WO2014013192A1 - Concealment method and apparatus and naval vessel provided with at least such an apparatus - Google Patents

Concealment method and apparatus and naval vessel provided with at least such an apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014013192A1
WO2014013192A1 PCT/FR2013/051714 FR2013051714W WO2014013192A1 WO 2014013192 A1 WO2014013192 A1 WO 2014013192A1 FR 2013051714 W FR2013051714 W FR 2013051714W WO 2014013192 A1 WO2014013192 A1 WO 2014013192A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
smoke
flow
building
gas
masking
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2013/051714
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Christophe TARDIF
Yohann BONNET
Antoine Delaunay
Original Assignee
Microturbo
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Microturbo filed Critical Microturbo
Priority to CA2878840A priority Critical patent/CA2878840C/en
Priority to US14/414,758 priority patent/US20150183499A1/en
Priority to EP13744762.9A priority patent/EP2874870B1/en
Priority to JP2015522154A priority patent/JP6505598B2/en
Priority to BR112015000852-6A priority patent/BR112015000852B1/en
Priority to RU2015102841A priority patent/RU2616489C2/en
Priority to CN201380037518.6A priority patent/CN104661913B/en
Publication of WO2014013192A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014013192A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G13/00—Other offensive or defensive arrangements on vessels; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63G13/02—Camouflage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G13/00—Other offensive or defensive arrangements on vessels; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63G13/02—Camouflage
    • B63G2013/025—Camouflage using means for reducing radiation emission of electromagnetic waves, e.g. infrared, into air or water

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a masking installation of a naval vessel such as a ship, a pleasure boat or a maritime machine, and to a naval vessel equipped with at least one such an installation.
  • the context of the invention is the protection of a naval vessel, stationary or moving, and its surroundings by a masking cloud of the building at least in the field of visible radiation. This masking is intended to prevent any act of aggression or collision of this building.
  • the field relates to the production of an opaque environment generally formed of particles, for example liquids, suspended in the air to form a cloud, or, for example, solids also suspended in the air to generate smoke.
  • pyrotechnics provides fumes that can not mask a building satisfactorily (dimensions, duration, efficiency) and which generates high costs and a significant degree of danger in handling.
  • the invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by providing the production of an effective masking, covering all or part of essential and long-lasting for sea vessels and their surroundings, and the crew.
  • the goal is also to disorient and worry potential aggressors to dissuade them from any attempt to board.
  • the invention provides for coupling an air flow with a fluid injection capable of causing the formation of a cloud and to orient the cloud in order to optimize the coverage of the building to be protected over time and in the future. space.
  • the present invention relates to a masking process of a naval vessel, preferably in motion, comprising at least one bridge and a hull.
  • the method consists in integrating at least one smoke generator into the building, this integration being able to be carried out on the deck and / or in the building, in particular substantially at or above the water line, to inject a fluid at the outlet of the smoke generator and to guide the flow of gas thus charged with fluid in suspension, said smoke flow, to at least one outlet formed in the shell of the building, so as to direct said flow, for example, towards the rear or towards the front of the building, preferably from a position substantially at or above the waterline of the building.
  • the smoke generator (s) may be integrated at any location of the building such as, for example, at the bow, middle or stern of the building.
  • an injection of colored, powdery, odorous and / or fumigant additives is also carried out at the gas outlet or downstream of the gas outlet;
  • An injection of graphite powder is also performed at the output of the smoke generator so as to cause masking in the field of infrared radiation;
  • the guidance of the flow is widened at the outlet of the smoke generator in order to substantially reduce the speed of the smoke;
  • the guidance of the smoke flow is configured so that the exit of the guidance out of the hull is made between the middle and the front of the ship building and at or above the waterline;
  • the guidance is of adaptable orientation, at the hull exit of the naval vessel, by orientation in a reference plane parallel to the bridge (s) of the building and / or in a plane perpendicular to the reference plane, in order to direct the flow of smoke outward at the waterline according to the movement of the vessel and the conditions of navigation so that the outflow of smoke is directed between the deck (s) and the waterline ;
  • the guide is of variable length so that the guide is adapted to the dimensions of the shell of the building;
  • the smoke flow is cooled and densified by humidification before leaving the hull of the building in order to provoke a vaporization at the exit and to maintain the smoke posed on the body of water which surrounds the building;
  • the smoke flow is regulated so that its output speed is almost zero.
  • the invention also relates to a masking installation of a naval vessel for implementing the method.
  • This installation comprises a gas turbine consisting of a gas generator and a gas ejection nozzle in connection with a fuel tank.
  • the ejection nozzle is equipped with at least one fluid injector connected with at least one reservoir, for injecting this fluid, in particular oil, into the ejection gases of the gas turbine and forming a flow of fluid gas in suspension (F3), said smoke flow, and is coupled to at least one guide duct of the smoke flow.
