WO2014034085A1 - スペクトル分解能とスペクトル確度を向上するフーリエ変換型分光法、分光装置および分光計測プログラム - Google Patents
スペクトル分解能とスペクトル確度を向上するフーリエ変換型分光法、分光装置および分光計測プログラム Download PDFInfo
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- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
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- G01N21/3581—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using far infrared light; using Terahertz radiation
- G01N21/3586—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using far infrared light; using Terahertz radiation by Terahertz time domain spectroscopy [THz-TDS]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a Fourier transform type spectroscopic method, a spectroscopic device, and a spectroscopic measurement program for improving spectral resolution and spectral accuracy.
- the Fourier transform type spectroscopy is a spectroscopic method that obtains a spectrum for each frequency by performing a Fourier transform after measuring a time change of a measurement signal intensity.
- the time waveform signal h (t) observed in the time domain and the spectrum signal H (f) observed in the frequency domain are Fourier-transformed as shown in the following formula (Formula (1)).
- the inverse Fourier transform (formula (2)).
- Typical examples of Fourier transform spectroscopy include pulsed Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (FT-NMR), nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and terahertz time domain.
- Spectroscopy THz-TDS
- FT-NMR pulsed Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- MRI nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
- FT-IR and THz-TDS an electromagnetic wave interference waveform and an electric field waveform are observed as a function of time, and a spectrum is obtained by performing Fourier transform on the observed waveform.
- the characteristics of the Fourier transform type spectroscopy are as shown in the following 1) to 4). 1) Since the entire spectral region is observed simultaneously, the signal intensity is strong. When measuring interference signals in Fourier transform spectroscopy, the entire input spectral region is observed simultaneously, so that the signal strength is strong and, as a result, a high signal-to-noise ratio is obtained. 2) Since no slit is required, an optical system brighter than a dispersive spectroscope can be used. Unlike the dispersive spectrometer, no slit is required, and a brighter optical system than the dispersive spectrometer can be used, so that a high optical throughput can be realized and a high signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained. 3) A continuous spectrum can be measured and the spectrum accuracy is high. Continuous wavelength light can be observed and the wave number accuracy is very high. 4) It can be used in various electromagnetic wave regions.
- Fourier transform spectroscopy Due to the characteristics of the Fourier transform spectroscopy described above, Fourier transform spectroscopy is becoming the mainstream of spectroscopic measurement and is widely used in various fields.
- FIG. 1 shows a time waveform of an observation signal and an amplitude spectrum obtained by Fourier transform.
- the spectral resolution in Fourier transform spectroscopy is determined by the reciprocal of the time width (observation time window) for observing the time waveform. Therefore, the larger the observation time window, the better the spectral resolution.
- the settable observation time window has a repetition period. Is limited by the repetition frequency (theoretical limit spectral resolution).
- the expansion of the observation time window increases the noise signal component and decreases the measurement SN ratio.
- the measurement time also increases in proportion to the expansion of the observation time window.
- THz-TDS it is necessary to perform mechanical time delay scanning to acquire a time waveform, but the observation time window is limited by the amount of movement of the mechanical stage that performs time delay scanning, and the realistic spectral resolution is The actual situation is that it is far below the spectral resolution determined by the repetition frequency, and it is not easy to realize a sufficiently large observation time window.
- the actual observation time window is set, and the spectral resolution is determined.
- the spectral accuracy depends on the time accuracy of time waveform observation. In order to improve the substance identification ability in spectroscopic analysis more than ever, further improvement in spectral resolution and spectral accuracy is required.
- the present invention eliminates the limitation of spectral resolution in Fourier transform spectroscopy including THz-TDS, theoretically achieves infinitesimal spectral resolution (infinite spectral resolution), and can greatly improve spectral accuracy. Is.
- the present invention eliminates the limitation of spectral resolution in Fourier transform spectroscopy, theoretically realizes infinitesimal spectral resolution, and can significantly improve spectral accuracy.
- the Fourier transform type spectroscopy of the present invention is a Fourier transform type spectroscopic method (Fourier transform type frequency analysis method) for observing a periodic repetitive phenomenon.
- the time width (observation time window T) for observing is acquired to obtain a time waveform, and Fourier transform is performed to obtain a discrete distribution spectrum with the reciprocal of the observation time window T as a frequency data interval.
- Equation 3 For each plot of the discrete distribution spectrum, Equation 3 below is established, where f n is the frequency of each plot and n is the order (integer) of the plot.
- the repetition period of the phenomenon is accurately and sufficiently stabilized, and the observation time window T is made to exactly coincide with the repetition period, whereby the upper limit of the spectral resolution in Fourier transform spectroscopy (repetition of the phenomenon). (Determined by frequency) and theoretically achieve infinitesimal spectral decomposition.
- a time waveform is obtained by observing the phenomenon in a time shorter than the repetition period, and time is acquired so as to coincide with the repetition period for the acquired time waveform data.
- Waveform data may be interpolated (for example, interpolation of 0 data) to obtain a time waveform that matches the repetition period.
- the repetition period and the data after interpolation must be exactly the same. In this case, there is a demerit that the accuracy of the Fourier transform spectrum is lowered because there is a loss of the time waveform in the data interpolation part, compared with the case where the time waveform is acquired by matching the repetition period and the observation time window T.
- the Fourier transform type spectroscopy of the present invention is different from the step of changing the repetition period and the step of acquiring the discrete distribution spectrum by acquiring the time waveform after changing the repetition period and performing Fourier transform. It is preferable to further comprise a step of superimposing a plurality of discrete distribution spectra having a repetition period. A refined spectrum is acquired by complementing the gap between the plots of the discrete distribution spectrum acquired by changing the repetition frequency. In addition, by accurately and sufficiently stabilizing the repetition period, not only the spectral resolution but also the spectral accuracy can be greatly improved.
- the repetition period is stabilized with reference to the frequency standard.
- the frequency standard as a reference, the repetition period can be accurately and sufficiently stabilized.
- the time waveform data is obtained by discretization at a time interval of 1 / integer of the repetition period, or obtained by setting the period of the repetition phenomenon to an integer multiple of the discretization time interval of the time waveform data, It is more preferable to obtain a discrete distribution spectrum by performing discrete Fourier transform on discretized time waveform data for one repetition period. The accuracy of the Fourier transform spectrum can be further increased.
- the Fourier transform type spectroscopy of the present invention is suitably used for terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS).
- THz-TDS terahertz time domain spectroscopy
- two femtosecond lasers having different laser pulse repetition frequencies (mode synchronization frequencies) are used as light sources used for terahertz time domain spectroscopy.
- the mode locking frequency of each of the two femtosecond lasers is accurately and sufficiently stabilized with respect to the frequency standard, and the two femtoseconds are maintained so that the difference in mode locking frequency is maintained at a predetermined constant value. Control each laser independently and simultaneously.
- the output light of one femtosecond laser is used as pump light for THz generation, and the output light of the other femtosecond laser is used as probe pulse light for THz detection. Thereby, stabilization of the pulse period which is a repetition period can be aimed at.
- the above-described Fourier transform type spectroscopy of the present invention is suitably used for a Fourier transform type infrared spectroscopic device that performs Fourier transform type infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).
