WO2014014569A1 - Système de turbocompresseur avec charge de poussée réduite - Google Patents

Système de turbocompresseur avec charge de poussée réduite Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014014569A1
WO2014014569A1 PCT/US2013/044233 US2013044233W WO2014014569A1 WO 2014014569 A1 WO2014014569 A1 WO 2014014569A1 US 2013044233 W US2013044233 W US 2013044233W WO 2014014569 A1 WO2014014569 A1 WO 2014014569A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
compressor
back surface
low
restriction member
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2013/044233
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Rodrigo Rodriguez Erdmenger
Neil Xavier BLYTHE
Jonathan Edward NAGURNEY
Yu Du
Cathal CLANCY
Daniel Edward Loringer
Matthias Lang
Anthony Holmes Furman
Lukas William Johnson
Kendall Roger Swenson
Original Assignee
General Electric Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Company filed Critical General Electric Company
Publication of WO2014014569A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014014569A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/051—Axial thrust balancing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/05—Shafts or bearings, or assemblies thereof, specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/051—Axial thrust balancing
    • F04D29/0516—Axial thrust balancing balancing pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/08—Sealings
    • F04D29/16—Sealings between pressure and suction sides
    • F04D29/161—Sealings between pressure and suction sides especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/162—Sealings between pressure and suction sides especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps of a centrifugal flow wheel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/284—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the disclosure relate generally to turbocharger system used for engines such as internal combustion engines and more particularly to an improved compressor of the turbocharger system and an improved multi-stage turbocharger system for thrust load reduction.
  • Turbocharger is a forced induction device used in an engine such as an internal combustion engine.
  • the turbocharger operates to allow more power to be produced from the internal combustion engine.
  • the turbocharger typically includes a turbine and a compressor that are coupled to each other via a drive shaft.
  • exhaust gas discharged from an exhaust manifold of the internal combustion engine drives the turbine to rotate which in turn drives the drive shaft and the compressor to rotate.
  • the compressor then compresses input air flow at an atmospheric pressure and provides compressed air at a boosted pressure to the inlet of the internal combustion engine. Because the compressed air forced into the inlet of the internal combustion engine contains more oxygen content, the power produced by the internal combustion engine can be increased as more fuel can be combusted in the cylinders of the internal combustion engine.
  • the turbocharger also utilizes one or more bearing devices to support various loads applied to the drive shaft.
  • a thrust bearing is typically used to support a thrust load applied along an axial direction of the drive shaft.
  • the thrust load can be generated either by a pressure distribution in the turbocharger or by the momentum of the flow in the turbocharger. Too large thrust load leads to a reduced life of the thrust bearing. Therefore, it is desirable to provide turbocharger systems capable of reducing the thrust load.
  • a compressor in accordance with one embodiment disclosed herein, includes a plurality of blades, a hub defining a front surface and a back surface, and a first flow restriction structure provided at the back surface of the hub.
  • the plurality of blades are arranged in a predefined manner on the front surface for receiving input air flow at a first pressure and compressing the input air flow to provide an output air flow at a second pressure higher than the first pressure.
  • the first flow restriction member is configured for preventing at least a portion of the output air flow at the second pressure from entering into the back surface of the hub to reduce an air pressure at the back surface of the hub.
  • a turbocharger system for an internal combustion engine includes a turbine, a compressor, and a thrust bearing.
  • the turbine is in flow communication with an exhaust manifold of the internal combustion engine for receiving exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust manifold and is driven to rotate by the exhaust gas.
  • the compressor is coupled to the turbine through a drive shaft.
  • the compressor is driven to rotate by the drive shaft in response to a rotation of the turbine for supplying pressurized air to an intake of the internal combustion engine.
  • the thrust bearing is attached to the drive shaft for supporting at least a thrust load applied along an axial direction of the drive shaft.
  • the compressor includes a hub defining a back surface provided with a flow restriction member.
  • the flow restriction member deflects a flow path of at least a portion of the pressurized air entering into the back surface at least once to create a pressure difference between two areas at least partially defined by the flow restriction member, and the pressure difference created by the flow restriction member causes the thrust load applied along the axial direction of the drive shaft to be reduced.
  • a multi-stage turbocharger system for an internal combustion engine includes a low-pressure stage and a high-pressure stage.
  • the low- pressure stage includes a low-pressure turbine and a low-pressure compressor.
