Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
  • A61K39/39533—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals
  • A61K39/39566—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals against immunoglobulins, e.g. anti-idiotypic antibodies
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
  • A61K39/42—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum viral
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
  • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
  • A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/08—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses
  • C07K16/10—RNA viruses
  • C07K16/112—Retroviridae (F), e.g. leukemia viruses
  • C07K16/114—Lentivirus (G), e.g. human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], feline immunodeficiency virus [FIV] or simian immunodeficiency virus [SIV]
  • C07K16/1145—Env proteins, e.g. gp41, gp110/120, gp160, V3, principal neutralising domain [PND] or CD4-binding site
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/42—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against immunoglobulins
  • C07K16/4208—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against immunoglobulins against an idiotypic determinant on Ig
  • C07K16/4216—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against immunoglobulins against an idiotypic determinant on Ig against anti-viral Ig
  • C07K16/4225—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against immunoglobulins against an idiotypic determinant on Ig against anti-viral Ig against anti-HIV Ig
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K19/00—Hybrid peptides, i.e. peptides covalently bound to nucleic acids, or non-covalently bound protein-protein complexes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to the modification of an immune system. At least in part the present disclosure relates to the use of a two-component vaccine to modify an immune system. Embodiments of the present disclosure include vaccines that are protective against infectious pathogens and vaccines for the treatment and prevention of cancers. The disclosure further relates to methods, pharmaceutical compositions, uses, kits, and the like.
• Certain cancers are associated with the expression of antigens that may be used as markers of cancers. Vaccines that are effective in targeting these markers would be useful.
• the present disclosure relates, at least in part, to a method of inducing an immune response.
• the method may provide for prevention or treatment of an infection by an infectious agent.
• the method may be useful in the prevention and treatment of cancers.
• the present method may comprise introducing a two-component proteomic stimulus to an immune system, the stimulus comprising an antigen "Ag” complexed to, and/or mixed with, antiidiotypic antibodies "Ab2" that are specific for antibodies "Abl” that are specific for the antigen.
• the antigen Ag may, for example, be one or more components of an infectious pathogen.
• the antigen Ag may also be molecules associated with cancer cells, preferably the molecules are upregulated in cancer cells and/or not present on normal cells.
• Ab2 may also be a fragment of an antiidiotypic antibody, for example a Fab fragment.
• the present disclosure relates, at least in part, to the induction of an immune response using a two-component vaccine comprising mixtures or complexes of (a) a monoclonal antiidiotypic antibody “Ab2" that is specific for antibodies “Abl " that in turn are specific for pathogen or cancer antigens and (b) a monoclonal broadly neutralizing anti- HIV antibody such as a broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibody (BnAb).
• a monoclonal antiidiotypic antibody "Ab2" that is specific for antibodies “Abl " that in turn are specific for pathogen or cancer antigens
• a monoclonal broadly neutralizing anti- HIV antibody such as a broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibody (BnAb).
• the present monoclonal antiidiotypic antibody Ab2 may, for example, be the IgM/ ⁇ antibody 1F7.
• the present disclosure further relates, at least in part, to a method of inducing an immune response comprising immunization with a two-component vaccine followed by immunization with one of the two components of said vaccine or with a monoclonal broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibody (BnAb).
• BnAb monoclonal broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibody
• This disclosure further relates to pharmaceutical compositions, uses and kits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
• Figure 1 Shows model that explains the "Oudin-Cazenave enigma”.
• Figure 2 shows possible mechanism for the induction of a strong immune response against an antigen Ag using complexes or mixtures of antiidiotypic antibodies Ab2 and the antigen Ag.
• Figure 3 shows ELISA assay results showing the immune response to gpl20 and gp41 in rabbit 1, which was immunized with complexes of the monoclonal antibody lF7 and gpl20.
• Figure 4 shows ELISA assay results showing the immune response to gpl20 and gp41 in rabbit 2, which was likewise immunized with complexes of the monoclonal antibody 1F7 and gpl20.
• Figure 5 shows ELISA assay results showing the immune response to gpl20 and gp41 in rabbit 3, which was immunized with complexes of the monoclonal antibody lF7 and MPER.