- FT-IR Fourier transform type infrared spectroscopy
- two femtosecond laser means having different laser pulse repetition frequencies (mode synchronization frequencies) are used as light sources used in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
- the mode locking frequency of each of the two femtosecond lasers is accurately and sufficiently stabilized with respect to the frequency standard, and the two femtoseconds are maintained so that the difference in mode locking frequency is maintained at a predetermined constant value. Control each laser independently and simultaneously.
- the output light of one femtosecond laser is used for generating infrared light for sample measurement, and the output light of the other femtosecond laser is used for generating local oscillator infrared light for heterodyne interference. Thereby, stabilization of a repetition period can be aimed at.
- the arrangement disclosed in the following document is not generated by homodyne interference using an infrared incoherent light source (ceramic light source, tungsten halogen light source, tungsten / iodine lamp, etc.) but by two femtosecond lasers and a nonlinear optical crystal.
- Heterodyne interference by infrared coherent light is used and can be used for the Fourier transform type spectroscopy of the present invention.
- the above-described Fourier transform spectroscopy of the present invention includes nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FT-MS), Fourier transform optical spectrum analyzer, Fourier transform. It can be suitably used for any Fourier transform type spectroscopy of a spectrum analyzer.
- the Fourier transform spectroscopic device of the present invention is a Fourier transform spectroscopic device for observing a periodic repetitive phenomenon.
- the repetitive cycle of the phenomenon and the time width (observation time window T) for observing the time waveform of the phenomenon are the same.
- Equation 3 is established, where f n is the frequency of each plot and n is the order (integer) of the plot.
- the Fourier transform spectrometer of the present invention further includes means for changing the repetition period and means for superimposing a plurality of discrete distribution spectra having different repetition periods.
- Spectral resolution can be greatly improved by complementing the gaps between the plots of the discrete distribution spectrum acquired by changing the repetition period and acquiring a miniaturized spectrum. Further, by accurately and stabilizing the repetition period, the spectral accuracy can be greatly improved.
- the Fourier transform spectrometer of the present invention can be suitably used as a terahertz time domain spectrometer that performs terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS).
- THz-TDS terahertz time domain spectrometer
- two femtosecond laser means having different laser pulse repetition frequencies (mode synchronization frequencies) are provided as light sources used for terahertz time domain spectroscopy.
- the mode locking frequency of each of the two femtosecond laser means is accurately and sufficiently stabilized with reference to the frequency standard, and the two units are maintained so that the difference between the mode locking frequencies is maintained at a predetermined constant value.
- the femtosecond laser means are controlled independently and simultaneously.
- the output light of one femtosecond laser is used as pump light for THz generation, and the output light of the other femtosecond laser is used as probe pulse light for THz detection. Thereby, stabilization of the pulse period which is a repetition period can be aimed at.
- the Fourier transform spectrometer of the present invention can be suitably used as a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer that performs Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).
- FT-IR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- two femtosecond laser means having different laser pulse repetition frequencies (mode synchronization frequencies) are provided as light sources used for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
- the mode locking frequency of each of the two femtosecond lasers is stabilized with reference to the frequency standard, and the two femtosecond lasers are respectively set so that the difference in mode locking frequency is maintained at a predetermined constant value. Control independently and simultaneously.
- the output light of one femtosecond laser is used for generating infrared light for sample measurement, and the output light of the other femtosecond laser is used for generating local oscillator infrared light for heterodyne interference. Thereby, stabilization of a repetition period can be aimed at.
- the Fourier transform type spectroscopic measurement program of the present invention is a Fourier transform type spectroscopic measurement program for observing a periodic repetitive phenomenon, in which a computer is used to observe a repetitive period of the phenomenon and a time width for observing the time waveform of the phenomenon (observation time). Window T) and a means for acquiring a time waveform and a means for acquiring a discrete distribution spectrum having a frequency data interval that is the inverse of the observation time window T by performing Fourier transform from the acquired time waveform. It is a program for.
- Equation 3 Equation 3 is established, where f n is the frequency of each plot and n is the order (integer) of the plot.
- the program further includes means for changing the repetition period and means for superimposing a plurality of discrete distribution spectra having different repetition periods, and the computer functions as these means. It is preferable to make it.
- the above-described Fourier transform spectroscopic measurement program of the present invention includes a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) device, a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device, a terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) device, and a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT).
- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- MRI nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
- THz-TDS terahertz time domain spectroscopy
- FT Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- -IR Fourier transform mass spectrometer
- Fourier transform optical spectrum analyzers Fourier transform spectrum analyzers and other Fourier transform spectroscopic devices can be suitably mounted. In either case, the phenomenon is observed repeatedly, and the spectral resolution and the spectral accuracy can be improved.
- the limitations of spectral resolution and spectral accuracy in Fourier transform spectroscopy are eliminated, and theoretically, infinitesimal spectral decomposition can be realized, and spectral accuracy can be greatly improved.
- the performance of the Fourier transform spectroscopy such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Fourier transform optical spectrum analyzer, Fourier transform spectrum analyzer, etc. is greatly improved without significantly remodeling. become able to. Improvement of spectral resolution and spectral accuracy in Fourier transform spectroscopy increases the identification ability of various substance identifications and leads to higher performance of various devices. As a result, the use in the field of semiconductors and analytical chemistry is further promoted.
- nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in which FT-NMR is applied to computer tomography may lead to higher definition of biological tomographic images.
- MRI nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
- observation window 1 period
- observation window 0.9995 period
- Functional block diagram of Fourier transform spectroscopic measurement program Process flow diagram of Fourier transform type spectroscopic measurement program Internal configuration diagram of computer hardware Amplitude spectrum showing the fine structure of acetonitrile gas.
- Absorption spectrum expanded around J 34-35 transition (near 0.64 THz)
- the time waveform signal h (t) is acquired and the spectrum waveform H (f) is acquired by Fourier transform.
- the measurement signal h (t) is multiplied by the frequency signal cos2 ⁇ ft to be observed from the Fourier transform (Equation (1)), and integration is performed in the time domain. (See FIG. 2, only the real part is described).
- a spectrum waveform can be acquired by performing the same processing on each frequency component.
- the size of the time integration region determines the spectral resolution.
- observation time window In order to improve the spectral resolution, it is necessary to take a large time integration region (observation time window), but usually the necessary spectral resolution, measurement SN ratio, measurement time, technical restrictions on the observation time window, etc. Considering this, measurement is performed with a finite observation time window.
- FIG. 3 shows an image diagram for observing a relaxation signal longer than the repetition period as a repetition phenomenon.
- four relaxation phenomenon signals (the most recent signal 10, the previous signal 11, the previous signal 12, the third previous signal, which are excited by four pulses at different timings and different in time. 13) is in a state of overlapping in time.
- the time domain (A) of the relaxation phenomenon by the latest pulse signal 10 and the previous pulse The time domain (B) of the relaxation phenomenon caused by the signal 11, the time domain (C) of the relaxation phenomenon caused by the second previous pulse signal 12, and the time domain (D) of the relaxation phenomenon caused by the third previous pulse signal 13 are observed time windows. Will be included.
- FIG. 5 in order to obtain the Fourier transform spectrum of the repetitive phenomenon observed in one period, the sum of each relaxation signal included in the time domain (A), (B), (C), (D) What is necessary is just to integrate the multiplication of the frequency signal cos2 ⁇ ft to be observed in the time domain.
