WO2014019973A1 - Apparatus for controlling the electromagnetic drive of a switching device, particularly a contactor - Google Patents

Apparatus for controlling the electromagnetic drive of a switching device, particularly a contactor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014019973A1
WO2014019973A1 PCT/EP2013/065879 EP2013065879W WO2014019973A1 WO 2014019973 A1 WO2014019973 A1 WO 2014019973A1 EP 2013065879 W EP2013065879 W EP 2013065879W WO 2014019973 A1 WO2014019973 A1 WO 2014019973A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coil
tightening
drive
magnetic flux
signal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/065879
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ingo Schaar
Witali Steinnagel
Original Assignee
Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority to DE112013003750.5T priority Critical patent/DE112013003750A5/en
Publication of WO2014019973A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014019973A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H01H47/04—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/32—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
    • H01H47/325—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device by switching regulator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F7/1844—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H01F2007/1866—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits with regulation loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F2007/1888—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings using pulse width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
    • H01F2007/1894—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings minimizing impact energy on closure of magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H01H47/04—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current
    • H01H2047/046—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current with measuring of the magnetic field, e.g. of the magnetic flux, for the control of coil current

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for controlling the electromagnetic drive of a switching device, in particular a contactor, and a switching device with such a control device.
  • a magnetic field In switching devices such as contactors with electromagnetic drive a magnetic field must be built in a switching operation in the drive, on the one hand strong enough to drive the drive mechanism, on the other hand, but not too strong to avoid damage in the drive mechanism. Damage can occur, for example, when the magnetic field built up by a tightening coil during the tightening process is so strong that it comes to contact bounce. In this case, a contact strikes against its mating contact with high kinetic energy and bounces back due to this high energy. Depending on the kinetic energy, the contact bounce may repeat several times until a permanent contact is made. As a result, however, the contacts can be mechanically damaged. In addition, especially when switching high power during contact bouncing unwanted arcing, which can lead to a contact erosion.
  • WO97 / 21237A discloses a device for controlling the magnetic flux to a predetermined range which is time and distance independent. This regulation is based on the finding that the desired value of the magnetic flux in the coil (coil flow) used for the control of the drive of a switching device can be selected independent of state and position. Therefore, in the disclosed control of the coil current is controlled so that the most constant coil flow is achieved both during a tightening and holding operation.
  • the coil flow is measured either by a separate and dedicated auxiliary coil or a magnetic field probe. To control a simple threshold comparison is used with an upper and lower threshold for the coil flow.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to propose a further improved device for controlling the electromagnetic drive of a switching device, in particular a contactor, and a switching device with the improved control device.
  • the present invention is provided for switching devices with an electromagnetic drive having a pull-in and a holding coil, which are coupled due to their structural arrangement, so that a magnetic field of the tightening coil induces an electrical voltage in the holding coil.
  • an electromagnetic drive having a pull-in and a holding coil, which are coupled due to their structural arrangement, so that a magnetic field of the tightening coil induces an electrical voltage in the holding coil.
  • a switching device in the holding coil induction voltage
  • a Based on the voltage induced during the tightening process of a switching device in the holding coil (induction voltage) is now according to the invention a generates the signal flux corresponding to the magnetic flux of the tightening coil, which is used to form a control difference together with a reference variable which predetermines the magnetic flux characteristic to be generated by the tightening coil during the tightening process.
  • the measured with the help of the holding coil magnetic flux of the coil is then adjusted according to the calculated difference continuously the reference variable.
  • This allows an optimally adapted to the drive, in particular the operating condition of the drive control of the coil flux of the tightening coil can be compensated with the magnetic flux of the tension coil influencing variables such as fluctuations in the coil input voltage and the coil temperature continuously during the tightening process and at the same time a desired is achieved by the reference variable predetermined magnetic flux of the tension coil as accurate as possible.
  • An embodiment of the invention relates to a device for controlling the electromagnetic drive of a switching device, in particular a contactor comprising a tightening coil and a holding coil coupled thereto, with a transducer for measuring a in the holding coil by the magnetic flux of the tightening coil in a tightening operation of the drive generated induction voltage and for generating a calculated based on the measured induction voltage signal magnitude corresponding to the magnetic flux of the attracting coil, and a controller for continuously setting the pulse width of a pulse width modulated signal for driving the tightening coil during the tightening operation in response to a control difference consisting of a Reference variable and is formed from the signal size, wherein the reference variable predetermines a setpoint course of the magnetic flux of the tightening coil during the tightening process, which is determined as a function of various influences on the drive.
  • the pulse width By controlling the pulse width, a very accurate control of the behavior of the electromagnetic drive during the tightening process can be achieved. Since the command variable no speed-course is specified as in the regulation described in DE 195 35 211 AI, but a setpoint course of the magnetic flux of the tightening coil, the behavior of the electromagnetic drive can be better adjusted to drive influences, such as fluctuations in Input voltage of the tightening coil and temperature influences. In particular, it can be ensured that the behavior of the drive is approximately the same at virtually any input voltage and ambient temperature, which also improves the switching speed and the power consumption of the tightening coil can be reduced.
  • the setpoint course can be determined depending on different mounting positions and / or the supply voltage of the drive and / or the temperature of the tightening coil.
  • the desired value curve can be derived from a measurement of the magnetic flux curve in the holding coil of the drive at a first position of the drive and a further measurement at a second, different from the first, so that a switching device with the drive both in the first and the second layer can work as trouble-free as possible.
  • measurements of the magnetic flux profile in the holding coil of the drive at different temperatures and supply voltages of the drive, in particular the tightening coil during the tightening process for the determination of an optimized target value course s can be evaluated.
  • a magnetic field sensor may further be provided, and the controller may further be configured to continuously adjust the supply voltage of the holding coil depending on a second control difference consisting of a second magnetic flux to be generated by the holding coil Reference variable and a second, formed from the measurement signal of the magnetic field sensor signal size is formed.
  • the magnetic flux of the holding coil in the holding operation of the electromagnetic drive can be controlled, whereby temperature and input voltage fluctuations of the holding coil can be compensated and thus reliable operation of the drive can be ensured in holding operation.
  • the controller may have a P controller which adjusts the pulse width of the pulse width modulated signal in proportion to the control difference.
  • the pulse width between a maximum and a minimum value can be set as a function of the control difference, so that a predetermined minimum or maximum magnetic flux is generated in the tightening coil, at least if the minimum value is not exceeded or the maximum value is exceeded by control deviation. Too large deviations, ie when the control difference in amount exceeds a predetermined threshold, can also be provided that the drive is turned off to avoid damage when, for example, a switching device with a controlled by the control device drive with too high Supply voltage is operated, or even with too low or too fluctuating supply voltage.