• Figure 6 shows ELISA assay results showing the immune response to gpl20 and gp41 in rabbit 4, which was likewise immunized with complexes of the monoclonal antibody 1F7 and MPER.
• Figure 7 shows ELISA assay results showing the immune response to gpl20 and gp41 in rabbit 5, which was immunized with gpl20.
• Figure 8 shows ELISA assay results showing the immune response to gpl20 and gp41 in rabbit 6, which was immunized with a mixture of 1F7 and the monoclonal broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibody B12.
• Figure 9 shows ELISA assay results showing the immune response to gpl20 and gp41 in rabbit 7, which was immunized with 1F7 that had been sham treated, that is the step of forming complexes with gpl20 or MPER were taken, but in the absence of gpl20 or MPER.
• Figure 10 shows ELISA assay results showing the immune response to gpl20 and gp41 in rabbit 8, which was likewise immunized with 1F7 that had been sham treated.
• Figure 1 1 shows ELISA assay results showing the immune response to gpl20 and gp41 in rabbit 9, which was immunized with complexes of the monoclonal antibody TEPC183 and MPER.
• Figure 12 shows ELISA assay results showing the immune response to gpl20 and gp41 in rabbit 10, which was immunized with complexes of the monoclonal antibody TEPC183 and MPER.
• the vaccines described herein may be for reducing or preventing infection with any of a large number of infectious agents.
• two- component vaccines comprising complexes and/or mixtures of a monoclonal antiidiotypic antibody Ab2 and an antigen or antigens Ag of the infectious agent may be used for immunization, whereby the antiidiotypic antibody Ab2 is specific for antibodies Abl that are specific for the pathogen.
• Mixtures or complexes of a monoclonal antiidiotypic antibody Ab2 and a monoclonal broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibody may also be used for immunization.
• Immunization with a two-component vaccine may, for example, be followed by immunization with a BnAb or with one of the components of the two- component vaccine.
• Any suitable infection may be prevented, treated, or the prevention or treatment of the disease may be aided, with the present method of inducing an immune response.
• a non-limiting list of certain infectious diseases and their causative agents is as follows:
• Acinetobacter infections Acinetobacter baumannii
• African sleeping sickness African sleeping sickness (Africanrace ,
• HIV Human immunodeficiency virus
• Arcanobacterium haemolyticum infection Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
• BV Bacterial vaginosis
• Bacteroides infection Bacteroides genus
• Baylisascaris infection Baylisascaris genus
• Clostridium botulinum Clostridium botulinum; Note: Botulism is not an infection
• Botulism and Infant botulism
• Clostridium botulinum but caused by the intake of botulinum toxin.
• Burkholderia infection usually Burkholderia cepacia and other Burkholderia species Buruli ulcer Mycobacterium ulcerans
• Candidiasis usually Candida albicans and other Candida species Cat-scratch disease Bartonella henselae
• VZV Chickenpox Varicella zoster virus
• Chromoblastomycosis usually Fonsecaea pedrosoi
• Clostridium difficile infection Clostridium difficile
• CTF Colorado tick fever
• CTFV Colorado tick fever virus
• CJD Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
• Cryptococcosis Cryptococcus neoformans DISEASE SOURCE OF DISEASE
• Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium genus
• Cutaneous larva migrans usually Ancylostoma braziliense; multiple other parasites
• Cyclosporiasis Cyclospora cayetanensis
• Cytomegalovirus infection Cytomegalovirus
• Dengue viruses (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4) -
• Ebola hemorrhagic fever Ebolavirus EBOV
• Echinococcosis Echinococcus genus
• Enterobiasis (Pinworm infection) Enterobius vermicularis
• Enterococcus infection Enterococcus genus
• FFI Fatal familial insomnia
• Gas gangrene usually Clostridium perfringens; other Clostridium species
• GCS syndrome
• Gnathostomiasis Gnathostoma spinigerum and Gnathostoma hispidum
• Haemophilus influenzae infection Haemophilus influenzae
• Enteroviruses mainly Coxsackie A virus and Enterovirus
• HFMD Hand, foot and mouth disease
• Helicobacter pylori infection Helicobacter pylori