- each signal included in the areas (A), (B), (C), and (D) can be connected as a temporally continuous signal. That is, it is equivalent to measuring a signal of a relaxation phenomenon that is sufficiently longer than that in an observation time window (time integration region) that is sufficiently long, despite the observation time window being equal to the repetition period. Theoretically, it becomes infinitesimal and the spectral resolution becomes infinite.
- FIG. 7 shows a plot distribution (plot interval 1 / T) constituting the spectrum.
- FIG. 7A shows a discrete distribution (in the case of the present invention) of a plot cut out with an infinitesimal spectral width
- FIG. 7B shows a continuous distribution of plots given by an average value (conventional method).
- a discrete distribution of a plot cut out with an infinitesimal spectral width can be obtained by performing sampling. If a single phenomenon h (t) is acquired at a sampling frequency that is twice or more the maximum frequency of h (t), it can be discretized without losing the information by the sampling theorem.
- a spectrum acquired at a sampling frequency that is at least twice the maximum frequency of h (t) can be expressed by the following mathematical formula (4) using Fourier series expansion.
- m is an integer
- ⁇ is a sampling interval.
- 1 / ⁇ must be at least twice the maximum frequency of h (t).
- f n is the above-described formula (3), and n is an integer.
- the above mathematical formula (6) can be expanded into the following mathematical formula (7).
- the signal is sampled by dividing the repetition period T of the phenomenon into N equal parts (however, in order to satisfy the sampling theorem, it is desirable that N / T is at least twice the maximum frequency of the phenomenon), or the repetition of the phenomenon.
- the period is set to N times the sampling interval of the time waveform data
- the discretized data for one repetition period is obtained, and this is subjected to discrete Fourier transform to obtain a discrete spectrum. This is equivalent to the value obtained by observing the original single phenomenon with infinitesimal spectral resolution (infinite spectral resolution).
- N is a power of 2
- fast discrete Fourier transform can be used, so that the calculation time can be significantly reduced.
- the signals included in the time regions (A), (B), (C), and (D) may be connected as temporally continuous signals. It is not possible to change to a signal including a temporal discontinuity (see FIG. 8). As a result, it is not equivalent to measuring the signal of the relaxation phenomenon with an infinitely long observation time window (time integration region). That is, unless the above formula (3) is satisfied, a correct spectrum cannot be obtained.
- Each plot of the spectrum shown in FIG. 7A has an infinitesimal spectral resolution (infinite spectral resolution), but is distributed discretely. Therefore, if it is used as it is, the practical spectral resolution becomes the plot interval (reciprocal 1 / T of the pulse period).
- the infinitesimal spectral resolution infinite spectral resolution
- the spectral resolution is substantially improved by the increase in the number of plot points in practice.
- the repetition period of the relaxation phenomenon is accurately and sufficiently stabilized in advance with respect to the frequency standard, and the measurement is performed by making the repetition period and the observation time window (T) exactly match, the interval between the plots is It is always constant and the absolute accuracy of the spectral wavelength (frequency) is extremely accurate. As a result, the accuracy of reading the wavelength (frequency) is improved by improving the spectral resolution, and the spectral accuracy is also improved.
- the present invention will be described by taking Fourier transform spectroscopy and a spectroscopic apparatus in THz-TDS as examples. Moreover, the usefulness of the Fourier transform type
- Example 1 shows an example of Fourier transform spectroscopy of the present invention in THz-TDS.
- THz-TDS an electric field time waveform of a pulsed THz wave (THz pulse) propagating in free space is acquired, and an amplitude spectrum is acquired by Fourier transform as shown in FIG.
- THz pulse pulsed THz wave
- a technique called a pump-probe method has been used so far.
- FIG. 10 shows a configuration of a typical THz-TDS apparatus (an apparatus using a mechanical time delay scanning pump / probe method).
- the femtosecond laser 31 light is split by the beam splitter 32 into THz generating pump light (pump light) and THz detection probe light (probe light).
- the THz pulse is generated by making the pump light incident on the THz generating element 34 (such as a photoconductive antenna).
- the THz pulse propagated through the free space is incident on the THz detection element 35 (such as a photoconductive antenna).
- the probe light is adjusted in timing (optical path length) by the time delay scanning stage 33 and then incident on the THz detection element 35.
- the THz electric field time waveform is reconstructed by cutting out the electric field time waveform of the THz pulse at the timing at which the THz pulse and the probe light overlap while gradually shifting the incident timing of the probe light by the time delay scanning stage 33. Is possible.
- the apparatus configuration using the conventional mechanical time delay scanning pump / probe method there is a technical difficulty in realizing an observation time window equal to the pulse period which is a repetition period (a time delay scanning stage of several meters or more). 33 is required).
- the limitation on the observation time window associated with the mechanical time delay scanning is eliminated, and the observation time window is expanded to the pulse period which is a repetition period.
- an arbitrary observation time window can be set, it is possible to exactly match the observation time window with a pulse period that is a repetition period.
- it is possible to accurately and sufficiently stabilize and control the pulse period by laser control based on a microwave atomic clock.
- the spectral resolution can be further improved and the spectral accuracy can be increased.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a configuration diagram of the THz-TDS apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- the fiber laser 1 (51) is used as a pump laser
- the fiber laser 2 (52) is used as a probe laser.
- a THz-TDS optical system is constructed using a photoconductive antenna (PCA) for THz generation 34 and THz detection 35.
- PCA photoconductive antenna
- the timing at which the THz pulse and the probe light overlap with the THz detection PCA is automatically shifted for each pulse, and as shown in FIG. Sampled.
- the time waveform amplified by the amplifier 57 is acquired by the high-speed digitizer 56 after the current-voltage conversion.
- a part of the laser light is guided to an SFG (sum frequency generation light) cross-correlation meter 55, and the generated SFG light is used as a trigger signal for the digitizer 56 as a time origin signal.
- the signal from the rubidium atomic clock 53 is used as a reference clock signal for the digitizer 56.
- the low-pressure water vapor shows a sharp absorption line in the THz region accompanying the rotational transition, and the absorption line width can be adjusted by pressure (hereinafter referred to as “theoretical absorption line width”). Therefore, a mixed gas of water vapor and nitrogen is sealed in a gas cell (length: 500 mm, diameter: 40 mm), and the theoretical absorption line width (rotational transition 1 10- > 1 01 ) near 0.557 THz is sufficiently narrow. Spectral resolution was evaluated while maintaining such a low pressure state.
- FIG. 13 (a) is an absorption spectrum measured in a state where the pulse period, which is a repetition period, and the observation time window exactly match (the observed absorption spectrum line width is hereinafter referred to as “observed absorption line width”). Called).
- FIG. 13A is equivalent to FIG. 7A described above.
- FIG. 13B shows a miniaturized spectrum obtained by sequentially scanning the spectra so as to complement the gaps between the plots and then overlapping the spectra.
- FIG. 13B is equivalent to the right side of FIG. An observed absorption line width of about 250 MHz is obtained, but a more detailed spectrum shape is reflected.
- FIG. 13C shows a spectrum acquired by a method of increasing the number of data points of a spectrum obtained by FT-IR or the like, that is, a zero filling method often used as a conventional method.
