WO2014035331A1 - Procédé et dispositif de purification de gaz d'échappement contenant des substances acidifiantes - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de purification de gaz d'échappement contenant des substances acidifiantes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014035331A1
WO2014035331A1 PCT/SE2013/051023 SE2013051023W WO2014035331A1 WO 2014035331 A1 WO2014035331 A1 WO 2014035331A1 SE 2013051023 W SE2013051023 W SE 2013051023W WO 2014035331 A1 WO2014035331 A1 WO 2014035331A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
exhaust gases
container
ash
mixture
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2013/051023
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Per Anders Brattemo
Original Assignee
Marketing I Konsulting Per Anders Brattemo
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Marketing I Konsulting Per Anders Brattemo filed Critical Marketing I Konsulting Per Anders Brattemo
Priority to EP13834084.9A priority Critical patent/EP2890477A4/fr
Priority to EA201590430A priority patent/EA026160B9/ru
Publication of WO2014035331A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014035331A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/508—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with solids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B01D53/685—Halogens or halogen compounds by treating the gases with solids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/96—Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
    • B01J19/20—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside in the form of helices, e.g. screw reactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/08—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
    • B01J8/10—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by stirrers or by rotary drums or rotary receptacles or endless belts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2/00—Lime, magnesia or dolomite
    • C04B2/02—Lime
    • C04B2/04—Slaking
    • C04B2/08—Devices therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
    • B01D2251/402—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of magnesium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
    • B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/204—Inorganic halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/2045—Hydrochloric acid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/204—Inorganic halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/2047—Hydrofluoric acid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
    • B01D2258/0291—Flue gases from waste incineration plants