• HUS Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
• Herpes simplex Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) DISEASE SOURCE OF DISEASE
• HGA Human granulocytic anaplasmosis
• HPV Human papillomavirus infection Human papillomavirus
• Hymenolepiasis Hymenolepis nana and Hymenolepis diminuta
• Epstein-Barr Virus EBV
• Leishmaniasis Leishmania genus
• Lyme disease usually Borrelia burgdorferi and other Borrelia species
• Lymphatic filariasis Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi
• Lymphocytic choriomeningitis Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)
• MHF Marburg hemorrhagic fever
• Measles Measles virus
• Metagonimiasis usually Metagonimus yokagawai
• Microsporidiosis Microsporidia phylum
• MC Molluscum contagiosum
• MCV Molluscum contagiosum virus
• Murine typhus Endemic typhus
• Neonatal conjunctivitis Ophthalmia
• Nocardiosis usually Nocardia asteroides and other Nocardia species
• Paragonimiasis usually Paragonimus westermani and other Paragonimus species
• Pediculosis capitis Head lice
• Pediculosis pubis Pubic lice, Crab lice Phthirus pubis
• PCP Pneumocystis pneumonia
• Prevotella infection Prevotella genus
• PAM meningoencephalitis
• Respiratory syncytial virus infection Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
• Rhinosporidiosis Rhinosporidium seeberi
• Rhino virus infection Rhinovirus
• RVF Rift Valley fever
• Shigellosis (Bacillary dysentery) Shigella genus
• VZV Varicella zoster virus
• Staphylococcal infection Staphylococcus genus
• Tinea barbae usually Trichophyton genus
• Tinea capitis (Ringworm of the Scalp) usually Trichophyton tonsurans
• Tinea corporis Tinea corporis (Ringworm of the Body) usually Trichophyton genus
• Tinea manuum (Ringworm of the Hand) Trichophyton rubrum
• Tinea nigra usually Hortaea wasneckii
• Tinea pedis (Athlete's foot) usually Trichophyton genus DISEASE SOURCE OF DISEASE
• Tinea unguium Onychomycosis usually Trichophyton genus
• Tinea versicolor Malassezia genus
• Trichinellosis Trichinella spiralis
• Trichomoniasis Trichomonas vaginalis
• Tuberculosis usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• any suitable cancer may be prevented, treated, or the prevention or treatment of the disease may be aided with the present method of inducing an immune response.
• the antigen Ag is an antigen associated with the cancer, and the antiidiotypic antibody Ab2 binds to antibodies Abl specific for a cancer antigen Ag.
• Examples of identified or suspected cancers include, but are not limited to, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; Acute myeloid leukemia; Adrenocortical carcinoma; AIDS-related cancers; AIDS-related lymphoma; Anal cancer; Appendix cancer; Astrocytoma, childhood cerebellar or cerebral; Basal cell carcinoma; Bile duct cancer, extrahepatic; Bladder cancer; Bone cancer, Osteosarcoma/Malignant fibrous histiocytoma; Brainstem glioma; Brain tumor; Brain tumor, cerebellar astrocytoma; Brain tumor, cerebral astrocytoma/malignant glioma; Brain tumor, ependymoma; Brain tumor, medulloblastoma; Brain tumor, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors; Brain tumor, visual pathway and hypothalamic glioma; Breast cancer; Bronchial adenomas/carcinoids; Burkitt lymphoma; Carcino
• Extragonadal Germ cell tumor Extrahepatic bile duct cancer; Eye Cancer, Intraocular melanoma; Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma; Gallbladder cancer; Gastric (Stomach) Cancer; Gastric (Stomach) Cancer, Childhood; Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST); Germ Cell Tumor, Extracranial, Childhood; Germ Cell Tumor, Extragonadal; Germ Cell Tumor, Ovarian; Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor; Glioma, Adult; Glioma, Childhood Brain Stem; Glioma, Childhood Cerebral Astrocytoma; Glioma, Childhood Visual Pathway and Hypothalamic; Gastric Carcinoid; Hairy cell leukemia; Head and neck cancer; Heart cancer; Hepatocellular (liver) cancer; Hodgkin lymphoma; Hypopharyngeal cancer; Hypothalamic and visual pathway glioma, childhood
• Leukemia hairy cell; Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer; Liver Cancer (Primary); Lung Cancer, Non-Small Cell; Lung Cancer, Small Cell; Lymphomas; Lymphoma, AIDS-related;