  • the low-pressure compressor is capable of being driven by the low-pressure turbine to compress input air flow at a first air pressure and provide intermediate air flow at a second air pressure higher than the first air pressure.
  • the high-pressure stage includes a high-pressure turbine and a high-pressure compressor.
  • the high-pressure compressor is placed downstream of the low-pressure compressor.
  • the high-pressure compressor is capable of being driven by the high-pressure turbine to compress at least a portion of the intermediate air flow provided from the low-pressure compressor and supply output air flow at a third air pressure higher than the second air pressure to an intake of the internal combustion engine.
  • the high-pressure compressor is in flow communication with the low-pressure turbine.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a sectional view of a compressor in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the compressor shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a back side elevation view of the compressor shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of the compressor shown in FIG. 1 operating in a first state in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of the compressor shown in FIG. 1 operating in a second state in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a sectional view of a compressor in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a sectional view of a compressor in accordance with yet another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a single-stage turbocharger system used for an internal combustion engine in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a two-stage turbocharger system used for an internal combustion engine in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a two-stage turbocharger system used for an internal combustion engine in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to thrust load reduction for turbocharger systems.
  • the turbocharger systems are used for improving efficiency of engines such as internal combustion engines.
  • a compressor with at least one flow restriction structure is provided.
  • the flow restriction structure is provided at the back surface for preventing at least a portion of pressurized air flow produced by the compressor from entering at the back surface.
  • the air pressure at the back surface can be reduced.
  • Reducing the back surface pressure results in a reduced thrust load applied at a thrust bearing.
  • a two-stage turbocharger system is provided.
  • the two-stage turbocharger system includes a high-pressure stage turbocharger system and a low-pressure stage turbocharger system.
  • at least a portion of the pressurized air flow produced by a high- pressure compressor of the high-pressure stage turbocharger system is diverted to a back surface of a low-pressure turbine of the low-pressure stage turbocharger system to increase the air pressure at the back surface of the low-pressure turbine.
  • the net thrust load applied to a low-pressure thrust bearing in the low-pressure stage turbocharger system can be reduced to avoid over-wearing problems of the low- pressure thrust bearing and/or extend or prolong the life of the low-pressure thrust bearing.
  • FIG. 1 a sectional view of compressor 20 is illustrated in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the compressor 20 can be used in a turbocharger system for supplying pressurized air directly or indirectly to an engine.
  • the compressor 20 may be used in a single-stage turbocharger system 400 shown in FIG. 8 for supplying pressurized air directly to engine 440.
  • the compressor 20 may be used in two-stage turbocharger systems 600, 700 shown in FIG. 9 or FIG. 10 respectively for supplying pressurized air to engine 602. It can be understood the compressor 20 can also be used in other multistage turbocharger systems.
  • the single-stage turbocharger system 400 and the two-stage turbocharger systems 600, 700 will be described with more details below.
  • turbocharger systems 600, 700 shown in FIGS. 8- 10 can contemplate that the compressor 20 with the one or more improved features described below, for example, features for thrust load reduction, can be equally used in other industrial applications, including but not limited to, gas turbines and steam turbines for example.
  • the compressor 20 shown in FIG. 1 may be a centrifugal compressor that can be driven to rotate at certain speed such that an input air flow 212 at a first air pressure received from a first air supplying source can be compressed to provide compressed/pressurized output air flow 214 at a second air pressure.
  • the second air pressure is typically higher than the first air pressure.
  • the input air flow 212 can be received directly from the atmosphere and the first air pressure is the atmospheric pressure.
  • the input air flow 212 may be taken from an upstream compressor which supplies an output air flow at a boosted pressure higher than the atmospheric pressure.
  • the compressor 20 generally includes a hub 220 which is fixedly mounted to one end of a drive shaft 30.
  • the other end of the drive shaft 30 may be coupled to a turbine (not shown in FIG. 1) which can be driven to rotate by exhaust gas discharged from an engine for example.
  • the hub 220 can be driven to rotate around a rotational axis 302 in response to rotational movement of the turbine.
  • the hub 220 may define a center bore 229.
  • One end of the drive shaft 30 can extend through the center bore 229 and is secured with the hub 220 via nuts or screws for example.
  • the hub 220 generally defines a first surface 216 and a second surface 218.
  • the first surface 216 is a front surface facing the input air flow 212.
