WO2014016192A1 - Heat exchanger for a motor vehicle, comprising an attachment flange - Google Patents

Heat exchanger for a motor vehicle, comprising an attachment flange Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014016192A1
WO2014016192A1 PCT/EP2013/065161 EP2013065161W WO2014016192A1 WO 2014016192 A1 WO2014016192 A1 WO 2014016192A1 EP 2013065161 W EP2013065161 W EP 2013065161W WO 2014016192 A1 WO2014016192 A1 WO 2014016192A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flange
housing
brazing
heat exchanger
projection
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/065161
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Laurent Odillard
Sébastien Devedeux
Original Assignee
Valeo Systemes Thermiques
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Systemes Thermiques filed Critical Valeo Systemes Thermiques
Priority to KR1020157004482A priority Critical patent/KR101706874B1/en
Priority to EP13739673.5A priority patent/EP2877804A1/en
Publication of WO2014016192A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014016192A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1684—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/001—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core
    • F28F9/002—Casings in the form of plate-like arrangements; Frames enclosing a heat exchange core with fastening means for other structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0082—Charged air coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/04—Fastening; Joining by brazing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2280/00—Mounting arrangements; Arrangements for facilitating assembling or disassembling of heat exchanger parts
    • F28F2280/06—Adapter frames, e.g. for mounting heat exchanger cores on other structure and for allowing fluidic connections

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of heat exchangers for motor vehicles and relates more specifically to the air supply of the engines, in particular by supercharging air.
  • a heat exchanger comprising exchange elements in the form of tubes for the flow of fluid, housed in an envelope called a housing, and a manifold for receiving the tubes.
  • this exchanger is attached to a vehicle member such as a manifold or an engine member, for example an actuator, an intake manifold, a cylinder head.
  • the exchanger comprises a fixing flange, having screw holes of the exchanger on the body.
  • the housing, the tubes and the collector are generally assembled together by brazing and the flange is fixed to the housing or manifold by TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) type welding or by crimping.
  • TIG Tungsten Inert Gas
  • the thickness of the flange which can be five to ten times greater than the thickness of the housing or the collector, does not allow to carry out brazing operation between the flange and the aforementioned elements, because that the brazing of two pieces having very different masses generates a bad bead of solder.
  • the welding or crimping of the flange on the housing are expensive and relatively complex assembly phases, which add to the brazing step of the heat exchanger.
  • the positioning of a seal is necessary to prevent liquid leakage.
  • the size of the exchanger is increased along the longitudinal axis and the transverse axis due to the presence of crimping teeth.
  • the flange is welded using a TIG process, it is necessary to work under an inert atmosphere.
  • the present invention is intended to provide a heat exchanger whose method of assembling the flange on the housing, directly or indirectly via the collector for example, is simplified, while limiting the manufacturing cost or even the size of the casing of the heat exchanger.
  • the subject of the invention is a heat exchanger for a motor vehicle, comprising a casing for accommodating exchange elements, the exchanger comprising an end provided with a flange for fixing the casing to a body of the vehicle.
  • the fixing flange comprising a contact surface with the member, this surface being provided with screw holes of the flange on the member, and an opposite surface for fixing the flange on the housing, said internal surface, in wherein the inner surface is a substantially planar surface having a peripheral brazing projection.
  • a brazing peripheral projection on the surface of the fixing flange which will be fixed on the housing.
  • the projection may thus have a smaller thickness than the rest of the flange, and thus allow attachment to the heat exchanger by soldering, whereas the flange generally has a thickness that is too great compared to the rest of the flange. to the rest of the heat exchanger, discouraging brazing on it.
  • a particular advantage lies in the fact that the brazing of this flange can be done simultaneously with all the other brazed elements of the heat exchanger, for example simultaneously with the soldering of the walls of the housing, the collector and / or the elements of the heat exchanger. 'exchange.
  • This is advantageous time saving, since it is only a single brazing step in place of the two usual steps of brazing the exchanger on the one hand, and crimping or welding the flange on the exchanger on the other hand.
  • brazing by means of a peripheral brazing projection makes it possible to provide a brazing surface in the form of a bead, thus limiting the extent of the brazing zone and guaranteeing a good airtightness of the assembly. . It is thus possible to avoid having a seal between the flange and the housing.
  • the inner surface of the flange can be fixed to the housing directly or indirectly.
  • the internal surface of the flange can be fixed on the housing by means of the manifold which is itself fixed on the housing.
  • the word "casing” generally designates an envelope or a casing, for example of parallelepipedal general shape, enveloping the heat exchange elements, which are generally heat exchange tubes.
  • Period projection is understood to mean a protrusion preferably made of material and continuous over the entire periphery of the flange, capable of receive a layer of filler metal to braze the flange on the housing.
  • the heat exchanger is used for supplying air to a motor vehicle engine, especially when the supply air, called charge air, comes from a compressor or a turbocharger.
  • the air can come as well from the only intake system of the engine that be from a mixture of air and exhaust gas recovered at the output of the engine, according to the system generally known by the acronym EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation).
  • EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation
  • the density of the charge air can be increased by cooling the charge air, by means of a heat exchanger called charge air cooler or RAS.
  • a charge air cooler may comprise at least one bundle of heat exchange elements, comprising parallel tubes or a stack of plates alternately forming circulation channels for the supercharged air to be cooled and channels for the circulation of the engine coolant. The exchange of heat between the tubes or the plates and the air of supercharging is done in part by means of a turbulator.
  • the air circulates in a network of tubes held at their end by two collectors fixed on the housing.
  • Water can be dispensed through two water channels feeding the spaces between the tubes.
  • These channels can be formed in the walls (or cheeks) of the housing, the latter ensuring the separation and sealing of the water relative to the external environment and also serving as an attachment point for fixing the exchanger.
  • Air can be distributed over the exchange element bundle via an inlet manifold and outlet manifold.
  • the heat exchanger as defined above may further include one or more of the following features, taken alone or in combination.
  • the brazing peripheral projection has a thickness of the same order of magnitude as the thickness of a portion of the exchanger on which it is brazed, such as the housing or the collector.
  • the peripheral brazing projection has a thickness less than three times the thickness of this portion of the exchanger, more preferably less than twice this thickness.
  • the peripheral projection has a thickness adapted for quality brazing to take place between the fixing flange and the part of the exchanger on which it is brazed, even though the flange may have a much greater thickness than this part of the exchanger.
  • the fastening flange has a thickness at least twice as large as the portion of the exchanger on which it is brazed, preferably greater than five times greater, or ten times greater.
  • the term "thickness of the flange" the distance between the contact surface and the substantially flat surface of the inner surface. In the case of a flange having a much greater thickness than the part of the exchanger on which it is brazed, the peripheral brazing projection is particularly advantageous, because without it the solder bead would be of poor quality and the fixing would be not robust.
  • the flange comprises fixing lugs, the peripheral brazing projection extending around these attachment lugs.
  • the attachment lugs make it possible to secure the flange on the body by screwing.
  • the flange generally has a large thickness, so that the peripheral brazing surface is particularly advantageous.
  • the flange has an inner edge and an outer edge, the brazing peripheral projection extending along the outer edge and the flange having a second brazing peripheral projection extending along the inner edge. This ensures, with this second brazing projection, brazing of an even better quality.
  • the flange is directly soldered to a collector, the manifold itself being soldered to the housing.
  • peripheral brazing projection is achieved by stamping.
  • the housing is assembled by soldering, so that the brazing of the flange on the housing can be simultaneous with the brazing of the rest of the housing.
  • it is referred to as "one shot" brazing, which is particularly advantageous for facilitating the manufacturing process and for improving the positioning of the flange with respect to the casing.
  • the flange provides a fixing by screwing the housing on a member of a vehicle engine, a seal being preferably disposed between the contact surface of the flange and the body.
  • the seal disposed between the flange and the member increases the thickness to be screwed, so that the flange must be thick enough to ensure this screwing.
  • the peripheral brazing projection is particularly advantageous in this case.
  • the heat exchanger comprises a second flange for fixing the casing, arranged on the opposite side to the first fastening flange.
  • the invention further relates to a fastening flange for a heat exchanger as described above, comprising, on the brazing peripheral projection, a filler metal layer, for subsequent brazing of the flange on the housing.