  • the transducer and / or the controller may be implemented by a processor and a memory in which a program for calculating the signal magnitude based on the measured induction voltage, for forming the control difference from the reference variable and the signal supplied to the processor and for controlling the pulse width of the Pulse width modulated signal is stored depending on the control difference.
  • the processor and the memory can be implemented, for example, by a microcontroller having a memory in which a firmware of a switching device is implemented, which implements the aforementioned control functions.
  • the setpoint course of the magnetic flux of the tightening coil during the tightening process, which is processed by the firmware can also be stored in the memory.
  • a further embodiment of the invention relates to a switching device, in particular contactor, with a switching drive having a tightening coil and a holding coil coupled thereto, and a control device according to the invention and as described above for controlling the magnetic coil to be generated by the tightening coil during a tightening operation river.
  • FIG. 1 a block diagram of an embodiment of a device for controlling the electromagnetic drive of a large power contactor according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of a large power contactor incorporating a control device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a time diagram with exemplary profiles of a reference variable w of the device for controlling the electromagnetic drive according to the invention, a signal quantity wx generated according to the invention and the calculated control difference xd and the PWM signal y controlled as a function of the control difference xd.
  • Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of the control device according to the invention for an electromagnetic drive of a contactor of high power.
  • the contactor drive has a tightening coil and a holding coil (in FIG. 1 controlled system 12).
  • the holding coil is coupled to the tightening coil in such a way that the same magnetic flux acts in both coils.
  • the voltage UHalt -N * d * / dt is established via the holding coil when a magnetic flux is generated by the tightening coil during the tightening process.
  • the voltage UHalt corresponds to an induced voltage Ulnd, which is designated in FIG. 1 as quantity x.
  • a transducer 14 calculates the time-dependent magnetic flux ⁇ (t) from the voltage Ulnd (size x) and outputs the calculated flux as the signal quantity wx.
  • a subtractor subtracts the signal magnitude wx from a command value w, which provides a setpoint characteristic of the magnetic flux in the tightening coil during the tightening operation.
  • the setpoint curve was determined depending on various influences on the drive. For this, measurements of the magnetic flux characteristic in the tightening coil are carried out during various different influences on the contactor drive. Measurements can be made for different mounting positions of the contactor, at different supply voltages of the drive and / or at different temperatures. From the flux curves determined by the various measurements, a setpoint curve is then determined which corresponds to an optimal function of the Drive is adapted under different operating conditions, in particular ensures the best possible function for different mounting positions, supply voltage and temperature ranges.
  • the control difference xd generated by the subtractor is fed to a controller 16, which adjusts the pulse width of a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal y to drive the tightening coil as a function of the control difference xd.
  • FIG. 3 shows exemplary waveforms of the signals w, wx, xd and y for clarification of the regulation.
  • the PWM signal y has a period T. During each period T, the signal y is turned on for the time T on.
  • the time Tein corresponds to the pulse width of the signal y during each period T and determines the magnetic flux generated in the suiting coil • (t), since the suiting coil is energized when the signal y is switched on.
  • the time Tein is determined by the controller 16 depending on the control difference xd.
  • a minimum and maximum value are given, which can be 0 or T in the extreme case.
  • Tein can be set in proportion to xd between the minimum and maximum values.
  • the controller 16 implements a P-law that proportionally converts the control difference xd into a time Tein. By this regulation, the magnetic flux of the tightening coil can be set very accurately and finely.
  • Fig. 2 shows a circuit diagram of a contactor of high power with an implementation of the control device according to the invention by a microcontroller.
  • the contactor is connected via the two supply connections AI and A2 with AC lines LI and N.
  • the contactor can hereby be designed to be supplied with an alternating voltage in the range of a few to several hundred volts.
  • the voltage applied to the inputs AI and A2 voltage is supplied to a rectifier circuit 30.
  • the DC voltage generated by the rectifier circuit 30 is fed directly to a pull-in coil 28 and a holding coil 26 of the switching drive of the contactor.
  • the suiting coil 28 and the holding coil 26 can each be connected via a FET (field effect transistor) 32 or 34 to a reference potential, so that when the FET is turned on, the respective coil is energized and a magnetic flux is generated.
  • FET field effect transistor
  • only the tightening coil 28 is energized during the tightening process, whereby the switching drive is moved to close the switching contacts 36 of the contactor.
  • the switch contacts 36 are closed, switching is made to the hold mode in which only the hold coil 26 is energized. Due to the structural design of the holding and tightening coil 26 and 28, both are so coupled, that flows in them when energizing one of the two coils, the same magnetic flux • flows.
  • the voltage Ulnd is induced in the holding coil 26 due to the magnetic flux generated by the tightening coil 28.
  • This voltage Ulnd is converted via a resistor network 24, in particular a voltage divider, into a voltage which is fed to an input of a microprocessor or controller 20 of the contactor for further processing.
  • the microprocessor or controller 20 executes a stored in a (not shown) memory operating program of the contactor, which implements the control shown in FIG. 1 in principle.
  • the control variable w for the control is stored as setpoint curve 22 of the magnetic flux ⁇ (t) during the tightening process and is read out by the microprocessor or controller 20 for the purposes of control.
  • the microprocessor or controller 20 By the control implemented by the operating program, the microprocessor or controller 20 generates the signal shown in FIG. 3 as y for driving the tightening coil FET 32.
  • a magnetic sensor such as a Hall sensor or GMR (Giant Magneto Resistance) may be provided, the measured value is evaluated in holding operation by the microprocessor or controller 20 to control the holding coil FET 34 so that generated by the holding coil 26 in the hold mode magnetic flux corresponds to a predetermined setpoint course.
  • the nominal value course of the magnetic flux will typically be constant, so that in principle only a constant value has to be stored as the setpoint course.
  • control of the electromagnetic drive of a switching device can be generated by adjusting a defined magnetic flux of the coil of the electromagnetic drive, which can be achieved by the input voltage and temperature of the suit coil almost independent behavior of the drive.

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus (10; 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 32, 34) for controlling the electromagnetic drive (12; 26 28) of a switching device, particularly a contactor, that has a closing coil (28) and a holding coil (26) that is physically coupled to the latter, having a measuring transformer (14; 24) for measuring an induction voltage (UInd) that is produced in the holding coil (26) by the magnetic flow from the closing coil (28) during a closing operation for the drive and for producing a signal variable (wx) that corresponds to the magnetic flow from the closing coil using the measured induction voltage and having a controller (16; 20) for continuously adjusting the pulse width of a pulse-width-modulated signal (y) in order to control the closing coil during the closing operation on the basis of a control difference (xd) that is formed from a reference variable (w) and from the signal variable (wx), wherein the reference variable prescribes a setpoint value profile (22) for the magnetic flow from the closing coil (28) during the closing operation, which setpoint value profile is ascertained on the basis of various influences on the drive.

