WO2014036770A1 - 一种微机械芯片测试探卡及其制作方法 - Google Patents
一种微机械芯片测试探卡及其制作方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014036770A1 WO2014036770A1 PCT/CN2012/082420 CN2012082420W WO2014036770A1 WO 2014036770 A1 WO2014036770 A1 WO 2014036770A1 CN 2012082420 W CN2012082420 W CN 2012082420W WO 2014036770 A1 WO2014036770 A1 WO 2014036770A1
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- test probe
- chip test
- oxide layer
- cantilever beam
- fabricating
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/02—General constructional details
- G01R1/06—Measuring leads; Measuring probes
- G01R1/067—Measuring probes
- G01R1/06711—Probe needles; Cantilever beams; "Bump" contacts; Replaceable probe pins
- G01R1/06716—Elastic
- G01R1/06727—Cantilever beams
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R3/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of measuring instruments, e.g. of probe tips
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the field of micromachining, and in particular relates to a micromechanical chip test probe card and a manufacturing method thereof. Background technique
- the integrated circuit wafer level test probe card is mainly used for the mid-test and the good chip test (KGD) of the integrated circuit chip before the chip package.
- the test of the integrated circuit chip is realized by an automatic test equipment (Automatic Test Equipment).
- the automatic tester includes a test bench, a probe card, a test data analyzer, and an interface device between the analyzer and the probe card, wherein the probe card is a core component thereof.
- Traditional probe cards include epoxy type, blade type, vertical type, array type, and micro spring type. Most of them are manufactured by manual assembly. As the line width of integrated circuits continues to shrink and the size and density of the pads continue to increase, manually assembled probe cards are increasingly unable to meet the needs of the application. In recent years, vertical probe cards, thin film probe cards, and the like have been found for high-density integrated circuit testing.
- MEMS-based probe cards include via-interconnected cantilever beam probes, sintered contact probe cards, and silicon glass bonded cantilever beam probe cards.
- Patent No. 200710038538.1 (Micro-mechanical wafer-level chip test probe card and manufacturing method) proposes a silicon cantilever beam probe, which adopts a bulk micro-mechanical process to fabricate a silicon cantilever beam as a probe structure at the top of the silicon cantilever beam. Through holes are made, and through-hole interconnections and metal tip are made by through-hole plating.
- the main problem of this structure is that the processing technology is complicated: 1 It is necessary to fabricate the cantilever beam structure from the front and back of the silicon wafer by lithography and etching; 2 It is necessary to photolithographically make the metal lead at the bottom of the deep cavity, which is difficult to lithography and has low precision; Through-hole plating to make metal interconnections and needle tips, the height of the tip is difficult to ensure, the metal and the sidewalls of the holes are only mechanical contact, and the strength is low.
- the cantilever structure has been Release, special nozzles or clamps need to be customized, and the released structure is low in strength, easy to deform, and it is difficult to ensure the coplanarity of the solder balls, thus affecting the welding quality.
- Patent application No. 200710173680.7 proposes a metal probe card, which adopts a process of flip-chip welding and re-release of the probe card structure to ensure the solder ball Coplanarity.
- the problem of the invention is that each probe in the probe card is independent, and the solder ball of the root is connected to the ceramic substrate, and failure of any one of the solder balls due to insufficient mechanical strength causes the entire probe card to fail. Summary of the invention
- an object of the present invention is to provide a micromechanical chip test probe card and a system thereof
- the method is used to solve the problems in the prior art that the manufacturing process is complicated, the lithography is difficult, the structural strength is low, and the device is easily broken.
- the present invention provides a method for fabricating a micromechanical chip test probe card, the method of fabricating at least the following steps:
- the cantilever beam pattern has a plurality of cantilever beams, and each of the cantilever beams is arranged according to a distribution of pin positions of the chips to be tested.
- step 3 of the method for fabricating the micromechanical chip test probe card of the present invention a mask is first formed using a photoresist, and the top silicon is etched by reactive ion etching, and then the same mask is used to use the reactive ions. An etching method is performed to etch the buried oxide layer to form a blind via.
- the first oxide layer and the second oxide layer are formed by a thermal oxidation method.
- the second oxide layer at the bottom of the blind via is removed by reactive ion etching.
- the predetermined depth in step 5) is 10 to 30 micrometers.
- the step 6) comprises the following steps: 6-1) preparing a seed layer on the inner surface of the blind via by sputtering; 6-2) by electroplating Make metal probes.
- the seed layer is a TiW/Cu laminate or a Cr/Cu laminate
- the metal probe is a copper probe.
- the step 10) includes the following steps: 10-1) etching a third oxide layer on the fixed end to form a lead window; 10-2) A metal layer under the bump is formed on the surface of the lead window; 10-3) a solder ball is formed on the surface of the underlying metal layer of the bump.
- the TiW/Cu seed layer is sputtered prior to the surface of the lead window, and then the Cu layer is thickened by electroplating to form the under bump metal layer.
- the solder balls are fabricated by electroplating or laser ball implantation.
