WO2014033798A1 - 液体採取装置およびその方法 - Google Patents
液体採取装置およびその方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014033798A1 WO2014033798A1 PCT/JP2012/005574 JP2012005574W WO2014033798A1 WO 2014033798 A1 WO2014033798 A1 WO 2014033798A1 JP 2012005574 W JP2012005574 W JP 2012005574W WO 2014033798 A1 WO2014033798 A1 WO 2014033798A1
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- flow path
- liquid
- suction
- collected
- blood
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
- A61B5/155—Devices specially adapted for continuous or multiple sampling, e.g. at predetermined intervals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
- A61B5/150007—Details
- A61B5/150015—Source of blood
- A61B5/15003—Source of blood for venous or arterial blood
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
- A61B5/150007—Details
- A61B5/150206—Construction or design features not otherwise provided for; manufacturing or production; packages; sterilisation of piercing element, piercing device or sampling device
- A61B5/150221—Valves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
- A61B5/150007—Details
- A61B5/150206—Construction or design features not otherwise provided for; manufacturing or production; packages; sterilisation of piercing element, piercing device or sampling device
- A61B5/150229—Pumps for assisting the blood sampling
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
- A61B5/150007—Details
- A61B5/150206—Construction or design features not otherwise provided for; manufacturing or production; packages; sterilisation of piercing element, piercing device or sampling device
- A61B5/150236—Pistons, i.e. cylindrical bodies that sit inside the syringe barrel, typically with an air tight seal, and slide in the barrel to create a vacuum or to expel blood
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
- A61B5/150007—Details
- A61B5/150206—Construction or design features not otherwise provided for; manufacturing or production; packages; sterilisation of piercing element, piercing device or sampling device
- A61B5/150244—Rods for actuating or driving the piston, i.e. the cylindrical body that sits inside the syringe barrel, typically with an air tight seal, and slides in the barrel to create a vacuum or to expel blood
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
- A61B5/150992—Blood sampling from a fluid line external to a patient, such as a catheter line, combined with an infusion line; blood sampling from indwelling needle sets, e.g. sealable ports, luer couplings, valves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
- A61B5/153—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of venous or arterial blood, e.g. with syringes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
- A61B5/157—Devices characterised by integrated means for measuring characteristics of blood
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2503/00—Evaluating a particular growth phase or type of persons or animals
- A61B2503/40—Animals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid collecting apparatus and method for separating and collecting liquids to be collected in time series.
- a blood collection device that collects blood, that is, collects blood
- the blood collection device is used for quantitative analysis in nuclear medicine diagnosis (for example, PET (Positron Emission Tomography)).
- nuclear medicine diagnosis in order to quantitatively analyze biological function information such as neuroreceptor concentration and tumor metabolism, it is necessary to measure the time-dependent change in drug concentration in arterial blood plasma, that is, radioactivity concentration.
- the following methods are employed as automatic blood collection devices for measuring blood radioactivity concentration (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 and Non-Patent Documents 1 to 3). These devices are used for measuring the radioactivity concentration in arterial blood of small animals (eg, mice and rats). Note that the automatic blood collection device of Patent Document 2 has a different purpose from other methods.
- Patent Document 1 This is a system for guiding arterial blood spontaneously generated by mouse blood pressure onto a microchip (element) MC as shown in FIG.
- the microchip MC is filled with one main flow path F M , selectable branch flow path F B , and heparin solution H used for flow path cleaning and blood discharge, or heparin solution H used the bypass F N for bleeding blood B are arranged.
- To each of the previous branch flow paths F B are disposed a container, one of the branch flow paths F B, argon gas Gas pressure of gas supplied to the microchip MC, it is selected by the mechanism of the microchip MC It is comprised so that. Pouring the blood B in one of the branch flow paths F B has been selected.
- Each flow path F M, F B is, are formed in those grooves in a predetermined size with respect to the microchip MC, knowing the groove length or groove area of the blood B was poured, the blood B It is a feature of the microchip MC that a minute volume is defined.
- the blood B is fed into a predetermined receiving container (not shown) by the press-fitting of the heparin solution H in a state where the predetermined volume of blood B is filled in the flow path by the defined minute volume.
- each flow path F M, the F B was washed with heparin solution H, ready for the next blood collection. Blood B in the receiving container is sucked into a separate container together with physiological saline, and the radiation in blood B is counted by a well counter.
- Non-Patent Document 2 the radioactive concentration in the blood is measured by installing a radiation detector in the form of sandwiching the catheter in the middle of the catheter inserted into the artery.
- the diode has an elongated shape with a length of 30 [mm], and by piping a tube containing blood along the long side direction, the detectable area is increased and ⁇ + ray detection efficiency is ensured. ing.
- a syringe pump is connected to the other end of the catheter, blood is drawn by pulling the syringe pump at a constant speed, and the flow rate is obtained from the speed, and the volume is calculated from the inner diameter of the catheter to measure the radioactivity concentration.
- Non-Patent Document 3 In Non-Patent Document 3, as shown in FIG. 10, blood is returned to the vein V from the other end of the catheter C inserted into the artery A, and the LYSO detector D and the peristaltic pump P are installed in the middle of the catheter C.
- the ⁇ -rays generated by the disappearance of ⁇ + rays in the arterial blood flowing inside the catheter C enter the LYSO detector D and shine, and the light is counted in the collection box B through the optical fiber F.
- the flow rate of blood is controlled by the peristaltic pump P, and the control PC calculates the volume from the flow rate and the inner diameter of the catheter to measure the radioactivity concentration.
- Patent Document 2 The flow path is switched at the 5-way joint, and the discharge of blood and washing liquid and the collection of blood are repeated.
- Patent Document 2 there is a process of pushing back blood into the animal body. This process is performed every time blood collection is completed in order to reduce the blood loss.
- the pushed-back blood does not flow to the periphery of the artery but remains in the vicinity of the blood collection site, resulting in a problem that fresh blood is not collected.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid collecting apparatus and method for collecting a fresh liquid.
- the inventors have obtained the following knowledge as a result of research to solve the above problems.
- the liquid collection device is a liquid collection device that separates and collects liquids to be collected in time series, and has a flow path having a predetermined length, and is connected to the flow path to collect the collection target.
- Suction / discharge means for pushing and pulling the liquid, a first connection terminal for branching the flow path to the suction / discharge means side, a first opening / closing means for opening / closing the flow path on the suction / discharge means side, A second connection terminal for branching the flow path into a plurality of collection sources, a second opening / closing means for opening and closing the flow path branched at the second connection terminal, and a flow path branched at the first connection terminal; And a dropping port for dropping the collected liquid to be collected.
- the liquid can be collected regardless of the state of the liquid supply source (collection source) by actively pushing and pulling the liquid to be collected by the suction and discharge means.
- the liquid to be collected is blood
- blood can be collected even if the blood pressure decreases due to the physiological state of the animal.
- fluid can be collected even in situations where the animal's blood pressure has decreased.
- volume measuring means for example, optical The specified volume can be collected without measurement by the measuring means.
- the liquid sampling device can be reduced in size, and the vicinity of the liquid sampling source (eg, animal) can be obtained. As a result, it is possible to reduce the dead volume (which indicates an invalid volume) and eliminate the causes of distortion of the concentration waveform such as delay and dispersion.
- the first opening / closing means and the second opening / closing means are provided, and the liquid to be collected in the flow path branched from the collection source side which is the liquid supply side by the second connection terminal
- the second opening / closing means and the liquid to be collected is also flowed from the collection source side to the other flow path branched from the collection source side by the first connection terminal.
