TWI765851B - Abrasive belt grinding product - Google Patents

Abstract

An abrasive belt is provided which comprises a textile fabric being formed of interconnected yarns, and a coherent abrasive area formed on one side of the textile fabric, wherein the abrasive belt further comprises a plurality of regularly distributed openings in the form of through holes. The abrasive belt allows for a homogenous distribution of the abrasive material and thus an even sanding finish as well as for an appropriate dust removal and appropriate mechanical properties.

Description

Friction Belt Abrasive Products

The present invention relates to a friction product in the form of a friction belt, a friction belt abrasive product or a corresponding converted form.

Friction strips belong to a class of friction products that are widely used in both hand-held and stationary devices of various designs and in different settings, where the advantage is a continuous and uniform friction area for metal, paint, plastic and wood as well as lacquer Grinding, sanding, finishing or polishing of coated surfaces, etc.

The backing of the friction belt is usually paper or fabric and should meet specific requirements with regard to its mechanical properties and functionality. The longitudinal elongation needs to be kept low and the strength in the transverse direction should be sufficient for practical product application.

Applications for friction belts are in most cases related to excessive dust formation and one limiting problem in the use of this type of abrasive is clogging of the formed dust and other particles that are not removed from the work area. If the backing material has a closed surface, the removal of dust and other particles is hindered. In particular, sanding materials like wood, plastic and filler-rich coatings generate a lot of dust and the use of traditional tape products with closed backing materials of woven fabrics and paper presents a significant disadvantage.

As long as the use of friction belts generally provides a high friction rate and good sanding performance, this leads to a tendency to block and overheat. In the worst case, this can lead to burn marks on the sanded material and significantly worsen the rubbing results. Minor adverse effects are impaired operating conditions, grinding The life of the material is shortened, and the corresponding increase in the need for maintenance interruptions.

The current state-of-the-art removes the dust formed by using a dust extraction device positioned near the end of the sanding area in order to remove as much dust as possible. Also generally used are means of blowing compressed air or a cleaning gas onto the belt surface and extracting particles from the belt surface by means of a vacuum extraction or the like.

As long as a conventional sanding belt with a closed structure is used, it is impossible to directly extract dust through a sanding belt with such a configuration. This applies to friction tapes with a woven fabric, paper or film backing. Merely providing perforations to these belts will not work in most cases, since at the same time certain mechanical requirements must be met. Accordingly, at most a very limited number of holes can be implemented into the paper, woven fabric or film backing without causing a large and undesirable reduction in one of the belt's tensile strength and durability. As a result, perforations are limited in size and number and perforated tapes made from such backing materials generally do not provide an effective dust extraction.

Blockage due to the accumulation of abrasive dust is a major problem in the use of most abrasive products (in general), but especially in the sanding of materials like wood, plastic and filler-rich coatings. Sanding of these materials generates a lot of dust when using traditional tape products with backing materials of woven fabric and paper.

Specifically, with regard to dust removal, US 2005/020190 and US 6,923,840 describe abrasive products with apertured backings. However, since the open foam structure is attached to a continuous film backing, dust will accumulate in the openings. In EP 1 733 844 cavities are created in the friction backing material. While these methods allow a larger amount of dust to accumulate in the cavity or opening, after a certain time, these areas will also inevitably become clogged.

US 2,984,052 describes a woven fabric with regularly interwoven yarns with a friction coating. However, the friction area is limited to regularly distributed eminences or islands. This structure is not suitable for abrasive belt applications because the regularly distributed islands will result in a given streak-like pattern on one of the sanded surfaces. This may be desirable in some specific products, but in most sanding applications, a finish with a uniform sanded surface is of the outermost importance.

The same behavior applies to a belt made of a textile backing like the abrasive described, for example, in EP 0 779 851. The described zigzag structures based on warp-knitted bundles in the direction of travel are not interconnected across the ribbon by other surfaces covered with abrasive particles. In other words, there are "free" areas across the belt where the connecting yarns between the bundles are positioned below the bundles covered with abrasive particles. This will result in a friction effect only from the warp-based bundle in contact with the surface. As a result, the warp-knitted bundle can contain a structure on the surface. A similar effect can occur if the pressure exerted on the belt's support backing is unevenly distributed over the sanded surface.

Another way to improve dust removal is to use or even increase the height difference in the surface of the abrasive material. This can be achieved by arranging the particulate material in a structured manner (eg in the form of dots or islands as in EP 2 390 056). However, if transferred to an abrasive belt, this method will result in an uneven sanded finish. Furthermore, the area between the islands will also be blocked after some time.

US 5,674,122 describes a mesh abrasive intended for discs and sheets having a patterned array of openings in the backing. The backing typically has distinct regions with different surface areas. Correspondingly, this will result in an uneven particle distribution across the rubbed product on the surface. As a result, if this non-uniform particle distribution pattern is used in a friction belt product, streaks will develop in the sanded surface.

Another example of an open structure abrasive is provided in EP 1 522 386, which discloses an abrasive product comprising one of two layers of parallel yarns running in both the abrasive direction and the transverse direction. This solution works, but when pressure is applied to the construction, the warp yarns will cause an uneven sanding pressure distribution on the weft yarns covered with abrasive particles and thus a structuring of the sanded surface.

EP 0 779 851 describes an open mesh cloth of one of the woven or woven yarns provided with abrasive particles. The invention more specifically relates to a structure based on friction loops or yarns distributed over a surface. The concept of the present invention allows abrasive dust to be removed, but the surface structure of the abrasive article is rough and the abrasive area is localized point by point. The structure of the friction material is also related to the mechanical strength degree of problems, which will not make the product suitable for tape applications.

For friction belts, the requirements for dust removal conflict with the need to modify the backing material in order to achieve the desired mechanical properties. Sufficient hardness is achieved, for example, by dip molding with a suitable resin as in US 4,386,943. Sufficient mechanical strength has also been claimed in US 5,700,188 by applying a structure in different layers.

An object of the present invention is to provide a friction belt abrasive product with an improved abrasive performance and an excellent durability.

This object is solved using the friction belts according to technical solutions 1, 21 and 23. The accompanying technical solutions define preferred embodiments, wherein all such embodiments are intended to be combinable with each other, so long as their differences contradict each other.

In particular, a friction belt includes a woven fabric formed from interconnected fabric yarns and a continuous friction area formed on one side of the woven fabric. Furthermore, the friction belt includes a plurality of regularly distributed openings in the form of perforations.

By this, the expression "interconnecting" means that the fabric yarns cross each other at least at the point of interconnection. Preferably, the interconnections are formed in entanglement as one fabric yarn loops around another fabric yarn and vice versa.