- the substrate silicon is removed by the isotropic dry etching, the XeF 2 etching, or the deep reactive ion etching from the back side in the step 12).
- the step 12) further comprises the step of removing the third oxide layer between the cantilever beams by reactive ion etching.
- the invention also provides a micro-mechanical chip test probe card manufactured by the method for manufacturing a micro-mechanical chip test probe according to any of the above.
- the micromechanical chip test probe card of the present invention and the manufacturing method thereof define a cantilever beam pattern in an SOI substrate, and a blind hole for insulating the inner wall at a hanging end of the cantilever beam, and a probe is formed in the blind hole.
- the metal lead is fabricated on the surface of the cantilever beam, the ball is formed on the fixed end of the cantilever beam, the SOI is etched on the front surface to form a cantilever beam structure, the ball is flipped on the ceramic substrate, and the substrate silicon is etched from the bottom surface to release the cantilever beam to complete the preparation.
- the invention does not require double-sided micromachining, and does not need to perform photolithography in a deep cavity, all lithography is performed in the same plane, except for the last step of structural release, all processes are from the upper surface.
- the process is simple, the lithography precision is high; the probe structure is released after the flip-chip welding is completed, so that the flip chip welding of the probe card unit can be performed by a conventional flip-chip welder and a jig, and the probe is not released during the flip-chip welding.
- the card unit has high structural strength and is not easily deformed, which can ensure the coplanarity of the solder ball; the top silicon is insulated from the probe tip and does not participate in conduction, so all the silicon probes and the bezel can be connected together, and all the flip-chip solder balls are common.
- the mechanical connection between the silicon probe card and the ceramic substrate is realized, and the corresponding probe failure due to the low mechanical strength of the individual solder balls is avoided; the probe tip and the TSV are fabricated by the blind hole TSV process, and the metal structure and the hole wall of the blind hole plating are formed. It has a chemical bond connection and is mechanically stronger than through-hole plating.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the micro-mechanical chip test probe of the present invention.
- 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the method 2) of the micromechanical chip test probe card of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view showing the steps 3) of the micro-mechanical chip test probe card of the present invention.
- 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the method 4) of the micromechanical chip test probe of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view showing the steps 5) of the micro-mechanical chip test probe card of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 to FIG. 7 are schematic structural diagrams showing the steps 6) of the micro-mechanical chip test probe card of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of the step 7) of the micro-mechanical chip test probe card of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a structural schematic view showing the steps 8) of the micro-mechanical chip test probe card of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a structural schematic view showing the steps 9) of the method for fabricating a micromechanical chip test probe of the present invention.
- Figures 11 to 13 show the structural schematics presented in the step 10) of the method for fabricating a micromechanical chip test probe of the present invention.
- Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the structure of the micro-mechanical chip test probe of the present invention.
- Figure 15 is a schematic view showing the structure of the step 12) of the method for fabricating a micromechanical chip test probe card of the present invention.
- Fig. 16 is a view showing the structure of a micromechanical chip test probe manufactured by the method for fabricating a micromechanical chip test probe according to the present invention.
- the embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a micromechanical chip test probe card, and the manufacturing method includes at least the following steps:
- step 1) is first performed to provide an SOI substrate, and a first oxide layer 104 is formed on the surface of the top silicon 103 of the SOI substrate.
- the first oxide layer 104 (Si0 2 layer) is formed by a thermal oxidation method, and its thickness is relatively thick.
- the first oxide layer 104 may be formed by a method such as chemical vapor deposition.
- step 2) is then performed to define a cantilever beam pattern 20 having at least one cantilever beam in the SOI substrate, and the cantilever beam has a floating end 201 and a fixed end 202.
- the cantilever beam pattern 20 has a plurality of cantilever beams, and each of the cantilever beams is arranged according to a distribution of pin positions of the chips to be tested.
- the cantilever beam pattern 20 has at least two pairs of cantilever beams arranged in parallel, and two cantilever beams of each pair of cantilever beams are arranged on the same straight line, and the cantilever beam pattern 20 further includes a surrounding
- Each of the cantilever beams has a rectangular frame, and the fixed ends 202 of the cantilever beams are connected to opposite sides of the rectangular frame.
- the cantilever beam pattern 20 can be arbitrarily altered to correspond to the distribution of pin locations of the chip under test.
- step 3 is followed by etching the SOI substrate on the floating end 201 of the cantilever to form a blind via 105 penetrating the top silicon 103 and the buried oxide layer 102.
- a mask is first formed using a photoresist, and the top silicon 103 is etched by reactive ion etching, and then the buried oxide layer 102 is etched by reactive ion etching using the same mask.
- the blind hole 105 in this embodiment is a circular hole.
- the manufacturing method of the blind hole 105 can be arbitrarily changed, and the shape of the blind hole 105 can also be changed according to requirements.
- step 4 is performed to form a second oxide layer 113 having a thickness smaller than that of the first oxide layer 104 on the inner surface of the blind via 105, and removing the second oxide layer 113 at the bottom of the blind via 105.