  • the first surface 216 is provided with a plurality of blades 215.
  • the plurality of blades 215 can be spaced apart on the first surface 216 in a predetermined manner to define a plurality of air channels for the input air flow 212 to pass through.
  • the input air flow 212 may generally flow along a horizontal direction parallel to the axial direction 302 of the drive shaft 30.
  • the output air flow 214 generally flows along the vertical direction or radial direction 210 of the compressor 20.
  • the second surface 228 is a back surface or rear surface that is disposed adjacent to wall of a compressor housing 240. More specifically, a space is defined between the back surface 218 and the wall of the compressor housing 240 to allow the compressor 20 rotate without contacting the compressor housing 240.
  • a portion of the output air flow 214 or a leakage air flow 222 may enter into the space.
  • the leakage air flow 222 in the space has an air pressure which generates a back-surface axial thrust force/load 217 pointing from the back surface 218 to the front surface 216.
  • the back-surface axial thrust force/load 217 then is transmitted through the drive shaft 30 to a thrust bearing 304 attached to the drive shaft 30. Too large back-surface axial thrust force 217 may cause over- wearing problems of the thrust bearing 304 and may thus reduce the life of the thrust bearing 304.
  • a flow restriction structure 224 is introduced at the back surface 218.
  • the flow restriction structure 224 generally divides the space into a first region 226 and a second region 228.
  • the first region 226 is located adjacent to the edge of the compressor 20 where the output air flow 214 is produced.
  • the second region 228 is located adjacent to a center of the compressor 20 where the drive shaft 30 is mounted.
  • the flow restriction structure 224 can be viewed as a flow deflection mechanism which functions to deflect or change a flow path of the leakage air flow 222 such that the leakage air flow 222 is made more difficult flowing from the first region 226 to the second region 228.
  • the flow restriction structure 224 can also be viewed as a flow path extension mechanism which extends the flow path for the leakage air flow 222 to pass through.
  • the flow restriction structure 224 may create a non-linear flow path for the leakage air flow 222 to pass through. Due to flow deflection mechanism or the flow path extension mechanism, the amount of air flow in the second region 228 is less than that in the first region 226 or an air pressure difference is created between the first and second regions 226, 228.
  • the air pressure at the first region 226 is larger than that in the second region 228.
  • a combined air pressure of the first region 226 and the second region 228 is reduced and the reduced air pressure leads to a reduced thrust load 217 applied at the thrust bearing 304.
  • the flow restriction structure 224 includes a first restriction section 223 and a second restriction section 225.
  • the first restriction section 223 is a member that generally protrudes backwardly from the back surface 218 of the hub 220 and extends along the axial direction 302 of the drive shaft 30.
  • the second restriction section 225 is a groove or recess defined in a wall of the compressor housing 240 for non- contactively receiving the first restriction section/member 223 therein.
  • the first restriction section 223 and the second restriction section 225 may exchange roles.
  • the first restriction section 223 may be a member protruding forwardly from the wall of the compressor housing 240 and the second restriction section 224 is a groove or recess defined in the back surface 218 of the hub 220 for receiving the first restriction section 223 therein.
  • the first restriction section 223 may be formed integrally with the back surface 218 of the hub 220. In other implementations, the first restriction section 223 may be detachably coupled to the back surface 218 of the hub 220. Referring also to FIGS. 2 and 3, the first restriction section 223 may also extend along a circumferential direction 227 at the back surface 218 to form a ring- shaped member. In other implementations, the first restriction section 233 is not necessarily extending continuously along the circumferential direction 227 of the back surface 218. For example, the first restriction section 233 may include multiple elements separately arranged along the circumferential direction 227 of the back surface 218. In the illustrated embodiment, the ring-shaped first restriction section 223 divides the back surface 218 into a first region 226 and a second region 228.
  • FIG. 4 an enlarged view of a portion of the compressor 20 including the flow restriction structure 224 is shown in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. More specifically, the first restriction section 223 of the flow restriction structure 224 defines a first surface 232, a second surface 234, and a third surface 236.
  • the second restriction section 225 of the flow restriction structure 224 is a groove defined by a first wall 242, a second wall 244, and a third wall 246.
  • the leakage air flow 222 initially flows along a first channel 235 which is generally parallel to the radial direction 210 of the compressor 20.