The term "continuous" means that the friction strip includes a single, interconnected friction area that is continuous, in contrast to isolated friction sheets or islands. The friction area in this context represents an area by which a workpiece can be sanded or rubbed. The expression "fabric yarn" refers to the yarn that forms the basis of a textile fabric. Preferred textile fabrics are defined in ISO 8388 and include weft knitted jersey, weft double jersey, weft rib, weft reverse knit, warp jersey, warp double jersey woven fabrics, warp knitted rib fabrics, warp knitted reverse knitted fabrics, warp knitted and weft knitted jersey fabrics and others. In addition, woven fabrics are possible.

Due to the perforations, sanding dust and other particles can easily penetrate the friction belt. This remarkable Facilitates the removal of dust from the sanding area where the workpiece is machined and prevents clogging of the friction belt. This, in turn, increases the life of the friction belt and prevents excessive heating of one of the sanded surfaces, which ensures a high quality sanded finish. Furthermore, perforations are provided so that an operator can inspect the friction belt as the belt is driven for transport. This allows the operator to have better control over one of the grinding procedures, which is especially important for machines where sanding pressure is manually applied. However, this feature is also advantageous for automatic sanding machines as it allows a visual quality control during the sanding procedure.

The continuous friction area ensures that one of the sanded products is uniformly trimmed, since due to this continuous friction area, throughout the belt, there are no spacers that could appear as streaks in the sanded surface. The regular distribution of openings further contributes to an optimized surface finish on the sanded workpiece. On the one hand, a regular distribution of openings means that the area between adjacent openings is substantially constant throughout the friction zone, which is equivalent to the notion that the area density of the friction area is also substantially constant throughout the zone. On the other hand, a regular distribution of perforations precludes the possibility of local variations in the number of perforations, which may lead to an uneven sanding result. In this regard, "area density" is an explanatory term that can be viewed as a fraction of the area occupied by abrasive in a portion of the belt to the imaginary total area of the belt in that portion (ie, the area including the holes) share. Naturally, this definition is only plausible if the portion is dimensioned to have a length that is at least twice the long dimension of the opening.

At the same time, the textile fabric formed from the interconnected fabric yarns ensures that the friction belt has sufficient mechanical properties necessary for the application of the friction belt. In particular, by using a woven fabric formed from interconnected fabric yarns, perforations can be formed in the belt while the longitudinal elongation can be kept low and a certain strength in the transverse direction can be obtained.

This can be applied not only to an abrasive belt, but to any abrasive product suitable for unidirectional sanding operations, where an abrasive material extends along a vertical or horizontal axis to a target to establish a uniform sanding after the abrasive procedure surface area. Usually, the conversion form of this abrasive product takes the form of a belt, but can also be in the form of rolls, sheets, triangles, discs formula or other appropriate conversion form.

Preferably, the openings are arranged on a line perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the belt, wherein the openings are regularly spaced in the line direction and the lines are offset from each other with respect to the position of their openings.

The longitudinal direction is the direction in which the belt is driven for transport when used in a sanding machine or the like. If the rubbing product is used in a different transformation form, such as a roll, sheet or the like, the longitudinal direction can also be regarded as the direction in which the rubbing procedure is carried out when the material is used.

The regular spacing of the openings in the line direction ensures that a uniform sanded surface is achieved across the width of the sanded area. If the lines are offset from each other with respect to the positions of their openings, the openings are not arranged in a uniform row along the longitudinal direction. This further reduces the appearance of streaks along the width of the sanded area.

Thereby, it is further preferred that the subsequent lines (ie lines that follow each other in the longitudinal direction) are offset from each other with respect to the position of their opening.

In this regard, it is further preferred that the offset between subsequent lines is such that the openings of each second line are aligned in the longitudinal direction.

The latter, if viewed in the longitudinal direction, means (in other words) coated with an area of abrasive between two adjacent openings in one line followed by one of the openings in the next line, which in turn is then coated with a second next line One of the abrasive areas of the thread and so on. Accordingly, this configuration effectively inhibits the formation of streaks in the modified product. Furthermore, a constant local friction area density is achieved with respect to a length scale on the order of twice the long dimension of the opening throughout the entire friction belt. This is equivalent to the concept of providing a highly uniform friction area, which further facilitates a uniform sanded finish. In addition, also from the point of view of the mechanical stability of the belt, the alternating arrangement of openings contributes to an improved strength in both the longitudinal and transverse directions of the belt, since the subsequent symmetrical structure of the belt can absorb and distribute in an optimal way force.

Preferably, the friction belt has a uniform thickness. This uniform thickness ensures that a surface in contact with a workpiece is as uniform as possible when the friction belt is pressed against the workpiece. in addition, This enables direct control of the pressure used to apply the friction belt to the workpiece.

Preferably, the continuous friction area on one side (ie, the front side) of the woven fabric includes a coating on one side of the woven fabric.

The coating provides a uniform base layer to which the abrasive can be applied. Thereby, the coating can eliminate high irregularities and further promote a uniform friction area. To this end, the coating may be specially treated ("flattened") prior to application of the abrasive particles in order to form a uniform surface. As described in WO 2014/037034, this can be achieved by a specific way of applying the coating (eg by using a coating roll). Furthermore, a flattening effect can be achieved by pressing a flattened device against the uncured coating. In addition, there is the possibility of mechanically rubbing or sanding the easily applied coating in order to eliminate (smooth out) any existing non-uniformities.

The other side (ie, the backside) of the friction belt may be substantially uncoated. On the one hand, this makes it possible to reduce the amount of coating necessary for the manufacture of the friction belt and thus contributes to a more cost-effective product. On the other hand, since the other side of the woven fabric is substantially uncoated, the resulting product is more flexible. This may be beneficial during use, especially if the drive roller around which the friction belt is wound has a small diameter. It should be noted that "substantially uncoated" does not preclude the fabric yarns from carrying other materials, which are, for example, part of a dipped part of the textile fabric.

Alternatively/in addition, the friction belt may also include a coating applied on the other side (ie, the back side) of the textile fabric. Hereinafter, this coating may also be referred to as "second coating". Thereby, the second coating can be used to further tune the mechanical properties of the band. In addition, it can be used to provide a flat back side of the belt. For certain applications, particularly where high sanding pressures are applied or a sanding procedure is performed in close proximity to the drive member of the sanding machine, a flat backside of the belt will further facilitate a uniform sanding finish. In addition, this reduces wear of the abrasive in the friction area.

At this point, it is further contemplated to flatten the backside of the belt. As in the case of the coating on the front side, this flattening can be achieved by pressing, calendering or rubbing procedures. Thereby, these procedures can be applied directly to the textile fabric forming the backside of the belt or to a second coating (if present).