  • the subject of the invention is also a process for brazing a heat exchanger, comprising a brazing step during which the casing walls are simultaneously pressed against one another and on the other side by the flange. fixing with at least one of the following elements taken from the housing, the exchange elements, or a collector.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of a heat exchanger according to one embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded partial perspective view of the exchanger of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view along the plane A-A of the exchanger of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a flange of the exchanger of FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 4a is a sectional view of part of the flange of FIG. 4
  • FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4 of a flange according to another embodiment
  • FIG. 5a is a sectional view of part of the flange of FIG. 5
  • FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 4 of a flange according to another embodiment
  • Figure 6a is a sectional view of a portion of the flange of Figure 6.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show a heat exchanger 10 for a motor vehicle, intended more specifically for supplying air to the engine of the vehicle.
  • the exchanger 10 is a charge air exchanger, from a compressor or a turbocharger.
  • the heat exchanger 10 comprises a casing 12, or casing 12, as well as exchange elements 14 arranged inside the housing 12, in the form of tubes 14.
  • the heat exchanger 10 is also provided with a collector 16 on at least one of its ends, for receiving the tubes 14 , and includes a fastening flange 18 of the housing to a motor member.
  • the fixing flange 18 is fixed on the casing 12 via the collector 16, that is to say that it is fixed on the collector 16, itself fixed on the housing 12.
  • the flange fastening 18 can be assembled by screwing the exchanger 10 with a manifold attached to a motor member, or directly with a motor member.
  • the engine member on which the flange is screwed can be for example the motor yoke, an actuator, or for example an intake manifold.
  • the heat exchanger 10 may further comprise a fixing flange on each of its ends.
  • the direction of the exchanger which is parallel to the axis of the tubes 14 is defined as a longitudinal direction L, the transverse plane being designated by a horizontal direction I defining a width of the exchanger and a vertical direction h defining a height of the exchanger.
  • the housing 12 has a generally parallelepipedal shape, having four walls 13, also called cheeks 13 of the exchanger.
  • the casing 12 more precisely comprises two lateral walls parallel to the vertical longitudinal plane (L, h), each having two brazed longitudinal edges with two adjacent horizontal walls, the horizontal walls being parallel to the horizontal longitudinal plane (L, I) and forming the walls lower and upper part of the volume constituting the casing 12.
  • the housing 12 has at least one of its longitudinal ends a peripheral edge 22 for fixing the housing with the collector 16 and the fastening flange 18.
  • This edge 22 is oriented parallel to the vertical transverse plane (I, h), it extends in a direction perpendicular to the walls 13 of the housing 12, has a substantially rectangular contour and is provided in this example with six fixing lugs 24A of circular shape.
  • Each of the attachment lugs 24A delimits an orifice 26 adapted to receive a fastening means of the screw-nut type.
  • the casing 12 also comprises in this example, on the longitudinal edges of the side walls 13, crimping lugs 28 which are folded over them. same and which strengthen the walls 13 which are brazed with each other.
  • the heat exchange tubes 14 are arranged parallel and vertically inside the casing 12.
  • the tubes 14 are fixed to the casing 12 by soldering and are also received at their end by the collector 16.
  • the section of the tubes 14 according to a transverse sectional plane is oblong.
  • the tubes 14 are arranged parallel to each other forming a bundle of tubes whose function is to allow air to circulate inside the tubes while the spaces 15 between the tubes form channels for a circulation of liquid such as water.
  • the tubes 14 have a length in the longitudinal direction substantially greater than that of the walls 13 of the housing and their height is slightly less than the height of the housing 12 to allow their insertion inside the latter.
  • the collector 16 is mounted at the end of the exchanger 10. It has a substantially rectangular contour and extends in a vertical transverse plane, parallel to the edge 22. It has two substantially flat opposed surfaces, one disposed on the side of the housing 12, the other disposed on the side of the mounting flange 18. More specifically, the collector 16 has an inner surface 17, disposed on the housing side, adapted to be pressed against and brazed on the edge 22 of the housing 12. This inner surface 17 of the collector 16 has fastening lugs 24B which are arranged opposite the fastening lugs 24A of the edge 22 of the casing 12. The collector 16 also has oblong openings 32 for receiving the tubes 14, whose shape is complementary to that of the cross section of a tube14.
  • each opening 32 thus allows to receive the end of a tube 14 which protrudes from the housing of the exchanger 10. It can be seen in Figures 2 and 3 that each opening 32 is delimited by a collar and a material bridge. 34 delimiting the inter-tube space 15 previously described.
  • the collars and material bridges 34 surrounding the openings 32 of the collector 16 are interposed between the tubes 14 and thus obstruct the gaps 15 between the tubes, thus ensuring the seal between the flow of water and the flow of air.
  • the flanges and material bridges 34 further provide a stiffening function of the exchanger.
  • the collector 16 is also soldered to the tubes 14 by means of the collars 34 which are brazed on the ends of the 14.
  • the manifold 16 keeps the ends of the tubes 14 in an orderly position and also prevents the flow of water inside the manifold or the engine member on which is fixed the exchanger.
  • the fastening flange 18 has a substantially rectangular contour and extends in a vertical transverse plane, parallel to the edge 22 and the collector 16. It comprises a surface 25 of contact with the member, flat, and an opposite surface, said surface 18A, for the fixing of the flange 18 on the housing 12.
  • the inner surface 18A is used to fix the flange on the housing through the manifold 16, it is soldered to an outer wall 36 of the collector 16 opposite to the inner wall 17 of the collector.
  • the flange 18 has a general shape whose profile corresponds to that of the wall 36 of the collector and, like the housing and the collector, it is provided with fastening lugs 24C perforated and adapted to receive fastening means of the screw type -nut.
  • the axes of these ears 24C coincide with the axes of the attachment lugs of the collector 16 and the housing 12.
  • the contact surface 25 of the flange is adapted to be assembled by screwing on the manifold or the engine member.
  • the flange 18 has a thickness at least twice, preferably five times or ten times greater than that of the housing, tubes or the manifold, in particular greater than the part of the exchanger on which it is brazed, namely the collector 16.
  • a seal may be disposed between the contact surface 25 of the flange 18 and the organ or the collecting box.
  • the inner surface 18A of the flange 18 is substantially flat and provided with a brazing projection, said brazing peripheral projection 40.
  • the latter is arranged along the contour of the flange 18 and s 'also extends around the fixing ears 24C. It is manufactured by stamping and its thickness in the longitudinal direction is of the same order of magnitude as the thickness of the housing 12 or the collector 16.
  • the role of the peripheral projection 40 is to allow brazing of the flange 18 on the housing, through the collector 16.
  • the peripheral projection 40 has a thickness of the same order of magnitude as the thickness of the part of the exchanger on which it is brazed, so that the thickness of the housing 12 or the collector 16.
  • the brazing peripheral projection 40 has a thickness less than three times the thickness of this portion of the exchanger, more preferably less than twice this thickness.
  • the exchanger 10 includes a brazing process in which all the elements of the exchanger are brazed in a single step, that is to say that the elements are brazed simultaneously with each other.
  • the flange 18 can thus be soldered together with the tubes 14, the walls 13 of the housing 12 and the collector 16.
  • the walls of the housing 13, the heat exchange tubes 14, the collector, the fastening flange 18, have a layer of filler metal for subsequent brazing of these elements with each other during assembly.
  • the filler metal layer which allows brazing of the flange 18 on the collector 16 is located on the peripheral projection 40 of the flange 18.
  • the soldering step is carried out simultaneously for the aforementioned elements, in an oven.
  • the brazing of a flange whose thickness is significantly greater than the thicknesses of the other elements of the exchanger is made possible by this peripheral projection 40.
  • the peripheral projection 40 has a thickness of the same order of magnitude as that of the housing 12 or the collector 16, the flange 18 reaches locally, and simultaneously, the same brazing temperature as the other brazing elements which can nevertheless have thicknesses much lower than that of the flange 18. This makes it possible to obtain a quality soldering cord without defects on all brazed elements.
  • the protrusion device 40 of the fastening flange 18 is located in the immediate vicinity of an inner edge 42 of the flange 18.