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the purification of exhaust gases comprising acidifying compounds such as SO2 and HC1.
  • Exhaust gases comprising such acidifying compounds often arise in connection to industrial combustion of organic compounds, such as in fossil fuel fired power plants and waste incineration plants. They also arise in for instance chemical process industry where for instance SO2 or HC1 constitute residual products.
  • alkaline compounds such as Mg(OH) 2 , lime in the form of for instance CaO, Ca(0H) 2 or CaCC>3, etc.
  • a scrubber or the similar separate the acidifying compounds.
  • alkaline fly ash for this purpose.
  • the alkaline compounds are also recirculated, so that the exposure between exhaust gases and alkaline compounds is increased.
  • the present invention solves the above described problems.
  • the invention relates to a method for purifying exhaust gases from acidifying compounds, which exhaust gases are exposed to an alkaline compound such as Ca(OH) 2 which is reacted with and therefore neutralizes the acidifying compounds, and is characterized in that ash comprising CaO in a first step is mixed, in a container, with water, but not with the exhaust gases, and is heated so that CaO is transformed into Ca(0H) 2 , and in that the hence formed Ca(OH) 2 in a second step is reacted with, and therefore neutralizes, the acidifying compounds in the exhaust gases.
  • the invention also relates to a device.
  • Figure 1 is an outline diagram of a device for purifying exhaust gases according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a side view of an activation device according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a side view of an activation device according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 4 is a side view of an activation device according to a third preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 1 is an outline diagram illustrating a device for purifying exhaust gases comprising acidifying compounds, preferably gaseous, such as S0 2 , S0 3 , HF och HC1.
  • An industrial process 1 such as a combustion process or another chemical process, hence emits gases, such as flue gases, compris- ing said acidifying compounds.
  • gases are denoted "exhaust gases”.
  • the exhaust gases are brought, using a pipe work 2, to a dust separation step 3, in which solid substances such as fly ash or other solid alkaline compounds dispersed in the exhaust gases are separated from the exhaust gases.
  • the separated alkaline substances are brought onwards to an activation device 4, in which at least a share of the CaO contained in the alkaline substances is transformed to Ca(0H) 2 according to CaO + H 2 0 ⁇ Ca (OH) 2 -
  • the activated alkaline substances, then comprising Ca(OH)2, are hence exposed to the exhaust gases, and thereby neutrality izes their acidifying contents.
  • a neutralizing reaction whereby SO2 is neutralized so that CaS0 3 is formed, is:
  • alkaline compounds such as Mg(0H) 2 and CaC0 3
  • SO2 and HC1 can also be used to neutralize various acidifying compounds in the exhaust gases, such as SO2 and HC1, in corresponding ways which are known as such.
  • HC1 is neutralized 20 with Ca(OH) 2
  • CaCl 2 will be formed.
  • the exhaust purification device can of course comprise also other units that are conventional as such, such as dry and/or moist purification steps, such as a scrubber.
  • What is essen- 25 tial for the present invention is that the alkaline substances are activated in the activation device 4, in a way which is described in closer detail below, before they are dispersed in the exhaust gases.
  • the alkaline substances at least partly, preferably completely, are constituted by alkaline fly ash which has been separated from the exhaust gases.
  • additional alkaline compounds may for instance comprise fly ash from other processes and various forms of lime.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates, in cross-section and from the opposite side, an activation device 100 for activating alkaline compounds according to a first preferred embodiment.
  • the device 100 comprises an elongated container 101, in which alkaline compounds that are to be activated are fed in through an inlet 102 in a first end of the container 101, and out through an outlet 103 in the opposite end of the container 101.
  • an elongated mixing space 104 In the interior of the container 101, there is an elongated mixing space 104, through which a feeding means 105 is arranged to feed the alkaline compounds in the main direction 106 of extension of the container 101.
  • Water in the form of steam or hot, liquid water, is supplied via a conduit system 107, a valve 108 and at least one nozzle 109.
  • the steam holds a temperature of at least 110°C, if it is liquid at least 30°C.
  • the majority of the nozzles 109 are arranged to distribute the supplied water evenly over the alkaline compounds comprised in the container 101, from above and along at least a majority of the length of the container 101.
  • the alkaline compounds comprise ash comprising CaO, and are preferably completely comprised by ash, preferably from the industrial process that has also given rise to the exhaust gases as such.
  • the ash is mixed with water in the container 101 without therein coming into contact with the exhaust gases. More- over, heat is supplied to the contents of the container 101, which in combination with mechanical mixing as well as the exposure to the supplied water, results in rapid transformation of CaO into Ca(OH) 2 , but also in that the ash parti- cles crack open and become more porous.
  • the present method is also efficient for transforming other oxides to hydroxides, such as transformation of MgO to Mg (OH) 2 .
  • the heat supply to the container takes places only through the heat in the supplied water.
  • a separate heating device 114 it is also possible to use a separate heating device 114. Irrespective of which, it is preferred that the container 101 is isolated in a suitable manner to avoid thermal losses.
  • the amount of added water is continuously regulated, using a control device 110, so that the resulting mixture of water and alkaline compounds is so moist so that the above described transformation to hydroxide can take place for the majority of the CaO comprised in the ash, but at the same time sufficiently dry in order to both be transported through the container 101 and thereafter to be able to be injected into the exhaust stream and therein be able to react with the acidifying compounds. It is preferred that the resulting mixture, at the outlet 103, holds a moisture ratio of 2-5%.