Preferably, the ratio of the volume of the fabric yarn to the volume of the overall product (excluding openings) is 0.1 to 0.9 and even more preferably 0.4 to 0.8.

Within this volume ratio, a friction product with good mechanical and topological properties can be achieved. In one aspect, the resulting product has a sufficient mechanical strength to withstand the tension in abrasive applications. On the other hand, at a given volume ratio, the irregularities in the height profile of the product originating from the interconnection points of the fabric yarns can be easily matched. Furthermore, the product can be manufactured in a cost-effective manner.

The weight ratio between the yarn and the overall product is preferably 0.2 to 0.9.

Also for this weight ratio, a good compromise between mechanical and structural properties can be achieved.

With regard to textile fabrics, the fabric yarns are preferably interconnected by weaving, sewing or weaving.

These techniques offer one possibility to optimally meet the conflicting requirements of having an open structure with a preferably highly regular pattern of openings while having a sufficient resistance of the tape/woven fabric to tension. Furthermore, these techniques present a cost-effective way to manufacture textile fabrics.

The openings are preferably uniform (in size and shape), which is beneficial for obtaining a uniform sanded finish.

The openings preferably have an equilateral quadrilateral shape or have a hexagonal shape.

The concept of having an equilateral quadrilateral or having a hexagonal shape that is highly symmetrical to the opening is equivalent. This is beneficial in terms of sanding results because the friction band is highly regular throughout the area between adjacent openings. In addition, these shapes may contribute to an increased tensile strength of the belt since tension is generally more evenly distributed.

The opening preferably has a long dimension (in other words, it is the longest diameter across the opening), and a short dimension (in other words, it is the shortest diameter across the opening), wherein the long dimension extends in the longitudinal direction of the friction belt.

This feature (in other words, it means that the openings are elongated in the longitudinal direction) further contributes to the improved strength of the friction belt against an extension in the longitudinal direction. This can be attributed to the elongated geometry of the structure, which is able to absorb tension without inducing a lateral contraction.

The length of the opening should be between 0.3mm and 20.0mm.

These dimensions generally provide a good compromise between the mechanical strength of the friction belt and a sufficient size of the opening so that sanding dust and other particles can easily penetrate the friction belt. In short, the equivalent values may be suitable for basic applications.

The average width of the openings (ie, the diameter of the openings in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction) is preferably at least 0.3 times the shortest distance separating adjacent openings in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The average width of the openings (i.e., the diameter of the openings in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction) is preferably at least 0.7 times the shortest distance separating adjacent openings in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and the average width of the openings (i.e., , the diameter of the opening in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction) is preferably between 0.8 times and 1.2 times the shortest distance separating adjacent openings in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.

In other words, if the width of the opening in a transverse direction (ie, a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction) is on the order of a connecting region in the transverse direction, the likelihood of streaking in sanded workpieces can be further reduced. This is due to the fact that at these dimensions, a good overlap of one of the subsequent openings in the longitudinal direction can be achieved, which further reduces the possibility of streak formation.

The interconnected fabric yarns are preferably arranged in bundles of a plurality of interconnected fabric yarns, wherein the bundles are separated adjacent to the openings and arranged in such a way that they extend in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction.

In other words, the bundles interconnect the strands of fabric yarns. Correspondingly, a bundle reflects the overall direction of propagation of interconnecting fabric yarns through a textile fabric, which is in a direction that does not consider fabric yarns for the overall direction of propagation, for example, originating from fabric yarns around adjacent fabric yarns In the sense of small local variations in the number of turns or loops of a wire. Accordingly, the lacing belt is coated with abrasive and thus forms the area for the basis of the rubbing area. due to the beam crossing the longitudinal direction The fact that one extends in one direction, meaning that it does not propagate strictly parallel to the longitudinal direction, further reduces the likelihood of streaks in sanded products.

Preferably, the number of fabric yarns crossing at the interconnection point of the interconnecting fabric yarns is constant throughout the friction belt. More preferably, the number of fabric yarns crossing at the interconnection point of the interconnecting fabric yarns is between two and ten.

In this regard, it should be noted that, on the one hand, the formation of the interconnection of the fabric yarns is preferable in order to produce a coherent and practically stable material. Without interconnecting the fabric yarns, a loose yarn only product and no woven fabric would result. On the other hand, the point of interconnection (where the fabric yarns cross) necessarily requires a local height variation (ie, a point where one of the fabric yarns is locally enriched). This can be detrimental for sanding applications because the interconnection points can show up as streaks in the finished product. If the number of fabric yarns crossing at the interconnection point is kept constant, and more preferably, throughout the entire friction belt, at a minimum of two yarns thereof, then the height variation can however be kept at a minimum . Accordingly, a highly uniform thickness of the friction strip can be achieved, which allows a uniform sanding finish.

Preferably, the thickness of the fabric yarns is 5 to 4,000 dtex and in particular 150 to 900 dtex.

Preferably, the woven fabric has an atlas or cord structure.

Thereby, the satin or relief structure is suitable for combining the desired open structure of the friction belt with the requirement of having a uniform and continuous friction area. In addition, these structures allow the formation of a woven fabric that can withstand, at least to some extent, tensile strain in both the machine and transverse directions without excessive elongation.

Preferably, the friction belt further comprises reinforcing yarns threaded into the woven fabric.

The use of reinforced yarns can further improve the mechanical stability of the friction belt. Since these reinforcing yarns are threaded into the textile fabric, they affect the uniformity of the friction area as little as possible.

Preferably, the reinforcing yarn is threaded into the textile fabric in the form of a cylindrical stitch.

Thereby, the cylindrical stitches offer the possibility of arranging the reinforcing yarns in a direction essentially along the longitudinal direction, which specifically enhances the resistance of the belt to tension in the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, the cylindrical suture is effective in achieving a desired mechanical reinforcement without significantly deteriorating the uniformity of the friction area.

Preferably, a thickness of the reinforcing yarn is 1 to 1/20 times the thickness of the fabric yarn and more preferably 1/2 to 1/10 times the thickness of the fabric yarn.

This ensures that the reinforcing yarns will not cause significant lift in the textile fabric when threaded into the textile fabric. Accordingly, a friction belt can be obtained which is mechanically stable and at the same time has a uniform thickness.

Preferably, the reinforcing yarns penetrate or follow a bundle of interconnecting fabric yarns.

This is such that the reinforcing yarns do not cross the opening, which means that the provision of these reinforcing yarns does not adversely affect the open structure of the belt. Although mechanically reinforced, the desired penetration of the friction belt against sanding dust and other particles is guaranteed.