- the liquid to be collected can be continuously flown by the second opening / closing means. Therefore, the liquid to be collected that has flowed away from the collection source side is not pushed back to the collection source side (that is, upstream), and always keeps fresh liquid flowing away from the collection source side only when necessary (during collection). Thus, the liquid to be collected can be flowed through the flow path branched by the first connection terminal. As a result, a fresh liquid can be collected from a collection source that is a liquid supply source.
- An example of the flow path described above is a tube.
- the first opening / closing means or the second opening / closing means can be constituted by a pinch valve described later.
- An example of the first opening / closing means is a pinch valve that closes a flow path made of a tube by applying pressure from the outside of the tube and opens a flow path made of a tube by releasing the pressure from the outside of the tube. .
- the dead volume is small, and only the flow path composed of a tube needs to be replaced, and the first opening / closing means need not be replaced.
- the opening / closing means comprising a pinch valve
- the opening / closing means can be installed in the vicinity of the liquid supply source (collection source), further reducing the dead volume between the collection source and the opening / closing means, such as delay, dispersion, etc. It is possible to eliminate the cause of the distortion of the concentration waveform.
- a pinch valve can be installed in the vicinity of the animal that is the collection source.
- the tube can be formed with a thin diameter (thin diameter), if the thin tube is used as a flow path and opened and closed with a pinch valve, the diameter of the flow path through which the liquid flows is reduced. The volume of the flowing liquid can be reduced by reducing the volume of the liquid.
- the flow rate can be suppressed by reducing the volume of the liquid flowing by reducing the volume of the flow path.
- the liquid to be collected is blood
- blood loss due to continuing to flow blood can be minimized.
- the pinch valve may be configured to open and close one flow path made of a tube, or is configured to close one of two flow paths made of a tube when the other is opened. Also good. When the pinch valve is configured to close the other when one is opened, the two flow paths can be opened and closed with one pinch valve, and the components of the first opening / closing means can be reduced.
- an example of the second opening / closing means is a pinch valve.
- a pinch valve can be installed in the vicinity of the liquid supply source (collection source), and the dead volume between the collection source and the opening / closing means can be further reduced.
- the liquid collection device is a device for collecting blood (blood collection device).
- blood blood collection device
- physiological fluids other than blood for example, fluid containing lymph fluid or protein
- fluid containing a fluorescent agent for example, fluid containing a fluorescent agent, or an analyzer.
- a mixed solution or the like may be used.
- the liquid collection method is a liquid collection method for collecting liquids to be collected in time series, and the liquid collection device includes a flow path having a predetermined length and a flow path.
- a suction and discharge means for connecting and pushing and pulling the liquid to be collected, a first connection terminal for branching the flow path into a plurality of the suction and discharge means side, and a first for opening and closing the flow path on the suction and discharge means side Opening and closing means, a second connection terminal for branching the flow path into a plurality of collection sources, a second opening and closing means for opening and closing a flow path branched by the second connection terminal, and a flow branched by the first connection terminal
- a flow path that is connected to a channel and drops the collected liquid that is separated and collected, and the flow path that is closer to the suction and discharge means than the liquid that is the liquid to be collected is composed of at least one of liquid and gas
- the length and the sampling amount of the liquid to be sampled are measured by volume measuring means (for example, optical measuring means). A specified volume can be taken without measurement. Furthermore, the liquid to be collected flows through the flow path branched by the second connection terminal, and the liquid to be collected flows through the flow path branched by the first connection terminal to flow through the flow path branched by the first connection terminal. Since the liquid is collected with the highest priority, a fresh liquid can be collected from the collection source that is the liquid supply source.
- volume measuring means for example, optical measuring means
- the fluid filled in the flow path on the suction / discharge means side is sucked to the suction / discharge means side to suck the liquid to be collected, and the flow path on the suction / discharge means side is filled.
- the fluid to be collected is pushed back by pushing the fluid back to the collection source, and the first opening / closing means takes the first flow when the flow channel located upstream from the first connection terminal is the first flow channel.
- the suction / discharge means has a third flow path that is different from the second flow path connecting the dripping port among the plurality of flow paths branched at the first connection terminal.
- the suction / discharge means is configured to be connected to the third flow path, and the second The closing means opens and closes the fourth flow path when the flow path located downstream from the second connection terminal branched from the first flow path at the second connection terminal is the fourth flow path.
- the second opening / closing means is configured, the first opening / closing means opens the first flow path, the second flow path is closed, and the second opening / closing means opens the fourth flow path.
- the first discharge means opens the first flow path, closes the second flow path, and closes the fourth flow path by the second open / close means, and the suction discharge means
- the boundary between the upstream end of the fluid and the liquid to be collected is a suction discharge means more than the first connection terminal
- the first suction step for sucking the liquid, and after the first suction step, the first flow path is closed by the first opening / closing means, In the state where the two flow paths are opened and the fourth flow path is opened by the second opening / closing means, the fluid is pushed back together with the liquid to be collected drawn in the first suction step, and the second flow path is opened.
- a second suction / third outflow step of flowing the liquid on the collection source side to the fourth flow path while sucking the liquid to be collected by sucking the fluid more. is there.
- the liquid sampling method including such a step, the first outflow step, the first suction step, the second outflow step, and the second suction / third outflow step are sequentially performed, so that the fourth branched at the second connection terminal.
- the liquid to be collected flows through the flow path, the liquid to be collected flows through the second flow path branched at the first connection terminal, and the liquid flowing through the second flow path branched at the first connection terminal It will be collected with the highest priority. Therefore, a fresh liquid can be collected efficiently.
- the first channel is opened by the first opening / closing means, the second channel is closed, and the fourth channel is opened by the second opening / closing unit. Then, until the upstream end of the fluid is positioned at the second connection terminal, the fluid on the collection source side is moved to the fourth by pushing the fluid together with the liquid to be collected drawn in the second suction / third outflow process. It is preferable to provide a push-back process for flowing through the flow path, and to repeatedly perform the first suction process, the second outflow process, and the second suction / third outflow process after the push-back process. Fresh liquid can be collected efficiently multiple times.
- the fluid examples include both liquid and gas, only gas, or only liquid as described below. That is, in the first example, the fluid is a liquid and a gas, the liquid is filled in the flow path on the suction / discharge means side, and the liquid filled in the flow path on the suction / discharge means side is between the liquid to be collected and the liquid to be collected. Gas is sandwiched in the flow path, and the liquid filled in the flow path on the suction and discharge means side is pushed and pulled by the suction and discharge means to push and pull the gas, thereby controlling the movement of the liquid to be collected. .
- the liquid to be collected can be moved with high accuracy. Further, by sandwiching a gas between the liquid filled in the flow path on the suction and discharge means side and the liquid to be collected, the former liquid and the latter (collection target) liquid are brought into contact and mixed. It is possible to prevent the liquid to be collected from being diluted by mixing.
- the fluid is a gas
- the gas is filled in the flow path on the suction / discharge means side of the liquid to be collected, and the gas filled in the flow path on the suction / discharge means side is sucked / discharged.
- it is possible to control the movement of the liquid to be collected by pushing and pulling the gas as a medium by the suction and discharge means.
- the fluid is a liquid
- the liquid is filled in the flow path on the suction / discharge means side of the liquid to be collected, and the liquid filled in the flow path on the suction / discharge means side is pushed by the suction / discharge means.
- the movement of the liquid to be collected is controlled.
- the liquid to be collected can be controlled by being pushed and pulled by the suction and discharge means using the liquid as a medium.
- an example of the liquid to be collected is blood.
- the liquid collection method is a method for collecting blood (blood collection method).
- blood collection method As described in the blood collection device, as long as it is a liquid to be collected, it is not limited to blood.