  • the flange 18 comprises a first peripheral projection 40 situated in the immediate vicinity of the inner edge 42 and, in addition, a second peripheral projection situated in the immediate vicinity of an outer edge 44 of the flange 18.
  • the flange 18 could be brazed directly on the casing 12.
  • the casing 12 has a transverse profile adapted to receive the flange 18.
  • the exchanger 10 described above is particularly advantageous in that it makes it possible to braze the fastening flange 18 on the rest of the casing rather than to assemble it by processes such as welding or crimping. It will be understood that it is possible to envisage multiple variations in the exchanger, which may relate, for example, to the general shape of the flange 18, the arrangement of the attachment lugs thereof, to its method of manufacture, to the dimensions and the materials used, the geometry of the tubes, the shape of the housing, the use of the exchanger 10, etc. Moreover, it will be noted that combinations of the various embodiments described above are possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat exchanger (10) for a motor vehicle, comprising a casing (12) housing the exchange elements (14), one end of said casing being equipped with an attachment flange (18). The flange (18) comprises a surface which is in contact with a member of the engine and which is equipped with screw holes. Another surface of the flange (18), known as the inner surface, comprises a peripheral brazing projection (40). The invention also relates to a method for brazing such a heat exchanger (10).

Description

Échangeur de chaleur pour véhicule automobile comportant une bride de fixation  Heat exchanger for a motor vehicle having a fastening flange
L'invention concerne le domaine des échangeurs de chaleur pour véhicules automobiles et porte plus spécifiquement sur l'alimentation en air des moteurs, notamment par air de suralimentation. The invention relates to the field of heat exchangers for motor vehicles and relates more specifically to the air supply of the engines, in particular by supercharging air.
On connaît déjà un échangeur de chaleur comportant des éléments d'échange sous forme de tubes pour l'écoulement de fluide, logés dans une enveloppe appelée carter, ainsi qu'un collecteur pour la réception des tubes. Généralement, cet échangeur est fixé sur un organe du véhicule tel qu'une boîte collectrice ou un organe du moteur, par exemple un actionneur, un collecteur d'admission, une culasse. Afin d'assurer sa fixation sur l'organe du véhicule, l'échangeur comprend une bride de fixation, comportant des orifices de vissage de l'échangeur sur l'organe. Ainsi, une des faces de la bride est plaquée contre l'organe, en étant fixée par vissage à l'organe, et l'autre face de la bride est fixée au carter, soit directement au carter soit indirectement par l'intermédiaire du collecteur lui-même fixé au carter.  A heat exchanger is already known comprising exchange elements in the form of tubes for the flow of fluid, housed in an envelope called a housing, and a manifold for receiving the tubes. Generally, this exchanger is attached to a vehicle member such as a manifold or an engine member, for example an actuator, an intake manifold, a cylinder head. To ensure its attachment to the vehicle body, the exchanger comprises a fixing flange, having screw holes of the exchanger on the body. Thus, one of the faces of the flange is pressed against the member, being fastened by screwing to the member, and the other face of the flange is fixed to the housing, either directly to the housing or indirectly via the collector. itself attached to the casing.
Il se trouve que le carter, les tubes et le collecteur sont généralement assemblés entre eux par brasage et la bride est fixée au carter ou au collecteur par soudage de type TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) ou par sertissage. En effet, l'épaisseur de la bride, qui peut être cinq à dix fois plus importante que l'épaisseur du carter ou du collecteur, ne permet pas d'effectuer d'opération de brasage entre la bride et les éléments précités, du fait que le brasage de deux pièces ayant des masses très différentes génère un mauvais cordon de brasure.  It happens that the housing, the tubes and the collector are generally assembled together by brazing and the flange is fixed to the housing or manifold by TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) type welding or by crimping. Indeed, the thickness of the flange, which can be five to ten times greater than the thickness of the housing or the collector, does not allow to carry out brazing operation between the flange and the aforementioned elements, because that the brazing of two pieces having very different masses generates a bad bead of solder.
Ainsi, le soudage ou le sertissage de la bride sur le carter sont des phases d'assemblage coûteuses et relativement complexes, qui s'ajoutent à l'étape de brasage de l'échangeur de chaleur. Par exemple, dans le cas où la bride de fixation est sertie sur le carter, le positionnement d'un joint d'étanchéité est nécessaire afin d'éviter les fuites de liquide. De plus, l'encombrement de l'échangeur est augmenté selon l'axe longitudinal et l'axe transversal du fait de la présence de dents de sertissage. Par ailleurs dans le cas où la bride est soudée en utilisant un procédé TIG , on doit travailler sous atmosphère inerte.  Thus, the welding or crimping of the flange on the housing are expensive and relatively complex assembly phases, which add to the brazing step of the heat exchanger. For example, in the case where the fastening flange is crimped on the housing, the positioning of a seal is necessary to prevent liquid leakage. In addition, the size of the exchanger is increased along the longitudinal axis and the transverse axis due to the presence of crimping teeth. Moreover, in the case where the flange is welded using a TIG process, it is necessary to work under an inert atmosphere.
La présente invention a notamment pour but de proposer un échangeur de chaleur dont le procédé d'assemblage de la bride sur le carter, directement ou indirectement via le collecteur par exemple, est simplifié, tout en limitant le coût de fabrication voire l'encombrement du carter de l'échangeur thermique. A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un échangeur de chaleur pour véhicule automobile, comportant un carter de logement d'éléments d'échange, l'échangeur comprenant une extrémité munie d'une bride de fixation du carter à un organe du véhicule, la bride de fixation comprenant une surface de contact avec l'organe, cette surface étant munie d'orifices de vissage de la bride sur l'organe, et une surface opposée de fixation de la bride sur le carter, dite surface interne, dans lequel la surface interne est une surface sensiblement plane comportant une saillie périphérique de brasage. The present invention is intended to provide a heat exchanger whose method of assembling the flange on the housing, directly or indirectly via the collector for example, is simplified, while limiting the manufacturing cost or even the size of the casing of the heat exchanger. For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a heat exchanger for a motor vehicle, comprising a casing for accommodating exchange elements, the exchanger comprising an end provided with a flange for fixing the casing to a body of the vehicle. , the fixing flange comprising a contact surface with the member, this surface being provided with screw holes of the flange on the member, and an opposite surface for fixing the flange on the housing, said internal surface, in wherein the inner surface is a substantially planar surface having a peripheral brazing projection.
Ainsi, on propose de ménager une saillie périphérique de brasage sur la surface de la bride de fixation qui va être fixée sur le carter. Ceci est particulièrement avantageux dans la mesure où la saillie peut ainsi présenter une épaisseur moins importante que le reste de la bride, et ainsi permettre une fixation à l'échangeur de chaleur par brasage, alors que la bride a généralement une épaisseur trop importante par rapport au reste de l'échangeur, dissuadant de la braser dessus.  Thus, it is proposed to provide a brazing peripheral projection on the surface of the fixing flange which will be fixed on the housing. This is particularly advantageous insofar as the projection may thus have a smaller thickness than the rest of the flange, and thus allow attachment to the heat exchanger by soldering, whereas the flange generally has a thickness that is too great compared to the rest of the flange. to the rest of the heat exchanger, discouraging brazing on it.
Un avantage particulier réside dans le fait que le brasage de cette bride peut se faire de manière simultanée avec tous les autres éléments brasés de l'échangeur de chaleur, par exemple simultanément au brasage des parois du carter, du collecteur et/ou des éléments d'échange. Ceci constitue un gain de temps avantageux, puisque l'on ne procède plus qu'à une unique étape de brasage à la place des deux étapes habituelles de brasage de l'échangeur d'une part, et de sertissage ou de soudage de la bride sur l'échangeur d'autre part.  A particular advantage lies in the fact that the brazing of this flange can be done simultaneously with all the other brazed elements of the heat exchanger, for example simultaneously with the soldering of the walls of the housing, the collector and / or the elements of the heat exchanger. 'exchange. This is advantageous time saving, since it is only a single brazing step in place of the two usual steps of brazing the exchanger on the one hand, and crimping or welding the flange on the exchanger on the other hand.