• Lymphoma Burkitt; Lymphoma, cutaneous T-Cell; Lymphoma, Hodgkin; Lymphomas, Non-Hodgkin (an old classification of all lymphomas except Hodgkin's); Lymphoma, Primary Central Nervous System; Macroglobulinemia, Waldenstrom; Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone/Osteosarcoma; Medulloblastoma, Childhood; Melanoma;
• Melanoma Intraocular (Eye); Merkel Cell Carcinoma; Mesothelioma, Adult Malignant; Mesothelioma, Childhood; Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer with Occult Primary; Mouth Cancer; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome, Childhood; Multiple Myeloma/Plasma Cell Neoplasm; Mycosis Fungoides; Myelodysplasia Syndromes; Myelodysplastic/ Myeloproliferative Diseases; Myelogenous Leukemia, Chronic; Myeloid Leukemia, Adult Acute; Myeloid Leukemia, Childhood Acute; Myeloma, Multiple (Cancer of the Bone- Marrow); Myeloproliferative Disorders, Chronic; Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancer; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Neuroblastoma; Non-Hodgkin lymphoma; Non-small cell lung cancer; Oral Cancer; Oropharyngeal cancer; Osteosarcoma/
• Pancreatic cancer islet cell; Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer; Parathyroid cancer; Penile cancer; Pharyngeal cancer; Pheochromocytoma; Pineal astrocytoma; Pineal germinoma; Pineoblastoma and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, childhood; Pituitary adenoma; Plasma cell neoplasia/Multiple myeloma; Pleuropulmonary blastoma; Primary central nervous system lymphoma; Prostate cancer; Rectal cancer; Renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer); Renal pelvis and ureter, transitional cell cancer;
• Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma; Rhabdomyosarcoma, childhood; Salivary gland cancer; Sarcoma, Ewing family of tumors; Sarcoma, Kaposi; Sarcoma, soft tissue; Sarcoma, uterine; Sezary syndrome; Skin cancer (nonmelanoma); Skin cancer (melanoma); Skin carcinoma, Merkel cell; Small cell lung cancer; Small intestine cancer; Soft tissue sarcoma; Squamous cell carcinoma (nonmelanoma); Squamous neck cancer with occult primary, metastatic;
• Stomach cancer Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor, childhood; T-Cell lymphoma, cutaneous (Mycosis Fungoides and Sezary syndrome); Testicular cancer;
• Trophoblastic tumor gestational; Unknown primary site, carcinoma of, adult; Unknown primary site, cancer of, childhood; Ureter and renal pelvis, transitional cell cancer; Urethral cancer; Uterine cancer, endometrial; Uterine sarcoma; Vaginal cancer; Visual pathway and hypothalamic glioma, childhood; Vulvar cancer; Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia; and Wilms tumor (kidney cancer), childhood.
• cancers are caused by infectious pathogens, and in such cases the cancers may be prevented by immunization against the infectious pathogen using the present method.
• Figure 1 shows a model of how the immune system reacts to an antigen Ag with two antigenic features A and B.
• the symbol a is an abbreviation for "anti-".
• the interactions between clones are symmetrical.
• the aA and aB clones are stimulated by ⁇ / ⁇ clones and vice versa.
• the clones with receptors that have affinity for the antigen are diverse, and there is a process called co-selection involving firstly aA and aB clones and secondly ⁇ / ⁇ clones.
• G. W. Hoffmann (1994) Cell Biol. 72, 338. Clones that are only ⁇ or only ⁇ are not selected nearly as strongly as those that are both ⁇ and ⁇ .
• the criterion for the selection of ⁇ / ⁇ clones is that they recognize as many aA and aB clones as possible. This criterion together with the diversity of the aA and aB clones and the non-linear autocatalytic co-selection process results in the selection of the homogeneous antiidiotypic clones ⁇ / ⁇ . This homogeneous population emerges as a stronger "antigen" than Ag, and stimulates ⁇ / ⁇ clones. Any clone that has complementarity to the ⁇ / ⁇ clones is ⁇ / ⁇ , so the nomenclature becomes ambiguous, with ⁇ / ⁇ including aA and aB clones and clones that have
• the model explains the phenomenon that Jerne called the "Oudin-Cazenave enigma", namely the remarkable finding that an immune response to an antigen can include antibodies to different epitopes of an antigen that express the same idiotype, and can also include antibodies that do not bind to the antigen at all.