- a physiological fluid other than blood for example, a fluid containing lymph or protein
- a liquid containing a fluorescent agent for example, a liquid containing a fluorescent agent
- it may be a mixed solution used in an analyzer.
- the liquid to be collected flows through the flow path branched at the second connection terminal, and the liquid to be collected flows through the flow path branched at the first connection terminal, Since the liquid flowing in the flow path branched by the first connection terminal is collected with the highest priority, a fresh liquid can be collected from the collecting source that is the liquid supply source.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view for sequentially explaining a series of blood collection operations according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for sequentially explaining a series of blood collection operations according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for sequentially explaining a series of blood collection operations according to Example 3.
- It is the schematic of the blood collection apparatus which does not have a 4th flow path.
- It is an example of the experimental result by the blood collection device of FIG.
- It is the schematic of the blood collection apparatus at the time of the system which returns the blood to the vein from the other end of the catheter inserted in the conventional artery.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a blood collection apparatus according to each embodiment.
- Example 1 including Examples 2 and 3 to be described later, blood will be described as an example of the liquid to be collected, and a blood collection device will be described as an example of the liquid collection device.
- the blood collection apparatus 1 collects blood to be collected in time series.
- a container 10 for collecting the collected blood is installed around the blood collection apparatus 1.
- Example 1 including Examples 2 and 3 to be described later, the radioactivity concentration in arterial blood of a small animal (such as a mouse or a rat) is measured.
- centrifugation is performed by rotating the container 10 with a centrifuge (not shown).
- Blood collection apparatus 1 corresponds to the liquid collection apparatus in the present invention.
- the blood collection device 1 includes a flow channel having a predetermined length (in each embodiment, the first flow channel 2, the second flow channel 3, the third flow channel 4, and the fourth flow channel 23), and the first of the flow channels.
- a suction / discharge mechanism 5 that pushes and pulls blood to be collected connected to the three flow paths 4, a connection terminal 6 that branches the flow paths into a plurality (two in each embodiment), and a flow path (first in each embodiment).
- a pinch valve 7 that opens and closes the flow path 2 and the second flow path 3) and a dropping port that is connected to the branched flow path (the second flow path 3 in each embodiment) and drops the collected blood to be collected. 8 and.
- the first flow path 2, the second flow path 3, the third flow path 4 and the fourth flow path 23 correspond to the flow paths in the present invention, and the first flow path 2 corresponds to the first flow path in the present invention.
- the second flow path 3 corresponds to the second flow path in the present invention
- the third flow path 4 corresponds to the third flow path in the present invention
- the fourth flow path 23 corresponds to the fourth flow path in the present invention.
- the suction / discharge mechanism 5 corresponds to the suction / discharge means in the present invention
- the connection terminal 6 corresponds to the first opening / closing means in the present invention
- the pinch valve 7 corresponds to the first opening / closing means in the present invention.
- the dropping port 8 corresponds to the dropping port 8 in the present invention.
- the liquid supply source (small animal in each embodiment) side is upstream, and the dripping port 8 side is downstream. Therefore, in this specification, the flow path located upstream from the connection terminal 6 is defined as the first flow path 2, and the flow path located downstream from the connection terminal 6 and upstream from the dropping port 8 is defined as the second flow path 3. And Further, the suction / discharge mechanism 5 is connected to the third flow path 4 when a flow path different from the second flow path 3 for connecting the dropping port 8 is used as the third flow path 4. 5 is constituted.
- the flow paths use a tube having a small cross-sectional area (that is, a thin diameter) in order to reduce the amount of blood collected. Yes.
- a polyethylene tube having an inner diameter of 0.28 [mm] and a pinch valve 7 and a pinch valve 22 described later are softer and more resilient than the polyethylene tube.
- the first flow path 2 and the second flow path 3 have lengths so that the movement of the liquid (blood in each embodiment) can be controlled only by pushing and pulling by the suction / discharge mechanism 5. It is decided in advance. Of course, the length of the third flow path 4 connected to the suction / discharge mechanism 5 may be determined in advance.
- the suction / discharge mechanism 5 uses a syringe pump.
- a syringe pump for the suction / discharge mechanism 5
- liquid (blood) can be collected by pushing and pulling a few [ ⁇ L] of liquid (blood in each embodiment) with high speed and accuracy.
- the suction / discharge mechanism 5 is a syringe pump capable of accurately pushing and pulling the liquid (blood), and the first flow path 2 and the second flow path 3 are known in advance in length and cross-sectional area. Since the volume can be calculated from the above, the blood flowing in the first flow path 2 or the second flow path 3 is moved by the volume pushed and pulled by the suction / discharge mechanism 5.
- liquid and gas are used as the medium (fluid) by pushing and pulling.
- the gas by pushing and pulling may be air, or any gas that does not react with blood or a heparin solution, as exemplified by rare gases such as helium, neon, and argon, or nitrogen gas.
- the liquid by pushing and pulling is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a cleaning liquid typified by a heparin solution used for channel cleaning or blood discharge.
- a low-viscosity liquid such as water or mineral oil is preferable in order to increase blood control accuracy.
- the first flow path 2, the second flow path 3 and the third flow path 4 are connected by a connection terminal 6.
- the connection terminal 6 uses a block made of PDMS resin (Polydimethylsiloxane) having a minute flow path hole.
- the first flow path 2, the second flow path 3 and the third flow path 4 are connected to the respective holes.
- the connection terminal 6 branches the first flow path 2 into two second flow paths 3 and a third flow path 4.
- the first opening / closing means in the present invention uses a pinch valve 7 for pinching a tube.
- the pinch valve 7 applies flow from the outside of the tube (see “blocking portion 7a” in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 to be described later) so that the flow path (the first flow path 2 and the second flow path 3) made of the tube is formed.
- the flow path (the first flow path 2 and the second flow path 3) made of a tube is opened by closing and releasing the pressure from the outside of the tube.
- the pinch valve 7 is comprised so that when one is opened among two flow paths (1st flow path 2 and 2nd flow path 3) which consist of a tube, the other is closed. . Accordingly, the pinch valve 7 closes the second flow path 3 when the first flow path 2 is opened, and conversely closes the first flow path 2 when the second flow path 3 is opened. Switch.
- a branch point and an opening / closing means are newly added.
- a connection terminal 21 that divides a flow path into a plurality of (two in each embodiment) on the collection source side, and a flow path branched by the connection terminal 21 (fourth flow path 23 in each embodiment).
- a pinch valve 22 for opening and closing.
- a flow path located downstream of the connection terminal 21 branched from the first flow path 2 at the connection terminal 21 is referred to as a fourth flow path 23.
- the connection terminal 21 corresponds to the second connection terminal in the present invention
- the pinch valve 22 corresponds to the second opening / closing means in the present invention.
- connection terminal 6 corresponding to the first connection terminal branches the first flow path 2 into two second flow paths 3 and third flow paths 4, and the pinch valve 7 corresponding to the first opening / closing means is
- the flow path (the first flow path 2 and the second flow path 3 in each embodiment) is opened and closed on the suction / discharge mechanism 5 side.
- connection terminal 21 corresponding to the second connection terminal branches the first flow path 2 into two, and the first flow path 2 (downstream side) connected to the suction / discharge mechanism 5 among the branched flow paths.
- a flow path different from the third flow path 4) is used as the fourth flow path 23, and the pinch valve 22 corresponding to the second opening / closing means opens and closes the fourth flow path 23 branched by the connection terminal 21.
- the second opening / closing means in the present invention uses the pinch valve 22 for pinching the tube.
- the pinch valve 22 is configured to open and close one flow path (fourth flow path 23) made of a tube. 1 and FIG. 3 to be described later are places where pressure is applied (ie pinched) from the outside of the tube by the pinch valve 22.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a flow of a series of blood collection processes according to each embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram sequentially explaining a series of blood collection operations according to the first embodiment.