Par ailleurs, le brasage au moyen d'une saillie périphérique de brasage permet d'offrir une surface de brasage en forme de cordon, limitant ainsi l'étendue de la zone de brasage et garantissant une bonne étanchéité à l'air de l'ensemble. On peut ainsi éviter de disposer un joint d'étanchéité entre la bride et le carter.  Furthermore, brazing by means of a peripheral brazing projection makes it possible to provide a brazing surface in the form of a bead, thus limiting the extent of the brazing zone and guaranteeing a good airtightness of the assembly. . It is thus possible to avoid having a seal between the flange and the housing.
On comprend que la surface interne de la bride peut être fixée sur le carter directement ou indirectement. Par exemple la surface interne de la bride peut être fixée sur le carter par l'intermédiaire du collecteur qui est lui-même fixé sur le carter. On comprend par ailleurs que le mot « carter » désigne généralement une enveloppe ou un boîtier, par exemple de forme générale parallélépipédique, enveloppant les éléments d'échange thermique, qui sont généralement des tubes d'échange thermique.  It is understood that the inner surface of the flange can be fixed to the housing directly or indirectly. For example, the internal surface of the flange can be fixed on the housing by means of the manifold which is itself fixed on the housing. It will further be understood that the word "casing" generally designates an envelope or a casing, for example of parallelepipedal general shape, enveloping the heat exchange elements, which are generally heat exchange tubes.
On entend par « saillie périphérique » une proéminence de préférence venue de matière et continue sur toute la périphérie de la bride, capable de recevoir une couche de métal d'apport pour assurer le brasage de la bride sur le carter. "Perimeter projection" is understood to mean a protrusion preferably made of material and continuous over the entire periphery of the flange, capable of receive a layer of filler metal to braze the flange on the housing.
De préférence, l'échangeur de chaleur est utilisé pour l'alimentation en air d'un moteur de véhicule automobile, tout particulièrement lorsque l'air d'alimentation, appelé air de suralimentation, provient d'un compresseur ou d'un turbocompresseur. Ainsi, l'air peut provenir aussi bien du seul système d'admission du moteur qu'être issu d'un mélange d'air et de gaz d'échappement récupéré en sortie du moteur, conformément au système généralement connu sous l'acronyme EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation). Par ailleurs, la densité de l'air de suralimentation peut être augmentée en refroidissant l'air de suralimentation, au moyen d'un échangeur de chaleur appelé refroidisseur d'air de suralimentation ou RAS. Un tel refroidisseur d'air de suralimentation peut comporter au moins un faisceau d'éléments d'échange de chaleur, comprenant des tubes parallèles ou un empilement de plaques formant alternativement des canaux de circulation pour l'air suralimenté à refroidir et des canaux pour la circulation du liquide de refroidissement moteur. L'échange de chaleur entre les tubes ou les plaques et l'air de suralimentation se fait en partie par l'intermédiaire d'un turbulateur.  Preferably, the heat exchanger is used for supplying air to a motor vehicle engine, especially when the supply air, called charge air, comes from a compressor or a turbocharger. Thus, the air can come as well from the only intake system of the engine that be from a mixture of air and exhaust gas recovered at the output of the engine, according to the system generally known by the acronym EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation). In addition, the density of the charge air can be increased by cooling the charge air, by means of a heat exchanger called charge air cooler or RAS. Such a charge air cooler may comprise at least one bundle of heat exchange elements, comprising parallel tubes or a stack of plates alternately forming circulation channels for the supercharged air to be cooled and channels for the circulation of the engine coolant. The exchange of heat between the tubes or the plates and the air of supercharging is done in part by means of a turbulator.
On notera que généralement, l'air circule dans un réseau de tubes maintenus à leur extrémité par deux collecteurs fixés sur le carter. De l'eau peut être distribuée par deux canaux d'eau alimentant les espaces entre les tubes. Ces canaux peuvent être formés dans les parois (ou joues) du carter, ces dernières assurant la séparation et l'étanchéité de l'eau par rapport au milieu extérieur et servant également de point d'attache pour la fixation de l'échangeur. L'air peut être distribué sur le faisceau d'éléments d'échange via une boîte collectrice d'entrée et une boîte collectrice de sortie.  It will be noted that, generally, the air circulates in a network of tubes held at their end by two collectors fixed on the housing. Water can be dispensed through two water channels feeding the spaces between the tubes. These channels can be formed in the walls (or cheeks) of the housing, the latter ensuring the separation and sealing of the water relative to the external environment and also serving as an attachment point for fixing the exchanger. Air can be distributed over the exchange element bundle via an inlet manifold and outlet manifold.
L'échangeur de chaleur tel que défini ci-dessus peut en outre comporter l'une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises seules ou en combinaison.  The heat exchanger as defined above may further include one or more of the following features, taken alone or in combination.
- La saillie périphérique de brasage présente une épaisseur du même ordre de grandeur que l'épaisseur d'une partie de l'échangeur sur laquelle elle est brasée, telle que le carter ou le collecteur. De préférence, la saillie périphérique de brasage présente une épaisseur inférieure à trois fois l'épaisseur de cette partie de l'échangeur, de préférence encore inférieure à deux fois cette épaisseur. Ainsi, la saillie périphérique présente une épaisseur adaptée pour qu'un brasage de qualité ait lieu entre la bride de fixation et la partie de l'échangeur sur laquelle elle est brasée, alors même que la bride peut présenter une épaisseur beaucoup plus importante que cette partie de l'échangeur. - The brazing peripheral projection has a thickness of the same order of magnitude as the thickness of a portion of the exchanger on which it is brazed, such as the housing or the collector. Preferably, the peripheral brazing projection has a thickness less than three times the thickness of this portion of the exchanger, more preferably less than twice this thickness. Thus, the peripheral projection has a thickness adapted for quality brazing to take place between the fixing flange and the part of the exchanger on which it is brazed, even though the flange may have a much greater thickness than this part of the exchanger.
- La bride de fixation présente une épaisseur au moins deux fois plus importante que la partie de l'échangeur sur laquelle elle est brasée, de préférence supérieure à cinq fois plus importante, voire dix fois plus importante. On entend par « épaisseur de la bride » la distance entre la surface de contact et la surface sensiblement plane de la surface interne. Dans le cas d'une bride ayant une épaisseur beaucoup plus conséquente que la partie de l'échangeur sur laquelle elle est brasée, la saillie périphérique de brasage est particulièrement avantageuse, car sans cela le cordon de brasure serait de mauvaise qualité et la fixation serait peu robuste.  - The fastening flange has a thickness at least twice as large as the portion of the exchanger on which it is brazed, preferably greater than five times greater, or ten times greater. The term "thickness of the flange" the distance between the contact surface and the substantially flat surface of the inner surface. In the case of a flange having a much greater thickness than the part of the exchanger on which it is brazed, the peripheral brazing projection is particularly advantageous, because without it the solder bead would be of poor quality and the fixing would be not robust.
- La bride comporte des oreilles de fixation, la saillie périphérique de brasage s'étendant autour de ces oreilles de fixation. Les oreilles de fixation permettent d'assurer une fixation de la bride sur l'organe par vissage. Dans ce cas, la bride a généralement une épaisseur importante, si bien que la surface périphérique de brasage est particulièrement avantageuse.  The flange comprises fixing lugs, the peripheral brazing projection extending around these attachment lugs. The attachment lugs make it possible to secure the flange on the body by screwing. In this case, the flange generally has a large thickness, so that the peripheral brazing surface is particularly advantageous.
- La bride a un bord interne et un bord externe, la saillie périphérique de brasage s'étendant le long du bord externe et la bride comportant une seconde saillie périphérique de brasage s'étendant le long du bord interne. On assure ainsi, avec cette seconde saillie de brasage, un brasage d'une qualité encore meilleure.  The flange has an inner edge and an outer edge, the brazing peripheral projection extending along the outer edge and the flange having a second brazing peripheral projection extending along the inner edge. This ensures, with this second brazing projection, brazing of an even better quality.
- La bride est directement brasée à un collecteur, le collecteur étant lui- même brasé sur le carter.  - The flange is directly soldered to a collector, the manifold itself being soldered to the housing.
- La saillie périphérique de brasage est réalisée par estampage.  - The peripheral brazing projection is achieved by stamping.