  • compressed air 111 is furthermore added, via an inlet 112, at the bottom of the container 101.
  • sufficient amounts of compressed air per time unit are added for the mixture of alkaline compounds and water to form a fluidized bed in the container 101.
  • a fluidiza- tion cloth 113 which is conventional as such, so that a bottom of the container 101 is constituted by a fluidizing part with an outer mantle and an inner fluidization cloth 113.
  • the alkaline compounds that have been activated using water and heat in the container 101 are returned, after they have reacted with the exhaust gases, once more to the container 101 for additional treat- ment with water and heat, after which the reactivated alkaline compounds again are reacted with the exhaust gases.
  • This circulation can then be repeated in order to maximally exploit the alkali which is present in the ash.
  • the ash which has been treated in the container with water and heat is used for supplementing an externally supplied alkaline compound for purifying the exhaust gases from the acidifying compounds. Since ash most often is relatively cheap, such a supplementation will be profitable.
  • the device 100 illustrated in figure 2 is provided with a substantially horizontally extending container 101, through and along which the mixture of alkaline compounds and water is transported using the feeding means 105, and to which water is supplied through the nozzles 109, that are arranged above the surface of the mixture in the contain- er 101.
  • Figure 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment, in which a device 200, in a way corresponding to that of figure 2, comprises a container 201 with an inlet 202 and an outlet 203, between which the mixture of alkaline compounds and water is transported using a feeding means 205 in the form of a feeding screw.
  • the container 201 is not horizontally arranged, but the mixture is transported substantially vertically, in the direction 206, first by the use of the feeding means 205 on to a first shaft 204a, thereafter down to the bottom of the shaft 204a and across to a second shaft 204b, located on the other side of a vertical partition wall 204c, and further up towards the outlet 203.
  • the bottom of the container 201 preferably slants in a direction towards the outlet 203, in order to facilitate the transport of the mixture. Also, it is preferred that the transport of the mixture is also facilitated by the supply of compressed air 211, via an inlet 212, at the bottom of the container 201, so that a fluidized bed, preferably with a fluidization cloth 213, is formed as described above. Hence, the compressed air will bring with it the mixture up through the shaft 204b and towards the outlet 203.
  • the water supply which is similar to the one described above, takes place via a control device 110, a conduit system 207, a valve 208 and nozzles 209, where the nozzles 209 are arranged in the ceiling of the second shaft 204b, so that the water is distributed into the mixture from above in the second shaft 204b right before the outlet 203.
  • the heat is supplied via the water and/or using a separate heating device 214.
  • the transport of the mixture in this embodiment takes place firstly, in the first shaft 204a, using energy supplied via the feeding means 205 and gravity, and thereafter, in the second shaft 204b, primarily using energy supplied via the compressed air 211.
  • Figure 4 illustrates an additionally alternative embodiment, in which a device 300 comprises a container 301 which, similarly to the container 201 and using a vertical partition wall 304c, is partitioned in a first shaft 304a and a second shaft 304b, whereby the mixture is transported, from an inlet 302 to an outlet 303 and in the direction 306, using a vertically arranged feeding means 305 in the second shaft 304b, in combination with compressed air 311 which is supplied via an inlet 312 below a fluidization cloth 313 at the bottom of the container 301.
  • the transport in the container 301 thus takes place mainly using the feeding means 305, supplemented by the compressed air 311.
  • Water is supplied, using a control device 310, a valve 308 and a conduit system 307, via nozzles 309 arranged in the vicinity of the bottom of the container 301 and directed upwards in the second shaft 304b.
  • the compressed air 311 will improve the mixing of the alkaline compounds and the supplied water in the second shaft 304b.
  • Heat is supplied via the water and/or using a separate heating device 314.
  • the respective second shaft 204b, 304b in devices 200 and 300 needs not be vertical, but may slant up- wards to the outlet 203, 303.
  • This facilitates additionally transport of the mixture and can advantageously be used in certain embodiments in which sufficient mixture can be achieved also without the vertical transport illustrated in figures 3 and 4.
  • the feeding means 205, 305 may constitute a screw pump of the Archimedean type, which efficiently transports the mixture up towards the outlet 203, 303 under constant mixing.
  • the hot water or steam needs not be supplied via nozzles 109, 209, 309. Instead, water can for example be added to the ash already before it enters into the container 101, 201, 301.
  • the invention is not to be limited to the describe embodiments, but may be varied within the scope of the en closed claims.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant d'enlever les composés acidifiants des gaz d'échappement, ceux-ci étant exposés à un composé alcalin tel que le Ca(OH)2 qui réagit avec les composés acidifiants et qui les neutralise. L'invention est caractérisée en ce que des cendres contenant du CaO sont d'abord mélangées dans un récipient (101), avec de l'eau, et non avec les gaz d'échappement, puis sont chauffées pour transformer le CaO en Ca(OH)2, et le Ca(OH)2 ainsi obtenu réagit avec les composés acidifiants des gaz d'échappement, puis les neutralise.
PCT/SE2013/051023 2012-08-31 2013-08-30 Procédé et dispositif de purification de gaz d'échappement contenant des substances acidifiantes WO2014035331A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP13834084.9A EP2890477A4 (fr) 2012-08-31 2013-08-30 Procédé et dispositif de purification de gaz d'échappement contenant des substances acidifiantes
EA201590430A EA026160B9 (ru) 2012-08-31 2013-08-30 Способ и установка для очистки отработанных газов, содержащих кислотообразующие вещества