- symbol BL in FIG. 3 is the blood of collection object
- symbol L in FIG. 3 is a liquid different from the blood BL of collection object
- symbol G in FIG. 3 is gas.
- the blood BL to be collected is illustrated in black
- the liquid L is illustrated in stippled hatching
- the gas G is illustrated in white.
- Step S1 First Outflow Step S1 in FIG. 3 shows a standby state before blood collection.
- the fluid (this embodiment) 1 the fluid BL (liquid L / gas G) is pushed and pulled by the suction / discharge mechanism 5 until the upstream end of the liquid L / gas G is located at the connection terminal 21, thereby allowing the blood BL to flow through the fourth flow path 23.
- the fluid (liquid L / gas G) is filled in the first flow path 2 and the third flow path 4 from the connection terminal 21 to the suction / discharge mechanism 5, and the blood BL drawn from the animal is in an open state. It continues to flow away to the fourth flow path 23.
- This step S1 corresponds to the first outflow process in the present invention.
- Step S2 First Suction After the first outflow of Step S1, the first flow path 2 is opened by the pinch valve 7 and the second flow path 3 is closed, and the fourth flow path 23 by the pinch valve 22 In the closed state, the suction / discharge mechanism 5 causes the suction / discharge mechanism 5 until the boundary between the upstream end of the fluid (liquid L / gas G) and the blood BL is located closer to the suction / discharge mechanism 5 than the connection terminal 6. The blood BL is sucked by sucking the fluid (liquid L / gas G). As a result, the fourth flow path 23 is closed, and the blood BL drawn from the animal is drawn in the direction of the arrow from the branch point at the connection terminal 6 to the suction / discharge mechanism 5 side (right side in FIG. 3). .
- This step S2 corresponds to the first suction step in the present invention.
- Step S3 Second Outflow After the first suction in Step S2, the pinch valve 7 closes the first flow path 2 and opens the second flow path 3 (that is, the blocking portion 7a is connected to the second flow path). 3), the fluid (liquid L / gas G) is pushed back together with the blood BL drawn in step S1 with the fourth channel 23 opened by the pinch valve 22. The fluid (liquid L / gas G) is stopped at the dropping port 8 via the two flow paths 3 and the blood BL is discharged from the dropping port 8 and collected, while the liquid BL on the collecting source side is flowed through the fourth flow. Flow on path 23. Thereby, the blood BL that has passed through the second flow path 3 in the direction of the arrow is dropped from the dropping port 8 to the container 10. At that time, the blood BL drawn from the animal continues to escape to the fourth flow path 23 in the open state.
- This step S3 corresponds to the second outflow process in the present invention.
- Step S4 Second Suction / Third Outflow
- the pinch valve 7 closes the first flow path 2 and the second flow path 3 is opened, and the pinch valve 22
- the fluid liquid L / gas G
- the suction / discharge mechanism 5 the upstream end of the fluid (liquid L / gas G) is positioned closer to the suction / discharge means 5 than the connection terminal.
- sucking the gas G the blood BL on the collection source side is caused to flow through the fourth flow path 23 while sucking the blood BL.
- the fluid (liquid L / gas G) stopped at the dropping port 8 passes through the second flow path 3 to the suction / discharge mechanism 5 side (the right side in FIG. 3) from the branch point at the connection terminal 6. It is pulled out in the direction of the arrow.
- the blood BL drawn from the animal continues to flow and escape from the step S3 to the open fourth flow path 23.
- This step S4 corresponds to the second suction / third outflow in the present invention.
- Step S5 Is it collected?
- the process returns after performing the push back in step S6, and the same processes in steps S2 to S5 are repeated.
- steps S2 to S5 are repeated.
- Step S6 Pushing Back After the second suction / third outflow of Step S4, the pinch valve 7 opens the first flow path 2 and closes the second flow path 3 (that is, the blocking portion 7a is closed to the first position). (Switching from the flow path 2 to the second flow path 3) and with the fourth flow path 23 opened by the pinch valve 22, until the upstream end of the fluid (liquid L / gas G) is located at the connection terminal 21, By pressing the fluid (liquid L / gas G) together with the blood BL drawn in step S4, the blood BL on the collection source side flows through the fourth flow path 23, and the process returns to step S1. As described above, after the pushing back in step S6, the first suction in step S2, the second outflow in step S3, and the second suction / third outflow in step S4 are repeatedly performed. This step S6 corresponds to the pushing back process in this invention.
- the liquid (blood) supply source (collection source) is actively pushed and pulled by the suction / discharge mechanism 5 to pull the liquid to be collected (blood in each embodiment).
- Liquid (blood) can be collected regardless of the situation.
- the liquid to be collected is blood in the case of an animal
- blood can be collected even if the blood pressure decreases due to the physiological state of the animal.
- liquid (blood) can be collected even when the blood pressure of the animal is reduced.
- the length is defined in advance by providing a channel having a predetermined length (in each embodiment, the first channel 2, the second channel 3, the third channel 4, and the fourth channel 23).
- the liquid collection device blood collection device 1 in each embodiment
- the liquid collection device can be reduced in size, and can be installed in the vicinity of the liquid collection source (animal in each embodiment).
- the dead volume which indicates an invalid volume
- eliminate the causes of distortion of the concentration waveform such as delay and dispersion.
- connection terminal 6 corresponding to the first connection terminal and a connection terminal 21 corresponding to the second connection terminal are provided, and a pinch valve 7 corresponding to the first opening / closing means and a pinch valve 22 corresponding to the second opening / closing means are provided.
- the liquid to be collected (blood) is allowed to flow through the pinch valve 22 to the flow path (the fourth flow path 23 in each embodiment) branched from the collection source side, which is the liquid supply side, and away from the collection source side.
- the liquid (blood) to be collected is also caused to flow through the pinch valve 7 to another flow path (second flow path 3 in each embodiment) branched at the connection terminal 6, so that the liquid (blood) to be collected from the collection source side. ) Can be continuously flown by the pinch valve 22.
- the liquid (blood) to be collected that has flowed away from the collection source side is not pushed back to the collection source side (that is, the upstream side), and the fresh liquid (blood) is always flowed, and when necessary (during collection) Only the liquid (blood) to be collected can be collected by flowing into the flow path (second flow path 3) branched from the connection terminal 6 away from the collection source side.
- fresh liquid (blood) can be collected from a collection source that is a supply source of liquid (blood).
- the flow path is a tube.
- the first opening / closing means and the second opening / closing means can be constituted by the pinch valves 7 and 22 described above.
- the first opening / closing means is a pinch that closes the flow path made of the tube by applying pressure from the outside of the tube and opens the flow path made of the tube by releasing the pressure from the outside of the tube.
- Valve 7 Compared to a valve (opening / closing means) of a type that allows liquid to pass inside, the dead volume is small, and only the flow path composed of a tube needs to be replaced, and the first opening / closing means need not be replaced.
- the opening / closing means comprising the pinch valve 7 is small, it can be installed in the vicinity of the liquid (blood) supply source (collection source), further reducing the dead volume between the collection source and the opening / closing means, It is possible to eliminate the cause of concentration waveform distortion such as delay and dispersion.
- the pinch valve 7 can be installed in the vicinity of the animal that is the collection source.
- the tube can be formed with a thin diameter (thin diameter), if the thin tube is used as a flow path and is opened and closed by the pinch valve 7, the diameter of the flow path through which the liquid (blood) flows is reduced. As a result, the volume of the flow path (liquid) can be reduced by reducing the volume of the flow path.
- the flow rate can be suppressed by reducing the volume of the flowed liquid (blood) by reducing the volume of the flow path.