- Le carter est assemblé par brasage, de sorte que le brasage de la bride sur le carter peut être simultané au brasage du reste du carter. On parle dans ce cas d'un brasage « one shot », particulièrement intéressant pour faciliter le procédé de fabrication et pour améliorer le positionnement de la bride par rapport au carter.  - The housing is assembled by soldering, so that the brazing of the flange on the housing can be simultaneous with the brazing of the rest of the housing. In this case, it is referred to as "one shot" brazing, which is particularly advantageous for facilitating the manufacturing process and for improving the positioning of the flange with respect to the casing.
- La bride assure une fixation par vissage du carter sur un organe d'un moteur du véhicule, un joint d'étanchéité étant de préférence disposé entre la surface de contact de la bride et l'organe. Le joint disposé entre la bride et l'organe augmente l'épaisseur à visser, si bien que la bride doit être suffisamment épaisse pour assurer ce vissage. Aussi, la saillie périphérique de brasage est particulièrement avantageuse dans ce cas. - L'échangeur de chaleur comprend une seconde bride de fixation du carter, disposée du côté opposé à la première bride de fixation. - The flange provides a fixing by screwing the housing on a member of a vehicle engine, a seal being preferably disposed between the contact surface of the flange and the body. The seal disposed between the flange and the member increases the thickness to be screwed, so that the flange must be thick enough to ensure this screwing. Also, the peripheral brazing projection is particularly advantageous in this case. - The heat exchanger comprises a second flange for fixing the casing, arranged on the opposite side to the first fastening flange.
L'invention a par ailleurs pour objet une bride de fixation pour un échangeur de chaleur tel que décrit précédemment, comportant, sur la saillie périphérique de brasage, une couche de métal d'apport, pour le brasage ultérieur de la bride sur le carter.  The invention further relates to a fastening flange for a heat exchanger as described above, comprising, on the brazing peripheral projection, a filler metal layer, for subsequent brazing of the flange on the housing.
L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de brasage d'un échangeur de chaleur, comprenant une étape de brasage au cours de laquelle on brase simultanément d'une part des parois du carter les unes aux autres, et d'autre part la bride de fixation avec au moins l'un des éléments suivants pris parmi le carter, les éléments d'échange, ou un collecteur.  The subject of the invention is also a process for brazing a heat exchanger, comprising a brazing step during which the casing walls are simultaneously pressed against one another and on the other side by the flange. fixing with at least one of the following elements taken from the housing, the exchange elements, or a collector.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins dans lesquels :  The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows, given solely by way of example and with reference to the drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue perspective partielle d'un échangeur de chaleur selon un mode de réalisation,  FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of a heat exchanger according to one embodiment,
la figure 2 est une vue en perspective partielle éclatée de l'échangeur de la figure 1 ,  FIG. 2 is an exploded partial perspective view of the exchanger of FIG. 1,
la figure 3 est une vue en coupe partielle selon le plan A-A de l'échangeur de la figure 1 ,  FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view along the plane A-A of the exchanger of FIG. 1,
la figure 4 est une vue en perspective d'une bride de l'échangeur de la figure 1 ,  FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a flange of the exchanger of FIG. 1,
la figure 4a est une vue en coupe d'une partie de la bride de la figure 4, la figure 5 est une vue similaire à la figure 4 d'une bride selon un autre mode de réalisation,  FIG. 4a is a sectional view of part of the flange of FIG. 4, FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4 of a flange according to another embodiment,
la figure 5a est une vue en coupe d'une partie de la bride de la figure 5, la figure 6 est une vue similaire à la figure 4 d'une bride selon un autre mode de réalisation,  FIG. 5a is a sectional view of part of the flange of FIG. 5, FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 4 of a flange according to another embodiment,
la figure 6a est une vue en coupe d'une partie de la bride de la figure 6.  Figure 6a is a sectional view of a portion of the flange of Figure 6.
On a représenté sur les figures 1 et 2 un échangeur de chaleur 10 pour véhicule automobile, destiné plus spécifiquement à l'alimentation en air du moteur du véhicule. Dans cet exemple, l'échangeur 10 est un échangeur d'air de suralimentation, provenant d'un compresseur ou d'un turbocompresseur. FIGS. 1 and 2 show a heat exchanger 10 for a motor vehicle, intended more specifically for supplying air to the engine of the vehicle. In this example, the exchanger 10 is a charge air exchanger, from a compressor or a turbocharger.
L'échangeur de chaleur 10 comporte un carter 12, ou enveloppe 12, ainsi que des éléments d'échanges 14 disposés à l'intérieur du carter 12, sous forme de tubes 14. L'échangeur de chaleur 10 est muni également d'un collecteur 16 sur au moins l'une de ses extrémités, pour la réception des tubes 14, et comporte une bride de fixation 18 du carter à un organe du moteur. The heat exchanger 10 comprises a casing 12, or casing 12, as well as exchange elements 14 arranged inside the housing 12, in the form of tubes 14. The heat exchanger 10 is also provided with a collector 16 on at least one of its ends, for receiving the tubes 14 , and includes a fastening flange 18 of the housing to a motor member.
Dans cet exemple, la bride fixation 18 est fixée sur le carter 12 par l'intermédiaire du collecteur 16, c'est-à-dire qu'elle est fixée sur le collecteur 16, lui-même fixé sur le carter 12. La bride de fixation 18 permet d'assembler par vissage l'échangeur 10 avec une boîte collectrice fixée à un organe du moteur, ou bien directement avec un organe du moteur. L'organe du moteur sur lequel est vissé la bride peut être par exemple la culasse du moteur, un actionneur, ou encore par exemple un collecteur d'admission. L'échangeur de chaleur 10 peut en outre comporter une bride de fixation sur chacune de ses extrémités. Pour simplifier la description, la direction de l'échangeur qui est parallèle à l'axe des tubes 14 est définie comme une direction longitudinale L, le plan transversal étant désigné par une direction horizontale I définissant une largeur de l'échangeur et une direction verticale h définissant une hauteur de l'échangeur. En référence aux figures 1 et 2, le carter 12 a une forme générale parallélépipédique, comportant quatre parois 13, également appelées joues 13 de l'échangeur. Le carter 12 comporte plus précisément deux parois latérales parallèles au plan longitudinal vertical (L, h), présentant chacune deux bords longitudinaux brasés à deux parois horizontales adjacentes, les parois horizontales étant parallèles au plan longitudinal horizontal (L, I) et formant les parois inférieures et supérieures du volume constituant le carter 12. In this example, the fixing flange 18 is fixed on the casing 12 via the collector 16, that is to say that it is fixed on the collector 16, itself fixed on the housing 12. The flange fastening 18 can be assembled by screwing the exchanger 10 with a manifold attached to a motor member, or directly with a motor member. The engine member on which the flange is screwed can be for example the motor yoke, an actuator, or for example an intake manifold. The heat exchanger 10 may further comprise a fixing flange on each of its ends. To simplify the description, the direction of the exchanger which is parallel to the axis of the tubes 14 is defined as a longitudinal direction L, the transverse plane being designated by a horizontal direction I defining a width of the exchanger and a vertical direction h defining a height of the exchanger. Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the housing 12 has a generally parallelepipedal shape, having four walls 13, also called cheeks 13 of the exchanger. The casing 12 more precisely comprises two lateral walls parallel to the vertical longitudinal plane (L, h), each having two brazed longitudinal edges with two adjacent horizontal walls, the horizontal walls being parallel to the horizontal longitudinal plane (L, I) and forming the walls lower and upper part of the volume constituting the casing 12.
Le carter 12 présente à au moins l'une de ses extrémités longitudinales un bord périphérique 22 de fixation du carter avec le collecteur 16 et la bride de fixation 18. Ce bord 22 est orienté parallèlement au plan transversal vertical (I, h), il s'étend dans une direction perpendiculaire aux parois 13 du carter 12, présente un contour sensiblement rectangulaire et est muni dans cet exemple de six oreilles de fixation 24A de forme circulaire. Chacune des oreilles de fixation 24A délimite un orifice 26 apte à recevoir un moyen de fixation de type vis-écrou. The housing 12 has at least one of its longitudinal ends a peripheral edge 22 for fixing the housing with the collector 16 and the fastening flange 18. This edge 22 is oriented parallel to the vertical transverse plane (I, h), it extends in a direction perpendicular to the walls 13 of the housing 12, has a substantially rectangular contour and is provided in this example with six fixing lugs 24A of circular shape. Each of the attachment lugs 24A delimits an orifice 26 adapted to receive a fastening means of the screw-nut type.