• J. Oudin et al. (1971) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (USA) 68, 2616; N. K. Jerne (1974) Ann. Immunol. (Inst. Pasteur), 125C, 373.
• immune responses may involve the selection of a small diversity of antiidiotypic clones, which may be a single clone or a family of closely related clones.
• the V regions of these clones may be powerful antigens that play a central role in the immune response to the antigen.
• Figure 2 shows a proposed mechanism of how the present vaccines may work.
• Ab2 is an antiidiotypic antibody that binds to antibodies Abl that bind to an antigen or antigens Ag of a pathogen or of a cancer.
• Ab2 stimulates Ab3 clones and Ag stimulates Abl ' clones.
• the use of the "Ab” nomenclature is not meant to imply that all these populations are all B cells.
• a homogeneous co-selected population may comprise T cells that are stabilized by a heterogeneous population of B cells. If the Ab4/Ab2 ' population emerges as the strongest antigen in the system, it is believed to be a homogeneous population of Ab4/Ab2 ' T cells that is stabilized by a heterogeneous population of Ab3 ' B cells. If the Ab3 ' population emerges as the strongest antigen in the system, it is believed to be a homogeneous population of Ab3 ' T cells, which is stabilized by a heterogeneous population of Ab4/Ab2 ' B cells.
• the present disclosure provides, in part, a vaccine against an infectious pathogen comprising complexes and/or mixtures of (a) antiidiotypic antibodies Ab2 specific for antibodies Abl that are specific for pathogen antigens Ag and (b) one or more pathogen antigens.
• the present disclosure also provides a vaccine comprising complexes and/or mixtures of (a) antiidiotypic antibodies Ab2 that are specific for antibodies Abl that are specific for a cancer and (b) an antigen or antigens Ag of the cancer.
• Suitable monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies for use herein may be obtained by immunization of a vertebrate with antibodies Abl specific for the pathogen or cancer and selection of monoclonal antibodies that preferably bind to multiple antibodies specific for epitopes on the pathogen or cancer.
• the complexes or mixtures of the antiidiotypic antibody Ab2 and the antigen Ag may be given in an immunogenic dose and/or in an immunogenic form, that is, an immunogenic dose with an adjuvant.
• An effective immunogenic dose may, for example, be in the range of 10 ⁇ g to lmg of the complexes or mixtures.
• the vaccine may be given one, two or more times as needed to induce the desired result such as protection against the infectious agent or cancer.
• Ab4/Ab2 ' T cells become the strongest antigen, the strongest antibody response will be that of Ab3 ' B cells.
• the Ab3 ' antibodies include antibodies that are specific for Ab2 and/or Ag.
• Ab3 ' T cells become the strongest antigen, the strongest antibody response is that of the Ab4/Ab2 ' B cells.
• This response includes the production of antibodies that bind to an Ab3 molecule, for example bind to a BnAb, since BnAbs are assumed to be Ab3 antibodies.
• the present disclosure also provides for the induction of an immune response using a mixture of an antiidiotypic antibody and a BnAb.
• we again determine whether there has been type 1 or a type 2 immune response by determining whether there has been a stronger antibody response to Ag and/or Ab2 than to a BnAb (type 1) or a stronger antibody response to a BnAb than the antibody response to the antigen Ag and/or Ab2 (type 2).
• the present disclosure also provides for the induction of an immune response using a complex or a mixture of (a) an antibody and (b) a pathogen or cancer antigen Ag.
• the antibody may for example be an IgM antibody or an IgG antibody.
• we again determine whether there has been type 1 or a type 2 immune response by determining whether there has been a stronger antibody response to Ag and/or Ab2 than to a BnAb (type 1) or a stronger response to a BnAb than the antibody response to the antigen Ag and/or Ab2 (type 2).
• the immune response may be boosted by immunizing with an antigen that stimulates the strongest antigen in the system.