- the number of plots is greatly increased (10 times that in FIG. 13 (a)), but the spectral resolution is not essentially improved, and the spectrum shape is almost the same as in FIG. 13 (a). I know that there is. Further, rotational transitions 1 10 -> Comparing 1 spectral database value of 01 NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and (0.556946THz), confirmed that the FIG. 13 (b) only, the spectrum accuracy is improved it can.
- the pressure was adjusted so that the theoretical absorption line width was 10 MHz so that the absorption relaxation phenomenon due to water vapor continued longer than the repetition period (4 ns).
- a mixed gas of water vapor and nitrogen water vapor 6 Pa; nitrogen 140 Pa
- the absorption phenomenon with a theoretical absorption line width of 10 MHz relaxes over 100 ns, which is the inverse of the theoretical absorption line width.
- the relaxation time 100 ns corresponds to 25 cycles of the repetition cycle (4 ns).
- the pressure was adjusted so that the theoretical absorption line width was 500 MHz (water vapor 1000 Pa; nitrogen 3500 Pa), and the duration of the relaxation phenomenon was 2 ns, which is half the repetition period (4 ns).
- the absorption spectrum was measured while changing the theoretical absorption line width by adjusting the pressure.
- the result of comparing the characteristics is shown in the graph of FIG.
- the dotted line in the figure is the theoretical curve of the theoretical absorption line width.
- the observed absorption line width decreased with a decrease in pressure up to around 1 kPa, but the observed absorption line width at a pressure of 1 kPa or less. Remained at about 250 MHz. This does not reflect the theoretical absorption line width but indicates that the observed absorption line width is widened due to the limit of the spectral resolution of the apparatus. That is, the spectral decomposition of the present invention (without complementing the discrete distribution spectral gap) and the conventional method (zero filling method) is 250 MHz of the plot interval (repetition frequency) which is the theoretical limit spectral decomposition.
- the observed absorption line width in the present invention shows almost the same change as the theoretical absorption line width.
- the observed spectral width is 3 MHz, which is significantly higher than the repetition frequency (250 MHz) which is the theoretical limit spectral decomposition.
- the deviation from the theoretical curve in the low pressure region is due to the instability of the gas pressure of the sample, and does not indicate the limit of the spectral resolution of the inventive device.
- the Fourier transform spectroscopy of the present invention can achieve infinitesimal spectral resolution (infinite spectral resolution), but in practice the limit of spectral resolution is determined by the stability of the repetition frequency. ing.
- FIG. 17 shows a functional block diagram of the Fourier transform type spectroscopic measurement program.
- the Fourier transform type spectroscopic measurement program of the second embodiment is a program for observing a periodic repetitive phenomenon, and causes a computer to function as the following means M1) to M4).
- M1 Time waveform acquisition means The time waveform is acquired by making the repetition period of the phenomenon coincide with the time width (observation time window) for observing the time waveform of the phenomenon.
- M2 Fourier transform spectrum calculation means A Fourier transform spectrum is calculated from the time waveform acquired by the time waveform acquisition means of M1.
- (M3) Repetitive Period Scanning Means In order to complement the gap of the discrete distribution spectrum, the repetitive frequency is scanned (the repetitive frequency is changed).
- (M4) Spectral superimposing means Each time waveform obtained by the M1 time waveform acquisition means is acquired by the M1 time waveform acquisition means by the M3 repetition period scanning means, and each time obtained by the M2 Fourier transform spectrum calculation means. A spectrum, that is, each spectrum having a different repetition period is superimposed to obtain a refined spectrum in which gaps between discrete distribution spectra are complemented.
- FIG. 18 shows a processing flow of the Fourier transform type spectroscopic measurement program.
- the Fourier transform type spectroscopic measurement program acquires the current time waveform by matching the repetitive period of the phenomenon with the observation time window. Then, a Fourier transform spectrum is calculated from the acquired time waveform. Then, the repetition frequency is scanned in order to complement the gap of the discrete distribution spectrum. Scan as many times as necessary to compensate for gaps in the discrete distribution spectrum. Then, by scanning the repetitive period, the time waveform of the phenomenon in which the repetitive period is changed is acquired, and each spectrum (each spectrum having a different repetitive period) obtained by Fourier transforming them is superimposed to obtain a gap between the discrete distribution spectra. To obtain a refined spectrum supplemented with
- FIG. 19 shows an internal configuration of computer hardware that executes a Fourier transform type spectroscopic measurement program.
- the internal configuration of the computer hardware includes a CPU 111, a ROM 112, a hard disk 113, a keyboard 114, a mouse 115, a display 116, an optical drive 117, and a RAM 118, and is connected to a system bus 119.
- the ROM 112 stores a program such as a boot up program for starting the computer.
- the RAM 118 temporarily stores instructions of the Fourier transform type spectroscopic measurement program and provides a temporary storage space.
- the hard disk 113 stores a Fourier transform type spectroscopic measurement program, a system program, and data.
- the keyboard 114 and the mouse 115 receive commands from a computer operator.
- the display 116 displays output data in the Fourier transform type spectroscopic measurement program.
- the computer may include a network interface (not shown) for connecting to a network.
- the Fourier transform type spectroscopic measurement program includes a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) device, a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device, a terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) device, a Fourier transform type infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) device, Computer hardware (CPU, ROM, hard disk, etc.) provided as standard equipment for Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FT-MS), Fourier transform optical spectrum analyzer, and Fourier transform spectrum analyzer can be used in common. It can be installed as an additional option of the standard program.
- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- MRI nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
- THz-TDS terahertz time domain spectroscopy
- FT-IR Fourier transform type infrared spectroscopy
- Computer hardware CPU, ROM, hard disk, etc.
- FT-MS Fourier transform optical spectrum analyzer
- Fourier transform spectrum analyzer can be used in common. It can be installed as an additional option of the
- Example 1 the results of evaluating the usefulness of the Fourier transform type spectroscopy of the present invention in THz-TDS using low-pressure water vapor as a sample have been described.
- Example 3 taking the measurement of the absorption line of acetonitrile gas (CH 3 CN) as an example, the usefulness of the Fourier transform type spectroscopy of the present invention in THz-TDS will be described.
- Acetonitrile is one of the interstellar materials, and in the field of space astronomy, research to measure the absorption line of acetonitrile is considered important for the purpose of knowing the physical state of the universe.
- Acetonitrile is a symmetric top-shaped molecule, and the frequency v of the absorption line due to rotational transition is represented by the following formula (8).
- D J and D JK are the centrifugal strain constants due to molecular rotation
- J is the total angular momentum rotational quantum number
- K is the molecular symmetrical axial rotational quantum number.
- the measurement was performed with the pressure set to 30 Pa.
- the mode locking frequency was changed 20 times so that each plot interval of the spectrum was 12.5 MHz in the vicinity of 0.65 THz.
- FIG. 20 shows the amplitude spectrum of the entire spectrum. Periodic absorption lines of acetonitrile molecules can be confirmed around 0.3 to 1.0 THz.
- FIG. 21 shows an absorption spectrum in the range of 0.6 to 0.7 THz. It can be confirmed that six absorption lines of acetonitrile molecules are present at an interval of about 18.4 GHz which is almost the same as the predicted value.