  • radial direction is generally defined as a direction extending from a center at which a drive shaft 30 is mounted to an edge of the compressor 20 where the output air flow 214 is produced.
  • the leakage air flow 222 is then deflected to flow in a second channel 237 defined between the first surface 232 and the first wall 242.
  • the second channel 237 is substantially parallel to the axial direction 302 of the drive shaft 30.
  • the leakage air flow 222 flowing in the second channel 237 is further deflected to flow in a third channel 239 defined between the second surface 234 and the second wall 244.
  • the third channel 239 is substantially parallel to the radial direction 210.
  • the leakage air flow 222 flowing in the third channel 239 is further deflected to flow in a fourth channel 241 defined between the third surface 236 and the third wall 246.
  • the fourth channel 241 is substantially parallel to the axial direction 302 of the drive shaft 30. Due to the deflection mechanism, the leakage air flow 222 is made difficult to reach the second region 228 such that the air pressure at the back surface 218 of the compressor 20 can be reduced.
  • FIG. 4 shows the compressor 20 in a stationary state or a non-rotational state
  • FIG. 5 shows the compressor 20 in a rotational state
  • the channel 237 defined between the first surface 232 and the first wall 242 has a first dimension of di.
  • a centrifugal force applied to the first restriction section 223 causes the first restriction section 223 to move along the radial direction 210 and away from the center. That is, the first surface 232 tend to approach the first wall 242 of the compressor housing 240.
  • the flow channel 237 with reduced dimension makes the leakage air flow even more difficult to reach the second region 228.
  • the second region 228 can be substantially sealed with respect to the first region 226.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a sectional view of a compressor 20 in accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is substantially similar to that has been described with reference to FIG. 1. Thus, similar elements will not be described with details in this embodiment.
  • the flow restriction member 224 is further configured for balancing purposes.
  • various factors such as irregularities in mass distribution can make the compressor unbalanced which means that rotational movement of the compressor 20 is substantially eccentric.
  • scalloping means has been employed which removes material at the outer edge and between blades of the compressor wheel for balancing the compressor.
  • scalloping the hub of the compressor can bring performance penalties to the compressor.
  • balancing of the compressor 20 is achieved by removing material from the first restriction section 223 protruding backwardly at the back surface 218 of the compressor 20.
  • the specific amount and location of the material to be removed from the first restriction section 223 is determined according to practical requirements.
  • the rotational movement of the compressor 20 can be substantially concentric. It should be understood that other than the weight-removal features as described herein, in some embodiments, the flow restriction member 224 may be added with some material for balancing the compressor 20. Also, the amount and location of the added material is determined according to the practical requirements.
  • the back surface 218 of the compressor 20 is provided with one flow restriction structure 224 used for reducing the air pressure at the back surface 218.
  • the back surface 218 can be provided with more than one flow restriction structures.
  • FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the compressor 20 in which two flow restriction structures are included.
  • the back surface 218 of the compressor 20 is provided with a first flow restriction structure 252 and a second flow restriction structure 254.
  • the first and second flow restriction structures 252, 254 has configurations that are similar to the flow restriction structure 224 described above with reference to FIGS. 1-3.
  • first flow restriction structure 252 and the second flow restriction structure 254 are spaced apart along the radial direction 210 and divide the back surface into a first region 226, a second region 227, and a third region 228.
  • the first flow restriction member 252 deflects the leakage air flow 222 and creates an air pressure difference between the first region 226 and the second region 227. That is, the air pressure at the second region 227 is smaller than the first region 226.
  • the second flow restriction structure 254 deflects the leakage air flow 222 and creates an air pressure difference between the second region 227 and the third region 228. That is, the air pressure at the third region 228 is smaller than the second region 227.
  • the radial movement of the first and second flow restriction structures 252, 254 with respect to the wall of the compressor housing 240 can further reduce the amount of leakage air flow 222 at the back surface 218 of the compressor.
  • the air pressure at the back surface 218 can be significantly reduced thereby the axial thrust load 217 applied to the thrust bearing 304 can be reduced. Therefore, over- wearing problems of the thrust bearing 304 can be avoided and/or the life of the thrust bearing 304 can be prolonged or extended.