- blood blood
- the liquid to be collected is blood as in each of the embodiments
- blood loss due to continuing to flow blood can be minimized.
- the pinch valve 7 is configured so that when one of two flow paths (in each embodiment, the first flow path 2 and the second flow path 3) made of a tube is opened, the other is closed. ing.
- the pinch valve 7 is configured so that when one is opened, the other is closed, the two flow paths can be opened and closed with one pinch valve, and the components of the first opening / closing means can be reduced. .
- the second opening / closing means is the pinch valve 22 in each embodiment.
- the pinch valve 22 can be installed in the vicinity of the liquid (blood) supply source (collection source), and the dead volume between the collection source and the opening / closing means can be further reduced.
- the liquid collection device is a device for collecting blood, that is, the blood collection device 1.
- the liquid collection method is a method for collecting blood, that is, a blood collection method.
- the collection is performed as described in the blood collection device 1 as well.
- a prescribed volume can be collected without measuring the length or collected amount of the target liquid (blood) with a volume measuring means (for example, an optical measuring means).
- the liquid to be collected (blood) flows through the flow path branched by the connection terminal 21 (fourth flow path 23), and the liquid to be collected (second flow path 3) branches through the connection terminal 6 (the second flow path 3). Since the liquid (blood) flowing through the flow path (second flow path 3) branched by the connection terminal 6 is collected with the highest priority, the collection source that is the supply source of the liquid (blood) is used. Fresh liquid (blood) can be collected.
- the first outflow in step S1 the first suction in step S2, the second outflow in step S3, the second suction and the third outflow in step S4
- the liquid (blood) to be collected flows through the fourth flow path 23 branched at the connection terminal 21 and the liquid (blood) to be collected flows through the second flow path 3 branched at the connection terminal 6.
- the liquid (blood) flowing through the second flow path 3 branched at the connection terminal 6 is collected with the highest priority. Therefore, a fresh liquid (blood) can be collected efficiently.
- the first flow path 2 is opened by the pinch valve 7 and the second flow path 3 is closed by the pinch valve 7, and the fourth by the pinch valve 22.
- the flow path 23 opened, the fluid (blood) in the first embodiment until the upstream end of the fluid (liquid L / gas G) is located at the connection terminal 22, together with the liquid (blood) to be collected drawn in step S ⁇ b> 4.
- the liquid (blood) on the collection source side is caused to flow through the fourth flow path 23 by pushing back in step S6.
- the first suction in step S2 It is preferable to repeatedly perform the second outflow of step S3 and the second suction / third outflow of step S4. Collection of fresh liquid (liquid) (blood collection) can be efficiently performed multiple times.
- the fluid is a liquid L and a gas G.
- the liquid L fills the flow path on the suction / discharge mechanism 5 side, and the liquid L and the collection target filled in the flow path on the suction / discharge mechanism 5 side.
- the gas G is sandwiched between the liquid (the blood BL in FIGS. 1 and 3) in the flow path, and the liquid L filled in the flow path on the suction / discharge mechanism 5 side is pushed and pulled by the suction / discharge mechanism 5.
- the gas G is pushed and pulled to control the movement of the liquid (blood) to be collected.
- the liquid (blood) to be collected can be moved with high accuracy. Further, by sandwiching the gas G between the liquid L filled in the flow path on the suction / discharge mechanism 5 side and the liquid (blood) to be collected, the former liquid L and the latter (collection target) liquid (blood) ) Can be prevented from contacting and mixing, and the liquid (blood) to be collected can also be prevented from thinning due to mixing.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for sequentially explaining a series of blood collection operations according to the second embodiment.
- the parts common to the first embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, description thereof is omitted, and illustration is omitted.
- the blood collection device 1 according to the second embodiment also has the same configuration as the blood collection device 1 according to the first embodiment described above, as shown in FIG.
- the difference from the first embodiment is that the second embodiment employs only gas as a medium (fluid) by pushing and pulling, as shown in FIG.
- the gas G is filled in the flow path on the suction / discharge mechanism 5 side from the liquid (blood) to be collected, and the gas G filled in the flow path on the suction / discharge mechanism side is pushed and pulled by the suction / discharge mechanism 5.
- the movement of the liquid (blood) to be collected is controlled.
- the gas G is not particularly limited and may be air as in the first embodiment, or reacts with blood or a heparin solution, as exemplified by rare gases such as helium, neon, and argon, or nitrogen gas. Any gas that does not work. Also in FIG. 4, the gas G is illustrated in white.
- the liquid (blood) to be collected can be controlled by being pushed and pulled by the suction / discharge mechanism 5 using the gas G as a medium.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for sequentially explaining a series of blood collection operations according to the third embodiment.
- the portions common to the first and second embodiments described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, description thereof is omitted, and illustration is omitted.
- the blood collection apparatus 1 according to the third embodiment also has the same configuration as the blood collection apparatus 1 according to the first and second embodiments described above, as shown in FIG.
- the difference from the first and second embodiments is that the third embodiment employs only a liquid as a medium (fluid) by pushing and pulling, as shown in FIG.
- the liquid L is filled in the flow path closer to the suction / discharge mechanism 5 than the liquid (blood) to be collected, and the liquid L filled in the flow path on the suction / discharge mechanism side is pushed and pulled by the suction / discharge mechanism 5.
- the movement of the liquid (blood) to be collected is controlled.
- the liquid L is not particularly limited, and is a heparin solution, water or mineral oil as in Example 1. In FIG. 5 as well, the liquid L is illustrated by dotted hatching.
- the liquid (blood) to be collected can be controlled by being pushed and pulled by the suction / discharge mechanism 5 using the liquid L as a medium.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a blood collection apparatus that does not have the fourth flow path
- FIG. 7 is an example of an experimental result by the blood collection apparatus of FIG. 6,
- FIG. It is an example. The parts common to those in FIG.
- the horizontal axis is the time axis (indicated by “time [sec]”), and the vertical axis is the blood radioactivity concentration (indicated by “activity concentration [kBq / ⁇ L]”). Both whole blood (indicated as “Whole Blood”) and plasma separated (indicated as “Plasma”) are measured.
- the inner frame graph is an expansion of the time axis of the outer frame graph.
- connection terminal 21, the pinch valve 22 and the fourth flow path 23 are not provided, and the blood is not discarded as much as possible.
- the second flow path 3 and the dripping port 8 in FIG. 1 are dedicated to collection, whereas the second flow path 3 and the dripping port 8 in FIG. 6 discharge and discard unnecessary blood along with the collection. It has a structure that also functions.
- the dropping port moving mechanism 9 that moves the dropping port 8 is provided so that the container 10 is not located immediately below the dropping port 8.
- the dripping port moving mechanism 9 also has a function of moving the dripping port 8 in order to change the position where the separated and collected blood to be collected is dropped.
- the dropping port moving mechanism 9 uses an electric slider by a stepping motor, and moves the dropping port 8 back and forth, right and left (horizontal direction) by the electric slider.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and can be modified as follows.
- blood has been described as an example of the collection target liquid. It is not limited to blood, but may be a physiological fluid other than blood (for example, a fluid containing lymph or protein), a fluid containing a fluorescent agent, a mixed solution used in an analyzer, or the like.
- the first connection terminal divides the first flow path 2 into the two second flow paths 3 and the fourth flow path 4, and the number of branches was two. If there are a plurality, the number may be three or more, and the first connection terminal may branch the flow path into three or more.
- the first flow path 2 in FIG. 1 may be branched into two or more second flow paths 3, and the same number of dropping ports may be provided or may be merged in the middle.