• the strongest antigen is Ab4/Ab2' T cells
• the vertebrate may be boosted by immunizing with a BnAb, that is, an Ab3.
• the response may be boosted by immunizing with an antigen that is complementary to a BnAb, for example Ab2 or the antigen Ag.
• a fragment of an antibody for example a Fab molecule, may substitute for an antibody.
• Monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies suitable for use in this invention include the monoclonal anti-anti-HIV antibody 1F7. Wang et al. (1992) Eur. J. Immunol. 22, 1749, herein incorporated by reference. 1F7 binds to anti-HIV antibodies in about 73% of HIV- 1 positive sera. 1F7 furthermore binds to six well-characterized monoclonal broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibodies, namely B12, 2G12, VRCOl, 2F5, 4E10 and Z13. Parsons et al. (2011) AIDS 25, 1259, herein incorporated by reference.
• the mAb 1F7 also binds to antibodies present in macaque monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV).
• SIV simian immunodeficiency virus
• 1F7 binds also to antibodies specific for hepatitis C virus (HCV). M. D. Grant (2002) J. Med. Virol. 66, 13; T. K. Davtyan et al. (2009) Immunol. Cell Biol. 87, 457, all herein incorporated by reference.
• Monoclonal broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibodies suitable for use in this invention include B 12, 2G12, VRCOl, 2F5, 4E10 and Z13.
• An antiidiotypic antibody Ab2 and an antigen Ag may be mixed and complexes may be formed that contain Ab2 and Ag. This can be done for example using a cross-linking reagent, for example MBS (m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydoxysuccinimide ester), DSS (disuccinimidyl suberate), BS (bis[sulfosuccinimidyl] suberate),
• MBS m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydoxysuccinimide ester
• DSS disuccinimidyl suberate
• BS bis[sulfosuccinimidyl] suberate
• Complexes may also be formed for example by other methods that cause mild denaturation of Ab2 and Ag, for example heat shock, change in pH or change in ionic strength.
• the present disclosure provides a method for inducing an immune response in a vertebrate "A" to an antigen Ag comprising: obtaining Ag-specific antibodies, for example, from a vertebrate "B” that has been immunized with Ag; producing monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies specific for the said Ag-specific antibodies; producing complexes and/or mixtures of (a) said monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies and (b) the antigen Ag; immunizing the vertebrate A with the said complexes or mixtures.
• the present antiidiotypic antibody may bind to multiple antibodies with specificity for multiple epitopes of the antigen Ag
• the present disclosure provides a method for immunizing a vertebrate "A" against infection with a pathogen comprising: obtaining pathogen-specific antibodies, for example from a vertebrate "B” that has been immunized with or infected by the pathogen, or immunized with pathogen antigen or antigens;producing monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies specific for the said pathogen-specific antibodies; producing complexes and/or mixtures of (a) said monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies and (b) the corresponding pathogen antigen or antigens; immunizing the vertebrate A with the said complexes or mixtures.
• a method for the treatment or prevention of a cancer for the case that there are one or more antigens associated with the cancer, said method comprising: obtaining cancer antigen-specific antibodies, for example from a vertebrate that has been immunized with the cancer antigen-specific antigen or antigens; producing monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies specific for the cancer-specific antibodies; producing complexes and/or mixtures of (i) monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies and (ii) the corresponding cancer antigen or antigens; immunizing a vertebrate with the said complexes and/or mixtures.
• the present infectious agent may be HIV and the monoclonal antiidiotypic antibody may be 1F7.
• the pathogen antigen may be one or more of the proteins or glycoproteins of HIV or SIV, or fragments thereof.
• kits comprising: complexes and/or mixtures of a monoclonal antiidiotypic antibody and the corresponding antigen and a
• the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a monoclonal antiidiotypic antibody complexed to and/or mixed with the corresponding antigen, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier may comprise any suitable material.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises an adjuvant.
• the present disclosure provides the use of a monoclonal antiidiotypic antibody complexed to and/or mixed with the corresponding antigen as a therapeutic or preventive vaccine against an infectious agent or cancer.
• the present disclosure provides a method for immunizing a vertebrate "A" against an infectious agent that causes chronic infection comprising: producing complexes and/or mixtures of (i) 1F7 and (ii) an antigen of the infectious agent; and immunizing the vertebrate A with the said complexes or mixtures.