  • either one or both of the first and second flow restriction members 252, 254 can be used for balancing of the compressor 20. More specifically, in one implementation, the first flow restriction structure 252 is partially removed with material for balancing. In another implementation, the second flow restriction structure 254 is partially removed with material for balancing. In yet another implementation, both the first and second flow restriction structures 252, 254 are removed with material for balancing. Still in some implementations, either one or both of the first and second flow restriction members 252, 254 can be added with material for balancing.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a single-stage turbocharger system 400 in which the various compressor embodiments described above can be implemented. More specifically, the single-stage turbocharger system 400 includes a turbine 402 and a compressor 404 that are coupled to each other via a drive shaft 406.
  • the compressor 404 can has substantially the same configuration as the compressor 20 described above with reference to FIGS. 1-7.
  • one or more flow restriction structures 224 can be provided at the back surface 452 of the compressor 404.
  • the turbocharger system 400 further includes a thrust bearing 408 which is schematically shown as being attached to the drive shaft 406 for supporting the thrust load 456 applied to the drive shaft 406.
  • the thrust bearing 408 is a known element in the art, and thus detailed description of the thrust bearing 408 is omitted here.
  • the thrust load 456 is a net thrust load pointing from the turbine 402 side to the compressor 404 side and is parallel to the axial direction 302 of the drive shaft 406.
  • the net thrust load 456 includes at least a compressor back- surface thrust load 458 component which is generated due to the leakage air flow at the back surface 452 of the compressor 404.
  • the compressor back-surface thrust load 458 points substantially at the same direction as that of the net thrust load 456. Thus, reducing the compressor back- surface thrust load 458 can lead to a reduction of the net thrust load 456.
  • the turbine 402 is placed downstream of the exhaust manifold 444 of the engine 440 (e.g., an internal combustion engine) for receiving exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust manifold 444 and routed through an exhaust channel 446.
  • the exhaust gas passes through the turbine 402 and drives the turbine 402 to rotate.
  • the turbine 402 then drives the shaft 406 and compressor 404 to rotate.
  • a portion of the exhaust gas passing through the turbine 402 is discharged directly to the environment.
  • the exhaust gas passing through the turbine 402 may be re-circulated.
  • the compressor 404 compresses input air flow 412 and produces output air flow 413 at boosted air pressure.
  • the output air flow 413 is routed to an intercooler 416 via a first channel 414.
  • the intercooler 416 functions as a heat exchanger to remove heat from the output air flow 413 as a result of the compression process.
  • the cooled output air flow is routed to an intake manifold 442 via a second channel 418.
  • the output air flow 413 produced from the compressor 404 may be directly routed to the intake manifold 442 of the engine 440 without intercooling.
  • the one or more flow restriction structures 454 provided at the back surface 452 of the compressor 404 functions to reduce the amount of leakage air flow entering at back surface 452 of the compressor 404.
  • the reduced leakage air flow leads to a reduced compressor back- surface thrust load/force 458 and a reduced net thrust load 456 applied at the thrust bearing 408.
  • over-wearing problems of the thrust bearing 408 can be avoided and/or the life of the thrust bearing 408 can be extended or prolonged.
  • the one or more flow restriction structures 454 provided at the back surface 452 of the compressor 404 can be modified for balancing the compressor 20.
  • a portion of the flow restriction structure 454 can be removed for balancing.
  • the flow restriction structure 454 can be added with material for balancing.
  • the compressor 20 described with reference to FIGS. 1-7 can be used in a two-stage turbocharger system 600.
  • the two-stage turbocharger system 600 is configured for supplying pressurized air to engine 602 to improve the efficiency of the engine 602.
  • the engine 602 includes an internal combustion engine.
  • the internal combustion engine 602 includes a plurality of cylinders or combustion chambers 604 for combusting fuels and gas supplied through intake manifold 606. After combustion, the exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust manifold 608.
  • the two-stage turbocharger system 600 includes a high-pressure stage turbocharger system 620 and a low-pressure stage turbocharger system 640 in flow communication with each other.
  • the high-pressure stage turbocharger system 620 includes a high-pressure turbine 622 and a high- pressure compressor 624 coupled to each other via a high-pressure drive shaft 626.
  • the low-pressure turbocharger system 640 includes a low-pressure turbine 642 and a low-pressure compressor 644 coupled to each other via a low-pressure drive shaft 646.
  • the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust manifold 608 is routed to the high- pressure turbine 622 through a first exhaust channel 612.