- the first flow path 2 in FIG. 1 may be branched into two or more third flow paths 4, and the same number of suction / discharge means (suction / discharge mechanisms) may be provided, or the first flow paths 2 may be joined together. .
- a discharge-only flow path may be provided separately from the fourth flow path 23, and the first connection terminal may branch the flow path into three or more.
- the number of branches of the second connection terminal is two in each of the above-described embodiments.
- the number of the second connection terminals may be three or more as long as it is plural, and the second connection terminal branches the flow path into three or more. You may let them.
- the fourth flow path in FIG. 1 may be branched into two or more, or may be joined on the way.
- the flow path is a tube, but may be a groove provided in a substrate or the like, for example.
- the first opening / closing means and the second opening / closing means open and close the groove by using a valve of a type that allows liquid to pass inside other than the pinch valve.
- the first opening / closing means and the second opening / closing means are pinch valves.
- the liquid is allowed to pass inside other than the pinch valve. This valve may be used.
- the first flow path, the second flow path, and the fourth flow path are formed by the Shirasucon tube only at the portion pinched by the pinch valve, but it is not limited to the Shirasucon.
- Each flow path may be formed of a tube made of a rubber material having softness and resilience such as silicone, Tygon, and polyurethane. Further, the material may be changed for the first channel, the second channel and the fourth channel, or the entire first to fourth channels without changing the material of only the pinched portion.
- the pinch valve 7 is configured such that when one of the two flow paths (the first flow path 2 and the second flow path 3 in each embodiment) is opened, the other is opened.
- it is configured to be closed, similarly to the pinch valve 22, it may be configured to open and close one flow path formed of a tube (the fourth flow path 23 in each embodiment).
- a pinch valve dedicated to the first channel that opens and closes only the first channel 2 and a pinch valve dedicated to the second channel that opens and closes only the second channel 3 are provided. Also good.
- the dropping port moving means (dropping port moving mechanism) is not provided, but a dropping port moving mechanism 9 as shown in FIG. 6 may be provided.
- the dropping port moving mechanism 9 moves the dropping port 8 in accordance with the position of each receiving unit, thereby dropping the liquid into each receiving unit. be able to.
- the dropping port moving means is not necessary in the liquid sampling apparatus according to the present invention (the blood collecting apparatus 1 in each embodiment).
- the liquid sampling apparatus includes the dropping port moving means and the moving means for moving the dropping destination container, and the dropping port and the dropping destination container are connected to each other. You may move relatively (one is fixed and the other is moved, or both are moved). Further, the moving direction of the dropping port moving means is not limited to parallel movement, and may be a rotating direction.
- the liquid flowing through the fourth flow path is discarded.
- the liquid flowing through the fourth flow path is not necessarily used. There is no need to dispose of it. If the liquid flowing through the flow path branched at the first connection terminal (connection terminal 6 in each embodiment) is to be collected with the highest priority, it is branched at the second connection terminal (connection terminal 21 in each embodiment). The liquid to be collected may also be collected in the flow path and reused.
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Abstract
Description
マウス血圧にて自出された動脈血を、図9に示すようにマイクロチップ(素子)MC上に導く方式である。マイクロチップMCには、1本の主流路FM、選択可能な支流路FB、および流路洗浄や血液排出用に使用するヘパリン(heparin)溶液Hを流し込み、あるいは使用されたヘパリン溶液Hや血液Bを流し出すための側路FNを配設している。支流路FBの各々の先には容器を配設しており、支流路FBのいずれか1つが、マイクロチップMCに供給されるアルゴンガスGasのガス圧、マイクロチップMCのメカニズムによって選択されるように構成されている。支流路FBのいずれか1つが選択された状態で血液Bを流し込む。各々の流路FM,FBが、マイクロチップMCに対して所定の寸法で溝加工したもので形成されており、流し込まれた血液Bの溝長あるいは溝領域がわかれば、その血液Bの微小体積が規定されるのがマイクロチップMCの特徴である。その規定された微小体積によって、予め定められた体積の血液Bが流路内に満ちた状況で、ヘパリン溶液Hの圧入によって所定の受け容器(図示省略)に血液Bを送り込む。その後、各流路FM,FBをヘパリン溶液Hで洗浄し、次の採血に備える。受け容器内の血液Bを、生理食塩水とともに別容器に吸い上げ、ウェルカウンタによって血液B中の放射線を計数する。