Preferably, the textile fabric is impregnated with a dip, wherein even more preferably, the textile fabric is stretched during the coating and/or curing dip.

With the aid of a dip moulding, it is possible to further improve the mechanical stability of the friction belt and, in particular, the strength of the belt with regard to elongation in the longitudinal and transverse directions relative to the longitudinal direction. Additionally, if the textile fabric is stretched during the application dip, the openings in the textile fabric can be formed into the desired shape prior to being secured by the cured dip. This allows for customizing the shape of the opening for each application. In addition, if the textile fabric is stretched in the longitudinal direction before the dip coating is applied, this further reduces the elongation of the trim friction belt in the longitudinal direction.

Preferably, the total surface area of the openings is 0.1 to 10 times the total surface area of the total continuous friction area, more preferably equal to or greater than the total surface area of the total continuous friction area, and even more preferably the total surface area of the total continuous friction area 1.0 times to 2.2 times.

In other words, this means that it is preferable to have a highly open structure that allows sanding dust to easily penetrate the friction belt. Furthermore, this ratio between the area of the opening and the friction area ensures that the friction surface The area fraction of the product is uniformly distributed over the total surface of the friction belt and ensures that there is, in particular, no tendency for certain friction areas to form streaks if the friction belt is driven to convey. Additionally, this facilitates handling of the friction belt during use because an operator of a sanding machine can inspect the friction belt being driven to convey in order to control and/or adjust the sanding program.

Preferably, the elongation of the friction belt is less than 1% and preferably less than 0.8% when a force of 100 N is applied to a width of 50 mm per 200 mm of a sample length.

Furthermore, according to another aspect, there is provided a friction belt comprising a plurality of openings in the form of perforations, wherein the openings are arranged on a line perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the friction belt, the openings are regularly spaced along the direction of the line and subsequent lines offset from each other with respect to the position of their openings.

According to yet another aspect, there is provided a friction belt comprising a woven fabric formed of interconnected fabric yarns, a plurality of openings in the form of perforations, a friction area on a front side of the woven fabric, and a back of the woven fabric One coating on the side.

Preferably, the coating on the backside is flattened.

Features as described above are applicable not only to an abrasive belt, but also to abrasive products in general, where the rubbing procedure is unidirectional (ie, wherein the abrasive procedure is primarily performed along one direction of the abrasive product) and the sanding results It must be as uniform as possible. In addition to tape abrasive products, possible conversion forms include rolls, sheets, triangles or disks.

1‧‧‧friction belt

2‧‧‧Textiles

10‧‧‧Opening

20‧‧‧Fabric Yarn

21‧‧‧ strands or bundles

25‧‧‧Reinforcement Yarn

30‧‧‧Dipping

40‧‧‧Coating

50‧‧‧Abrasive Materials/Abrasives

60‧‧‧Friction area

M1‧‧‧Vertical orientation

L1‧‧‧Line

L2‧‧‧line

The present invention may be better understood by reference to the following description, which is disclosed in the preferred embodiments of the invention and taken in conjunction with the following accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows a section of a friction belt in different stages of a production process for a friction belt according to an embodiment.

Figure 2 schematically shows a cross section of a friction belt according to a preferred embodiment.

3A and 3B schematically show the outline of the structure of the friction belt in a top view according to the preferred embodiment.

Figure 4 shows an example of a weave pattern according to a preferred embodiment.

Figure 5 shows another example of a weave pattern according to a preferred embodiment.

Figure 6 shows another example of a weave pattern according to a preferred embodiment.

Figure 7 shows another example of a weave pattern according to another embodiment.

Figure 8 shows an example of a reinforced weave pattern according to a preferred embodiment.

Figure 9 shows an example of a reinforced weave pattern according to a preferred embodiment.

Figure 10 shows another example of a reinforcing weave pattern according to a preferred embodiment.

11A-11C show SEM images of cuts through an abrasive product.

The description and accompanying drawings should be interpreted by way of example and not by way of limitation.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments are described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a section of a friction belt 1 according to an embodiment. The different layers shown in Figure 1 illustrate the friction belt 1 in different stages of its process. As can be inferred from stage one, the textile fabric 2 of the friction belt 1 comprises a plurality of interconnected fabric yarns 20 . Preferably, the textile fabric 2 is in the form of a woven textile fabric, which can be produced, for example, by warp knitting on a textile production machine. In stage two, the textile fabric 2 is actually fixed by applying a dip 30 . In stage three, the dipped textile fabric 2 has been coated with a coating 40 . In addition, the abrasive material or abrasive 50 has been applied as desired by using a suitable bonding system. Thereby, a continuous friction area 60 is formed, in which the abrasive 50 is evenly distributed on the friction belt 1 . Stage three may be referred to as the final precursor stage prior to further conversion and the procedural stage is carried out to convert the material into a functional friction product. It should be noted that dipping is not mandatory and the dipping step can also be omitted. Alternatively, the abrasive can be applied directly to the textile fabric or dip, ie, without any coating.

The type of interconnection between the fabric yarns 20 is generally less relevant, provided that conflicting requirements such as identification of the friction zone can be achieved: a small elongation under combined load and an open structure and achieve a uniform sanding ability to result.

For this reason, the number of crossings of the fabric yarns 20 at the interconnection points of the fabric yarns 20 is preferably uniform throughout the textile fabric 2 , as can be deduced from the cross-sectional view in FIG. 2 . Specifically, in Figure 2, the number of crossings of the fabric yarns 20 at the interconnection point is two.

This ensures that local enrichment of the yarns 20 due to interconnections is limited. "Enrichment of yarns" refers to the fact that, in the textile fabric 2, one of the fabric yarns 20 is necessary to interlink in order to produce a coherent and practically stable material. Without interconnecting the stitches, only loose fabric yarns 20 would be produced, and no woven fabric 2 would be produced. In theory and in practice, a warp knit or other type of textile requires a minimum of one interconnection point per stitch. However, when more than two fabric yarns 20 cross at such an interconnection point, more than a minimum amount of fabric yarns 20 exists to create such an interconnection point. Thus, such yarn crossings involving more than two fabric yarns 20 per interconnection point result in less elevation in the woven fabric 2 when the level of the interconnection point is compared to the rest of the woven fabric 2 .

The uniform number of intersections throughout the textile fabric 2 ensures a uniform height of the friction belt 1 , which is preferably on the order of 1.5 to 5 times the diameter of the individual fabric yarns 20 . It is also undesirable for certain surface areas to be at a lower level than other surfaces as this will result in uneven sanding results and the formation of streaks on the sanded surface.