- the second oxide layer 113 Si0 2 layer
- the second oxide layer 113 is formed by thermal oxidation, and the thickness of the second oxide layer 113 is much smaller than the thickness of the first oxide layer 104.
- the second oxide layer 113 can also be prepared by other means as expected. Then, the second oxide layer 113 at the bottom of the blind via 105 is removed by reactive ion etching.
- the second oxide layer on the inner wall of the blind via 105 is etched.
- the 113 etching is slower than the bottom, so that the second oxide layer 113 at the bottom can be removed and the inner wall can be retained.
- the thickness of the first oxide layer 104 is greater than the thickness of the second oxide layer 113, after the second oxide layer 113 at the bottom of the blind via 105 is removed, the first oxide layer 104 still has a certain thickness.
- other anisotropic etching may be used to remove the second oxide layer 113 at the bottom of the blind via 105.
- step 5 is followed to etch the bottom of the blind via 105 to extend to a predetermined depth in the substrate silicon 101 of the SOI substrate.
- the bottom of the blind via 105 is etched by reactive ion etching or other anisotropic etching to extend toward the substrate silicon 101.
- the predetermined depth is 10 ⁇ 30. Micron, in a specific implementation, the predetermined depth is 15 microns.
- step 6 is followed to form a probe 107 in the blind hole 105;
- this step includes the following sub-steps:
- Step 6-1 as shown in FIG. 6, a seed layer 106 is formed on the inner surface of the blind via 105 by sputtering; the seed layer 106 is a TiW/Cu stack or a Cr/Cu stack, in this embodiment. In the example, the seed layer 106 is a TiW/Cu stack.
- Step 6-2 the metal probe 107 is formed by electroplating; since the surface of the blind hole after plating may have a plating protrusion, which affects the performance of the subsequent process or the test card, after this step This surface needs to be polished.
- polishing is performed by mechanical chemical polishing CMP.
- the metal probe 107 is a copper probe. Since the probe 107 is insulated from the top layer silicon 103, the probe 107 can be bonded to the second insulating layer, greatly increasing its mechanical strength and reducing the probability of failure of the probe 107.
- step 7) is followed to form a metal lead 108 connecting the probe 107 and the fixed end 202 on the surface of the cantilever structure; in the embodiment, the material of the metal lead 108 is copper.
- step 8 is then performed to etch the SOI substrate to the substrate silicon 101 in accordance with the cantilever pattern 20 to form a cantilever structure.
- etching is performed to remove the top silicon 103 and the buried oxide layer 102 outside the cantilever beam and the frame to form The cantilever beam structure.
- step 9 is followed to form a third oxide layer 109 on the surface of the above structure; in the embodiment, the third oxide layer 109 is formed by chemical vapor deposition, the third oxide layer 109 is a Si0 2 layer.
- step 10 is followed to implant a ball on the metal lead 108 of the fixed end 202.
- the step includes the following sub-steps:
- Step 10-1) etching the third oxide layer 109 on the fixed end 202 to form a lead window as shown in FIG.
- Step 10-2) As shown in FIG. 12, a bump under metal layer 111 is formed on the surface of the lead window 110; specifically, a TiW/Cu seed layer is sputtered on the surface of the lead window 110, and then electroplated A thick Cu layer is formed to form the under bump metal layer 111.
- Step 10-3) As shown in FIG. 13, a solder ball 112 is formed on the surface of the under bump metal layer 111; specifically, the solder ball 112 is formed by an electroplating method or a laser ball implantation process.
- the electroplating method is to plate the tin-silver solder on the surface of the under-clad metal layer 111, and then form a solder ball 112 by a reflow process; the laser ball-planting process directly implants the tin-silver solder ball 112 by a laser balling machine.
- a metal surface under the bump is to plate the tin-silver solder on the surface of the under-clad metal layer 111, and then form a solder ball 112 by a reflow process; the laser ball-planting process directly implants the tin-silver solder ball 112 by a laser balling machine.
- the step further includes the sub-step of the two sides of the rectangular frame parallel to the pair of cantilever beams and the sub-steps of the two sides of the two sides. This step can greatly enhance the exploration after flipping to the ceramic substrate. The mechanical strength of the card.
- step 11) is further performed, and the ball is flip-chip fixed to a substrate 114.
- the wafer is cut to form a plurality of test probe card units, and then the solder balls 112 of the test probe card unit are flip-chip mounted to a substrate 114.
- the substrate 114 is a ceramic substrate 114.
- step 12 is performed to remove the substrate silicon 101 of the SOI substrate, releasing the cantilever beam and the probe 107.
- the substrate silicon 101 is removed by isotropic dry etching, XeF 2 etching, or deep reactive ion etching from the back side.
- the deep silicon ion 101 is used to remove the substrate silicon 101, and then the substrate silicon 101 is removed.
- the third oxide layer 109 between the cantilever beams is removed by reactive ion etching to release the cantilever beams and the probes 107 to complete the fabrication of the micromachined chip test probe.
- the embodiment further provides a micromechanical chip test probe card manufactured according to the method for fabricating a micromechanical chip test probe described above.