- FIG. 22 shows a curve obtained by fitting each plot (indicated by a circle in the figure) with a Lorentz function.
- the mode synchronization frequency is set so that the spectrum plot interval is further shifted 20 times by 1.25 MHz around 0.6432 THz. Changed.
- FIG. 23 shows an absorption spectrum obtained by superimposing a plurality of discrete distribution spectra by changing the mode synchronization frequency, and expanding the vicinity of 0.6432 THz.
- the spectral accuracy is also matched within a half range (0.625 MHz) of the frequency scanning step 1.25 MHz, and high accuracy is obtained.
- the mode-locked frequency is changed, a plurality of discrete distribution spectra are superimposed, and the gap between each plot of the acquired discrete distribution spectra is complemented. It will be seen that the method combines the broadband characteristics of THz-TDS and the high spectral resolution of CW-THS spectroscopy, and further that the spectral accuracy is guaranteed by the microwave frequency standard.
- the present invention relates to a terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) apparatus, a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) apparatus, a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) apparatus, a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) apparatus, and a Fourier transform mass spectrometry. It can be used for Fourier transform type spectroscopic devices such as a device (FT-MS), a Fourier transform optical spectrum analyzer device, and a Fourier transform spectrum analyzer.
- Time waveform 20 Frequency signal 31, 41, 42 Femtosecond laser 32 Beam splitter 33 Time delay scanning stage 34 THz generating element 35 THz detecting element 36, 36a, 36b Condensing lens 51, 52 Fiber laser 53 Rubidium atomic clock 54 Laser controller 55 SFG cross-correlator 56 Digitizer 57 Amplifier 58 Optical fiber 60 Gas cell 61 Optical fiber end 62 Condensing lens
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Abstract
Description
ある周期信号を考えた場合、時間領域で観測された時間波形信号h(t)と周波数領域で観測されたスペクトル信号H(f)は、下記数式に示すようにフーリエ変換(数式(1))および逆フーリエ変換(数式(2))によって結ばれている。
例えば、回折分光器に代表される分散型分光計による光波の分光計測では、光波を分散素子(回折格子、プリズムなど)で波長毎に空間的に分離し、スリットによって特定の波長成分のみを抽出することにより、スペクトルを取得していた。
しかし、コンピュータの登場により、フーリエ変換を行うことが極めて容易になったため、フーリエ変換型分光法、すなわち、測定信号強度の時間変化を測定してからフーリエ変換することで周波数ごとのスペクトルを取得することが可能になった。
1)全スペクトル領域を同時に観測するため、信号強度が強い。
フーリエ変換型分光法における干渉信号の測定時には、入力全スペクトル領域を同時に観測するため、信号強度が強く、結果として高い信号雑音比が得られる。
2)スリットが不要なので、分散型分光器よりも明るい光学系が使用可能である。
分散型分光計と異なりスリットが不要で、分散型分光計よりも明るい光学系が使用できるため、高い光学的スループットが実現でき高い信号雑音比が得られる。
3)連続スペクトルを計測でき、スペクトル精度が高い。
連続した波長の光を観測でき、波数精度が非常に高い。
4)様々な電磁波領域で利用可能である。
図1は、観測信号の時間波形と、フーリエ変換によって取得される振幅スペクトルを示している。フーリエ変換型分光法におけるスペクトル分解能は、時間波形を観測する時間幅(観測時間窓)の逆数によって決まる。
したがって、観測時間窓を大きくすればするほどスペクトル分解能は向上することになるが、周期的に繰り返す信号を観測する場合には、設定可能な観測時間窓は繰り返し周期になるため、得られるスペクトル分解能の上限は繰り返し周波数(理論限界スペクトル分解能)で制限される。しかし、測定信号の大部分は時間的に局在している場合、観測時間窓の拡大はノイズ信号成分を増大させ、測定SN比を低下させる。
一方、スペクトル確度は、時間波形観測の時間精度に依存する。
分光分析における物質識別能力を今まで以上に向上させるためには、更なるスペクトル分解能とスペクトル確度の向上が必要である。
本発明は、THz-TDSを含めたフーリエ変換型分光におけるスペクトル分解能の制限を解消し、理論上、無限小のスペクトル分解(スペクトル分解能が無限大)を実現すると共に、スペクトル確度を大幅に向上できるものである。
上記状況に鑑みて、本発明では、フーリエ変換型分光におけるスペクトル分解能の制限を解消し、理論上、無限小のスペクトル分解を実現すると共に、スペクトル確度を大幅に向上できるフーリエ変換型分光法、分光装置および分光計測プログラムを提供することを目的とする。
上記の離散分布スペクトルの各プロットは、fnが各プロットの周波数、nがプロットの次数(整数)として、下記数式3が成立する。
上記の観測時間窓Tにおいて、繰り返し周期と一致させる替わりに、繰り返し周期よりも短い時間で現象を観測して時間波形を取得し、取得した時間波形データに対して繰り返し周期に一致させるように時間波形データを補間して(例えば、0データの補間)、繰り返し周期と一致した時間波形を取得することでも構わない。ただし、繰り返し周期と補間後のデータは、厳密に一致させる必要がある。この場合、繰り返し周期と観測時間窓Tを一致させて時間波形を取得する場合より、データ補間部分の時間波形の欠損があるためフーリエ変換スペクトルの確度が低下するデメリットが生ずる。