  • the exhaust gas passing through the high-pressure turbine 622 is routed to the low-pressure turbine 642 via a second exhaust channel 618.
  • the second exhaust channel 618 may also receive exhaust gas routed via a bypass channel 614 placed between the inlet and outlet of the high-pressure turbine 622.
  • a valve 616 may be placed in the bypass channel 614 for regulating the amount of bypassed exhaust gas.
  • the high-pressure turbine 622 is driven to rotate by exhaust gas supplied from the first exhaust channel 612.
  • the low-pressure turbine 642 is driven to rotate by the exhaust gas supplied from the second exhaust channel 618.
  • the exhaust gas passing through the low-pressure turbine 642 may be discharged directly to the environment via a third exhaust channel 658.
  • the exhaust gas may be re-circulated to the intake manifold 606 of the engine 602.
  • the low-pressure turbine 642 drives the low-pressure compressor 644 to rotate through the low-pressure drive shaft 646.
  • the low-pressure compressor 644 compresses input air flow received from a first intake channel 632 and provides intermediate air flow with a boosted air pressure to a second intake channel 634.
  • the intermediate air flow is further compressed by the high-pressure compressor 624 which is driven to rotate by the high-pressure turbine 622 through the high-pressure drive shaft 626.
  • the high- pressure compressor 624 provides output air flow with further boosted air pressure to the intake manifold 606 via a third intake channel 654.
  • the intermediate air flow in the second intake channel 634 may be routed to the third intake channel 654 via a bypass channel 636.
  • a valve 638 may be placed in the bypass channel 636 for regulating the amount of bypassed air flow.
  • the low-pressure stage turbocharger system 620 may include a low-pressure thrust bearing 648.
  • the low-pressure thrust bearing 648 is attached to the low-pressure drive shaft 646 for supporting axial thrust load 662 applied to the low-pressure thrust bearing 648.
  • the axial thrust load 662 is a net thrust load which may include a compressor back-surface thrust load 664 component generated due to the leakage air flow at the back surface 643 of the low-pressure compressor 644.
  • the low-pressure compressor 644 is configured with one or more flow restriction structures 649 at the back surface 643 of the low-pressure compressor 624.
  • the one or more flow restriction structures 649 are similar to the flow restriction structures 224 as described above with reference to FIGS. 1-3.
  • the high-pressure stage turbocharger system 620 may further include a high-pressure thrust bearing 628.
  • the high-pressure thrust bearing 628 is attached to the high-pressure drive shaft 626 for supporting the axial thrust load 666 applied to the high-pressure drive shaft 626.
  • the axial thrust load 666 is a net thrust load which may include a compressor back-surface thrust load 668 component.
  • the net thrust load 666 and the compressor back-surface thrust load 668 point to the same direction which may be in parallel to a rotational axis of the high-pressure drive shaft 626.
  • the high-pressure compressor 624 may be optionally or additionally configured with one or more flow restriction structures 629.
  • the one or more flow restriction structures 629 may be similar to the flow restriction structures 224 that have been described above with reference to FIGS. 1-3.
  • the one or more flow restriction structures 629 function to prevent at least a portion of the output air flow from entering the back surface 623 of the high-pressure compressor 624.
  • the reduced amount of leakage air at the back surface 623 of the high-pressure compressor 624 causes a reduction of the axial thrust load 668 and the net thrust load 666 applied to the high-pressure thrust bearing 628.
  • over- wearing problems of the high- pressure thrust bearing 628 can be avoided and the life of the high-pressure thrust bearing 628 can be extended or prolonged.
  • the one or more flow restriction structures 649 provided at the back surface 643 of the low-pressure compressor 644 and/or the one or more flow restriction structures 629 provided at the back surface 623 of the high-pressure compressor 624 can be further modified for balancing purpose of the low-pressure compressor 644 and the high-pressure compressor 624 respectively.
  • the one or more flow restriction structures 629, 649 can be removed with material for balancing.
  • the one or more flow restriction structure 629, 649 can also be added with material for balancing.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic block diagram of another two-stage turbocharger system 700 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the two-stage turbocharger system 700 is similar to the two-stage turbocharger system 600 described above with reference to FIG. 9. Thus, similar elements will not be described in more detail in this embodiment.