- the present invention provides a micromechanical chip test probe card and a manufacturing method thereof, and defines a cantilever beam pattern in an SOI substrate, and forms a blind hole with an inner wall insulation at a suspended end of the cantilever beam, and forms a blind hole in the blind hole. Needle, making gold on the surface of the cantilever beam The lead wire is formed on the fixed end of the cantilever beam, the SOI is etched on the front surface to form a cantilever beam structure, the ball is flipped on the ceramic substrate, and the substrate silicon is etched from the bottom surface to release the cantilever beam to complete the preparation.
- the invention does not require double-sided micromachining, and does not need to perform photolithography in a deep cavity, all lithography is performed in the same plane, except for the last step of structural release, all processes are from the upper surface.
- the process is simple, the lithography precision is high; the probe structure is released after the flip-chip welding is completed, so that the flip chip welding of the probe card unit can be performed by a conventional flip-chip welder and a jig, and the probe is not released during the flip-chip welding.
- the card unit has high structural strength and is not easily deformed, which can ensure the coplanarity of the solder ball; the top silicon is insulated from the probe tip and does not participate in conduction, so all the silicon probes and the bezel can be connected together, and all the flip-chip solder balls are common.
- the mechanical connection between the silicon probe card and the ceramic substrate is realized, and the corresponding probe failure due to the low mechanical strength of the individual solder balls is avoided; the probe tip and the TSV are fabricated by the blind hole TSV process, and the metal structure and the hole wall of the blind hole plating are formed. It has a chemical bond connection and is mechanically stronger than through-hole plating. Therefore, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
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Abstract
提供一种微机械芯片测试探卡及其制作方法,在SOI衬底中定义悬臂梁图形(20),于悬臂梁的悬空端(201)制作内壁绝缘的盲孔(105),于盲孔(105)内制作探针(107),于悬臂梁表面制作金属引线(108),于悬臂梁的固定端(202)制作焊球(112),正面刻蚀SOI形成悬臂梁结构,将焊球(112)倒装于陶瓷基底(114),从底面刻蚀衬底硅(101)以释放悬梁壁以完成制备。该微机械芯片测试探卡及其制作方法加工精度高、加工工艺简单、制作的测试探卡的机械强度高、各探针可依据待测芯片管脚位置的分布进行排列等优点。该制作工艺与传统的CMOS工艺及微机加工工艺兼容,适用于工业生产。
Description
一种微机械芯片测试探卡及其制作方法 技术领域
本发明属于微机械加工领域, 特别是涉及一种微机械芯片测试探卡及其制作方法。 背景技术
集成电路圆片级测试探卡主要应用于分片封装前对集成电路芯片电学性能进行中测、 确 好芯片测试 (KGD)等。 集成电路芯片的测试是通过自动测试仪 (Automatic Test Equipment)来 实现的。 自动测试仪包括测试台, 探卡, 测试数据分析仪以及分析仪和探卡之间的接口装置 等, 其中探卡是其核心部件。 传统的探卡包括环氧树脂型, 刀片型, 垂直式, 阵列式, 微弹 簧式等多种类型, 它们的制作过程多是采用人工装配的方式。 随着集成电路的线宽不断缩 小、 压焊块尺寸和密度不断增加, 人工装配的探卡已越来越不能满足应用的需求。 近年来出 现了垂直探卡、 薄膜探卡等用于压焊块密度高的集成电路测试。
