WO2014022945A2 - Interconnectable concrete blocks with a core made of insulating material - Google Patents

Abstract

The lack of mechanical assembly in building blocks which, owing to the shape thereof, create a monolithic structure, coupled with the lack of elements or units of large size owing to the great weight involved in the handling thereof, and the poor thermal insulation of these blocks, has led to the development of building blocks that may be assembled by interlocking, said blocks having, on the underside thereof, one or more recesses and, on the top surface thereof, one or more projections or lugs, wherein said recesses engage with said projections or lugs, forming a monolithic assembly when the blocks are assembled. This enables rapid connection, as the blocks are assembled with underlying blocks, creating an overlapping and interlocking connection allowing the units to act as a monolithic structure, said units both constituting the solution, as regards building elements, and solving the problem of thermal insulation as they incorporate one or more cores made of insulating material, providing a building block that is easy to assemble, lightweight and large in size.

Description

 CONCRETE CONCRETE BLOCKS WITH SOUL INSULATING MATERIAL

: n the solutions of the construction area there are different types of building blocks, js by hand or industrialized, based on clay or concrete, which make up building systems jañilería, either confined or armed.

All existing existing blocks must be bonded with mortar based on wet nitrate binders (basically mortars) which implies that the joint is based on the adhesion of the units by means of said adhesive. The thickness that should be used varies generally between 10 mm, so being a plastic material in the fresh state there is a possibility that it will be under the load of the upper blocks, which prevents the execution of large surfaces, and neral are small blocks due to the weight of the materials that constitute them and the interest that this implies in the manipulation of the blocks and the progress in construction. In addition, they have a poor behavior with respect to thermal insulation due to their materials: ituents (and depending on whether or not they have internal holes).

In general, all the solutions mentioned above require surface termination to correct defects, hide the joints of the glue mortar (stonework) or improve properties of: ón, in addition the mortar used for the union of the blocks once cured results in a material 3 , so in case of earthquakes the blocks tend to fracture because they do not absorb the rmaciones of the resistant frames (pillars and confinement beams).

The present invention offers blocks with union based on assembly of pieces commonly left of box and spike (tongue and groove), used basically in assemblies of wooden pieces, where the basic idea is that the end of one of the pieces fits with a cavity made in the piece. The end or tongue of the first piece is called a spike, while the cavity made another piece is called a box. What allows a quick and safe assembly, because it is the block fits its sides in the spikes of the underlying blocks, creating an interconnected overlapping union of locks that generates monolithism in the plane parallel to the upper and lower faces of the blocks.

The blocks have an orthopedic shape, that is, they have the shape of a rectangular prism), which has six faces, of which the opposite ones are equal to each other. They also incorporate an insulating material i which is wrapped by the concrete or mortar that comprises the outer surface of the block, this insulating material being immersed within the liner or mortar envelope forming an element with built-in insulation, low density and unsurpassed properties. Insulators compared to reinforced concrete and masonry of traditional clay or nigon blocks, in effect based on Chilean Standard NCh853.0f91 (Conditioning ico - Thermal Building Envelope - Calculation of Thermal Resistances and Transmittances) and thermal cation of the country according to Article N ° 4.1.10 of the OGUC the blocks of the present invention) read and exceed several times the requirements of the thermal regulation in force in each and every one of the defined areas of the country (including Antarctica).

 The fact of incorporating the core of insulating material implies that they are elements of low density lar to the cellular concrete), with an approximate value of density in the order of 20% with respect to the reinforced ligon and 28% with respect to the masonry of clay blocks, which allows the jes to be larger than the existing blocks, therefore it facilitates its manipulation, heard progress of the works and decreases the requirements of the supporting structure to pay weight.

 In addition to the mechanical joint provided by the socket, and in replacement of the mortar, an adhesive that forms an elastic seal should be used to add the adhesion on the axis endicular to the plane parallel to the upper and lower faces, providing an elastic joint that rbe dimensional variations and small deformations by earthquake without losing monolithism of the jnto or the fracture of the blocks.

 In the case of pillars and meeting of walls, the core of the blocks destined to these cases can optionally be removed, allowing moldings containing the vertical structural elements to be formed, allowing them to be housed inside as appropriate to the calculation of structural calculation, and of the materiality that the solution requires (reinforced concrete, era or steel), being finally contained within the blocks and invisible to the observer. In order to use a solution in wood or steel structure, it is necessary to use irethane foam or the like to join these elements with the interior of the block and thus achieve monolithism 5 the structure and the blocks that contain it, giving strength and elasticity to the joint between

For a better explanation, a description will be made of a preferred embodiment, in relation to figures, where:

 N ° 1: View of the longitudinal face (elevation) of the block, it is observed envelope and

ections or upper tabs (spikes).