繰り返し周波数を変化させて取得した離散分布スペクトルの各プロットの間の間隙を補完することにより、微細化スペクトルを取得する。また、繰り返し周期を正確かつ十分に安定化することにより、スペクトル分解能のみならず、スペクトル確度も大幅に向上できる。
また、繰り返し周期の整数分の1の時間間隔で時間波形データを離散化して取得した、或いは、前記繰り返し現象の周期を時間波形データの離散化時間間隔の整数倍に設定して取得した、前記繰り返し周期1周期分の離散化した時間波形データを離散フーリエ変換することにより離散分布スペクトルを得ることがより好ましい。フーリエ変換スペクトルの確度をより高めることができる。
これにより、繰り返し周期であるパルス周期の安定化を図ることができる。
これにより、繰り返し周期の安定化を図ることができる。
本発明のフーリエ変換型分光装置は、周期的な繰り返し現象を観測するフーリエ変換型分光装置において、現象の繰り返し周期と、現象の時間波形を観測する時間幅(観測時間窓T)と、を一致させて時間波形を取得する手段と、取得した時間波形からフーリエ変換することにより、観測時間窓Tの逆数を周波数データ間隔とする離散分布スペクトルを取得する手段と、を備える。
かかる構成によって、現象の存在時間が繰り返し周期よりも長い観測対象の場合に、取得した離散分布スペクトルのスペクトル分解が無限小(スペクトル分解能が無限大)となり、スペクトル確度を向上できる。
なお、上記の離散分布スペクトルの各プロットは、fnが各プロットの周波数、nがプロットの次数(整数)として、上述の数式3が成立する。
繰り返し周期を変化させて取得した離散分布スペクトルの各プロットの間の間隙を補完し、微細化スペクトルを取得することにより、スペクトル分解能が大幅に向上できる。また、繰り返し周期を正確かつ安定化することにより、スペクトル確度も大幅に向上できる。
この場合、テラヘルツ時間領域分光法に用いる光源として、レーザーパルスの繰り返し周波数(モード同期周波数)が異なる2台のフェムト秒レーザー手段を備える。
2台のフェムト秒レーザー手段の各々のモード同期周波数は、周波数標準器を基準として正確かつ十分に安定化され、かつ、モード同期周波数の差が所定の一定値に保持されるように2台のフェムト秒レーザー手段をそれぞれ独立して同時に制御する。
そして、一方のフェムト秒レーザーの出力光をTHz発生用ポンプ光として用い、他方のフェムト秒レーザーの出力光をTHz検出用プローブパルス光として用いる。
これにより、繰り返し周期であるパルス周期の安定化を図ることができる。
この場合、フーリエ変換型赤外分光法に用いる光源として、レーザーパルスの繰り返し周波数(モード同期周波数)が異なる2台のフェムト秒レーザー手段を備える。
2台のフェムト秒レーザーの各々のモード同期周波数は、周波数標準器を基準として安定化され、かつ、モード同期周波数の差が所定の一定値に保持されるように2台のフェムト秒レーザーをそれぞれ独立して同時に制御する。
そして、一方のフェムト秒レーザーの出力光をサンプル計測用赤外光発生のために用い、他方のフェムト秒レーザーの出力光をヘテロダイン干渉用局部発振器赤外光発生のために用いる。
これにより、繰り返し周期の安定化を図ることができる。
本発明のフーリエ変換型分光計測プログラムは、周期的な繰り返し現象を観測するフーリエ変換型分光計測プログラムであって、コンピュータを、現象の繰り返し周期と、現象の時間波形を観測する時間幅(観測時間窓T)と、を一致させて時間波形を取得する手段、取得した時間波形からフーリエ変換することにより、観測時間窓Tの逆数を周波数データ間隔とする離散分布スペクトルを取得する手段、として機能させるためのプログラムである。
このプログラムによって、現象の存在時間が繰り返し周期よりも長い観測対象の場合に、取得した離散分布スペクトルのスペクトル分解が無限小(スペクトル分解能が無限大)となり、スペクトル確度を向上できる。
なお、上記の離散分布スペクトルの各プロットは、fnが各プロットの周波数、nがプロットの次数(整数)として、上述の数式3が成立する。
繰り返し周期を変化させて取得した離散分布スペクトルの各プロットの間の間隙を補完し、微細化スペクトルを取得することにより、スペクトル分解能のみならず、スペクトル確度も大幅に向上できる。
いずれの装置の場合も、繰り返し現象を観測するものであり、スペクトル分解能とスペクトル確度を向上することが可能である。
本発明を利用すると、核磁気共鳴分光法(NMR),フーリエ変換光スペクトラム・アナライザー,フーリエ変換スペクトラム・アナライザーなどのフーリエ変換型分光法のハード面を大幅に改造することなく、性能を大幅に向上できるようになる。フーリエ変換型分光法におけるスペクトル分解能とスペクトル確度の向上は、各種物質同定の識別能力を高め、各種機器の高性能化につながる。その結果、半導体や分析化学の分野における利用を更に促進する。また、FT-NMRをコンピュータ断層撮影法に応用した核磁気共鳴画像法(MRI)においても、生体断層画像の高精細化に繋がる可能性がある。
実施例を説明する前に、本発明の原理について図を参照しながら詳細に説明する。
時間波形信号h(t)を取得し、そのスペクトル波形H(f)をフーリエ変換によって取得する場合を想定する。測定信号h(t)のある周波数成分fを得るためには、前述のフーリエ変換(数式(1))から、測定信号h(t)と観測したい周波数信号cos2πftの掛け算を行い、時間領域で積分することによって算出される(図2を参照、実数部のみについて記述。)。
さらに、各周波数成分に対して同様な処理を行うことにより、スペクトル波形を取得できる。ここで、時間積分領域の大きさ(観測時間窓に相当)が、スペクトル分解能を決定することになる。
したがって、スペクトル分解能を向上するためには、時間積分領域(観測時間窓)を大きく取る必要があるが、通常は必要なスペクトル分解能、測定SN比、測定時間、観測時間窓の技術的制限などを考慮して、有限の観測時間窓で計測が行われる。
図3は、繰り返し周期よりも長い緩和信号を繰り返し現象として観測するイメージ図を示している。図3の場合、異なるタイミングの4つのパルスによって励起され、時間的に異なった4つの緩和現象信号(直近の信号10,1つ前の信号11,2つ前の信号12,3つ前の信号13)が時間的に重なった状態となる。
図5のように、1周期で観測された繰り返し現象のフーリエ変換スペクトルを求めるためには、時間領域(A),(B),(C),(D)に含まれる各緩和信号の和と観測したい周波数信号cos2πftの掛け算を時間領域で積分すればよい。
すなわち、繰り返し周期に等しい観測時間窓であるにも関わらず、それよりも十分に長い緩和現象の信号を無限長の観測時間窓(時間積分領域)で測定することと等価になり、スペクトル分解は理論上無限小となり、スペクトル分解能が無限大となるのである。
また、図7は、スペクトルを構成するプロット分布の様子(プロット間隔1/T)を示している。図7(a)は、無限小スペクトル幅で切り出されたプロットの離散分布(本発明の場合)であり、一方、図7(b)は、平均値で与えられたプロットの連続分布(従来方法の場合)である。
単一現象h(t)を、h(t)の最大周波数の2倍以上のサンプリング周波数で取得すると、サンプリング定理より、その情報を失わずに離散化できる。
h(t)の最大周波数の2倍以上のサンプリング周波数で取得したスペクトルは、フーリエ級数展開を用いて、下記数式(4)で表すことができる。ここで、mは、整数でありτはサンプリング間隔である。ここで、サンプリング定理を満たすために、1/τは、h(t)の最大周波数の2倍以上でなければならない。
上記数式(6)は、下記数式(7)に展開することができる。