由于 MEMS 技术擅长于制造微型结构, 所以非常适用于制造小尺寸, 阵列化的探卡。 基于 MEMS 技术的探卡包括过孔互连式悬臂梁探卡, 烧结接触式探卡以及硅玻璃键合悬臂 梁探卡等。
申请号为 200710038538.1 (微机械圆片级芯片测试探卡及制作方法) 的专利中提出了一 种硅悬臂梁探针, 采用体微机械工艺制作硅悬臂梁作为探针结构, 在硅悬臂梁顶端制作通 孔, 采用通孔电镀制作通孔互连和金属针尖。 该结构的主要问题在于加工工艺复杂: ①需要 从硅片正反两面光刻和腐蚀来制作悬臂梁结构; ②需要在深腔底部光刻制作金属引线, 光刻 难度高、 精度低; ③采用通孔电镀制作金属互连和针尖, 针尖高度的均勾性难以保证, 金属 与孔侧壁间仅为机械接触、 强度低; ④将探卡单元倒装焊到陶瓷基板时, 悬臂梁结构已释 放, 需要定制专用吸头或夹具, 并且已释放的结构强度低、 易变形、 难以保证焊球的共面 性, 从而影响焊接质量。
申请号为 200710173680.7(基于电镀工艺的微机械测试探卡及制作方法)的专利中提出了 一种金属探卡, 该发明采用先倒装焊、 再释放探卡结构的工艺, 可以保证焊球的共面性。 但 是该发明的问题在于: 探卡中每个探针都是独立的, 通过根部的焊球与陶瓷基板连接, 任何 一个焊球由于机械强度不足而失效均会造成整个探卡的失效。 发明内容
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点, 本发明的目的在于提供一种微机械芯片测试探卡及其制
作方法, 用于解决现有技术中制作工艺复杂、 光刻难度高、 结构强度低而容易导致器件失效 等问题。
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的, 本发明提供一种微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法, 所 述制作方法至少包括以下步骤:
1 ) 提供一 SOI衬底, 于该 SOI衬底的顶层硅表面形成第一氧化层;
2) 于所述 SOI 衬底中定义出至少具有一根悬臂梁的悬臂梁图形, 且所述悬臂梁具有悬 空端及固定端;
3 ) 于所述悬臂梁的悬空端刻蚀所述 SOI 衬底形成贯穿第一氧化层、 顶层硅及埋氧层的 盲孔;
4) 于所述该盲孔的内表面形成厚度小于第一氧化层的第二氧化层, 并去除所述盲孔底 部的第二氧化层;
5 ) 刻蚀所述盲孔底部使其延伸至 SOI衬底的衬底硅内一预设深度;
6) 于所述盲孔内制作探针;
7) 于悬臂梁结构表面形成连接探针及固定端的金属引线;
8) 依据所述悬臂梁图形刻蚀所述 SOI衬底至所述衬底硅, 形成悬臂梁结构;
9) 于上述结构的表面形成第三氧化层;
10) 于所述固定端的金属引线上植球;
11 ) 将所述植球倒装固定至一基底上;
12) 刻蚀以去除所述 SOI衬底的衬底硅, 释放出悬臂梁及探针。
在本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法的步骤 2) 中, 所述悬臂梁图形具有多根悬 臂梁, 且各该悬臂梁依据待测芯片管脚位置的分布进行排列。
在本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法的步骤 3 ) 中, 先使用光刻胶制作掩膜, 采 用反应离子刻蚀法刻蚀穿所述顶层硅, 然后使用同一掩膜采用反应离子刻蚀法刻蚀穿所述埋 氧层以形成盲孔。
在本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法中, 通过热氧化法形成所述第一氧化层及所 述第二氧化层。
在本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法中, 所述步骤 4) 中, 采用反应离子刻蚀法 刻蚀去除所述盲孔底部的第二氧化层。
在本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法中, 步骤 5 ) 中的所述预设深度为 10〜30微 米。
在本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法中, 所述步骤 6) 包括以下步骤: 6-1 ) 通过 溅射法于所述盲孔内表面制作种子层; 6-2) 通过电镀法制作金属探针。
优选地, 所述种子层为 TiW/Cu叠层或 Cr/Cu叠层, 所述金属探针为铜探针。
在本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法中, 所述步骤 10) 包括以下步骤: 10-1 ) 刻 蚀所述固定端上的第三氧化层形成引线窗口; 10-2 ) 于所述引线窗口表面制作凸点下金属 层; 10-3 ) 于所述凸点下金属层表面制作焊球。
优选地, 先于所述引线窗口表面溅射 TiW/Cu种子层, 然后采用电镀法加厚 Cu层以形 成所述凸点下金属层。
优选地, 采用电镀法或激光植球工艺制作所述焊球。
在本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法中, 采用所述步骤 12) 中采用各向同性干 法腐蚀、 XeF2腐蚀或者从背面进行深反应离子刻蚀的方法去除衬底硅。
在本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法中, 所述步骤 12) 还包括采用反应离子刻 蚀法去除各悬臂梁之间的第三氧化层的步骤。
本发明还提供一种依据上述任意一项所述的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法所制作的微 机械芯片测试探卡。