• a method for inducing an immune response in a vertebrate "A" to an antigen Ag comprising: obtaining Ag-specific antibodies from a vertebrate "B” that has been immunized with Ag; producing monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies specific for the said Ag-specific antibodies; producing complexes and/or mixtures of (i) said monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies and (ii) the antigen Ag; immunizing the vertebrate A with the said complexes and/or mixtures; and immunizing the vertebrate with a broadly neutralizing monoclonal anti-HIV antibody.
• the present disclosure provides a method for inducing an immune response in a vertebrate "A" to an antigen Ag comprising: obtaining Ag-specific antibodies from a vertebrate "B” that has been immunized with Ag; producing monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies specific for the said Ag-specific antibodies; producing a two-component vaccine comprising complexes and/or mixtures of (i) said monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies and (ii) the antigen Ag; immunizing the vertebrate A with the said complexes and/or mixtures; and immunizing the vertebrate with one of the components of the two-component vaccine.
• the present disclosure provides a method for inducing an immune response in a vertebrate "A" to an antigen Ag comprising: obtaining Ag-specific antibodies from a vertebrate "B” that has been immunized with Ag; producing monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies specific for the said Ag-specific antibodies; producing mixtures and/or complexes of (i) said monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies and (ii) a monoclonal broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibody; immunizing the vertebrate A with the said complexes and/or mixtures; and immunizing the vertebrate with a broadly neutralizing monoclonal anti-HIV antibody.
• the present disclosure provides a method for inducing an immune response in a vertebrate "A" to an antigen Ag comprising: obtaining Ag-specific antibodies from a vertebrate "B” that has been immunized with Ag; producing monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies specific for the said Ag-specific antibodies; producing mixtures and/or complexes of (i) said monoclonal antiidiotypic antibodies and (ii) a monoclonal broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibody; immunizing the vertebrate A with the said mixtures and/or complexes; and immunizing the vertebrate with the monoclonal antiidiotypic antibody.
• the present disclosure provides a method for inducing an immune response in a vertebrate "A" to an antigen Ag comprising: producing complexes and/or mixtures of (i) an antibody Ab and (ii) the antigen Ag; immunizing the vertebrate A with the said complexes and/or mixtures; and immunizing the vertebrate with a broadly neutralizing monoclonal anti-HIV
• the present disclosure provides method for inducing an immune response in a vertebrate "A” to an antigen Ag comprising: producing complexes and/or mixtures of (i) an antibody Ab and (ii) the antigen Ag; immunizing the vertebrate A with the said complexes and/or mixtures; and immunizing the vertebrate with the antigen Ag or the antibody Ab.
• the antibody Ab may, for example, be an IgG molecule.
• the present antigen Ag may, for example, be a pathogen antigen, a cancer antigen, or a mixture of antigens.
• the present disclosure provides a kit comprising: a two-component vaccine and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; a monoclonal broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibody and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier;one of the two components of said two- component vaccine and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and instructions for use.
• rabbits are immunized on days 0, 14 and 28, and are bled on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42.
• Rabbits number 1 and 2 are immunized each time with 100 ⁇ g of lF7-gpl20 complexes with alum.
• Rabbits 3 and 4 are immunized each time with 100 g of 1F7-MPER complexes with alum, where MPER is the membrane-proximal ectodomain region of HIV- 1 gp41.
• Rabbit 5 is immunized on day 0 with approximately 50 ⁇ g gpl20 in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA), and on days 14 and 28 with approximately 50 ⁇ g gpl20 in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (I CFA).
• Rabbit 6 is immunized each time with a mixture of 50 ⁇ g of 1F7 and 50 ⁇ g of the BnAb B12 with alum.
• Rabbits 7 and 8 are immunized each time with 1F7 that is sham treated, that is the step of forming complexes with gpl20 or MPER are taken, but in the absence of gpl20 or MPER. These immunizations are also with alum.
• 1F7 is an IgM/ ⁇ monoclonal antibody and rabbits 9 and 10 are immunized each time with complexes of the IgM/ ⁇ monoclonal antibody TEPC183 and MPER with alum.