3A and 3B schematically show the outline of the structure of the friction belt in a top view. The profile of the belt 1 is thereby essentially the same as the friction area 60 . As can be obtained from this illustration, the openings 10 are highly symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal direction M1 and are perpendicular to this direction. This is preferred because these structures ensure that the friction area between adjacent openings 10 is as uniform as possible, which in turn results in a regularly and evenly distributed friction area 60 throughout the belt 1 . In other words, this means that the local density of the friction area (which can be measured in the friction area per unit area) is essentially constant throughout the friction zone 1 (at least on the length scale of the unit area, which is greater than or equal to two opening diameter).

Furthermore, the openings 10 are arranged on lines L1 , L2 perpendicular to the longitudinal direction M1 of the friction belt 1 and the subsequent lines L1 , L2 are offset from each other with respect to the position of their openings 10 .

Furthermore, the width of the opening and the width of the area between the two openings (ie, the "connection area") are of the same order in the transverse direction (ie, in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction), which further promotes a uniform sanding finish noodle. For example, if the width of the opening is 1.5 mm, the width of the connecting region may be 0.3 mm to 5.0 mm, which still ensures that one of the openings in the subsequent row "overlaps" sufficiently. Even better would be that a width of the connecting area could be between 1 mm and 2.0 mm for a width of the opening of 1.5 mm.

The strands or bundles 21 of interconnected fabric yarns 20, which are separated adjacent to the opening 10, travel at a given angle relative to the longitudinal direction M1. The term "bundle" of yarn shall refer to the overall shape or direction described by the fabric yarn as it travels in the textile fabric. Correspondingly, the bundles 21 of fabric yarns 20 will form mirror images of each other as seen from a plane of the cross-joining point in the longitudinal direction of the belt 1 (FIG. 3). Examples of such geometries for openings are presented in FIGS. 3A and 3B , where FIG. 3A shows an essentially equilateral quadrangular opening 10 and FIG. 3B shows an essentially hexagonal opening 10 .

The uniformity of the friction area 60 for the symmetrical opening 10 illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B can be further illustrated by a virtual projection of the friction area of two consecutive lines of the opening 10 on a line perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, which The height will be uniform in both cases and a good "sanding area balance" is required. Thus, the sanded area balance can be viewed as a measure for the deviation of the actual area of the rubbed area within one repetition of the pattern (ie, within the two consecutive lines L1, L2).

In this regard, the equilateral openings 10 may provide a sanding area balance that is even better as for the hexagonal openings 10 if the longitudinal direction is as indicated in FIGS. 3A and 3B . The interconnection points between the single hexagonal openings 10 should in this case be kept as short as possible since these areas would disrupt the sanding area balance between the areas coated with abrasive 50 .

With regard to the bundles 21, the number of fabric yarns 20 per bundle 21 is preferably two, since this ensures a uniform thickness of one of the belts 1.

If the woven fabric is formed from woven yarns, the preferred weave pattern is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 . Another preferred weave pattern is illustrated in FIG. 6 .

Referring first to Figures 4 and 5, one possible structure is based on a woven fabric with an open (Figure 4) or closed satin joint (Figure 5).

The term "open satin tie" refers to a weave pattern running in two or more rows on a warp knitting machine. Accordingly, the intermediate sutures that induce a change in direction between the sutures can be open, closed, or a combination thereof. An open stitch pattern is based, for example, on the following warp knit construction types: 1-0/1-2/2-3/2-1// (FIG. 4). Hereby the notation 1-0/1-2/2-3/2-1// is a notation according to the ISO 8388:1998 standard (page 76, "B4 Chain Notation").

The term "closed satin tie" also refers to the intermediate seams between changes of direction in the weave pattern. In contrast to the example of an open satin junction, a closed satin junction follows, for example, the following weave structure types: 0-1/2-1/3-2/1-2// (FIG. 5).

For a satin weave, the bundles 21 of interconnecting yarns 20 can generally be viewed as projecting obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction M1 of the belt 1 .

A double row satin structure should be used. In this regard, the number of columns refers to the number of stitches that travel in one direction before the knitting travels in the opposite direction. Another definition relates to the repeat height of the pattern. In this case, the number of columns is equal to half the repeat height. For example, for a satin repeat height of four, the number of columns is thus equal to two. In this context, the term "course" may be used, which in the field of warp knitting refers to the number of stitches required until the pattern to be knitted begins to repeat itself. Thus, a pattern with a repeat height of four requires four weft turns until the next repeat begins.

An equilateral quadrilateral opening 10 is provided based on a two-column structure. Accordingly, all surfaces positioned in the middle of the openings 10 in the textile fabric 2 have exactly the same area. This ensures an even distribution throughout one of the friction areas of the friction belt 1 . At the same time, the enrichment of fabric yarns 20 at the interconnection points can be kept low. In addition, the opening 10 is arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the friction belt 1 In the lines L1 , L2 to M1 , and the subsequent lines are offset from each other with respect to the position of their openings 10 . Thus, when used as a friction belt 1, these structures will provide an equal removal rate throughout the sanding surface. Consequently, the formation of streaks or similar structures on the workpiece can be avoided.

Furthermore, the openings 10 are elongated in the longitudinal direction M1, which is beneficial for the general resistance of the textile fabric to elongation in the longitudinal direction M1.

The splicing direction should alternate for each needle. The tie runs in the same direction with every second stitch in this configuration, and a satin square eye tie with more than two rows (like (for example) three, four, or more rows) can also be used (atlas filet binding), but these structures tend to cause streaks on the workpiece.

As mentioned, another example for a preferred weave pattern is a relief stitch as shown in FIG. 6 . Thereby, the relief stitching can form a mesh structure with quadrilateral openings 10 similar to those in the double row satin structure previously mentioned (see Figure 6).

Such a structure would follow, for example, a lap pattern of type 1-0/2-3// (FIG. 6). Again, this pattern will result in a structure having a low enrichment of one of the yarns in the interconnection point, such as the satin knots described previously.

A structure with a low enrichment of fabric yarns 20 as shown in Figures 4-6 will thus allow the fabric yarns 20 to be at a similar height level as possible on the front and back sides of the textile fabric 2, which is Many applications of friction belts are preferred. In this case, the front side of the textile fabric 2 will carry the friction material 50 and the back side of the textile fabric 2 will withstand and distribute the pressure from the backing device as uniformly as possible.

Also for relief sutures, the openings 10 are highly symmetrical and the friction area between adjacent openings is highly uniform throughout the friction strip 1 . Furthermore, the adjacent openings 10 are offset relative to each other in the longitudinal direction M1 of the belt 1 . This will ensure a sanded result that does not cause streaks on the sanded article.