如上所述, 本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡及其制作方法, 在 SOI 衬底中定义悬臂梁图 形, 于悬臂梁的悬空端制作内壁绝缘的盲孔, 于盲孔内制作探针, 于悬臂梁表面制作金属引 线, 于悬臂梁的固定端制作植球, 正面刻蚀 SOI形成悬臂梁结构, 将植球倒装于陶瓷基底, 从底面刻蚀衬底硅以释放悬臂梁以完成制备。 本发明具有以下有益效果: 本发明不需要双面 微机械加工, 不需要在深腔内进行光刻, 所有光刻均在同一平面内进行, 除最后一步结构释 放外, 所有工艺均从上表面进行, 工艺简单、 光刻精度高; 探针结构在完成倒装焊后释放, 因此可以用常规的倒装焊机和夹具进行探卡单元的倒装焊, 且倒装焊时未释放的探卡单元结 构强度大, 不易变形, 可以保证焊球的共面性; 顶层硅与探针针尖绝缘、 不参与导电, 因此 所有硅探针与边框可以连接在一起, 并且所有倒装焊焊球共同实现硅探卡与陶瓷基板的机械 连接, 避免了由于个别焊球机械强度低而造成的对应探针失效; 采用盲孔 TSV 工艺制作探 针针尖和 TSV, 盲孔电镀的金属结构与孔壁间有化学键连接, 机械强度优于通孔电镀。 附图说明
图 1显示为本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法步骤 1 ) 所呈现的结构示意图。 图 2显示为本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法步骤 2) 所呈现的结构示意图。
图 3显示为本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法步骤 3 ) 所呈现的结构示意图。 图 4显示为本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法步骤 4) 所呈现的结构示意图。 图 5显示为本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法步骤 5 ) 所呈现的结构示意图。 图 6〜图 7 显示为本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法步骤 6) 所呈现的结构示意 图。
图 8显示为本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法步骤 7) 所呈现的结构示意图。 图 9显示为本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法步骤 8) 所呈现的结构示意图。 图 10显示为本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法步骤 9) 所呈现的结构示意图。 图 11〜图 13显示为本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法步骤 10) 所呈现的结构示 意图。
图 14显示为本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法步骤 11 ) 所呈现的结构示意图。 图 15显示为本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法步骤 12) 所呈现的结构示意图。 图 16 显示为依据本发明的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法制作的微机械芯片测试探卡 所呈现的结构示意图。 元件标号说明
101 衬底硅
102 埋氧层
103 顶层硅
104 第一氧化层
20 悬臂梁图形
201 悬空端
202 固定端
105 盲孔
113 第二氧化层
106 种子层
107 探针
108 金属引线
109 第三氧化层
110 引线窗口
H I 凸点下金属层
112 焊球
114 基底 具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的实施方式, 本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露 的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。 本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加 以实施或应用, 本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用, 在没有背离本发明的精 神下进行各种修饰或改变。
请参阅 1〜图 16。 需要说明的是, 本实施例中所提供的图示仅以示意方式说明本发明的 基本构想, 遂图式中仅显示与本发明中有关的组件而非按照实际实施时的组件数目、 形状及 尺寸绘制, 其实际实施时各组件的型态、 数量及比例可为一种随意的改变, 且其组件布局型 态也可能更为复杂。
如图 1〜图 15所示, 本实施例提供一种微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法, 所述制作方法 至少包括以下步骤:
如图 1所示, 首先进行步骤 1 ) , 提供一 SOI衬底, 于该 SOI衬底的顶层硅 103表面形 成第一氧化层 104。 在本实施例中, 通过热氧化法形成所述第一氧化层 104 ( Si02层) , 且 其厚度相对较厚。 当然, 在其它的实施例中, 也可以采用化学气相沉积法等方法形成所述第 一氧化层 104。
如图 2所示, 然后进行步骤 2) , 于所述 SOI衬底中定义出至少具有一根悬臂梁的悬臂 梁图形 20, 且所述悬臂梁具有悬空端 201及固定端 202。
所述悬臂梁图形 20 具有多根悬臂梁, 且各该悬臂梁依据待测芯片管脚位置的分布进行 排列。 在本实施例中, 所述悬臂梁图形 20 具有至少两对平行排列的悬臂梁, 且每对悬臂梁 中的两根悬臂梁在同一直线上相对排列, 所述悬臂梁图形 20 还包括一包围各该悬臂梁的矩 形边框, 且各该悬臂梁的固定端 202连接于该矩形边框的相对两边。 当然, 在其它的实施例 中, 所示悬臂梁图形 20可以作任意改变, 使其与待测芯片管脚位置的分布相对应。
如图 3所示, 接着进行步骤 3 ) , 于所述悬臂梁的悬空端 201刻蚀所述 SOI衬底形成贯 穿顶层硅 103及埋氧层 102的盲孔 105。
在本实施例中, 先使用光刻胶制作掩膜, 采用反应离子刻蚀法刻蚀穿所述顶层硅 103, 然后使用同一掩膜采用反应离子刻蚀法刻蚀穿所述埋氧层 102 以形成盲孔 105, 最后去除所