Description

VORRICHTUNG ZUM REGELN DES ELEKTROMAGNETISCHEN ANTRIEBS EINES SCHALTGERAETS, INSBESONDERE EINES SCHUETZES  DEVICE FOR REGULATING THE ELECTROMAGNETIC DRIVE OF A SWITCHING DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR A COVER
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Regeln des elektromagnetischen Antriebs eines Schaltgeräts, insbesondere eines Schützes, sowie ein Schaltgerät mit einer derartigen Regelvorrichtung . The invention relates to a device for controlling the electromagnetic drive of a switching device, in particular a contactor, and a switching device with such a control device.
Bei Schaltgeräten wie Leistungsschützen mit elektromagnetischem Antrieb muss bei einem Schaltvorgang im Antrieb ein magnetisches Feld aufgebaut werden, das einerseits stark genug ist, um die Antriebsmechanik anzutreiben, andererseits aber auch nicht zu stark ist, um Beschädigungen in der Antriebsmechanik zu vermeiden. Beschädigungen können beispielsweise dann entstehen, wenn das durch eine Anzugspule beim Anzugsvorgang aufgebaute Magnetfeld so stark ist, dass es zum Kontaktprellen kommt. Hierbei schlägt ein Kontakt auf seinen Gegenkontakt mit hoher kinetischer Energie auf und prallt aufgrund dieser hohen Energie wieder zurück. Abhängig von der kinetischen Energie kann sich das Kontaktprellen mehrmals wiederholen, bis ein dauerhafter Kontakt zustande kommt. Dadurch können jedoch die Kontakte mechanisch beschädigt werden. Außerdem können vor allem beim Schalten hoher Leistungen beim Kontaktprellen unerwünschte Lichtbögen entstehen, die zu einem Kontaktabbrand führen können. In switching devices such as contactors with electromagnetic drive a magnetic field must be built in a switching operation in the drive, on the one hand strong enough to drive the drive mechanism, on the other hand, but not too strong to avoid damage in the drive mechanism. Damage can occur, for example, when the magnetic field built up by a tightening coil during the tightening process is so strong that it comes to contact bounce. In this case, a contact strikes against its mating contact with high kinetic energy and bounces back due to this high energy. Depending on the kinetic energy, the contact bounce may repeat several times until a permanent contact is made. As a result, however, the contacts can be mechanically damaged. In addition, especially when switching high power during contact bouncing unwanted arcing, which can lead to a contact erosion.
In der DE 195 35 211 AI wird daher vorgeschlagen, ein Schaltgerät in einen geeigneten Regelkreis mit einem Zweipunkt-Regler einzubinden, der in der Lage ist, einen Anzugsvorgang im gesamten zulässigen Betriebsbereich mit einer auf den Kontaktapparat zugeschnittenen Kontaktgabe-Geschwindigkeit durchzuführen, die auf minimales Prellen optimiert ist. Um das Regelungsziel einer angepassten Kontaktgabe-Geschwindigkeit zu erreichen, wird mittels eines Sensors der Istwert des Magnetflusses detektiert und mit einen gewünschten Geschwindigkeits- Weg- Verlauf vorgebenden Sollwertfolgen verglichen. Bei einer positiven Differenz zwischen Soll- und Istwert wird vom Zweipunkt-Regler die Steuerspannung auf die Erregerwicklung des elektromagnetischen Schaltgerätantriebs geschaltet, ansonsten abgeschaltet. Durch die Sollwertfolgen wird der Antrieb des Schaltgeräts zu dem den Sollwertfolgen entsprechenden Geschwindigkeits-Weg-Verlauf gezwungen, der auf den Kontaktapparat des Schaltgeräts so zugeschnitten sein kann, dass unerwünschtes Kontaktprellen reduziert wird. In DE 195 35 211 AI is therefore proposed to incorporate a switching device in a suitable control circuit with a two-point controller, which is able to perform a tightening operation in the entire permissible operating range with a tailored to the contact device contact speed, the minimum Bouncing is optimized. In order to achieve the control objective of an adapted contact-making speed, the actual value of the magnetic flux is detected by means of a sensor and compared with a setpoint value sequence which predetermines desired speed-course characteristics. In the case of a positive difference between setpoint and actual value, the control voltage is switched to the excitation winding of the electromagnetic switching device drive by the two-position controller, otherwise switched off. Due to the setpoint sequences, the drive of the Forced switching device to the speed-course curve corresponding to the setpoint sequences, which can be tailored to the contactor of the switching device so that undesirable contact bounce is reduced.
Die W097/21237A offenbart eine Einrichtung zum Regeln des magnetischen Flusses auf einen vorgegebenen Bereich, der zeit- und wegunabhängig ist. Dieser Regelung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass der für die Regelung verwendete Sollwert des magnetischen Flusses in der Spule (Spulenfluss) des Antriebs eines Schaltgeräts zustands- und positionsunabhängig gewählt werden kann. Daher wird bei der offenbarten Regelung der Spulenstrom so geregelt, dass ein möglichst konstanter Spulenfluss sowohl während eines Anzug- als auch Haltevorgangs erreicht wird. Der Spulenfluss wird hierbei entweder durch eine gesonderte und speziell dafür vorgesehene Hilfsspule oder eine Magnetfeldsonde gemessen. Zur Regelung wird ein einfacher Schwellwertvergleich mit einer oberen und unteren Schwelle für den Spulenfluss eingesetzt. WO97 / 21237A discloses a device for controlling the magnetic flux to a predetermined range which is time and distance independent. This regulation is based on the finding that the desired value of the magnetic flux in the coil (coil flow) used for the control of the drive of a switching device can be selected independent of state and position. Therefore, in the disclosed control of the coil current is controlled so that the most constant coil flow is achieved both during a tightening and holding operation. The coil flow is measured either by a separate and dedicated auxiliary coil or a magnetic field probe. To control a simple threshold comparison is used with an upper and lower threshold for the coil flow.