Le carter 12 comporte également dans cet exemple, sur des bords longitudinaux des parois latérales 13, des pattes de sertissage 28 qui sont repliées sur elles- mêmes et qui permettent de renforcer des parois 13 qui sont brasées les unes avec les autres. The casing 12 also comprises in this example, on the longitudinal edges of the side walls 13, crimping lugs 28 which are folded over them. same and which strengthen the walls 13 which are brazed with each other.
Les tubes d'échange thermique 14 sont agencés parallèlement et verticalement à l'intérieur du carter 12. Les tubes 14 sont fixés au carter 12 par brasage et sont par ailleurs reçus à leur extrémité par le collecteur 16. La section des tubes 14 selon un plan de coupe transversal est de forme oblongue. Les tubes 14 sont agencés de manière parallèle les uns des autres en formant un faisceau de tubes qui a pour fonction de permettre une circulation d'air à l'intérieur des tubes tandis que les espaces 15 entre les tubes forment des canaux pour une circulation de liquide tel que de l'eau. Les tubes 14 ont une longueur dans la direction longitudinale sensiblement supérieure à celle des parois 13 du carter et leur hauteur est légèrement inférieure à la hauteur du carter 12 pour permettre leur insertion à l'intérieur de ce dernier. The heat exchange tubes 14 are arranged parallel and vertically inside the casing 12. The tubes 14 are fixed to the casing 12 by soldering and are also received at their end by the collector 16. The section of the tubes 14 according to a transverse sectional plane is oblong. The tubes 14 are arranged parallel to each other forming a bundle of tubes whose function is to allow air to circulate inside the tubes while the spaces 15 between the tubes form channels for a circulation of liquid such as water. The tubes 14 have a length in the longitudinal direction substantially greater than that of the walls 13 of the housing and their height is slightly less than the height of the housing 12 to allow their insertion inside the latter.
Le collecteur 16 est monté à l'extrémité de l'échangeur 10. Il a un contour sensiblement rectangulaire et s'étend dans un plan transversal vertical, parallèle au bord 22. Il présente deux surfaces opposées sensiblement planes, l'une disposée du côté du carter 12, l'autre disposée du côté de la bride de fixation 18. Plus précisément, le collecteur 16 comporte une surface interne 17, disposée du côté du carter, adaptée pour être plaquée contre et brasée sur le bord 22 du carter 12. Cette surface interne 17 du collecteur 16 comporte des oreilles de fixation 24B qui sont disposées en vis-à-vis des oreilles de fixation 24A du bord 22 du carter 12. Le collecteur 16 comporte par ailleurs des ouvertures oblongues 32 de réception des tubes 14, dont la forme est complémentaire à celle de la section transversale d'un tube14. Chacune de ces ouvertures 32 permet donc de recevoir l'extrémité d'un tube 14 qui dépasse du carter de l'échangeur 10. On peut voir sur les figures 2 et 3 que chaque ouverture 32 est délimitée par un collet et un pont de matière 34 délimitant l'espace inter-tube 15 précédemment décrit. Ainsi, lorsque le collecteur 16 est mis en place sur l'extrémité du carter, plaqué contre le bord 22, les collets et ponts de matière 34 qui entourent les ouvertures 32 du collecteur 16 viennent s'intercaler entre les tubes 14 et obstruent ainsi les espaces 15 entre les tubes, assurant ainsi l'étanchéité entre l'écoulement d'eau et l'écoulement d'air. En enserrant ainsi les extrémités des tubes 14 qui dépassent du carter 12, les collets et ponts de matière 34 assurent en outre une fonction de rigidification de l'échangeur. En plus d'être brasé au carter par sa surface interne 17, le collecteur 16 est également brasé aux tubes 14 par l'intermédiaire des collets 34 qui sont brasés sur les extrémités des tubes 14. Ainsi, le collecteur 16 permet de maintenir les extrémités des tubes 14 dans une position ordonnée et permet également d'empêcher l'écoulement de l'eau à l'intérieur de la boîte collectrice ou de l'organe du moteur sur lequel est fixé l'échangeur. The collector 16 is mounted at the end of the exchanger 10. It has a substantially rectangular contour and extends in a vertical transverse plane, parallel to the edge 22. It has two substantially flat opposed surfaces, one disposed on the side of the housing 12, the other disposed on the side of the mounting flange 18. More specifically, the collector 16 has an inner surface 17, disposed on the housing side, adapted to be pressed against and brazed on the edge 22 of the housing 12. This inner surface 17 of the collector 16 has fastening lugs 24B which are arranged opposite the fastening lugs 24A of the edge 22 of the casing 12. The collector 16 also has oblong openings 32 for receiving the tubes 14, whose shape is complementary to that of the cross section of a tube14. Each of these openings 32 thus allows to receive the end of a tube 14 which protrudes from the housing of the exchanger 10. It can be seen in Figures 2 and 3 that each opening 32 is delimited by a collar and a material bridge. 34 delimiting the inter-tube space 15 previously described. Thus, when the collector 16 is placed on the end of the housing, pressed against the edge 22, the collars and material bridges 34 surrounding the openings 32 of the collector 16 are interposed between the tubes 14 and thus obstruct the gaps 15 between the tubes, thus ensuring the seal between the flow of water and the flow of air. By thus enclosing the ends of the tubes 14 protruding from the housing 12, the flanges and material bridges 34 further provide a stiffening function of the exchanger. In addition to being brazed to the casing by its internal surface 17, the collector 16 is also soldered to the tubes 14 by means of the collars 34 which are brazed on the ends of the 14. Thus, the manifold 16 keeps the ends of the tubes 14 in an orderly position and also prevents the flow of water inside the manifold or the engine member on which is fixed the exchanger.
La bride de fixation 18 a un contour sensiblement rectangulaire et s'étend dans un plan transversal vertical, parallèle au bord 22 et au collecteur 16. Elle comporte une surface 25 de contact avec l'organe, plane, et une surface opposée, dite surface interne 18A, pour la fixation de la bride 18 sur le carter 12. Dans cet exemple, la surface interne 18A permet de fixer la bride sur le carter par l'intermédiaire du collecteur 16, elle est brasée sur une paroi extérieure 36 du collecteur 16, opposée à la paroi interne 17 du collecteur. La bride 18 a une forme générale dont le profil correspond à celui de la paroi 36 du collecteur et, tout comme le carter et le collecteur, elle est munie d'oreilles de fixation 24C perforées et adaptées pour recevoir des moyens de fixation de type vis-écrou. Les axes de ces oreilles 24C sont confondus avec les axes des oreilles de fixation du collecteur 16 et du carter 12. La surface de contact 25 de la bride est adaptée pour être assemblée par vissage sur la boîte collectrice ou l'organe du moteur. Pour garantir une rigidité de la bride 18 satisfaisante, et permettre ainsi la fixation de l'échangeur 10 par vissage sur la boîte collectrice ou sur l'organe du moteur, la bride 18 a une épaisseur au moins deux fois, de préférence cinq fois voire dix fois supérieure à celle du carter, des tubes ou encore du collecteur, en particulier supérieure à la partie de l'échangeur sur laquelle elle est brasée, à savoir le collecteur 16. The fastening flange 18 has a substantially rectangular contour and extends in a vertical transverse plane, parallel to the edge 22 and the collector 16. It comprises a surface 25 of contact with the member, flat, and an opposite surface, said surface 18A, for the fixing of the flange 18 on the housing 12. In this example, the inner surface 18A is used to fix the flange on the housing through the manifold 16, it is soldered to an outer wall 36 of the collector 16 opposite to the inner wall 17 of the collector. The flange 18 has a general shape whose profile corresponds to that of the wall 36 of the collector and, like the housing and the collector, it is provided with fastening lugs 24C perforated and adapted to receive fastening means of the screw type -nut. The axes of these ears 24C coincide with the axes of the attachment lugs of the collector 16 and the housing 12. The contact surface 25 of the flange is adapted to be assembled by screwing on the manifold or the engine member. To guarantee a rigidity of the flange 18 satisfactory, and thus allow the attachment of the exchanger 10 by screwing on the header or on the motor member, the flange 18 has a thickness at least twice, preferably five times or ten times greater than that of the housing, tubes or the manifold, in particular greater than the part of the exchanger on which it is brazed, namely the collector 16.