 N ° 2: Illustrates the same element of FIG. N "1, but seen on its transverse face (elevation).

N ° 3: Illustrates the same element of FIG. N "1 but seen on its upper face (floor).

 N ° 4: Illustrates the same element of FIG. N ° 1, but seen in longitudinal section.

 N ° 5: Illustrates the same element of FIG. N ° 1, but seen in cross section.

 N ° 6: Illustrates the assembly of a block coupled with two upper blocks and two blocks

^• iores, seen in longitudinal section. No. 7: View of longitudinal face (elevation) of block for corner solution, it is observed) lvente and projections or upper tabs (spikes).

 N ° 8: Illustrates the same element of FIG. No. 7 but seen on its upper face (floor).

 N ° 9: Illustrates the same element of FIG. N ° 7, but seen in longitudinal section.

 N ° 10: Illustrates the same element of FIG. No. 7, but seen in cross section.

 N ° 11: View of longitudinal face (elevation) of block for pillar solution, observing jlvente and projections or upper tabs (spikes).

 N ° 12: Illustrates the same element of FIG. No. 11 but seen on its upper face (floor).

N ° 13: Illustrates the same element of FIG. N ° 11, but seen in longitudinal section.

N ° 14: Illustrates the conformation of a wall seen in longitudinal elevation.

N ° 14: Illustrates the conformation of a pillar seen in longitudinal and / or transverse elevation.

 Referring to Figures N ° 1, 2, N ° 3 and N ° 4, each block is basically described as a concrete or mortar shell (1) that contains thermal insulation (4), which has a top part ( 2) projections that form the spikes (2) and on its underside (6) cavities that laugh the boxes (3) that define the assembly according to the tongue and groove denomination. For example, in the case of walls, the placement of blocks is carried out in a similar way that a heirloom, half interlocks interlocking through the fittings of the blocks (2) and (3), according to Figure 6, getting a block to connect with two other lower at the same time, which is that each block is mechanically locked with two upper and two lower, and so

2sively each next block, forming a mechanical interlock between them and as a sequence generating a monolithic set.

 Referring to Figures N ° 6, N ° 14 and N ° 1S, the blocks are initially placed in a first course on a level surface, in particular on a leveling mortar or elastic adhesive (10), just seal or adhesive (8) between the transverse faces (7) that stop between blocks, the upper blocks are placed on them, trying to fit overlapping with two lying blocks, and placing adhesive or elastic seal (8) in the box assembly (3) and spigot (2) of each _ | ue was attached, as well as the seal (8) between the transverse faces (7) of the blocks. The procedure is iterated in each course until reaching the height defined for the constructive solution of the wall.

In addition, by removing the insulating core in the blocks defined for corner encounters or res according to Figures No. 7 and No. 11, it is possible to accommodate the vertical structural element or pillar (9) within the set of blocks, in reference to Figures No. 14 and ΝΊ5. Regardless of whether the ructural element is made of reinforced concrete, steel or wood, it must be installed before placing blocks. In the particular case of reinforced concrete, it is. previously place the sandblasting as it is done in masonry and the emptying of the concrete is done once the height is reached For the constructive solution of the wall, the molding provided by the blocks is used: in each case, the seal (8) must be materialized with an epoxy adhesive in order to seal the tightness and resistance to the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the column of Enida concrete until set inside the blocks.

Claims

 1. Lightweight concrete or mortar building blocks, with insulating properties that are easy to assemble in the assembly of vertical and horizontal construction elements, which allow efficient mechanical assembly between them, CHARACTERIZED because it comprises one or more souls of insulating material (4) wrapped in concrete or mortar (1), which has on its lower face one or more cavities (3) and on its upper face one or more projections or tongues (2), where said cavities fit with said projections or tabs generating an element with assembly of interconnection that, when coupled, form a monolithic assembly.  2. Concrete or mortar building blocks according to claim No. CHARACTERIZED in that the insulating material is expanded polystyrene, polyurethane, vermiculite, mineral perlite, clays, pumice or others.  3. Concrete or mortar building blocks according to claim No. 1 CHARACTERIZED because the blocks have the shape of an orthopedic (orthogonal parallelepiped).