Although two preferred weave patterns have been described with satin knots and raised stitching, it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to these configurations. Other weave patterns may also be suitable to achieve on-machine Desirable properties in terms of mechanical stability, penetration of the belt against dust and other particles, and a uniform sanding result. An additional example is shown in Figure 7, where a warp knitted structure of type 10/12/10/12/23/34/45/43/45/43/32/21// is shown. Correspondingly, a more closed product with less dust extraction capacity but one of very high mechanical strength in the longitudinal direction is produced. However, the sanding results may be less uniform than the aforementioned structures.

In principle suitable textile fabrics are defined in ISO 8388 and include weft knitted jersey, weft double jersey, weft rib, weft reverse knit, warp jersey, warp double Plain knitted fabrics, warp knitted ribbed fabrics, warp knitted reverse knitted fabrics, combined warp and weft knitted jersey fabrics and others.

It is also envisaged to transfer the pattern and shape of the openings to other base materials like woven textile fabrics or even paper backings and films. In addition, structures with various threads can also be fabricated to achieve different opening sizes and surface area ratios between openings and friction areas.

In order to further promote the mechanical stability, and in particular the resistance of the textile fabric 2 to an elongation in the longitudinal direction when tensioned, a reinforcing inlay or substantial reinforcement is preferably integrated into the belt 1 . Preferably, these inlays consist of reinforcing yarns 25 threaded into the structure of the belt 1 .

Preferably, a cylindrical suture or an inlay can be integrated as reinforcement in the longitudinal direction. FIG. 8 shows one example of a possible braided structure reinforced by reinforcing yarn 25. FIG. Thereby, the reinforcing yarn 25 is shown in dark color. By way of example, the reinforcing yarn 25 shown in Figure 8 is threaded into a double row satin stitch. The resulting structure possesses predominantly quadrangular openings with minimal yarn enrichment in the junctions. The use of a cylindrical stitch for longitudinal reinforcement of the textile fabric results in an additional enrichment of one of the yarns in this particular structure.

A preferred integration of an inlay of reinforcing yarns 25 into a satin structure consists of the use of an open or closed cylindrical stitch running in two columns as shown in FIG. 8 . In such a configuration, reinforced cylindrical sutures of type 1-0/0-1// or 0-1/1-0// will protrude in the general direction of the satin junction and will therefore not cause A portion of the opening is covered. In other words, the reinforcing yarns generally follow the interconnecting fabric yarn bundles. This reinforcement is also penetrated by sutures as follows In the base joint: it is mechanically joined to the base textile fabric by means of stitches and thus allows only a certain, limited stretchability (Fig. 8).

In short, the above-mentioned satin structure can also be reinforced in various ways in order to reduce its elongation along the weaving direction of the woven fabric 2 . A further example is shown in FIG. 9 in which the satin bond of FIG. 4 is enhanced by a mosaic bond of 0-0/1-1//. In addition, in a satin structure with a double-row mesh structure, the addition of open or closed stitches 0-0/0-0// of the inlay is also suitable to reduce the elongation along the weave direction of the textile fabric . However, this type of reinforcement may result in partial coverage of openings in the textile. Another type of reinforcement incorporates an inlay of type 1-1/0-0 that will more closely follow the structure of the satin tie.

Also for relief joints, a cylindrical stitch can be integrated in order to improve the mechanical properties of the material. An example is shown in FIG. 10 where a cylindrical suture of type 1-0/0-1// or 0-1/1-0// is applied.

An alternative to using a cylindrical suture is to use an inlay yarn that protrudes through the material in the longitudinal direction and results in a reinforcement similar to the previously described cylindrical suture reinforcement.

Notably, the insertion of yarns as an inlay, a warp, or as a braided cylindrical stitch resulted in extremely low values of mechanical displacement when longitudinal force was applied. However, structures as described tend to stretch in the transverse direction. This situation can be used to control the size and shape of the openings 10 in the woven fabric 2 by stretching the woven fabric 2 during the dip process and allow the formation of larger or smaller openings 10 in the material.

The inlaid woven structure, inlay yarns or reinforcement yarns 25 need to be thin enough to avoid the creation of height differences in the surface of the final woven fabric, and at the same time strong enough to withstand tension.

Preferably, the reinforcing yarns 25 have a maximum thickness of about 0.05 to 2.00 mm. More preferably, the thickness is in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 mm. With respect to the thickness of the fabric yarns 20 of the base textile fabric 2, a thickness ratio of the base fabric yarns to the reinforcing yarns of about 1:1 to 20:1 is applicable, wherein one of the 10:1 to 2:1 ranges is in the range of Better in most cases. The reinforcing yarn 25 has this With one thickness, it is ensured that the uniform height distribution of the textile fabric 2 is not affected too much by the integration of the reinforcing yarns 25 .

In this context, it should be noted that small height differences can be rebalanced in a later processing step. This may include, for example, during coating of abrasive articles, printing techniques may be applicable (such as screen printing, ink jet, gravure, and the like) to apply a coating in one of the following ways: The abrasive article 50 is enabled to spread in such a way that it occupies only one of a defined area of the textile fabric. Additionally, the coated surface can be processed by a rubbing or sanding procedure to obtain a uniform surface finish. In this way, an inequity in the sanded area balance of the dipped textile fabric structure can be compensated for during the coating process.

The same applies to an amphoteric second coating (not shown) applied on the backside of the tape. Accordingly, the second coating can be used to level the "back side" of the belt (ie, the side that is not in contact with the workpiece).

The fabric yarns 20 and reinforcement yarns 25 of the base textile fabric 2 used for the friction belt 1 are generally texturized or flat yarns of polyester or polyamide due to their suitable stretch properties and low cost. However, yarns based on natural fibers such as cotton, hemp or similar fibers may also be suitable. More generally, this includes the use of so-called staple or multifilament yarns based on synthetic or natural fibers that can be used for the base structure or reinforcement of textile fabrics. Twisted yarns of single or plied yarns may also be used as desired. Elastomeric yarns may be suitable for specific applications when the textile fabric should be stretched in a specific manner (eg, when the shape of the opening is desired to change to a specific shape).

The term "crimped textured yarn" (commonly referred to as DTY (Draw Texturized Yarn)) is a multifilament yarn that has been coiled, crimped or looped by thermal or mechanical means or a combination thereof. The yarn is processed in one way. There are various texturing methods that can be applied, such as air texturing, knife edge texturing, false twist friction texturing, stuffer box texturing, or gear crimping the yarn.