Weiterhin ist aus der US2006/0171091A1 eine Regelung der Bewegung eines Ankers eines elektromagnetischen Schützantriebs abhängig von der Ankerstellung bekannt. Die aktuelle Ankerstellung kann hierbei basierend auf der Messung des magnetischen Flusses der Anzugspule mittels einer Sensorspule von einem Prozessor geschätzt werden. Zur Schätzung kann das Verhältnis von gemessenem Anzugspulenstrom zum magnetischen Fluss ausgewertet werden. Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es nun, eine weiter verbesserte Vorrichtung zum Regeln des elektromagnetischen Antriebs eines Schaltgeräts, insbesondere eines Schützes, und ein Schaltgerät mit der verbesserten Regelvorrichtung vorzuschlagen. Furthermore, regulation of the movement of an armature of an electromagnetic contactor drive as a function of the armature position is known from US2006 / 0171091A1. The current armature position can be estimated by a processor based on the measurement of the magnetic flux of the tightening coil by means of a sensor coil. For estimation, the ratio of measured pull coil current to magnetic flux can be evaluated. Object of the present invention is therefore to propose a further improved device for controlling the electromagnetic drive of a switching device, in particular a contactor, and a switching device with the improved control device.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Gegenstände der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche. Die vorliegende Erfindung ist für Schaltgeräte mit einem elektromagnetischem Antrieb vorgesehen, der eine Anzug- und eine Haltespule aufweist, die aufgrund ihrer baulichen Anordnung gekoppelt sind, so dass ein magnetisches Feld der Anzugspule eine elektrische Spannung in der Haltespule induziert. Anhand der beim Anzugvorgang eines Schaltgeräts in der Haltespule induzierten Spannung (Induktionsspannung) wird nun nach der Erfindung eine dem magnetischen Fluss der Anzugspule entsprechende Signalgröße erzeugt, die zum Bilden einer Regeldifferenz zusammen mit einer Führungsgröße verwendet wird, welche den von der Anzugspule während des Anzugvorgangs zu erzeugenden zeitlichen magnetischen Flussverlauf vorgibt. Der mit Hilfe der Haltespule gemessene magnetische Fluss der Anzug spule wird dann entsprechend der berechneten Differenz kontinuierlich der Führungsgröße nachgeführt. Hierdurch kann eine optimal an den Antrieb, insbesondere den Betriebszustand des Antriebs angepasste Regelung des Spulenflusses der Anzugspule erreicht werden, mit der auch den magnetischen Fluss der Anzugspule beeinflussende Größen wie Schwankungen der Spuleneingangsspannung und die Spulentemperatur fortlaufend während des Anzugsvorgangs kompensiert werden können und gleichzeitig ein gewünschter durch die Führungsgröße vorgegebener magnetischer Fluss der Anzugspule möglichst genau erreicht wird. This object is solved by the subject matters of the independent claims. Further embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. The present invention is provided for switching devices with an electromagnetic drive having a pull-in and a holding coil, which are coupled due to their structural arrangement, so that a magnetic field of the tightening coil induces an electrical voltage in the holding coil. Based on the voltage induced during the tightening process of a switching device in the holding coil (induction voltage) is now according to the invention a generates the signal flux corresponding to the magnetic flux of the tightening coil, which is used to form a control difference together with a reference variable which predetermines the magnetic flux characteristic to be generated by the tightening coil during the tightening process. The measured with the help of the holding coil magnetic flux of the coil is then adjusted according to the calculated difference continuously the reference variable. This allows an optimally adapted to the drive, in particular the operating condition of the drive control of the coil flux of the tightening coil can be compensated with the magnetic flux of the tension coil influencing variables such as fluctuations in the coil input voltage and the coil temperature continuously during the tightening process and at the same time a desired is achieved by the reference variable predetermined magnetic flux of the tension coil as accurate as possible.
Eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Regeln des elektromagnetischen Antriebs eines Schaltgeräts, insbesondere eines Schützes, der eine Anzugspule und eine mit dieser gekoppelten Haltespule aufweist, mit einem Messwandler zum Messen einer in der Haltespule durch den magnetischen Fluss der Anzugspule bei einem Anzugvorgang des Antriebs erzeugten Induktionsspannung und zum Erzeugen einer anhand der gemessenen Induktionsspannung berechneten Signalgröße, die dem magnetischen Fluss der Anzugspule entspricht, und einem Regler zum kontinuierlichen Einstellen der Pulsweite eines Pulsweiten-Modulierten-Signals zum Ansteuern der Anzugspule während des Anzugvorgangs abhängig von einer Regeldifferenz, die aus einer Führungsgröße und aus der Signalgröße gebildet wird, wobei die Führungsgröße einen abhängig von verschiedenen Einflüssen auf den Antrieb ermittelten Sollwertverlauf des magnetischen Flusses der Anzugspule während des Anzugvorgangs vorgibt. Durch die Regelung der Pulsweite kann eine sehr genaue Regelung des Verhaltens des elektromagnetischen Antriebs während des Anzugvorgangs erreicht werden. Da durch die Führungsgröße kein Geschwindigkeits-Weg- Verlauf wie bei der in der DE 195 35 211 AI beschriebenen Regelung vorgegeben wird, sondern ein Sollwertverlauf des magnetischen Flusses der Anzugspule, kann das Verhalten des elektromagnetischen Antriebs besser auf Antriebseinflüsse eingestellt werden, wie beispielsweise Schwankungen der Eingangsspannung der Anzugspule und Temperatureinflüsse. Insbesondere kann sichergestellt werden, dass das Verhalten des Antriebs bei nahezu jeder Eingangsspannung und jeder Umgebungstemperatur etwa gleich ist, wodurch auch die Schaltgeschwindigkeit verbessert und die Stromaufnahme der Anzugspule reduziert werden kann. An embodiment of the invention relates to a device for controlling the electromagnetic drive of a switching device, in particular a contactor comprising a tightening coil and a holding coil coupled thereto, with a transducer for measuring a in the holding coil by the magnetic flux of the tightening coil in a tightening operation of the drive generated induction voltage and for generating a calculated based on the measured induction voltage signal magnitude corresponding to the magnetic flux of the attracting coil, and a controller for continuously setting the pulse width of a pulse width modulated signal for driving the tightening coil during the tightening operation in response to a control difference consisting of a Reference variable and is formed from the signal size, wherein the reference variable predetermines a setpoint course of the magnetic flux of the tightening coil during the tightening process, which is determined as a function of various influences on the drive. By controlling the pulse width, a very accurate control of the behavior of the electromagnetic drive during the tightening process can be achieved. Since the command variable no speed-course is specified as in the regulation described in DE 195 35 211 AI, but a setpoint course of the magnetic flux of the tightening coil, the behavior of the electromagnetic drive can be better adjusted to drive influences, such as fluctuations in Input voltage of the tightening coil and temperature influences. In particular, it can be ensured that the behavior of the drive is approximately the same at virtually any input voltage and ambient temperature, which also improves the switching speed and the power consumption of the tightening coil can be reduced.