• Recombinant HIV-1 gpl20-IIIB and rgp41-MN are purchased from Immunodiagnostics, Inc., Woburn, MA. B12, a recombinant human monoclonal antibody to HIV-1 gpl20, blocking binding to CD4, is purchased from PolyMun, Kleinneuburg, Austria.
• Gp41-MPER peptide with the amino acid sequence CELLELDKWASLWNWFDITNWLWYIK is synthesized by Genemed Synthesis, San Antonio, TX.
• Mouse monoclonal (mAb) 1F7, IgM, kappa is provided by Drs.
• TEPC183 (IgM, kappa murine myeloma) is obtained from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO. Goat polyclonal anti-HIV-1 gp41 antibody-HRP is purchased from Abeam Inc., Cambridge, MA.
• All animals are immunized with the antigens on days 0, 14 and 28.
• Group 1 animals (Rabbits Rl and R2) received lOOug lF7-gpl20 conjugate with alum.
• Group 2 animals (Rabbits R3 and R4) received 100 ⁇ g 1F7-MPER conjugate with alum.
• Group 3 animal (Rabbit R5) received approximately 50 ⁇ g gpl20 with Freund's complete adjuvant on day 0, followed by approximately 50 ⁇ g gpl20 in Freund's incomplete adjuvant on days 14 and 28.
• Group 4 animal (Rabbit R6) received 50 ⁇ g 1F7 plus 50 ⁇ g B12.
• Group 5 animals (Rabbits R7 and R8) received 100 g 1F7 cross-linked sham-treated with alum.
• Group 6 animals (Rabbits R9 and R10) received 100 ⁇ g Mouse IgM-peptide conjugate with alum.
• ELISA assays
• Microtiter plate wells are coated with lOOng of either gpl20 or gp41 incubate overnight at 4 °C and then the wells are washed with lx with PBS 0.05% tween 20 (ELISA wash buffer).
• ELISA Wash buffer for gp41 assay contained 0.1% tween 20.
• the plate wells are blocked with Blotto (5% milk powder) 1 hr at 37 °C, and washed with one time ELISA wash buffer. lOul of serum per 190ul PBS are added and serially diluted. The plates are incubated at 4 °C overnight. The wells are washed three times with ELISA wash buffer.
• Mean and standard error of the mean is calculated from duplicate OD readings, and plotted by Prism analysis program and the graphs exported to Microsoft Powerpoint.
• MPER is a gp41 peptide, so the response to gpl20 is evidence of a broad response.
• the control rabbit 5 that is immunized with gpl20 in CFA and then twice with gpl20 in ICFA, responded with the production of a high titre of gpl20 binding antibodies and no gp41 binding antibodies as expected.
• Rabbit 6 responded to the mixture of 1F7 and B12 with the production of both anti-gp 120 and anti-gp41 antibodies, which is evidence of a broad response in the absence of either g l20 or gp41 as part of the immunogen.
• the control rabbits 7 and 8 both responded to immunization with sham treated 1F7 with the production of gpl20 binding antibodies, while there is a weak response (rabbit 8) or no response (rabbit 7) to gp41.
• rabbit 9 and 10 that are immunized with complexes of the monoclonal antibody TEPC183 and MPER
• rabbit 9 there is a high background level of anti-gp 120 antibodies at day 0 which increased following immunization, and no gp41 binding antibodies
• rabbit 10 responded to immunization with the production of both gpl20 binding and gp41 binding antibodies.
• MPER coupled to an IgM antibody is able to induce a broad response.

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Virology (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
• Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
• Biophysics (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• AIDS & HIV (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Mycology (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
• Communicable Diseases (AREA)
• Oncology (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=50067331

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Cited By (1)

Citations (1)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 2013
  • 2013-08-08 US US14/420,604 patent/US20150216973A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2013-08-08 EP EP13827464.2A patent/EP2882455A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2013-08-08 IN IN1483DEN2015 patent/IN2015DN01483A/en unknown
  • 2013-08-08 CA CA2881317A patent/CA2881317A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2013-08-08 WO PCT/CA2013/000710 patent/WO2014022924A1/en not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (1)

Non-Patent Citations (5)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events