Afin d'assurer une bonne étanchéité entre la bride 18 et la boîte collectrice ou l'organe du moteur à laquelle celle-ci est rattachée, un joint d'étanchéité est éventuellement disposé entre la surface de contact 25 de la bride 18 et l'organe ou la boîte collectrice. In order to ensure a good seal between the flange 18 and the manifold or the motor member to which it is attached, a seal may be disposed between the contact surface 25 of the flange 18 and the organ or the collecting box.
Comme illustré sur les figures 3 et 4, la surface interne 18A de la bride 18 est sensiblement plane et munie d'une saillie de brasage, dite saillie périphérique de brasage 40. Cette dernière est agencée le long du contour de la bride 18 et s'étend également autour des oreilles de fixation 24C. Elle est fabriquée par estampage et son épaisseur selon la direction longitudinale est du même ordre de grandeur que l'épaisseur du carter 12 ou du collecteur 16. Le rôle de la saillie périphérique 40 est de permettre le brasage de la bride 18 sur le carter, par l'intermédiaire du collecteur 16. La saillie périphérique 40 présente une épaisseur du même ordre de grandeur que l'épaisseur de la partie de l'échangeur sur laquelle elle est brasée, donc que l'épaisseur du carter 12 ou du collecteur 16. De préférence, la saillie périphérique de brasage 40 présente une épaisseur inférieure à trois fois l'épaisseur de cette partie de l'échangeur, de préférence encore inférieure à deux fois cette épaisseur. As illustrated in Figures 3 and 4, the inner surface 18A of the flange 18 is substantially flat and provided with a brazing projection, said brazing peripheral projection 40. The latter is arranged along the contour of the flange 18 and s 'also extends around the fixing ears 24C. It is manufactured by stamping and its thickness in the longitudinal direction is of the same order of magnitude as the thickness of the housing 12 or the collector 16. The role of the peripheral projection 40 is to allow brazing of the flange 18 on the housing, through the collector 16. The peripheral projection 40 has a thickness of the same order of magnitude as the thickness of the part of the exchanger on which it is brazed, so that the thickness of the housing 12 or the collector 16. Preferably, the brazing peripheral projection 40 has a thickness less than three times the thickness of this portion of the exchanger, more preferably less than twice this thickness.
Une partie du procédé de fabrication de l'échangeur 10 va à présent être décrite. De façon avantageuse, elle inclut un procédé de brasage au cours duquel tous les éléments de l'échangeur sont brasés en une seule étape, c'est-à-dire que les éléments sont brasés de manière simultanée les uns avec les autres. La bride 18 peut donc être brasée en même temps que les tubes 14, que les parois 13 du carter 12 et que le collecteur 16. A cet effet, les parois du carter 13, les tubes d'échanges thermiques 14, le collecteur, la bride de fixation 18, possèdent une couche de métal d'apport pour le brasage ultérieur de ces éléments les uns avec les autres lors de l'assemblage. La couche de métal d'apport qui permet le brasage de la bride 18 sur le collecteur 16 est située sur la saillie périphérique 40 de la bride 18. Une fois brasé, l'échangeur 10 peut ainsi être vissé sur l'organe du moteur auquel il se rapporte ou sur la boîte collectrice sur laquelle il se rapporte, un joint d'étanchéité étant éventuellement placé à l'interface entre la bride 18 et l'organe du moteur. Part of the manufacturing process of the exchanger 10 will now be described. Advantageously, it includes a brazing process in which all the elements of the exchanger are brazed in a single step, that is to say that the elements are brazed simultaneously with each other. The flange 18 can thus be soldered together with the tubes 14, the walls 13 of the housing 12 and the collector 16. For this purpose, the walls of the housing 13, the heat exchange tubes 14, the collector, the fastening flange 18, have a layer of filler metal for subsequent brazing of these elements with each other during assembly. The filler metal layer which allows brazing of the flange 18 on the collector 16 is located on the peripheral projection 40 of the flange 18. Once brazed, the exchanger 10 can thus be screwed onto the engine member to which it relates or on the header box to which it relates, a seal being optionally placed at the interface between the flange 18 and the motor member.
L'étape de brasage est réalisée de manière simultanée pour les éléments précités, dans un four. Ainsi, le brasage d'une bride dont l'épaisseur est significativement plus importante que les épaisseurs des autres éléments de l'échangeur est rendu possible par cette saillie périphérique 40. Comme la saillie périphérique 40 a une épaisseur du même ordre de grandeur que celle du carter 12 ou du collecteur 16, la bride 18 atteint localement, et de manière simultanée, la même température de brasage que les autres éléments à braser qui peuvent pourtant avoir des épaisseurs nettement inférieures à celle de la bride 18. Ceci permet d'obtenir un cordon de brasage de qualité et sans défaut sur tous les éléments brasés. The soldering step is carried out simultaneously for the aforementioned elements, in an oven. Thus, the brazing of a flange whose thickness is significantly greater than the thicknesses of the other elements of the exchanger is made possible by this peripheral projection 40. As the peripheral projection 40 has a thickness of the same order of magnitude as that of the housing 12 or the collector 16, the flange 18 reaches locally, and simultaneously, the same brazing temperature as the other brazing elements which can nevertheless have thicknesses much lower than that of the flange 18. This makes it possible to obtain a quality soldering cord without defects on all brazed elements.
Il est également possible de disposer une seconde bride de fixation 18 sur l'extrémité opposée du carter 12, cette bride ayant des caractéristiques similaires à celles de la bride 18 décrite ci-dessus. It is also possible to have a second fastening flange 18 on the opposite end of the casing 12, this flange having characteristics similar to those of the flange 18 described above.
Dans un autre mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures 5 et 5a, la saillie périphérique 40 de la bride 18 de fixation est située au voisinage immédiat d'un bord interne 42 de la bride 18. In another embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 5a, the protrusion device 40 of the fastening flange 18 is located in the immediate vicinity of an inner edge 42 of the flange 18.
Selon encore un autre mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures 6 et 6a, la bride 18 comprend une première saillie périphérique 40 située au voisinage immédiat du bord interne 42 et en outre une seconde saillie périphérique située au voisinage immédiat d'un bord externe 44 de la bride 18. According to yet another embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 and 6a, the flange 18 comprises a first peripheral projection 40 situated in the immediate vicinity of the inner edge 42 and, in addition, a second peripheral projection situated in the immediate vicinity of an outer edge 44 of the flange 18.
On notera que de façon alternative, la bride 18 pourrait être brasée directement sur le carter 12. Dans ce type de configuration, le carter 12 a un profil transversal adapté pour recevoir la bride 18. It will be noted that alternatively, the flange 18 could be brazed directly on the casing 12. In this type of configuration, the casing 12 has a transverse profile adapted to receive the flange 18.