Der Sollwertverlauf kann abhängig von unterschiedlichen Einbaulagen und/oder der Versorgungsspannung des Antriebs und/oder der Temperatur der Anzugspule ermittelt worden sein. Beispielsweise kann der Sollwertverlauf aus einer Messung des magnetischen Flussverlaufs in der Haltespule des Antriebs bei einer ersten Lage des Antriebs und einer weiteren Messung bei einer zweiten, von der ersten unterschiedlichen Lage abgeleitet werden, so dass ein Schaltgerät mit dem Antrieb sowohl in der ersten als auch der zweiten Lage möglichst störungsfrei arbeiten kann. Ebenso können Messungen des magnetischen Flussverlaufs in der Haltespule des Antriebs bei verschiedenen Temperaturen und Versorgungsspannungen des Antriebs, insbesondere der Anzugspule während des Anzugvorgangs für die Ermittlung eines optimierten Soll wertverlauf s ausgewertet werden. The setpoint course can be determined depending on different mounting positions and / or the supply voltage of the drive and / or the temperature of the tightening coil. For example, the desired value curve can be derived from a measurement of the magnetic flux curve in the holding coil of the drive at a first position of the drive and a further measurement at a second, different from the first, so that a switching device with the drive both in the first and the second layer can work as trouble-free as possible. Likewise, measurements of the magnetic flux profile in the holding coil of the drive at different temperatures and supply voltages of the drive, in particular the tightening coil during the tightening process for the determination of an optimized target value course s can be evaluated.
Weiterhin kann zum Messen des magnetischen Flusses der Haltespule ferner ein Magnetfeld- Sensor vorgesehen sein, und der Regler ferner zum kontinuierlichen Einstellen der Versorgungsspannung der Haltespule abhängig von einer zweiten Regeldifferenz ausgebildet sein, die aus einer zweiten, den von der Haltespule zu erzeugenden magnetischen Fluss vorgebenden Führungsgröße und einer zweiten, aus dem Messsignal des Magnetfeld-Sensor gebildeten Signalgröße gebildet wird. Somit kann auch der magnetische Fluss der Haltespule im Haltebetrieb des elektromagnetischen Antriebs geregelt werden, wodurch Temperatur- und Eingangsspannungsschwankungen der Haltespule kompensiert werden können und somit eine zuverlässige Funktion des Antriebs im Haltebetrieb gewährleistet werden kann. Furthermore, for measuring the magnetic flux of the holding coil, a magnetic field sensor may further be provided, and the controller may further be configured to continuously adjust the supply voltage of the holding coil depending on a second control difference consisting of a second magnetic flux to be generated by the holding coil Reference variable and a second, formed from the measurement signal of the magnetic field sensor signal size is formed. Thus, the magnetic flux of the holding coil in the holding operation of the electromagnetic drive can be controlled, whereby temperature and input voltage fluctuations of the holding coil can be compensated and thus reliable operation of the drive can be ensured in holding operation.
Der Regler kann einen P-Regler aufweisen, der die Pulsweite des Pulsweiten-Modulierten- Signals proportional zur Regeldifferenz einstellt. Hierbei kann die Pulsweite zwischen einem Maximal- und einem Minimalwerte abhängig von der Regeldifferenz eingestellt werden, so dass zumindest bei Unterschreiten des Minimalwertes oder Überschreiten des Maximalwertes durch Regeldifferenz ein vorgegebener minimaler bzw. maximaler magnetischer Fluss in der Anzugspule erzeugt wird. Bei zu großen Regelabweichungen, d.h. wenn die Regeldifferenz betragsmäßig einen vorgegebenen Schwellwert überschreitet, kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass der Antrieb abgeschaltet wird, um Beschädigungen zu vermeiden, wenn beispielsweise ein Schaltgerät mit einem durch die Regelvorrichtung geregelten Antriebs mit einer zu hohen Versorgungsspannung betrieben wird, oder auch mit einer zu niedrigen oder zu stark schwankenden Versorgungsspannung. The controller may have a P controller which adjusts the pulse width of the pulse width modulated signal in proportion to the control difference. In this case, the pulse width between a maximum and a minimum value can be set as a function of the control difference, so that a predetermined minimum or maximum magnetic flux is generated in the tightening coil, at least if the minimum value is not exceeded or the maximum value is exceeded by control deviation. Too large deviations, ie when the control difference in amount exceeds a predetermined threshold, can also be provided that the drive is turned off to avoid damage when, for example, a switching device with a controlled by the control device drive with too high Supply voltage is operated, or even with too low or too fluctuating supply voltage.
Der Messwandler und/oder der Regler können durch einen Prozessor und einen Speicher implementiert werden, in dem ein Programm zum Berechnen der Signalgröße anhand der gemessenen Induktionsspannung, zum Bilden der Regeldifferenz aus der Führungsgröße und aus der dem Prozessor zugeführten Signalgröße und zum Regeln der Pulsweite des Pulsweiten-Modulierten-Signals abhängig von der Regeldifferenz gespeichert ist. Der Prozessor und der Speicher können beispielsweise durch einen Mikrokontroller implementiert werden, der einen Speicher besitzt, in dem eine Firmware eines Schaltgeräts abgelegt ist, welche die vorgenannten Regelfunktionen implementiert. In dem Speicher kann auch der Sollwertverlauf des magnetischen Flusses der Anzugspule während des Anzugvorgangs abgelegt sein, der von der Firmware verarbeitet wird. The transducer and / or the controller may be implemented by a processor and a memory in which a program for calculating the signal magnitude based on the measured induction voltage, for forming the control difference from the reference variable and the signal supplied to the processor and for controlling the pulse width of the Pulse width modulated signal is stored depending on the control difference. The processor and the memory can be implemented, for example, by a microcontroller having a memory in which a firmware of a switching device is implemented, which implements the aforementioned control functions. The setpoint course of the magnetic flux of the tightening coil during the tightening process, which is processed by the firmware, can also be stored in the memory.
Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung betrifft ein Schaltgerät, insbesondere Schütz, mit einem Schaltantrieb, der eine Anzugspule und eine mit dieser baulich gekoppelten Haltespule aufweist, und einer Regelvorrichtung nach der Erfindung und wie vorstehend beschrieben zum Regeln des von der Anzugspule bei einem Anzugvorgang zu erzeugenden magnetischen Flusses. A further embodiment of the invention relates to a switching device, in particular contactor, with a switching drive having a tightening coil and a holding coil coupled thereto, and a control device according to the invention and as described above for controlling the magnetic coil to be generated by the tightening coil during a tightening operation river.
Weitere Vorteile und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung in Verbindung mit den in den Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen. Further advantages and possible applications of the present invention will become apparent from the following description in conjunction with the embodiments illustrated in the drawings.