述光刻胶。 本实施例中的盲孔 105为圆孔。 当然, 在其它实施例中, 所述盲孔 105的制作手 段可作任意的改变, 所述盲孔 105的形状也可以根据需求进行改变。
如图 4 所示, 接着进行步骤 4, 于所述该盲孔 105 的内表面形成厚度小于第一氧化层 104 的第二氧化层 113, 并去除所述盲孔 105底部的第二氧化层 113。 在本实施例中, 采用 热氧化法形成所述第二氧化层 113 ( Si02层) , 该第二氧化层 113的厚度远小于所述第一氧 化层 104的厚度。 当然, 也可以采用其他预期的手段制备所述第二氧化层 113。 然后采用反 应离子刻蚀法刻蚀去除所述盲孔 105底部的第二氧化层 113, 由于反应离子刻蚀法的各向异 性性质, 所以刻蚀的时候对盲孔 105内壁的第二氧化层 113刻蚀较底部慢, 因此可以将底部 的第二氧化层 113去除而内壁的保留下来。 而且, 由于所述第一氧化层 104的厚度大于所述 第二氧化层 113的厚度, 所以去除盲孔 105底部的第二氧化层 113后, 所述第一氧化层 104 依然具有一定的厚度。 当然也可以采用其它的各向异性刻蚀法去除所述盲孔 105底部的第二 氧化层 113。
如图 5所示, 接着进行步骤 5 ) , 刻蚀所述盲孔 105底部使其延伸至 SOI衬底的衬底硅 101 内一预设深度。 在本实施例中, 采用反应离子刻蚀法或其它的各向异性刻蚀法刻蚀所述 盲孔 105的底部使其向所述衬底硅 101延伸, 所述预设深度为 10~30微米, 在一具体的实施 过程中, 所述预设深度为 15微米。
如图 6〜图 7所示, 接着进行步骤 6) , 于所述盲孔 105内制作探针 107;
具体地, 本步骤包括以下子步骤:
步骤 6-1 ), 如图 6所示, 通过溅射法于所述盲孔 105内表面制作种子层 106; 所述种子 层 106为 TiW/Cu叠层或 Cr/Cu叠层, 在本实施例中, 所述种子层 106为 TiW/Cu叠层。
步骤 6-2), 如图 7所示, 通过电镀法制作金属探针 107; 由于电镀后的盲孔表面可能会 有镀层凸起而影响后续工艺或测试探卡的性能, 故在此步骤后需要对此表面进行抛光, 本实 施例选用机械化学抛光法 CMP进行抛光。 在本实施例中, 所述金属探针 107为铜探针。 由 于探针 107与所述顶层硅 103绝缘, 因此, 该探针 107可以结合于所述第二绝缘层上, 大大 地增加了其机械强度, 降低了探针 107失效的几率。
如图 8所示, 接着进行步骤 7) , 于悬臂梁结构表面形成连接探针 107及固定端 202的 金属引线 108; 在本实施例中, 所述金属引线 108的材料为铜。
如图 9所示, 然后进行步骤 8) , 依据所述悬臂梁图形 20刻蚀所述 SOI衬底至所述衬底 硅 101, 形成悬臂梁结构。
在本实施例中, 刻蚀以去除各该悬臂梁及边框以外的顶层硅 103 及埋氧层 102, 以形成
所述悬臂梁结构。
如图 10所示, 接着进行步骤 9) , 于上述结构的表面形成第三氧化层 109; 在本实施例 中, 采用化学气相沉积法形成所述第三氧化层 109, 所述第三氧化层 109为 Si02层。
如图 11〜图 13所示, 接着进行步骤 10) , 于所述固定端 202的金属引线 108上植球; 在本实施例中, 本步骤包括以下子步骤:
步骤 10-1 ) 如图 11 所示, 刻蚀所述固定端 202 上的第三氧化层 109 形成引线窗口
110;
步骤 10-2) 如图 12所示, 于所述引线窗口 110表面制作凸点下金属层 111 ; 具体地, 先于所述引线窗口 110表面溅射 TiW/Cu种子层, 然后采用电镀法加厚 Cu层以形成所述凸 点下金属层 111。
步骤 10-3 ) 如图 13所示, 于所述凸点下金属层 111表面制作焊球 112; 具体地, 采用 电镀法或激光植球工艺制作所述焊球 112。 所述电镀法为先于所述凸点下金属层 111 表面电 镀锡银焊料, 然后通过回流工艺形成焊球 112; 所述激光植球工艺是直接通过激光植球机将 锡银焊球 112植于所述凸点下金属表面。
当然, 在本实施例中, 本步骤还包括在所述矩形边框与悬臂梁对平行的两边的端点及两 边的中部植球的子步骤, 此步骤可在倒装至陶瓷基底后大大地增强探卡的机械强度。
如图 14所示, 接着进行步骤 11 ) , 将所述植球倒装固定至一基底 114上; 需要说明的 是, 由于一个晶片可制备出大量的测试探卡单元, 故在此步骤前先对所述晶片进行切割形成 多个测试探卡单元, 然后再将测试探卡单元的各焊球 112倒装固定至一基底 114上, 在本实 施例中, 所述基底 114为陶瓷基底 114。
如图 15所示, 最后进行步骤 12) , 刻蚀以去除所述 SOI衬底的衬底硅 101, 释放出悬 臂梁及探针 107。
采用各向同性干法腐蚀、 XeF2腐蚀或者从背面进行深反应离子刻蚀的方法去除衬底硅 101 , 在本实施例中, 采用深反应离子刻蚀的方法去除衬底硅 101, 然后采用反应离子刻蚀 法去除各悬臂梁之间的第三氧化层 109, 以释放出各该悬臂梁及探针 107, 以完成所述微机 械芯片测试探卡的制作。
如图 15及图 16所示, 本实施例还提供一种依据上述述的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方 法所制作的微机械芯片测试探卡。
综上所述, 本发明提供一种微机械芯片测试探卡及其制作方法, 在 SOI衬底中定义悬臂 梁图形, 于悬臂梁的悬空端制作内壁绝缘的盲孔, 于盲孔内制作探针, 于悬臂梁表面制作金