各プロットが有する無限小のスペクトル分解(無限大のスペクトル分解能)を有効利用するためには、各プロットの間に存在する間隙部分を補完する必要がある。そのためには、パルス周期Tを変化させながら、図7(a)のスペクトル波形を逐次取得し、それらを最終的に重ねて補完することにより、より狭いプロット間隔を有するスペクトルを得ることが可能になる(図9を参照)。
これは、上記数式(3)において、パルス周期Tを変化させながら、離散的なスペクトル情報を計測することと等価である。その結果、実用上プロット点数の増大分だけ、スペクトル分解能が大幅に向上する。
しかし、従来の機械式時間遅延走査ポンプ・プローブ法を用いた装置構成では、繰り返し周期であるパルス周期に等しい観測時間窓を実現するのに技術的困難を伴う(数メートル以上の時間遅延走査ステージ33が必要)。また、フェムト秒レーザー光によって発生させたTHzパルスの周期を正確かつ十分に安定化することも困難である。このような理由から、従来の機械式時間遅延走査ポンプ・プローブ法を用いた装置で、本発明のフーリエ変換型分光法を実施するのは容易でない。
さらに、プロット間隔を走査して、スペクトルを重ね合わせ、プロット間隙の補完により、更なるスペクトル分解能の向上とスペクトル確度を高めることができる。
2台のフェムト秒ファイバーレーザー(51,52)(平均パワー500mW、中心波長1550nm、パルス幅50fs)のパルス周波数(f1,f2)をルビジウム原子時計53に位相同期することにより、パルス周波数(f1,f2)およびパルス周波数差がわずかに異なるようにレーザー制御54する(f1=250,000,000Hz,f2=250,000,050Hz、Δf=f2-f1=50Hz)。ファイバーレーザー1(51)をポンプレーザーとして用い、ファイバーレーザー2(52)をプローブレーザーとして用いる。
次に、低圧状態の水蒸気をサンプルに用いて、THz-TDSにおける本発明のフーリエ変換型分光法の有用性を評価した結果を説明する。低圧状態の水蒸気は、回転遷移に伴う鋭い吸収線をTHz領域において示し、その吸収線幅は圧力によって調節できる(以下、“理論吸収線幅”と称する)。そこで、水蒸気と窒素の混合ガスを、ガスセル(長さ500mm、直径40mm)に封入し、0.557THz付近の理論吸収線幅(回転遷移110->101)が十分に狭線幅となるような低圧状態に保ちながら、スペクトル分解能の評価を行った。
まず、水蒸気による吸収緩和現象が繰り返し周期(4ns)よりも長く継続するよう、理論吸収線幅が10MHzとなるように圧力調節した。低圧状態の水蒸気のサンプルとして、水蒸気と窒素の混合ガス(水蒸気6Pa;窒素140Pa)を用いた。理論吸収線幅10MHzの吸収現象は、時間領域において、理論吸収線幅の逆数である100nsの時間をかけて吸収が緩和していくことになる。緩和時間100nsは、繰り返し周期(4ns)の25周期分に相当する。
本発明(離散分布スペクトル間隙の補完無し),本発明(離散分布スペクトル間隙の補完有り)および従来方法(ゼロ・フィリング法)という3つの場合について、理論吸収線幅および観測吸収線幅の圧力依存性を比較した結果を図16のグラフに示している。ここで、図中の点線は、理論吸収線幅の理論曲線である。
図17は、フーリエ変換型分光計測プログラムの機能ブロック図を示している。
実施例2のフーリエ変換型分光計測プログラムは、周期的な繰り返し現象を観測するプログラムであり、コンピュータを下記のM1)~M4)の手段として機能させる。
(M1)時間波形取得手段
現象の繰り返し周期と、現象の時間波形を観測する時間幅(観測時間窓)と、を一致させて時間波形を取得する。
(M2)フーリエ変換スペクトル算出手段
上記M1の時間波形取得手段により取得した時間波形からフーリエ変換スペクトルを算出する。
(M3)繰り返し周期走査手段
離散分布スペクトルの間隙を補完するために、繰り返し周波数を走査する(繰り返し周波数を変化させる)。
(M4)スペクトル重畳手段
上記M3の繰り返し周期走査手段により、繰り返し周期が変化した現象の時間波形を、上記M1の時間波形取得手段で取得し、上記M2のフーリエ変換スペクトル算出手段で得られた各スペクトル、すなわち、異なる繰り返し周期の各スペクトルを重畳して、離散分布スペクトルの間隙が補完された微細化スペクトルを取得する。
フーリエ変換型分光計測プログラムは、周期的な繰り返し現象を観測すべく、現象の繰り返し周期と観測時間窓を一致させて、現状の時間波形を取得する。そして、取得した時間波形からフーリエ変換スペクトルを算出する。そして、離散分布スペクトルの間隙を補完するために、繰り返し周波数を走査する。離散分布スペクトルの間隙を補完するために必要なだけ走査を行う。
そして、繰り返し周期の走査により、繰り返し周期が変化した現象の時間波形を取得し、それらをフーリエ変換して得られた各スペクトル(異なる繰り返し周期の各スペクトル)を重畳して、離散分布スペクトルの間隙が補完された微細化スペクトルを取得する。
実施例3では、アセトニトリルガス(CH3CN)の吸収線の計測を例に挙げ、THz-TDSにおける本発明のフーリエ変換型分光法の有用性を説明する。
アセトニトリルは、星間物質のひとつであり、宇宙天文学の分野でも宇宙の物理状態を知る目的で、アセトニトリルの吸収線を計測する研究は重要と考えられている。アセトニトリルは対称コマ型分子であり、回転遷移による吸収線の周波数vは、下記式式(8)で表される。
DJ,DJKは、係数Bに比べて非常に小さいので、広い範囲で観察すると、吸収線は周波数2B(=18.4GHz)でほぼ等間隔で現れることから、下記数式(9)で表される。
J=34~35遷移付近の微細構造を観測するために、0.65THz付近でスペクトルの各プロット間隔が12.5MHzずつになるように、モード同期周波数を20回変化させた。
図20に、スペクトル全体の振幅スペクトルを示す。0.3~1.0THz付近にアセトニトリル分子の周期的吸収線が確認できる。
Administration)データベースから引用したアセトニトリル分子の絶対周波数と積分強度を示している。
図22から、量子数Kによる微細構造が確認することができ、K=2~10を識別することができることがわかる。
上記のことから、本発明のフーリエ変換型分光法であって、モード同期周波数を変化させて、複数の離散分布スペクトルを重畳して、取得した離散分布スペクトルの各プロットの間の間隙を補完する方法では、THz-TDSの広帯域特性とCW-THz分光法の高いスペクトル分解能を併せ持ち、さらにスペクトル確度がマイクロ波周波数標準によって担保されていることがわかるであろう。
上記の実施例では、テラヘルツ時間領域分光装置(THz-TDS)に適用する例を説明したが、その他、核磁気共鳴分光装置(NMR),核磁気共鳴画像装置(MRI),フーリエ変換型赤外分光(FT-IR)装置,フーリエ変換質量分析装置(FT-MS),フーリエ変換光スペクトラム・アナライザー装置,フーリエ変換スペクトラム・アナライザーに、本発明のフーリエ変換型分光法を適用し、またフーリエ変換型分光計測プログラムを搭載できる。
20 周波数信号
31,41,42 フェムト秒レーザー
32 ビームスプリッター
33 時間遅延走査ステージ
34 THz発生素子
35 THz検出素子
36,36a,36b 集光レンズ
51,52 ファイバーレーザー
53 ルビジウム原子時計
54 レーザー制御装置
55 SFG相互相関計
56 デジタイザー
57 増幅器
58 光ファイバー
60 ガスセル
61 光ファイバー端
62 集光レンズ
Claims (14)
- 周期的な繰り返し現象を観測するフーリエ変換型分光法(フーリエ変換型周波数解析法)において、
現象の繰り返し周期と、現象の時間波形を観測する時間幅(観測時間窓T)と、を一致させて時間波形を取得し、フーリエ変換することにより、前記観測時間窓Tの逆数を周波数データ間隔とする離散分布スペクトルを取得し、
上記の離散分布スペクトルの各プロットは、fnが各プロットの周波数、nがプロットの次数(整数)として、下記数式1が成立し、