In der Beschreibung, in den Ansprüchen, in der Zusammenfassung und in den Zeichnungen werden die in der hinten angeführten Liste der Bezugszeichen verwendeten Begriffe und zugeordneten Bezugszeichen verwendet. In the description, in the claims, in the abstract and in the drawings, the terms and associated reference numerals used in the list of reference numerals recited below are used.
Die Zeichnungen zeigen in Fig. 1 ein Blockdiagram eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Vorrichtung zum Regeln des elektromagnetischen Antriebs eines Schützes großer Leistung gemäß der Erfindung; Fig. 2 ein Schaltbild eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Schützes großer Leistung, in das eine Regelvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung integriert ist; und The drawings show in Fig. 1 a block diagram of an embodiment of a device for controlling the electromagnetic drive of a large power contactor according to the invention; Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of a large power contactor incorporating a control device according to the invention; and
Fig. 3 ein Zeitdiagramm mit beispielhaften Verläufen einer Führungsgröße w der Vorrichtung zum Regeln des elektromagnetischen Antriebs gemäß der Erfindung, einer erfindungsgemäß erzeugten Signalgröße wx und der berechneten Regeldifferenz xd sowie dem abhängig von der Regeldifferenz xd geregelten PWM-Signal y. 3 shows a time diagram with exemplary profiles of a reference variable w of the device for controlling the electromagnetic drive according to the invention, a signal quantity wx generated according to the invention and the calculated control difference xd and the PWM signal y controlled as a function of the control difference xd.
In der folgenden Beschreibung können gleiche, funktional gleiche und funktional zusammenhängende Elemente mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen sein. Absolute Werte sind im Folgenden nur beispielhaft angegeben und sind nicht als die Erfindung einschränkend zu verstehen. In the following description, identical, functionally identical and functionally connected elements may be provided with the same reference numerals. Absolute values are given below by way of example only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Fig. 1 zeigt ein Blockdiagramm der erfindungsgemäßen Regelvorrichtung für einen elektromagnetischen Antrieb eines Schützes großer Leistung. Der Schütz- Antrieb weist eine Anzugspule und eine Haltespule auf (in Fig. 1 Regelstrecke 12). Konstruktiv ist die Haltespule mit der Anzugspule so gekoppelt, dass in beiden Spulen derselbe magnetische Fluss · wirkt. Dadurch stellt sich über die Haltespule die Spannung UHalt = -N * d · /dt ein, wenn ein magnetischer Fluss · während des Anzugvorgangs von der Anzugspule erzeugt wird. Die Spannung UHalt entspricht einer induzierten Spannung Ulnd, die in Fig. 1 als Größe x bezeichnet ist. Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of the control device according to the invention for an electromagnetic drive of a contactor of high power. The contactor drive has a tightening coil and a holding coil (in FIG. 1 controlled system 12). In terms of design, the holding coil is coupled to the tightening coil in such a way that the same magnetic flux acts in both coils. As a result, the voltage UHalt = -N * d * / dt is established via the holding coil when a magnetic flux is generated by the tightening coil during the tightening process. The voltage UHalt corresponds to an induced voltage Ulnd, which is designated in FIG. 1 as quantity x.
Ein Messwandler 14 errechnet aus der Spannung Ulnd (Größe x) den zeitabhängigen magnetischen Fluss · (t) und gibt den berechneten Fluss als Signalgröße wx aus. A transducer 14 calculates the time-dependent magnetic flux · (t) from the voltage Ulnd (size x) and outputs the calculated flux as the signal quantity wx.
Ein Subtrahierer subtrahiert die Signalgröße wx von einer Führungsgröße w, die einen Sollwertverlauf des magnetischen Flusses in der Anzugspule während des Anzugvorgangs vorgibt. Der Sollwertverlauf wurde hierbei abhängig von verschiedenen Einflüssen auf den Antrieb ermittelt. Hierzu werden Messungen des magnetischen Flussverlaufs in der Anzugspule während verschiedener unterschiedlicher Einflüsse auf den Schützantrieb durchgeführt. Messungen können für verschiedene Einbaulagen des Schützes, bei verschiedenen Versorgungsspannungen des Antriebs und/oder bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen durchgeführt werden. Aus den durch die verschiedenen Messungen ermittelten Flussverläufen wird dann ein Sollwertverlauf ermittelt, der an eine optimale Funktion des Antriebs unter verschiedenen Betriebsbedingungen angepasst ist, insbesondere eine möglichst optimale Funktion für verschiedene Einbaulagen, Versorgungsspannungs- und Temperaturbereiche gewährleistet. A subtractor subtracts the signal magnitude wx from a command value w, which provides a setpoint characteristic of the magnetic flux in the tightening coil during the tightening operation. The setpoint curve was determined depending on various influences on the drive. For this, measurements of the magnetic flux characteristic in the tightening coil are carried out during various different influences on the contactor drive. Measurements can be made for different mounting positions of the contactor, at different supply voltages of the drive and / or at different temperatures. From the flux curves determined by the various measurements, a setpoint curve is then determined which corresponds to an optimal function of the Drive is adapted under different operating conditions, in particular ensures the best possible function for different mounting positions, supply voltage and temperature ranges.
Die vom Subtrahierer erzeugte Regeldifferenz xd wird einem Regler 16 zugeführt, der abhängig von der Regeldifferenz xd die Pulsweite eines Pulsweiten-Modulierten- (PWM)Signals y zum Ansteuern der Anzugspule einstellt. In Fig. 3 sind beispielhafte Verläufe der Signale w, wx, xd und y zur Verdeutlichung der Regelung gezeigt. Wie in Fig. 3 gezeigt ist, weist das PWM-Signal y eine Periode T auf. Während jeder Periode T wird das Signal y für die Zeit Tein eingeschaltet. Die Zeit Tein entspricht der Pulsweite des Signals y während jeder Periode T und bestimmt den in der Anzugspule erzeugten magnetischen Fluss • (t), da bei eingeschaltetem Signal y die Anzugspule bestromt wird. Die Zeit Tein wird vom Regler 16 abhängig von der Regeldifferenz xd bestimmt. Typischerweise sind für Tein ein Minimal- und Maximalwert vorgegeben, die im Extremfall 0 bzw. T sein können. Zwischen dem Minimal- und Maximalwert kann Tein beispielsweise proportional zu xd eingestellt werden. In diesem Fall implementiert der Regler 16 einen P-Regel, der die Regeldifferenz xd proportional in eine Zeit Tein umsetzt. Durch diese Regelung kann der magnetische Fluss der Anzugspule sehr genau und fein eingestellt werden. The control difference xd generated by the subtractor is fed to a controller 16, which adjusts the pulse width of a pulse width modulated (PWM) signal y to drive the tightening coil as a function of the control difference xd. FIG. 3 shows exemplary waveforms of the signals w, wx, xd and y for clarification of the regulation. As shown in Fig. 3, the PWM signal y has a period T. During each period T, the signal y is turned on for the time T on. The time Tein corresponds to the pulse width of the signal y during each period T and determines the magnetic flux generated in the suiting coil • (t), since the suiting coil is energized when the signal y is switched on. The time Tein is determined by the controller 16 depending on the control difference xd. Typically, for Tein a minimum and maximum value are given, which can be 0 or T in the extreme case. For example, Tein can be set in proportion to xd between the minimum and maximum values. In this case, the controller 16 implements a P-law that proportionally converts the control difference xd into a time Tein. By this regulation, the magnetic flux of the tightening coil can be set very accurately and finely.