The term "flat yarn" is generally referred to by the abbreviation FDY, which is a so-called fully drawn yarn. This FDY can be based on various combinations of monofilament or multifilament. Such yarns are It can also be bright, semi-matt or fully matt, which are the most common types. However, various shapes of yarns, filaments and cross-sections thereof are also available, which may for example be circular, trilobal, polygonal type or have any other type of shape.

Yarns of any type, such as texturized or flat yarns, may also be twisted in addition to the type of texturing, or shape and appearance. "Twisting" refers to turning the yarn into two different directions, commonly referred to as the "S" and "Z" directions. The directions of these twists refer only to the direction in which the yarns are twisted; such that the "S" and "Z" twisted yarns resemble mirror images of each other. This twisting of the yarn has hardly any technical relevance to warp knitting in most cases, but results in different optical effects in the final textile fabric.

The fabric yarns 20 and the reinforcing yarns 25 for the base textile fabric 2 may be monofilament or multifilament yarns.

The term "monofilament yarn" refers to a man-made, continuous spun yarn constructed from a monofilament of one material. A yarn of a certain thickness such as (for example) 20 dtex is not separated into other substructures, but consists of a single filament. Thus, a multifilament yarn consists of several substructures (filaments) in contrast to a monofilament yarn. Accordingly, yarns can be distinguished by the number of filaments that make up the yarns. As an example, a 20 dtex multifilament yarn may consist of, for example, two or more filaments.

A "plied yarn" typically consists of multifilament yarns, which can be twisted or untwisted, texturized or non-textured, and mixed or unmixed. Usually, however, twisted yarns are not mixed. These previously described single yarns can then be joined together hereinafter to form a new, thicker yarn called a ply. Thus, such a plied yarn consists of at least two or more single yarns that have been plied together.

The term "natural fiber" refers to a fiber having an origin from one of the regenerative sources. These refer to fibre-forming materials such as cotton, hemp, wool, silk or similar materials obtained directly from plants or animals.

The term "man-made fibers" refers to all fibers other than natural fibers. Available from stone Synthetic production of man-made fibers from chemical products, bio-based polymers or organic feedstocks. Regenerated fibers are a subgroup of man-made fibers. These fibers are made from natural materials (like plants) by undergoing chemical and mechanical processes. Fibers of these types are, for example, viscose, bamboo and modal type yarns made from cellulose. Synthetic fibers can be made from petrochemicals such as polyester, vinyl acetate, nylon, aramid, and carbon. This category also includes chemically modified fiber-forming materials and fibers made from bio-based building blocks of polymers such as, for example, lactic acid, amino acids, or propylene oxide-based materials.

Another important property of a friction belt 1 may be the electrical conductivity of the final friction product, which may contain the incorporation of carbon fibers or yarns of similar materials that provide electrical conductivity properties. Examples of such modified yarns are metal-coated yarns or yarns with a conductive core or other treatments.

This does not exclude that the base textile fabric 2 may even consist solely of carbon or other conductive yarns. In order to achieve a highly conductive material, this naturally also applies to resins used in the impregnation of textile fabrics. The resin may also contain conductive elements such as carbon, metals, metal ions, and the like, in order to achieve the conductive properties of the textile base and resin-impregnated composite.

Examples of other possible yarns for textile based tapes include fibers of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), polypropylene (PP) and aramid yarns. These can be used in the base structure of textile fabrics or alone in reinforcement of materials.

The thickness of the flat or texturized yarn can vary from 5 dtex to 4000 dtex depending on the desired stretch and elongation values of the textile fabric such as the backing material, as well as the desired size of the abrasive particles or the end use of the final product. The unit "dtex" is by definition the weight of the yarn in grams per 10,000m. A typical thickness is between 150 and 900 dtex for one of the satin base yarns and between 15 and 450 dtex for one of the reinforcing yarns.

This can result in a small but still undesired elongation when a woven structure is exposed to forces in the longitudinal direction, even if reinforced by reinforcing yarns. This can be avoided if the textile fabric 2 has been exposed to longitudinal stretching prior to the application of the abrasive when the material is filled with a resin or coated with a coating or a second coating. Due to this stretching of the textile fabric during dipping, the machine is set under tension Mechanically displaceable part. As a result, the yarn is still under strain when the dip 30/coating 40 is cured and the textile fabric 2 can better withstand longitudinal forces and furthermore reduce stretching.

Furthermore, the stretchability of the textile fabric 2 in a transverse direction can be controlled after the final curing of the dip 30. Accordingly, a wider stretch of the textile fabric 2 will result in the formation of larger openings 10, but will also reduce the lateral elongation of the dipping material after curing is complete. This wider stretching during dip molding prevents overstretching of the final textile fabric 2 in the transverse direction when the material is used as a friction belt, since transverse forces can also occur during its use (although forces in the transverse direction Usually has a significantly lower magnitude than the force occurring in the longitudinal direction).

Different types of dips 30 and coatings 40 can be applied to the textile fabric 2 . The same applies to the second coating on the back side of the belt. The type of resin used for dipping and coating may consist of phenolic, urea or latex as described in EP 0 779 851 and blends thereof. The tape can be coated by the following methods: using roll coating, spray coating, curtain coating; printing methods such as screen printing or gravure rolls, transfer foils or resulting in what is known as make-and-dimension coating. A similar method for the coating of size-coat). Further still, radiation curable dip resins such as epoxies, acrylates or similar resins can also be applied. Furthermore, thermally curable epoxy resins, acrylates, isocyanides or similar resins and mixtures thereof can be used for mechanical stabilization of textile fabrics. These resins may contain fillers and additives, such as surface actives (like fatty acid ethoxylates), fillers or various types (such as fibers, aluminum hydroxide, kaolin, calcium carbonate, talc, and the like).

The textile fabric 2 of the belt 1 can additionally be subjected to any type of surface modification from the technical front side or back side of textiles like also described in EP 0 779 851.

Abrasive area 60 may be spread or coated with abrasive article 50 (such as various types of silicon carbide, alumina, or mixtures thereof (such as brown, pink, white, or high temperature treated species)) in the same or separate process. Accordingly, high performance abrasives, such as coated with ceramic or similar particles and diamond, CBN or other particles commonly referred to as superabrasives, may also be coated.

Figures 11A, 11B and 11C show SEMs of a cut through a section of the dipped fabric image. The cuts extend perpendicular to the previously defined longitudinal direction of the fabric and at the same time perpendicular to the front and back sides.

In the original SEM images (FIGS. 11A and 11B), the fabric yarns can be easily distinguished from the surrounding dip resin. Figure 11B shows a cross-section that is embedded in a "mold resin" (which has nothing to do with the actual product and is only used for imaging purposes) before severing in order to achieve a plane cut and possibly by photographic analysis to determine the difference between the fabric yarn and the The area ratio between the surrounding dipping resins. The surrounding area of the mold resin is thus considered and reduced from the total cross-sectional area.