非特許文献2では、動脈に挿入したカテーテルの途中に、カテーテルを挟み込む形で放射線検出器を設置することで、血中放射能濃度を測定する。ダイオードは、長さが30[mm]の細長い形状を有し、長辺方向に沿って血液が入ったチューブを配管することで、検出可能面積を増加させ、β+線の検出効率を確保している。カテーテルの他端にはシリンジポンプを接続し、シリンジポンプを一定速度で引いて血液を引き出し、さらにその速度から流量を求めてカテーテルの内径から体積を算出して放射能濃度を計測する。
非特許文献3では、図10に示すように動脈Aに挿入したカテーテルCの他端から静脈Vに血液を戻し、カテーテルCの途中にLYSO検出器DおよびペリスタポンプPを設置する。カテーテルC内部を流れる動脈血内のβ+線が対消滅することで発生するγ線がLYSO検出器Dに入射して光り、その光は光ファイバFを収集ボックスBで計数する。血液の流量はペリスタポンプPによって制御され、その流量およびカテーテルの内径から制御PCは体積を算出して放射能濃度を計測する。
5方ジョイントで流路を切り替えて、血液や洗浄液の排出や血液の採取を繰り返す。
すなわち、この発明に係る液体採取装置は、採取対象の液体を時系列に分離して採取する液体採取装置であって、所定の長さを有する流路と、その流路に接続し前記採取対象の液体を押し引きする吸引吐出手段と、前記流路を当該吸引吐出手段側に複数に分岐させる第1接続端子と、前記吸引吐出手段側で前記流路を開閉する第1開閉手段と、前記流路を採取元側に複数に分岐させる第2接続端子と、当該第2接続端子で分岐した流路を開閉する第2開閉手段と、前記第1接続端子で分岐した流路に接続され、分離採取された前記採取対象の液体を滴下する滴下口とを備えることを特徴とするものである。
すなわち、液体採取方法において、前記吸引吐出手段側の流路に満たされた前記流体を吸引吐出手段側に吸引することで前記採取対象の液体を吸引し、吸引吐出手段側の流路に満たされた流体を採取元に押し戻すことで採取対象の液体を押し戻し、前記第1開閉手段は、前記第1接続端子よりも上流に位置する前記流路を第1流路としたときに当該第1流路を開閉し、前記第1接続端子よりも下流で前記滴下口よりも上流に位置する前記流路を第2流路としたときに当該第2流路を開閉するように、第1開閉手段を構成するとともに、前記吸引吐出手段は、前記第1接続端子で分岐した複数の流路のうち、滴下口を接続する前記第2流路とは別の流路を第3流路としたときに当該第3流路に接続するように、吸引吐出手段を構成し、前記第2開閉手段は、前記第2接続端子で前記第1流路から分岐した当該第2接続端子よりも下流に位置する流路を第4流路としたときに当該第4流路を開閉するように、第2開閉手段を構成し、第1開閉手段により、前記第1流路を開けて、前記第2流路を閉じた状態、かつ第2開閉手段により前記第4流路を開けた状態で、吸引吐出手段により前記流体の上流端が第2接続端子に位置するまで吸引吐出手段により当該流体を押し引きすることで、前記採取対象の液体を第4流路に流す第1流出工程と、その第1流出工程の後に、第1開閉手段により、第1流路を開けて、第2流路を閉じた状態、かつ第2開閉手段により第4流路を閉じた状態で、吸引吐出手段により前記流体の上流端と採取対象の液体との境界が第1接続端子よりも吸引吐出手段側に位置するまで吸引吐出手段により当該流体を吸引することで、当該液体を吸引する第1吸引工程と、その第1吸引工程の後に、第1開閉手段により、第1流路を閉じて、第2流路を開けた状態、かつ第2開閉手段により第4流路を開けた状態で、前記第1吸引工程で引き出された前記採取対象の液体とともに前記流体を押し戻して、第2流路を経由して流体を滴下口で止めて、採取対象の液体を滴下口から吐出して採取しつつ、採取元側にある当該液体を第4流路に流す第2流出工程と、その第2流出工程の後に、第1開閉手段により、第1流路を閉じて、第2流路を開けた状態、かつ第2開閉手段により第4流路を開けた状態で、吸引吐出手段により前記流体の上流端が第1接続端子よりも吸引吐出手段側に位置するまで吸引吐出手段により当該流体を吸引することで、採取対象の液体を吸引しつつ、採取元側にある当該液体を第4流路に流す第2吸引・第3流出工程とを備えることを特徴とするものである。
すなわち、最初の一例は、流体は液体および気体であって、当該液体を吸引吐出手段側の流路に満たし、吸引吐出手段側の流路に満たされた当該液体と採取対象の液体との間に気体を流路内に挟み込み、吸引吐出手段側の流路に満たされた当該液体を吸引吐出手段により押し引きすることにより気体を押し引きして、採取対象の液体を移動制御することである。このように採取対象の液体とは別の液体を流路に詰めて、採取対象の液体との間に気体を挟み込んで押し引きすれば、吸引吐出手段による押し引きによって圧縮または膨張される気体の体積が減るので採取対象の液体を精度良く動かすことができる。さらに、吸引吐出手段側の流路に満たされた液体と採取対象の液体との間に気体を挟み込むことで、前者の液体と後者の(採取対象の)液体とが接触して混合するのを防止することができ、混合により採取の対象の液体が薄まることも防止することができる。
図3のステップS1は採血前の待機状態を示す。ピンチバルブ7により、第1流路2を開けて、第2流路3を閉じた状態、かつピンチバルブ22により第4流路23を開けた状態で、吸引吐出機構5により流体(本実施例1では液体L・気体G)の上流端が接続端子21に位置するまで吸引吐出機構5により当該流体(液体L・気体G)を押し引きすることで、血液BLを第4流路23に流す。これにより、接続端子21から吸引吐出機構5まで第1流路2および第3流路4内に流体(液体L・気体G)が充填され、動物から引き出された血液BLは、開放状態にある第4流路23へ逃げて流れ続ける。このステップS1は、この発明における第1流出工程に相当する。
ステップS1の第1流出の後に、ピンチバルブ7により、第1流路2を開けて、第2流路3を閉じた状態、かつピンチバルブ22により第4流路23を閉じた状態で、吸引吐出機構5により流体(液体L・気体G)の上流端と血液BLとの境界が接続端子6よりも吸引吐出機構5側に位置するまで吸引吐出機構5により当該流体流体(液体L・気体G)を吸引することで、当該血液BLを吸引する。これにより、第4流路23は閉止状態となり、動物から引き出された血液BLは、接続端子6での分岐点よりも吸引吐出機構5側(図3中の右側)まで矢印の方向に引き出される。このステップS2は、この発明における第1吸引工程に相当する。
ステップS2の第1吸引の後に、ピンチバルブ7により、第1流路2を閉じて、第2流路3を開けた状態で(すなわち閉塞部7aを第2流路3から第1流路2に切り替えて)、かつピンチバルブ22により第4流路23を開けた状態で、ステップS1で引き出された血液BLとともに流体(液体L・気体G)を押し戻して、第2流路3を経由して流体(液体L・気体G)を滴下口8で止めて、血液BLを滴下口8から吐出して採取しつつ、採取元側にある当該液体BLを第4流路23に流す。これにより、矢印の方向に第2流路3を経由した血液BLを滴下口8から容器10へ滴下する。その際に、動物から引き出された血液BLは、開放状態にある第4流路23へ逃げて流れ続ける。このステップS3は、この発明における第2流出工程に相当する。
ステップS3の第2流出の後に、ピンチバルブ7により、第1流路2を閉じて、第2流路3を開けた状態、かつピンチバルブ22により第4流路23を開けた状態で、吸引吐出機構5により流体(液体L・気体G)の上流端が接続端子よりも吸引吐出手段5側に位置するまで吸引吐出機構5により当該流体(液体L・気体G)を吸引することで、血液BLを吸引しつつ、採取元側にある当該血液BLを第4流路23に流す。これにより、滴下口8で止まっていた流体(液体L・気体G)は第2流路3を経由して接続端子6での分岐点よりも吸引吐出機構5側(図3中の右側)まで矢印の方向に引き出される。一方、動物から引き出された血液BLは、ステップS3から引き続いて開放状態にある第4流路23へ逃げて流れ続ける。このステップS4は、この発明における第2吸引・第3流出に相当する。
引き続いて採血を行う場合には、ステップS6の押し戻しを行った後に戻って、同様のステップS2~S5の処理を繰り返して行う。採血を行わない場合には、一連の採血処理を終了する。
ステップS4の第2吸引・第3流出の後に、ピンチバルブ7により、第1流路2を開けて、第2流路3を閉じた状態で(すなわち閉塞部7aを第1流路2から第2流路3に切り替えて)、かつピンチバルブ22により第4流路23を開けた状態で、流体(液体L・気体G)の上流端が接続端子21に位置するまで、ステップS4で引き出された血液BLとともに当該流体(液体L・気体G)を押すことで、採取元側にある当該血液BLを第4流路23に流してステップS1に戻る。このように、このステップS6の押し戻しの後に、ステップS2の第1吸引,ステップS3の第2流出およびステップS4の第2吸引・第3流出を繰り返し行う。このステップS6は、この発明における押し戻し工程に相当する。
続いて、各実施例に係る図1の採血装置と、第4流路を有さずに血液を極力廃棄しない図6の採血装置とを比較して得られた実験結果(図7および図8)について述べる。図6は、第4流路を有さない採血装置の概略図であり、図7は、図6の採血装置による実験結果の例であり、図8は、図1の採血装置による実験結果の例である。図1と共通する箇所については、同じ符号を付して、その説明を省略する。
2 … 第1流路
3 … 第2流路