Fig. 2 zeigt ein Schaltbild eines Schützes großer Leistung mit einer Implementierung der erfindungsgemäßen Regelvorrichtung durch einen Mikrokontroller. Das Schütz ist über die beiden Versorgungsanschlüsse AI und A2 mit Wechselspannungsleitungen LI und N verbunden. Das Schütz kann hierbei darauf ausgelegt sein, um mit einer Wechselspannung in einem Bereich von wenigen bis mehreren Hundert Volt gespeist zu werden. Die an den Eingängen AI und A2 anliegende Spannung wird einer Gleichrichterschaltung 30 zugeführt. Die von der Gleichrichterschaltung 30 erzeugte Gleichspannung wird direkt einer Anzugspule 28 und einer Haltespule 26 des Schaltantriebs des Schützes zugeführt. Die Anzugspule 28 und die Haltespule 26 sind jeweils über einen FET (Feldeffekt-Transistor) 32 bzw. 34 mit einem Bezugspotential verbindbar, so dass bei durchgeschalteten FET die jeweilige Spule bestromt und ein magnetischer Fluss erzeugt wird. Während eines Schaltvorgangs wird beim Anzugvorgang nur die Anzugspule 28 bestromt, wodurch der Schaltantrieb bewegt wird, um die Schaltkontakte 36 des Schützes zu schließen. Wenn die Schaltkontakte 36 geschlossen sind, wird in den Haltebetrieb umgeschaltet, in dem nur die Haltespule 26 bestromt wird. Durch die konstruktive Auslegung der Halte- und Anzugspule 26 bzw. 28 sind beide so gekoppelt, dass in ihnen bei Bestromung einer der beiden Spulen derselbe magnetische Fluss • fließt. Beim Anzugvorgang wird daher in der Haltespule 26 aufgrund des von der Anzugspule 28 erzeugten magnetischen Flusses die Spannung Ulnd induziert. Diese Spannung Ulnd wird über ein Widerstandsnetzwerk 24, insbesondere einem Spannungsteiler, in eine Spannung umgewandelt, die zur weiteren Verarbeitung einem Eingang eines Mikroprozessors oder -kontrollers 20 des Schützes zugeführt wird. Der Mikroprozessor oder -kontroller 20 führt ein in einem (nicht dargestellten) Speicher abgelegtes Betriebsprogramm des Schützes aus, welches im Prinzip die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Regelung implementiert. Die Führungsgröße w für die Regelung ist als Sollwertverlauf 22 des magnetischen Flusses · (t) während des Anzugvorgangs gespeichert und wird vom Mikroprozessor oder -kontroller 20 für die Zwecke der Regelung ausgelesen. Durch die durch das Betriebsprogamm implementierte Regelung erzeugt der Mikroprozessor oder -kontroller 20 das in Fig. 3 als y gezeigte Signal zur Ansteuerung des Anzugspulen-FETs 32. Um den magnetischen Fluss auch im Haltebetrieb des Schützes, also in einem statischen Zustand zu regeln, kann ferner ein magnetischer Sensor wie ein Hallsensor oder GMR (Giant Magneto Resistance; Riesenmagnetowiderstand) vorgesehen sein, dessen Messwert im Haltebetrieb vom Mikroprozessor oder -kontroller 20 ausgewertet wird, um den Haltespulen-FET 34 so anzusteuern, dass der von der Haltespule 26 im Haltebetrieb erzeugte magnetische Fluss einem vorgegebenen Sollwertverlauf entspricht. Im Haltebetrieb wird der Sollwertverlauf des magnetischen Flusses typischerweise konstant sein, so dass als Sollwertverlauf im Prinzip lediglich ein konstanter Wert gespeichert werden muss. Fig. 2 shows a circuit diagram of a contactor of high power with an implementation of the control device according to the invention by a microcontroller. The contactor is connected via the two supply connections AI and A2 with AC lines LI and N. The contactor can hereby be designed to be supplied with an alternating voltage in the range of a few to several hundred volts. The voltage applied to the inputs AI and A2 voltage is supplied to a rectifier circuit 30. The DC voltage generated by the rectifier circuit 30 is fed directly to a pull-in coil 28 and a holding coil 26 of the switching drive of the contactor. The suiting coil 28 and the holding coil 26 can each be connected via a FET (field effect transistor) 32 or 34 to a reference potential, so that when the FET is turned on, the respective coil is energized and a magnetic flux is generated. During a switching operation, only the tightening coil 28 is energized during the tightening process, whereby the switching drive is moved to close the switching contacts 36 of the contactor. When the switch contacts 36 are closed, switching is made to the hold mode in which only the hold coil 26 is energized. Due to the structural design of the holding and tightening coil 26 and 28, both are so coupled, that flows in them when energizing one of the two coils, the same magnetic flux • flows. During the tightening process, therefore, the voltage Ulnd is induced in the holding coil 26 due to the magnetic flux generated by the tightening coil 28. This voltage Ulnd is converted via a resistor network 24, in particular a voltage divider, into a voltage which is fed to an input of a microprocessor or controller 20 of the contactor for further processing. The microprocessor or controller 20 executes a stored in a (not shown) memory operating program of the contactor, which implements the control shown in FIG. 1 in principle. The control variable w for the control is stored as setpoint curve 22 of the magnetic flux · (t) during the tightening process and is read out by the microprocessor or controller 20 for the purposes of control. By the control implemented by the operating program, the microprocessor or controller 20 generates the signal shown in FIG. 3 as y for driving the tightening coil FET 32. In order to control the magnetic flux in the holding operation of the contactor, ie in a static state, can Furthermore, a magnetic sensor such as a Hall sensor or GMR (Giant Magneto Resistance) may be provided, the measured value is evaluated in holding operation by the microprocessor or controller 20 to control the holding coil FET 34 so that generated by the holding coil 26 in the hold mode magnetic flux corresponds to a predetermined setpoint course. In holding mode, the nominal value course of the magnetic flux will typically be constant, so that in principle only a constant value has to be stored as the setpoint course.