To calculate the volume fraction ratio of yarn to impregnating resin, the same analysis was performed on several repeated cuts (>5) in the longitudinal direction in order to obtain a statistically relevant result.

Fibers are identified manually or with the aid of an image recognition algorithm and the associated number of pixels is extracted (FIG. 11C). An image of the number of pixels used to extract the yarn area is shown in Figure 11C. A similarly colored or color-reversed picture was used to determine the area of the pixel covered by the dipping resin. The number of pixels from the yarn surface is thus related to the total number of pixels of the cut surface of the product or the number of pixels of the impregnating resin.

This can be taken as a volume ratio between yarn and impregnating resin by calculating the average area fraction of fabric yarn relative to the average fraction of impregnating resin for a statistically sufficient number of cuts. In the example shown in Figures 11A-11C, the volume fraction of the fabric yarn to the impregnating resin totals about 1.7, and correspondingly the volume fraction of the fabric yarn to the total volume of the product (excluding openings) is about 0.6.

The weight fraction ratio of fabric to dipped fabric can also be determined by correlating the weight of the fabric to the weight of the dipped fabric after curing. This ratio is between 0.05 and 0.9, while it is preferably between 0.1 and 0.7 and even more preferably between 0.2 and 0.4. A friction belt with sufficient mechanical properties can be formed within these ratios.

At the same time, the specific amount of resin ensures that irregularities originating from the textile fabric backing (in terms of enrichment points of the fabric yarns) can be balanced.

Although a sample in which only the dip resin is present has been investigated in the above examples, the above The analysis described can also be applied to (additionally) coated products. In this case, the value is the corresponding volume/weight ratio of fabric yarn to resin, where the resin fraction is thus formed by the dip resin plus the coating or only the coating.

Even more generally, if additional components are present, the above analysis will result in a volume/weight ratio of fabric yarn to overall product (excluding openings) and/or to applied coating and combinations thereof.

Requirements for friction belts. The embodiments described above allow for a uniform distribution of particles as well as for a proper dust removal and sufficient tensile properties. Furthermore, the open structure is very useful in certain types of belt sanding machines where the transparency of the belt gives the machine operator a significantly better possibility to control the sanding procedure, like for example in the case of stroke sanders.

1‧‧‧friction belt

2‧‧‧Textiles

10‧‧‧Opening

20‧‧‧Fabric Yarn

21‧‧‧ strands or bundles

30‧‧‧Dipping

40‧‧‧Coating

50‧‧‧Abrasive Materials/Abrasives

60‧‧‧Friction area

Claims (24)

A friction abrasive product comprising: a textile fabric formed from interconnected fabric yarns, and a continuous friction area, which is a continuous single, interconnected friction area from which a workpiece can be sanded or rubbed, wherein the continuous abrasive area is formed on one side of the textile fabric, wherein the abrasive abrasive product further includes a plurality of regularly distributed openings in the form of perforations to allow sanding dust and other particles to penetrate the abrasive abrasive product. The friction abrasive product of claim 1, wherein the friction product is a friction belt. The friction abrasive product of claim 2, wherein the openings are arranged on a line perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the friction belt, the openings are regularly spaced along the line direction, and the lines are offset from each other with respect to the positions of the openings shift. The friction abrasive product of claim 3, wherein the subsequent lines are offset from each other with respect to the location of their openings. As in the abrasive abrasive product of claim 1, the ratio of the volume of the fabric yarns to the volume of the overall product, which does not contain the openings, is 0.1 to 0.9. The abrasive abrasive product of claim 1, wherein the continuous abrasive area on one side of the woven fabric comprises a coating applied to one side of the woven fabric. The friction abrasive product of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the fabric yarns is 5 to 4000 dtex. The abrasive abrasive product of claim 1, wherein the fabric yarns are knitted, sewn or woven. The abrasive abrasive product of claim 1, wherein the openings have the form of an equilateral quadrilateral or have a hexagonal shape. The abrasive abrasive product of claim 3, wherein the openings have a long dimension and a short dimension, the long dimension extending in the longitudinal direction of the abrasive belt. The friction abrasive product of claim 1, wherein the maximum diameter of the openings is 0.3 mm to 20 mm. 3. The abrasive abrasive product of claim 3, wherein the interconnected fabric yarns are arranged in bundles of a plurality of interconnected fabric yarns separated adjacent openings and arranged such that they intersect the longitudinal direction extending in one direction. The friction abrasive product of claim 1, wherein the number of fabric yarns that cross at the interconnection points of the interconnecting fabric yarns is constant throughout the friction band. The abrasive abrasive product of claim 1, wherein the woven fabric has a satin or embossed texture. The abrasive abrasive product of claim 1, further comprising reinforcing yarns threaded into the textile fabric. The abrasive abrasive product of claim 15, wherein the reinforcing yarns are threaded into the textile fabric in the form of a cylindrical stitch. The abrasive abrasive product of claim 15 or 16, wherein a thickness of the reinforcing yarns is 1 to 1/20 times the thickness of the fabric yarns. The abrasive abrasive product of claim 15, wherein the interconnected fabric yarns are arranged in bundles of a plurality of interconnected fabric yarns; and the reinforcement yarns are threaded into the bundles. 19. The abrasive abrasive product of claim 18, wherein the textile fabric is filled with a dip, and the textile fabric is stretched while the dip is applied and/or cured. A friction abrasive product as in claim 1, wherein the surface area of the openings is 0.1 to 10 times the total surface area of the continuous friction area. The friction abrasive product of claim 1, wherein the elongation is less than 1% when a force of 100 N per 50 mm width is applied to a sample length of 200 mm. The friction and abrasive product of claim 1, wherein the friction and abrasive product is an abrasive disc. A friction belt comprising a continuous friction area, which is a continuous single, interconnected friction area from which a workpiece can be sanded or abraded, and the friction belt comprising a plurality of openings in the form of perforations, wherein the openings are arranged on a line perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the friction belt, the openings are regularly spaced along the direction of the lines; the subsequent lines are offset from each other with respect to the position of their openings; wherein the offset between the subsequent lines The openings of each second line are aligned in the longitudinal direction. An abrasive abrasive product comprising: a woven fabric formed from interconnected fabric yarns, a plurality of openings in the form of perforations to allow sanding dust and other particulates to penetrate the abrasive abrasive product, a continuous abrasive area , which is a continuous single, interconnected friction area from which a workpiece can be sanded or rubbed, the continuous friction area on the front side of the textile fabric, and a coating on the back side of the textile fabric, wherein the coating is flattened on the backside.

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