属引线, 于悬臂梁的固定端制作植球, 正面刻蚀 SOI形成悬臂梁结构, 将植球倒装于陶瓷基 底, 从底面刻蚀衬底硅以释放悬臂梁以完成制备。 本发明具有以下有益效果: 本发明不需要 双面微机械加工, 不需要在深腔内进行光刻, 所有光刻均在同一平面内进行, 除最后一步结 构释放外, 所有工艺均从上表面进行, 工艺简单、 光刻精度高; 探针结构在完成倒装焊后释 放, 因此可以用常规的倒装焊机和夹具进行探卡单元的倒装焊, 且倒装焊时未释放的探卡单 元结构强度大, 不易变形, 可以保证焊球的共面性; 顶层硅与探针针尖绝缘、 不参与导电, 因此所有硅探针与边框可以连接在一起, 并且所有倒装焊焊球共同实现硅探卡与陶瓷基板的 机械连接, 避免了由于个别焊球机械强度低而造成的对应探针失效; 采用盲孔 TSV 工艺制 作探针针尖和 TSV, 盲孔电镀的金属结构与孔壁间有化学键连接, 机械强度优于通孔电镀。 所以, 本发明有效克服了现有技术中的种种缺点而具高度产业利用价值。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效, 而非用于限制本发明。 任何熟悉此技 术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下, 对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。 因此, 举凡 所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等 效修饰或改变, 仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。
Claims
权利要求书 、 一种微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法, 其特征在于, 所述制作方法至少包括以下步骤:
1 ) 提供一 SOI衬底, 于该 S0I衬底的顶层硅表面形成第一氧化层;
2) 于所述 S0I 衬底中定义出至少具有一根悬臂梁的悬臂梁图形, 且所述悬臂梁具 有悬空端及固定端;
3 ) 于所述悬臂梁的悬空端刻蚀所述 SOI 衬底形成贯穿第一氧化层、 顶层硅及埋氧 层的盲孔;
4) 于所述该盲孔的内表面形成厚度小于第一氧化层的第二氧化层, 并去除所述盲孔 底部的第二氧化层;
5 ) 刻蚀所述盲孔底部使其延伸至 SOI衬底的衬底硅内一预设深度;
6) 于所述盲孔内制作探针;
7) 于悬臂梁结构表面形成连接探针及固定端的金属引线;
8) 依据所述悬臂梁图形刻蚀所述 SOI衬底至所述衬底硅, 形成悬臂梁结构;
9) 于上述结构的表面形成第三氧化层;
10) 于所述固定端的金属引线上植球;
11 ) 将所述植球倒装固定至一基底上;
12) 刻蚀以去除所述 SOI衬底的衬底硅, 释放出悬臂梁及探针。 、 根据权利要求 1 所述的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 2) 中, 所 述悬臂梁图形具有多根悬臂梁, 且各该悬臂梁依据待测芯片管脚位置的分布进行排列。 、 根据权利要求 1 或 2 所述的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法, 其特征在于: 所述步骤 3 ) 中, 先使用光刻胶制作掩膜, 采用反应离子刻蚀法刻蚀穿所述顶层硅, 然后使用同一 掩膜采用反应离子刻蚀法刻蚀穿所述埋氧层以形成盲孔。 、 根据权利要求 1 或 2所述的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法, 其特征在于: 通过热氧化 法形成所述第一氧化层及所述第二氧化层。 、 根据权利要求 1 或 2 所述的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法, 其特征在于: 所述步骤
4) 中, 采用反应离子刻蚀法刻蚀去除所述盲孔底部的第二氧化层。 、 根据权利要求 1 或 2所述的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法, 其特征在于: 步骤 5 ) 中 的所述预设深度为 10〜30微米。 、 根据权利要求 1 或 2述的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法, 其特征在于: 所述步骤 6) 包括以下步骤: 6-1 ) 通过溅射法于所述盲孔内表面制作种子层; 6-2) 通过电镀法制作 金属探针。 、 根据权利要求 7 所述的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法, 其特征在于: 所述种子层为 TiW/Cu叠层或 Cr/Cu叠层, 所述金属探针为铜探针。 、 根据权利要求 1 或 2 所述的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法, 其特征在于: 所述步骤 10 ) 包括以下步骤: 10-1 ) 刻蚀所述固定端上的第三氧化层形成引线窗口; 10-2) 于所 述引线窗口表面制作凸点下金属层; 10-3 ) 于所述凸点下金属层表面制作焊球。 0、 根据权利要求 9 所述的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法, 其特征在于: 先于所述引线 窗口表面溅射 TiW/Cu种子层, 然后采用电镀法加厚 Cu层以形成所述凸点下金属层。 1、 根据权利要求 9 所述的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法, 其特征在于: 采用电镀法或 激光植球工艺制作所述焊球。 、 根据权利要求 1 或 2 所述的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法, 其特征在于: 采用所述 步骤 12) 中采用各向同性干法腐蚀、 XeF2腐蚀或者从背面进行深反应离子刻蚀的方法 去除衬底硅。 3、 根据权利要求 1 或 2 所述的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法, 其特征在于: 所述步骤 12) 还包括采用反应离子刻蚀法去除各悬臂梁之间的第三氧化层的步骤。 、 一种依据权利要求 1〜13 任意一项所述的微机械芯片测试探卡的制作方法所制作的微机 械芯片测试探卡。
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US20070216430A1 (en) * | 2006-03-20 | 2007-09-20 | Takeshi Watanabe | Probe Card |
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