  • the two-stage turbocharger system 700 further includes a bypass channel 656 which is in flow communication with the high-pressure compressor 624 and the low-pressure turbine 642. More specifically, in one embodiment, a first end 657 of the bypass channel 656 is coupled to the third intake channel 654 coupled between the high-pressure compressor 624 and the intake manifold 606 of the internal combustion engine 602.
  • a second end 659 of the bypass channel 656 is coupled to the back surface 645 of the low-pressure turbine 642.
  • the air flow at the back surface 645 of the low-pressure turbine 642 generates a turbine back-surface thrust load 665 which is a thrust load component of the net thrust load 662.
  • the turbine back-surface thrust load 665 is opposite to the compressor back-surface thrust load or the net thrust load 662.
  • the bypass channel 656 diverts a portion of the output air flow flowing in the third intake channel 654 to the back surface of the low-pressure turbine 642. More specifically, in the illustrated embodiment, the diverted air flow comes out from a combination of the air flow from the high-pressure compressor 624 and the bypass channel 636. In another embodiment, the diverted air flow may optionally directly come from the immediate output of the high-pressure compressor 624. The diverted air flow helps to increase the air pressure at the back surface 645 of the low-pressure turbine 642 which in turn increases the turbine back-surface thrust load 665 pointing from the low-pressure compressor 644 side to the low-pressure turbine 642 side.
  • the net axial thrust load 662 points from the low-pressure turbine 642 side to the low-pressure compressor 644 side, thus, increasing the thrust load at the back surface 645 of the low-pressure turbine 642 can reduce the net axial thrust load 662 applied to the low-pressure thrust bearing 648. As a result, over- wearing problems of the low-pressure thrust bearing 648 can be avoided and/or the life of the low-pressure thrust bearing 648 can be extended or prolonged.

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un compresseur illustratif. Le compresseur comprend une pluralité de pales, un moyeu définissant une surface avant et une surface arrière, et une première structure de restriction d'écoulement disposée à la surface arrière du moyeu. La pluralité de pales sont disposées d'une manière prédéfinie sur la surface avant pour recevoir un écoulement d'air d'entrée à une première pression et pour comprimer l'écoulement d'air d'entrée de façon à fournir un écoulement d'air de sortie à une seconde pression supérieure à la première pression. Le premier élément de restriction d'écoulement est configuré de façon à empêcher au moins une partie de l'écoulement d'air de sortie à la seconde pression d'entrer dans la surface arrière du moyeu pour réduire une pression d'air à la surface arrière du moyeu.
PCT/US2013/044233 2012-07-16 2013-06-05 Système de turbocompresseur avec charge de poussée réduite WO2014014569A1 (fr)

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US13/549,554 US20140017099A1 (en) 2012-07-16 2012-07-16 Turbocharger system with reduced thrust load
US13/549,554 2012-07-16

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3434875B1 (fr) * 2016-03-30 2021-05-26 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Engine & Turbocharger, Ltd. Turbocompresseur
CN108730222A (zh) * 2017-04-14 2018-11-02 开利公司 用于离心压缩机的密封组件及具有其的离心压缩机

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DE246941C (fr) *
US958612A (en) * 1907-08-12 1910-05-17 Wilhelm Heinrich Eyermann Means for balancing turbines and pumps.
EP0102334A1 (fr) * 1982-08-03 1984-03-07 Union Carbide Corporation Machine rotative fonctionnant à l'aide d'un fluide ayant une fuite de fluide réduite
DE19921765A1 (de) * 1999-05-11 2000-11-23 Siemens Ag Seitenkanalmaschine
US20070110566A1 (en) * 2005-11-16 2007-05-17 General Electric Company Methods and apparatuses for gas turbine engines

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DE2911727C2 (de) * 1979-03-24 1985-05-30 Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union Friedrichshafen Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen Kolben-Brennkraftmaschine mit mindestens zwei Abgasturboladern

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE246941C (fr) *
US958612A (en) * 1907-08-12 1910-05-17 Wilhelm Heinrich Eyermann Means for balancing turbines and pumps.
EP0102334A1 (fr) * 1982-08-03 1984-03-07 Union Carbide Corporation Machine rotative fonctionnant à l'aide d'un fluide ayant une fuite de fluide réduite
DE19921765A1 (de) * 1999-05-11 2000-11-23 Siemens Ag Seitenkanalmaschine
US20070110566A1 (en) * 2005-11-16 2007-05-17 General Electric Company Methods and apparatuses for gas turbine engines

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