4 … 第3流路
5 … 吸引吐出機構
6,21 … 接続端子
7,22 … ピンチバルブ
8 … 滴下口
BL … 血液
L … 液体
G … 気体
Claims (13)
- 採取対象の液体を時系列に分離して採取する液体採取装置であって、
所定の長さを有する流路と、
その流路に接続し前記採取対象の液体を押し引きする吸引吐出手段と、
前記流路を当該吸引吐出手段側に複数に分岐させる第1接続端子と、
前記吸引吐出手段側で前記流路を開閉する第1開閉手段と、
前記流路を採取元側に複数に分岐させる第2接続端子と、
当該第2接続端子で分岐した流路を開閉する第2開閉手段と、
前記第1接続端子で分岐した流路に接続され、分離採取された前記採取対象の液体を滴下する滴下口と
を備えることを特徴とする液体採取装置。 - 請求項1に記載の液体採取装置において、
前記流路はチューブであることを特徴とする液体採取装置。 - 請求項2に記載の液体採取装置において、
前記第1開閉手段は、前記チューブの外側から圧力をかけることでチューブからなる流路を閉じて、チューブの外側からの圧力を開放することでチューブからなる流路を開けるピンチバルブであることを特徴とする液体採取装置。 - 請求項3に記載の液体採取装置において、
前記ピンチバルブは、前記チューブからなる2つの流路のうち、一方を開けたときに他方を閉じるように構成されていることを特徴とする液体採取装置。 - 請求項2から請求項4のいずれかに記載の液体採取装置において、
前記第2開閉手段は、前記チューブの外側から圧力をかけることでチューブからなる流路を閉じて、チューブの外側からの圧力を開放することでチューブからなる流路を開けるピンチバルブであることを特徴とする液体採取装置。 - 請求項1から請求項5のいずれかに記載の液体採取装置において、
前記採取対象の液体は血液であって、
液体採取装置は採血するための装置であることを特徴とする液体採取装置。 - 採取対象の液体を時系列に分離して採取する液体採取方法であって、
液体採取装置は、
所定の長さを有する流路と、
その流路に接続し前記採取対象の液体を押し引きする吸引吐出手段と、
前記流路を当該吸引吐出手段側に複数に分岐させる第1接続端子と、
前記吸引吐出手段側で前記流路を開閉する第1開閉手段と、
前記流路を採取元側に複数に分岐させる第2接続端子と、
当該第2接続端子で分岐した流路を開閉する第2開閉手段と、
前記第1接続端子で分岐した流路に接続され、分離採取された前記採取対象の液体を滴下する滴下口と
を備え、
液体,気体の少なくともいずれか一方からなる流体を採取対象の液体よりも前記吸引吐出手段側の前記流路に満たし、
前記吸引吐出手段,前記第1開閉手段および前記第2開閉手段を制御して、吸引吐出手段側の流路に満たされた前記流体を吸引吐出手段により押し引きして、採取対象の液体を移動制御し、
前記第2接続端子で分岐した流路に採取対象の液体を流すとともに、前記第1接続端子で分岐した流路に採取対象の液体を流して、第1接続端子で分岐した流路内を流れる液体の方を最優先に採取することを特徴とする液体採取方法。 - 請求項7に記載の液体採取方法において、
前記吸引吐出手段側の流路に満たされた前記流体を吸引吐出手段側に吸引することで前記採取対象の液体を吸引し、吸引吐出手段側の流路に満たされた流体を採取元に押し戻すことで採取対象の液体を押し戻し、
前記第1開閉手段は、前記第1接続端子よりも上流に位置する前記流路を第1流路としたときに当該第1流路を開閉し、前記第1接続端子よりも下流で前記滴下口よりも上流に位置する前記流路を第2流路としたときに当該第2流路を開閉するように、第1開閉手段を構成するとともに、
前記吸引吐出手段は、前記第1接続端子で分岐した複数の流路のうち、滴下口を接続する前記第2流路とは別の流路を第3流路としたときに当該第3流路に接続するように、吸引吐出手段を構成し、
前記第2開閉手段は、前記第2接続端子で前記第1流路から分岐した当該第2接続端子よりも下流に位置する流路を第4流路としたときに当該第4流路を開閉するように、第2開閉手段を構成し、
第1開閉手段により、前記第1流路を開けて、前記第2流路を閉じた状態、かつ第2開閉手段により前記第4流路を開けた状態で、吸引吐出手段により前記流体の上流端が第2接続端子に位置するまで吸引吐出手段により当該流体を押し引きすることで、前記採取対象の液体を第4流路に流す第1流出工程と、
その第1流出工程の後に、第1開閉手段により、第1流路を開けて、第2流路を閉じた状態、かつ第2開閉手段により第4流路を閉じた状態で、吸引吐出手段により前記流体の上流端と採取対象の液体との境界が第1接続端子よりも吸引吐出手段側に位置するまで吸引吐出手段により当該流体を吸引することで、当該液体を吸引する第1吸引工程と、
その第1吸引工程の後に、第1開閉手段により、第1流路を閉じて、第2流路を開けた状態、かつ第2開閉手段により第4流路を開けた状態で、前記第1吸引工程で引き出された前記採取対象の液体とともに前記流体を押し戻して、第2流路を経由して流体を滴下口で止めて、採取対象の液体を滴下口から吐出して採取しつつ、採取元側にある当該液体を第4流路に流す第2流出工程と、
その第2流出工程の後に、第1開閉手段により、第1流路を閉じて、第2流路を開けた状態、かつ第2開閉手段により第4流路を開けた状態で、吸引吐出手段により前記流体の上流端が第1接続端子よりも吸引吐出手段側に位置するまで吸引吐出手段により当該流体を吸引することで、採取対象の液体を吸引しつつ、採取元側にある当該液体を第4流路に流す第2吸引・第3流出工程と
を備えることを特徴とする液体採取方法。 - 請求項8に記載の液体採取方法において、
前記第2吸引・第3流出工程の後に、前記第1開閉手段により、前記第1流路を開けて、前記第2流路を閉じた状態、かつ前記第2開閉手段により前記第4流路を開けた状態で、前記流体の上流端が前記第2接続端子に位置するまで、前記第2吸引・第3流出工程で引き出された前記採取対象の液体とともに当該流体を押すことで、採取元側にある当該液体を第4流路に流す押し戻し工程を備え、
当該押し戻し工程の後に、前記第1吸引工程,前記第2流出工程および前記第2吸引・第3流出工程を繰り返し行うことを特徴とする液体採取方法。 - 請求項7から請求項9のいずれかに記載の液体採取方法において、
前記流体は液体および気体であって、
当該液体を前記吸引吐出手段側の前記流路に満たし、
前記吸引吐出手段側の前記流路に満たされた当該液体と前記採取対象の液体との間に前記気体を流路内に挟み込み、
前記吸引吐出手段側の流路に満たされた当該液体を吸引吐出手段により押し引きすることにより前記気体を押し引きして、採取対象の液体を移動制御することを特徴とする液体採取方法。 - 請求項7から請求項9のいずれかに記載の液体採取方法において、
前記流体は気体であって、
当該気体を前記採取対象の液体よりも前記吸引吐出手段側の前記流路に満たし、
前記吸引吐出手段側の流路に満たされた当該気体を吸引吐出手段により押し引きして、採取対象の液体を移動制御することを特徴とする液体採取方法。 - 請求項7から請求項9のいずれかに記載の液体採取方法において、
前記流体は液体であって、
当該液体を前記採取対象の液体よりも前記吸引吐出手段側の前記流路に満たし、
前記吸引吐出手段側の流路に満たされた当該液体を吸引吐出手段により押し引きして、採取対象の液体を移動制御することを特徴とする液体採取方法。 - 請求項7から請求項12のいずれかに記載の液体採取方法において、
前記採取対象の液体は血液であって、
液体採取方法は採血するための方法であることを特徴とする液体採取方法。
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CN105910847A (zh) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-08-31 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | 一种取液量可调的疏液微阀式微量液体提取装置与方法 |
WO2017199670A1 (ja) * | 2016-05-18 | 2017-11-23 | テルモ株式会社 | 血液検査システムおよび血液検査システムの制御方法 |
JP2021056237A (ja) * | 2016-05-18 | 2021-04-08 | テルモ株式会社 | 血液凝固検査システムおよび血液凝固検査システムの制御方法 |
JP6998444B2 (ja) | 2016-05-18 | 2022-01-18 | テルモ株式会社 | 血液凝固検査システムおよび血液凝固検査システムの制御方法 |
US11318238B2 (en) | 2016-05-18 | 2022-05-03 | Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha | Blood inspection system and blood inspection control method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2894453B1 (en) | 2016-04-06 |
US10271782B2 (en) | 2019-04-30 |
JPWO2014033798A1 (ja) | 2016-08-08 |
EP2894453A1 (en) | 2015-07-15 |
JP6026545B2 (ja) | 2016-11-16 |
EP2894453A4 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
US20160029934A1 (en) | 2016-02-04 |
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