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1250974A SE538327C2 (sv) 2012-08-31 2012-08-31 Förfarande för att rena avgaser
SE1250974-1 2012-08-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014035331A1 true WO2014035331A1 (fr) 2014-03-06

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PCT/SE2013/051023 WO2014035331A1 (fr) 2012-08-31 2013-08-30 Procédé et dispositif de purification de gaz d'échappement contenant des substances acidifiantes

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Country Link
EP (1) EP2890477A4 (fr)
EA (1) EA026160B9 (fr)
SE (1) SE538327C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014035331A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105381702B (zh) * 2015-09-28 2019-02-15 程洪亮 排烟除尘环保综合塔
CN111185074A (zh) * 2020-01-13 2020-05-22 高邮康博环境资源有限公司 一种环保型固废物料处理的脱硫塔烟气处理净化设备

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5814288A (en) * 1996-03-08 1998-09-29 Mcdermott Technology, Inc. Flue gas desulfurization method and apparatus
WO1998043729A1 (fr) * 1997-03-17 1998-10-08 ABB Fläkt AB Melangeur de matiere particulaire et de liquide
WO2004026443A1 (fr) * 2002-09-20 2004-04-01 Alstom Technology Ltd Procede et dispositif de separation de polluants gazeux de gaz de transformation chauds par absorption et melangeur d'humidification de poussiere particulaire
EP1949956A1 (fr) * 2007-01-24 2008-07-30 Lab Sa Procédé et installation d'épuration de fumées contenant des polluants acides
EP2397214A1 (fr) * 2010-06-18 2011-12-21 Lab Sa Procédé et installation d'épuration de fumées de combustion

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IN188644B (fr) * 1995-08-21 2002-10-26 Abb Research Ltd
US20110150755A1 (en) * 2009-12-21 2011-06-23 Flsmidth A/S Method and Apparatus for Hydrating Lime

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5814288A (en) * 1996-03-08 1998-09-29 Mcdermott Technology, Inc. Flue gas desulfurization method and apparatus
WO1998043729A1 (fr) * 1997-03-17 1998-10-08 ABB Fläkt AB Melangeur de matiere particulaire et de liquide
WO2004026443A1 (fr) * 2002-09-20 2004-04-01 Alstom Technology Ltd Procede et dispositif de separation de polluants gazeux de gaz de transformation chauds par absorption et melangeur d'humidification de poussiere particulaire
EP1949956A1 (fr) * 2007-01-24 2008-07-30 Lab Sa Procédé et installation d'épuration de fumées contenant des polluants acides
EP2397214A1 (fr) * 2010-06-18 2011-12-21 Lab Sa Procédé et installation d'épuration de fumées de combustion

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP2890477A4 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EA026160B9 (ru) 2017-07-31
SE538327C2 (sv) 2016-05-17
EP2890477A1 (fr) 2015-07-08
SE1250974A1 (sv) 2014-03-01
EP2890477A4 (fr) 2016-05-11
EA026160B1 (ru) 2017-03-31
EA201590430A1 (ru) 2015-08-31

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