Mit der vorliegenden Erfindung kann die Regelung des elektromagnetischen Antriebs eines Schaltgeräts durch Einstellen eines definierten magnetischen Flusses der Anzugspule des elektromagnetischen Antriebs erzeugt werden, wodurch von der Eingangsspannung und Temperatur der Anzug spule nahezu unabhängiges Verhalten des Antriebs erreicht werden kann. Bezugszeichen With the present invention, the control of the electromagnetic drive of a switching device can be generated by adjusting a defined magnetic flux of the coil of the electromagnetic drive, which can be achieved by the input voltage and temperature of the suit coil almost independent behavior of the drive. reference numeral
10 Regelvorrichtung 10 control device
12 Anzug- und Haltespule des elektromagnetischen Schützantriebs 12 Tightening and holding coil of the electromagnetic contactor drive
14 Messwandler 14 transducers
16 Regler 16 controllers
18 Subtrahierer  18 subtractors
20 Mikrokontroller  20 microcontroller
22 gespeicherter Sollwertverlauf  22 stored setpoint course
24 Widerstandsnetzwerk  24 resistor network
26 Haltespule 26 holding coil
28 Anzugspule  28 suit reel
30 Gleichrichter  30 rectifiers
32 Haltespulen-FET  32 holding coil FET
34 Anzugspulen-FET  34 Tightening coil FET
36 Schaltkontakte wx Signalgröße 36 switch contacts wx signal size
w Führungsgröße w reference variable
xd Regeldifferenz xd control difference
y Versorgungsspannung y supply voltage

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Vorrichtung (10; 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 32, 34) zum Regeln des elektromagnetischen Antriebs (12; 26 28) eines Schaltgeräts, insbesondere eines Schützes, der eine 1. Device (10, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 32, 34) for controlling the electromagnetic drive (12, 26, 28) of a switching device, in particular a contactor, having a
Anzugspule (28) und eine mit dieser gekoppelten Haltespule (26) aufweist, mit einem Messwandler (14; 24) zum Messen einer in der Haltespule (26) durch den magnetischen Fluss der Anzugspule (28) bei einem Anzugvorgang des Antriebs erzeugten Induktionsspannung (Ulnd) und zum Erzeugen einer Signalgröße (wx), die dem magnetischen Fluss der Anzugspule entspricht, anhand der gemessenen Induktionsspannung und einem Regler (16; 20) zum kontinuierlichen Einstellen der Pulsweite eines Pulsweiten-Modulierten-Signals (y) zum Ansteuern der Anzugspule während des Anzugvorgangs abhängig von einer Regeldifferenz (xd), die aus einer  An attracting coil (28) and a holding coil (26) coupled thereto, comprising a transducer (14; 24) for measuring an induction voltage generated in the holding coil (26) by the magnetic flux of the tightening coil (28) during a tightening operation of the drive ) and for generating a signal magnitude (wx) corresponding to the magnetic flux of the attracting coil from the measured induction voltage and a regulator (16; 20) for continuously adjusting the pulse width of a pulse width modulated signal (y) for driving the attracting coil during the process Suit operation depends on a control difference (xd), which consists of a
Führungsgröße (w) und aus der Signalgröße (wx) gebildet wird, wobei die Führungsgröße einen abhängig von verschiedenen Einflüssen auf den Antrieb ermittelten Sollwertverlauf (22) des magnetischen Flusses der Anzugspule (28) während des Anzugvorgangs vorgibt.  Reference value (w) and from the signal size (wx) is formed, wherein the reference variable determines a dependent on various influences on the drive determined setpoint curve (22) of the magnetic flux of the tightening coil (28) during the tightening operation.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sollwertverlauf (22) abhängig von unterschiedlichen Einbaulagen und/oder der Versorgungsspannung des Antriebs und/oder der Temperatur der Anzug spule ermittelt wurde. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the desired value course (22) was determined as a function of different installation positions and / or the supply voltage of the drive and / or the temperature of the tightening coil.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zum Messen des magnetischen Flusses der Haltespule ferner ein Magnetfeld-Sensor vorgesehen ist, und der Regler zum kontinuierlichen Einstellen der Versorgungsspannung der Haltespule abhängig von einer zweiten Regeldifferenz ausgebildet ist, die aus einer zweiten, den von der Haltespule zu erzeugenden magnetischen Fluss vorgebenden Führungsgröße und einer zweiten, aus dem Messsignal des Magnetfeld-Sensor gebildeten Signalgröße gebildet wird. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for measuring the magnetic flux of the holding coil further comprises a magnetic field sensor is provided, and the controller for continuously adjusting the supply voltage of the holding coil is formed depending on a second control difference, consisting of a second , the command value to be generated by the holding coil to be generated magnetic flux command and a second, formed from the measurement signal of the magnetic field sensor signal size is formed.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Regler einen P-Regler aufweist, der die Pulsweite des Pulsweiten- Modulierten-Signals (y) proportional zur Regeldifferenz (xd) einstellt. 4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the controller has a P-controller, which sets the pulse width of the pulse width modulated signal (y) proportional to the control difference (xd).
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Messwandler (14) und/oder der Regler (16) durch einen Prozessor und einen Speicher implementiert werden, in dem ein Programm zum Berechnen der 5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transducer (14) and / or the controller (16) are implemented by a processor and a memory in which a program for calculating the
Signalgröße (wx) anhand der gemessenen Induktionsspannung, zum Bilden der Regeldifferenz (xd) aus der Führungsgröße (w) und aus der dem Prozessor zugeführten Signalgröße (wx) und zum Regeln der Pulsweite des Pulsweiten- Modulierten-Signals (y) abhängig von der Regeldifferenz (xd) gespeichert ist.  Signal magnitude (wx) based on the measured induction voltage, for forming the control difference (xd) from the reference variable (w) and from the signal supplied to the processor signal size (wx) and for regulating the pulse width of the pulse width-modulated signal (y) depending on the control difference (xd) is stored.
6. Schaltgerät, insbesondere Schütz, mit einem Schaltantrieb, der eine Anzugspule und eine mit dieser baulich gekoppelten Haltespule aufweist, und einer Regelvorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche zum Regeln des von der Anzugspule bei einem Anzugvorgang zu erzeugenden magnetischen Flusses. 6. switching device, in particular contactor, with a switching drive, which has a tightening coil and a structurally coupled to this holding coil, and a control device according to one of the preceding claims for controlling the magnetic coil to be generated by the tightening coil in a tightening operation.
PCT/EP2013/065879 2012-07-30 2013-07-29 Apparatus for controlling the electromagnetic drive of a switching device, particularly a contactor WO2014019973A1 (en)

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