現象の存在時間が前記繰り返し周期よりも長い観測対象の場合に、取得した離散分布スペクトルのスペクトル分解が無限小(スペクトル分解能が無限大)となり、スペクトル確度が向上し得る、ことを特徴とするフーリエ変換型分光法。
(数1)
fn=n/T ・・・(式1) - 前記観測時間窓Tにおいて、前記現象の繰り返し周期と一致させる替わりに、前記繰り返し周期よりも短い時間で現象を観測して時間波形を取得し、取得した時間波形データに対して繰り返し周期に一致させるように時間波形データを補間し、繰り返し周期と一致した時間波形を取得する、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のフーリエ変換型分光法。
- 前記繰り返し周期を変化させるステップと、
繰り返し周期を変化させた後の時間波形を取得し、フーリエ変換することにより、離散分布スペクトルを取得するステップと、
異なる繰り返し周期の複数の離散分布スペクトルを重畳するステップと、
を更に備え、
上記の取得した離散分布スペクトルの各プロットの間の間隙を補完することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のフーリエ変換型分光法。 - 前記繰り返し周期を、周波数標準器を基準として安定化させた、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のフーリエ変換分光法。
- 前記繰り返し周期の整数分の1の時間間隔で時間波形データを離散化して取得した、或いは、前記繰り返し現象の周期を時間波形データの離散化時間間隔の整数倍に設定して取得した、前記繰り返し周期1周期分の離散化した時間波形データを離散フーリエ変換することにより離散分布スペクトルを得る、ことを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のフーリエ変換分光法。
- テラヘルツ時間領域分光法(THz-TDS)に用いられ、
テラヘルツ時間領域分光法に用いる光源として、レーザーパルスの繰り返し周波数(モード同期周波数)が異なる2台のフェムト秒レーザーを用い、
前記2台のフェムト秒レーザーの各々のモード同期周波数が周波数標準器を基準として安定化され、かつ、モード同期周波数の差が所定の一定値に保持されるように2台のフェムト秒レーザーをそれぞれ独立して同時に制御し、
一方のフェムト秒レーザーの出力光をTHz発生用ポンプ光として用い、他方のフェムト秒レーザーの出力光をTHz検出用プローブパルス光として用い、
前記繰り返し周期の安定化を図る、
ことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のフーリエ変換型分光法。 - フーリエ変換型赤外分光法(FT-IR)に用いられ、
フーリエ変換型赤外分光法に用いる光源として、レーザーパルスの繰り返し周波数(モード同期周波数)が異なる2台のフェムト秒レーザーを用い、
前記2台のフェムト秒レーザーの各々のモード同期周波数が周波数標準器を基準として安定化され、かつ、モード同期周波数の差が所定の一定値に保持されるように2台のフェムト秒レーザーをそれぞれ独立して同時に制御し、
一方のフェムト秒レーザーの出力光をサンプル計測用赤外光発生のために用い、他方のフェムト秒レーザーの出力光をヘテロダイン干渉用局部発振器赤外光発生のために用い、
前記繰り返し周期の安定化を図る、
ことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のフーリエ変換型分光法。 - 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のフーリエ変換型分光法を用いた、
核磁気共鳴分光(NMR)装置,核磁気共鳴画像(MRI)装置,テラヘルツ時間領域分光(THz-TDS)装置,フーリエ変換型赤外分光(FT-IR)装置,フーリエ変換質量分析(FT-MS)装置,フーリエ変換光スペクトラム・アナライザー,フーリエ変換スペクトラム・アナライザーのいずれかのフーリエ変換型分光装置。 - 周期的な繰り返し現象を観測するフーリエ変換型分光装置において、
現象の繰り返し周期と、現象の時間波形を観測する時間幅(観測時間窓T)と、を一致させて時間波形を取得する手段と、
取得した時間波形からフーリエ変換することにより、前記観測時間窓Tの逆数を周波数データ間隔とする離散分布スペクトルを取得する手段と、
を備え、
上記の離散分布スペクトルの各プロットは、fnが各プロットの周波数、nがプロットの次数(整数)として、下記数式2が成立し、
現象の存在時間が前記繰り返し周期よりも長い観測対象の場合に、取得した離散分布スペクトルのスペクトル分解が無限小(スペクトル分解能が無限大)となり、スペクトル確度が向上し得る、
ことを特徴とするフーリエ変換型分光装置。
(数2)
fn=n/T ・・・(式2) - 前記繰り返し周期を変化させる手段と、
異なる繰り返し周期の複数の離散分布スペクトルを重畳する手段と、
を更に備え、
上記の取得した離散分布スペクトルの各プロットの間の間隙を補完することを特徴とする請求項9に記載のフーリエ変換型分光装置。 - テラヘルツ時間領域分光法(THz-TDS)を行うテラヘルツ時間領域分光装置において、
テラヘルツ時間領域分光法に用いる光源として、レーザーパルスの繰り返し周波数(モード同期周波数)が異なる2台のフェムト秒レーザー手段を備え、
前記2台のフェムト秒レーザー手段の各々のモード同期周波数が周波数標準器を基準として安定化され、かつ、モード同期周波数の差が所定の一定値に保持されるように2台のフェムト秒レーザー手段をそれぞれ独立して同時に制御し、
一方のフェムト秒レーザーの出力光をTHz発生用ポンプ光として用い、他方のフェムト秒レーザーの出力光をTHz検出用プローブパルス光として用い、
前記繰り返し周期の安定化を図る、
ことを特徴とする請求項9又は10に記載のフーリエ変換型分光装置。 - フーリエ変換型赤外分光法(FT-IR)を行うフーリエ変換型赤外分光装置において、
フーリエ変換型赤外分光法に用いる光源として、レーザーパルスの繰り返し周波数(モード同期周波数)が異なる2台のフェムト秒レーザー手段を備え、
前記2台のフェムト秒レーザーの各々のモード同期周波数が周波数標準器を基準として安定化され、かつ、モード同期周波数の差が所定の一定値に保持されるように2台のフェムト秒レーザーをそれぞれ独立して同時に制御し、
一方のフェムト秒レーザーの出力光をサンプル計測用赤外光発生のために用い、他方のフェムト秒レーザーの出力光をヘテロダイン干渉用局部発振器赤外光発生のために用い、
前記繰り返し周期の安定化を図る、
ことを特徴とする請求項9又は10に記載のフーリエ変換型分光装置。 - 周期的な繰り返し現象を観測するフーリエ変換型分光計測プログラムであって、
コンピュータを、
現象の繰り返し周期と、現象の時間波形を観測する時間幅(観測時間窓T)と、を一致させて時間波形を取得する手段、
取得した時間波形からフーリエ変換することにより、前記観測時間窓Tの逆数を周波数データ間隔とする離散分布スペクトルを取得する手段、
として機能させるプログラムであって、
上記の離散分布スペクトルの各プロットは、fnが各プロットの周波数、nがプロットの次数(整数)として、下記数式3が成立し、
現象の存在時間が前記繰り返し周期よりも長い観測対象の場合に、取得した離散分布スペクトルのスペクトル分解が無限小(スペクトル分解能が無限大)となり、スペクトル確度が向上し得る、
ことを特徴とするフーリエ変換型分光計測プログラム。
(数3)
fn=n/T ・・・(式3) - コンピュータを、
前記繰り返し周期を変化させる手段、
異なる繰り返し周期の複数の離散分布スペクトルを重畳する手段、
を更に備え、
上記の取得した離散分布スペクトルの各プロットの間の間隙を補完することを特徴とする請求項13に記載のフーリエ変換型分光計測プログラム。
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