On comprend que l'échangeur 10 décrit ci-dessus est particulièrement intéressant en ce qu'il permet de braser la bride de fixation 18 sur le reste du carter plutôt que de l'assembler par des procédés tels que du soudage ou du sertissage. On comprendra que l'on peut envisager de multiples variations dans l'échangeur, qui pourront porter par exemple sur la forme générale de la bride 18, la disposition des oreilles de fixation de celle-ci, sur son mode de fabrication, sur les dimensions et les matériaux utilisés, la géométrie des tubes, la forme du carter, l'utilisation de l'échangeur 10, etc. Par ailleurs, on notera que des combinaisons des différents modes de réalisation décrits ci-dessus sont possibles. It is understood that the exchanger 10 described above is particularly advantageous in that it makes it possible to braze the fastening flange 18 on the rest of the casing rather than to assemble it by processes such as welding or crimping. It will be understood that it is possible to envisage multiple variations in the exchanger, which may relate, for example, to the general shape of the flange 18, the arrangement of the attachment lugs thereof, to its method of manufacture, to the dimensions and the materials used, the geometry of the tubes, the shape of the housing, the use of the exchanger 10, etc. Moreover, it will be noted that combinations of the various embodiments described above are possible.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Échangeur de chaleur (10) pour véhicule automobile, comportant un carter (12) de logement d'éléments d'échange (14), l'échangeur comprenant une extrémité munie d'une bride (18) de fixation du carter (12) à un organe du véhicule, la bride de fixation (18) comprenant une surface (25) de contact avec l'organe, cette surface étant munie d'orifices (26) de vissage de la bride (18) sur l'organe, et une surface opposée (18A) de fixation de la bride sur le carter, dite surface interne (18A), caractérisé en ce que la surface interne (18A) est une surface sensiblement plane comportant une saillie périphérique (40) de brasage.  1. Heat exchanger (10) for a motor vehicle, comprising a housing (12) for accommodating exchange elements (14), the exchanger comprising an end provided with a flange (18) for fixing the housing (12) to a member of the vehicle, the fixing flange (18) comprising a surface (25) for contact with the member, this surface being provided with orifices (26) for screwing the flange (18) onto the member, and a opposite surface (18A) for fixing the flange on the housing, said inner surface (18A), characterized in that the inner surface (18A) is a substantially flat surface having a peripheral projection (40) of brazing.
2. Échangeur de chaleur (10) selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel la saillie périphérique de brasage (40) présente une épaisseur du même ordre de grandeur que l'épaisseur d'une partie (12, 16) de l'échangeur sur laquelle elle est brasée, de préférence la saillie périphérique de brasage (40) présente une épaisseur inférieure à trois fois l'épaisseur de cette partie de l'échangeur, de préférence encore inférieure à deux fois cette épaisseur.  2. Heat exchanger (10) according to the preceding claim, wherein the peripheral brazing projection (40) has a thickness of the same order of magnitude as the thickness of a portion (12, 16) of the exchanger on which it is brazed, preferably the brazing peripheral projection (40) has a thickness less than three times the thickness of this portion of the exchanger, more preferably less than twice this thickness.
3. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la bride de fixation (18) présente une épaisseur au moins deux fois plus importante que la partie de l'échangeur (10) sur laquelle elle est brasée, de préférence supérieure à cinq fois plus importante, voire dix fois plus importante.  3. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fastening flange (18) has a thickness at least twice as large as the part of the exchanger (10) on which it is brazed, preferably more than five times larger, or even ten times larger.
4. Échangeur de chaleur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la bride (18) comporte des oreilles de fixation (24C), la saillie périphérique de brasage (40) s'étendant autour de ces oreilles de fixation (24C).  The heat exchanger (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the flange (18) has attachment lugs (24C), the brazing peripheral projection (40) extending around these attachment lugs. (24C).
5. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la bride (18) a un bord interne (42) et un bord externe (44), la saillie périphérique de brasage (40) s'étendant le long du bord externe (44) et la bride (18) comportant une seconde saillie périphérique de brasage (40) s'étendant le long du bord interne (42).  A heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the flange (18) has an inner edge (42) and an outer edge (44), the peripheral brazing projection (40) extending along the outer edge (44) and the flange (18) having a second peripheral brazing projection (40) extending along the inner edge (42).
6. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel la bride (18) est directement brasée à un collecteur (16), le collecteur (16) étant lui-même brasé sur le carter (12).  6. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the flange (18) is directly brazed to a collector (16), the collector (16) being itself soldered on the housing (12).
7. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, la saillie périphérique de brasage (40) étant réalisée par estampage. 7. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, the peripheral brazing projection (40) being made by stamping.
8. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le carter (12) est assemblé par brasage, de sorte que le brasage de la bride (18) sur le carter peut être simultané au brasage du reste du carter (12). 8. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the housing (12) is assembled by soldering, so that the brazing of the flange (18) on the housing can be simultaneous with the brazing of the rest of the housing ( 12).
9. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la bride (18) assure une fixation par vissage du carter sur un organe d'un moteur du véhicule, un joint d'étanchéité étant de préférence disposé entre la surface de contact (25) de la bride (18) et l'organe.  9. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the flange (18) provides a fastening by screwing the housing on a member of a vehicle engine, a seal being preferably disposed between the surface contact (25) of the flange (18) and the member.
10. Échangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant une seconde bride de fixation du carter, disposée du côté opposé à la première bride de fixation.  10. Heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a second flange for fixing the housing, disposed on the opposite side to the first fastening flange.
1 1 . Bride de fixation pour un échangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant, sur la saillie périphérique de brasage (40), une couche de métal d'apport, pour le brasage ultérieur de la bride sur le carter.  1 1. An attachment flange for a heat exchanger according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising on the brazing peripheral projection (40) a layer of filler metal for subsequent brazing of the flange on the housing.
12. Procédé de brasage d'un échangeur de chaleur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape de brasage au cours de laquelle on brase simultanément d'une part des parois du carter (13) les unes aux autres, et d'autre part la bride de fixation (18) avec au moins l'un des éléments suivants pris parmi le carter (12), les éléments d'échange (14), ou un collecteur (16).  12. A soldering method of a heat exchanger (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it comprises a brazing step during which one simultaneously brazes on the one hand the walls of the housing (13) to each other, and on the other hand the fixing flange (18) with at least one of the following elements taken from the housing (12), the exchange elements (14), or a collector (16).
PCT/EP2013/065161 2012-07-24 2013-07-18 Heat exchanger for a motor vehicle, comprising an attachment flange WO2014016192A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020157004482A KR101706874B1 (en) 2012-07-24 2013-07-18 Heat exchanger for a motor vehicle, comprising an attachment flange
EP13739673.5A EP2877804A1 (en) 2012-07-24 2013-07-18 Heat exchanger for a motor vehicle, comprising an attachment flange

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1257153A FR2993969B1 (en) 2012-07-24 2012-07-24 HEAT EXCHANGER FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE COMPRISING A FIXING FLANGE
FR1257153 2012-07-24

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KR (1) KR101706874B1 (en)
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015185214A1 (en) * 2014-06-06 2015-12-10 Mahle International Gmbh Heat exchanger, especially exhaust gas cooler
WO2016097136A1 (en) * 2014-12-18 2016-06-23 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Heat exchanger with means improving the tightness of the heat exchanger

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3023365B1 (en) * 2014-07-03 2020-10-23 Valeo Systemes Thermiques MANIFOLD FOR A HEAT EXCHANGER EXCHANGE BEAM

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030196785A1 (en) * 2002-03-30 2003-10-23 Wolfgang Knecht Heat exchanger
EP1930681A1 (en) * 2006-11-30 2008-06-11 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Heat exchanger, arrangement and method for manufacturing a heat exchanger
FR2969269A1 (en) * 2010-12-16 2012-06-22 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Heat exchanger e.g. exhaust gas recirculation cooler, for motor vehicle, has plates, where all or part of plates defines flow channel, and edges of plates are arranged to allow cooling fluid to enter and/or leave flow channel

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030196785A1 (en) * 2002-03-30 2003-10-23 Wolfgang Knecht Heat exchanger
EP1930681A1 (en) * 2006-11-30 2008-06-11 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Heat exchanger, arrangement and method for manufacturing a heat exchanger
FR2969269A1 (en) * 2010-12-16 2012-06-22 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Heat exchanger e.g. exhaust gas recirculation cooler, for motor vehicle, has plates, where all or part of plates defines flow channel, and edges of plates are arranged to allow cooling fluid to enter and/or leave flow channel

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015185214A1 (en) * 2014-06-06 2015-12-10 Mahle International Gmbh Heat exchanger, especially exhaust gas cooler
WO2016097136A1 (en) * 2014-12-18 2016-06-23 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Heat exchanger with means improving the tightness of the heat exchanger
FR3030712A1 (en) * 2014-12-18 2016-06-24 Valeo Systemes Thermiques HEAT EXCHANGER COMPRISING MEANS FOR ENHANCING THE SEALING OF THE HEAT EXCHANGER

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KR101706874B1 (en) 2017-02-15
FR2993969A1 (en) 2014-01-31
KR20150038207A (en) 2015-04-08
FR2993969B1 (en) 2018-07-27
EP2877804A1 (en) 2015-06-03

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