is then moved under a UV-radiation source and cured,
preferably from the backside of the cloth . It is possible to provide an even or calendered film with a surface pattern to be transferred into the grinding surface of the product .

Claims

1. A method of manufacturing a flexible grinding product, the method comprising the following steps;
a) preparing an open cloth (C) of knitted or woven fabric ;
b) applying a coating (102) to one surface of the cloth (C) , wherein the coated surface of the cloth (C) has one or more flat portions (100) ;
c) applying a grinding agent (103) to the coated surface of the cloth (C) .
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that step b) includes:
bl) applying the coating (102) to one surface of the cloth (C) ;
b2 ) flattening at least part of the coated surface by pressing the surface against a working surface of a smoothing element (10) ,
3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the working surface of the smoothing element (10} is provided with a structural pattern for producing a pattern of plateaus in the coated surface .
4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims , characterized in that the coating (102) is applied
discontinuously in shape of separated small islands .
5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims , characterized in that the coating (102) is cured after step b) , preferably with UV- radiation or heat .
6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that , step b) comprises sanding the coated surface for producing one or more flat plateaus (100) .
7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cloth (C) is impregnated between steps a) and b) .
8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims., characterized in that the cloth (C) is provided with
projecting loops and/or threads situated on the opposite surface of the surface to be coated, the loops and/or threads originating from threads of the cloth (C) , wherein
the coating {102} is applied and cured such that the projecting loops and/or threads are substantially free of the coating .
9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coating (102) includes a polymer,
10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims., characterized in that the smoothing element (10) is a
smoothing drum,
11. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grinding agent (103) is a slurry deposited into sanding formations on the flat portions (100) of the cloth.
12. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flexible grinding product is laminated with a foam onto a respective surface of a grinding tool ,
13. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flexible grinding product is laminated with a velour onto a respective surface of a grinding tool.
14. Flexible grinding product having an open cloth (C) , wherein a surface of the cloth (C) is provided with a coating (102) such that the coated surface has one or more flat areas which are at least partially provided with a grinding agent
(103) .
15. Flexible grinding product according to claim 14 ,
characterized in that the coated surface of the cloth (C) has a pattern of grooves or an engraved structure including protruding flat plateaus {100} .
16. Flexible grinding product according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the coating (102) is applied
discontinuous!1/ in the shape of separate small islands.
17. Flexible grinding product according to any one of claims 14 to 16 , characterized in that the coated surface is sanded for producing one or more flat plateaus (100) .
18.. Flexible grinding product according to any one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that the cloth (C) is impregnated.
13. Flexible grinding product according to any one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that the cloth (C) is provided with projecting loops and/or threads situated on the opposite surface of the surface to be coated, the projecting loops and/or threads originating from threads of the cloth (C) , wherein the projecting loops and/or threads are substantially free of the coating.
20. Flexible grinding product according to any one of claims 14 to 19, characterized in that the grinding agent (103) is a slurry that is deposited as sanding formations on the
flattened surfaces (100) of the cloth .
21, Flexible grinding product according to any one of claims 14 to 20, characterized in that the flexible grinding product is laminated with a foam onto a respective surface of a grinding tool.
22. Flexible grinding product according to any one of claims 14 to 21, characterized in that the flexible grinding product is laminated with a velour onto a respective surface of a grinding tool .
PCT/EP2012/067294 2012-09-05 2012-09-05 Flexible grinding product with flattened surface and method for manufacturing the same WO2014037034A1 (en)

Priority Applications (18)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA3140583A CA3140583A1 (en) 2012-09-05 2012-09-05 Flexible grinding product with flattened surface and method for manufacturing the same
AU2012389284A AU2012389284B2 (en) 2012-09-05 2012-09-05 Flexible grinding product with flattened surface and method for manufacturing the same
KR1020157008374A KR101991417B1 (en) 2012-09-05 2012-09-05 Flexible grinding product with flattened surface and method for manufacturing the same
PCT/EP2012/067294 WO2014037034A1 (en) 2012-09-05 2012-09-05 Flexible grinding product with flattened surface and method for manufacturing the same
ES12756703T ES2902993T3 (en) 2012-09-05 2012-09-05 Flexible grinding product with a flattened surface and method of manufacturing the same
BR112015004809-9A BR112015004809B1 (en) 2012-09-05 FLEXIBLE ABRASIVE PRODUCT WITH FLAT SURFACE AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD
MX2015002909A MX2015002909A (en) 2012-09-05 2012-09-05 Flexible grinding product with flattened surface and method for manufacturing the same.
CA2883790A CA2883790C (en) 2012-09-05 2012-09-05 Flexible grinding product with flattened surface and method for manufacturing the same
PL12756703T PL2895298T3 (en) 2012-09-05 2012-09-05 Flexible grinding product with flattened surface and method for manufacturing the same
CN202010284023.5A CN111604823A (en) 2012-09-05 2012-09-05 Flexible abrasive product having a flat surface and method for making the same
US14/425,766 US10549403B2 (en) 2012-09-05 2012-09-05 Flexible grinding product with flattened surface and method for manufacturing the same
EP12756703.0A EP2895298B1 (en) 2012-09-05 2012-09-05 Flexible grinding product with flattened surface and method for manufacturing the same
CN201280075666.2A CN104797380A (en) 2012-09-05 2012-09-05 Flexible grinding product with flattened surface and method for manufacturing the same
JP2015530302A JP2015527212A (en) 2012-09-05 2012-09-05 Flexible grinding product having flattened surface and method of manufacturing the same
EP21203123.1A EP4000807A1 (en) 2012-09-05 2012-09-05 Flexible grinding product with flattened surface and method for manufacturing the same
RU2015112299A RU2617184C2 (en) 2012-09-05 2012-09-05 Flexible grinding product with smooth surface and its manufacturing method
TW102132062A TWI669192B (en) 2012-09-05 2013-09-05 Flexible grinding product with flattened surface and method for manufacturing the same
ZA201501495A ZA201501495B (en) 2012-09-05 2015-03-04 Flexible grinding product with flattened surface and method for manufacturing the same

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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US (1) US10549403B2 (en)
EP (2) EP2895298B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2015527212A (en)
KR (1) KR101991417B1 (en)
CN (2) CN104797380A (en)
AU (1) AU2012389284B2 (en)
CA (2) CA3140583A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2902993T3 (en)
MX (1) MX2015002909A (en)
PL (1) PL2895298T3 (en)
RU (1) RU2617184C2 (en)
TW (1) TWI669192B (en)
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EP2895298A1 (en) 2015-07-22
BR112015004809A2 (en) 2017-07-04
CA3140583A1 (en) 2014-03-13
RU2015112299A (en) 2016-10-27
TW201420276A (en) 2014-06-01
TWI669192B (en) 2019-08-21
KR101991417B1 (en) 2019-06-21
CN111604823A (en) 2020-09-01
AU2012389284B2 (en) 2017-09-28
KR20150052200A (en) 2015-05-13
CA2883790C (en) 2022-01-18
US10549403B2 (en) 2020-02-04
US20150343605A1 (en) 2015-12-03
PL2895298T3 (en) 2022-03-07
BR112015004809A8 (en) 2018-02-06
EP2895298B1 (en) 2021-10-20
RU2617184C2 (en) 2017-04-21
JP2015527212A (en) 2015-09-17
EP4000807A1 (en) 2022-05-25
CN104797380A (en) 2015-07-22
AU2012389284A1 (en) 2015-03-19
ZA201501495B (en) 2019-10-30
CA2883790A1 (en) 2014-03-13
MX2015002909A (en) 2015-09-21
ES2902993T3 (en) 2022-03-30

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