  • F3 fluid gas in suspension
  • the or each duct comprises at least one divergent truncated cone portion, in connection with the nozzle, in order to substantially reduce the speed of the smoke flow;
  • the or each duct or branch is equipped with a steerable grid in an area of a conduit end, the grid being adapted to direct and / or mix the flow of smoke through the conduit or branch;
  • an external flow injector in the gas flow is arranged in an end zone of the or each duct or branch, in order to cool and densify the flow of smoke, the external fluid being in particular seawater, at a temperature substantially lower than that of the gas flow at said zone;
  • the or each duct or branch is equipped at the end with a steerable nozzle in at least one plane, for example in any direction, in order to direct the flow of smoke at the outlet of the duct or of the branch, so that the masking is as effective as possible depending on the conditions (weather, movement, attack, etc.) imposed on the building;
  • the or each duct comprises a portion fitted in the duct or the branch, with telescopic adjustment means in order to vary and adapt in length the or each duct or branch;
  • the or each duct is sized and configured to adjust the pressure drops of the flow under a given ceiling, in order to avoid an overpressure at the turbine;
  • the or each duct may comprise means for regulating gas flow (diverging in the form of a truncated cone, valves, valves, etc.) in order to reduce the speed of the gas flow and make it tend towards a quasi-zero value at the outlet of conduit;
  • an opening hatch is arranged at the end of the duct and is piloted so that the opening is effective at the start of the gas turbine, this hatch making it possible to prevent seawater from entering the duct to the turbine; to avoid problems of corrosion, leakage, etc. ;
  • the installation comprises at least one additive injector arranged to perform an injection of colored, powdery, odorous and / or smoke additives at the gas outlet or downstream of the gas outlet.
  • the invention also relates to a naval vessel equipped with at least one bridge, a hull and at least one such installation.
  • the facility or installations may be arranged on a deck or in a hold at any location of the building.
  • the lengths of the ducts and branches are then determined to open out of the shell of the building through preformed openings.
  • the installation is disposed at the front of the building centrally, and comprises a duct with two branches having a common end of connection to the nozzle of the gas turbine and ends opening on each of the half-shells.
  • the conduit may be disposed downstream or upstream of the gas turbine, preferably with branches generally facing the rear of the building in both cases.
  • each installation can be disposed laterally near a half-shell and has only one duct with an end that opens out of the half-shell.
  • the or each installation can be integrated into a box when the installation is located on the deck of the building, to protect the installation of sea packets and spray and facilitate traffic on the bridge.
  • conduit (s) of the facilities are arranged so that the flow of smoke leads to the front of the building, for example closer to the level of flotation.
  • the conduit (s) of the installations comprise at least a horizontal portion and / or a vertical portion.
  • the orientation means of the end nozzle of the or each duct can be used to adjust the outlet angle of the smoke flow, for example, depending on the displacement of the building and the navigation conditions so that the output smoke is directed, for example, between the bridge (s) and the waterline, in a given direction.
  • FIG. 2 a partial side view of a vessel equipped with a masking installation in a box located on the deck of this vessel;
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b partial and top views of the ship according to FIG. 3 with a double duct of the masking installation installed in the ship's forward bilge, respectively downstream and upstream of the gas turbine;
  • upstream and downstream relate to relative locations of elements of naval vessels in the direction of the standard navigation of these buildings.
  • the front of such a building is upstream and corresponds to the bow, while the rear is downstream and corresponds to the stern of the building.
  • horizontal means parallel to the bridge (s) of the building and “vertical” means perpendicular to that bridge (s).
  • a gas turbine type engine such as for example, a GPU type motor (initials of "Ground Power Unit” in English terminology), is modified to serve as " smoke turbine "in the masking system 10 according to the invention.
  • a GPU group is a fixed or mobile gas turbine for starting the main engines and generating non-propulsive power (pneumatic, electric or hydraulic power) of a vehicle or an aircraft.
  • GPU group 1 consists essentially of a gas generator 2 and a gas ejection nozzle 3 in connection with a fuel tank 41 and at least one reservoir 42 of fluid, oil H1 in the example - able to remain in the ejection gases in the form of suspended droplets.
  • the gas generator 2 comprises: an air compressor 21 - the air (arrows F1) entering, axially or radially, by a sleeve 5; a combustion chamber 22 of an air and fuel mixture, the fuel coming from the tank 41 being introduced into the chamber 22 by fuel injectors 23; as well as a turbine 24 for expanding the flue gases and for driving the compressor 21 via a shaft 25.
  • the flue gases (arrows F2) are ejected by the nozzle 3.
  • These components are generally enclosed in a casing 6 open at the inlet 5a. of the sleeve 5 and at the outlet 3s of the nozzle 3, which is at the same time the output of the GPU 1 group.
  • the GPU group 1 is modified by adding, at the outlet of the ejection nozzle 3, an annular ring 7 coupled to the casing 6 and equipped with fluid injectors 71, for example of oil, coming from the tank 42. This injection of fluid is propelled by a pump 72 and sprayed by the injectors 71 in the hot and velocity ejection gases leaving through the nozzle 3.
  • fluid injectors 71 for example of oil
  • Such a spray makes it possible to form a flow of gas laden with fluid droplets in suspension (arrows F3), referred to as "charged gas flow” or “smoke flow”.
  • the annular ring 7 is coupled to a conduit 1 1 flue gas discharge outwardly to achieve the masking of the ship.
  • the conduit 1 1 is made of stainless steel in the example.
  • the length of this duct 1 1 and its configuration are then adapted to open into the hull of the naval building which is intended for the installation 10. This adaptation is in particular a function of the dimensions of the building and the planned location - on a bridge or in hold - for this installation.
  • Figures 2 and 3 which follow illustrate the implementation on the deck and in the bilge of a vessel such facilities that include ducts, smoke turbines 1 and tanks 41, 42.
  • colored, powdery, odorous and / or fumigant additives may also be injected by the injectors 71 or any other injection ramp, to create or enhance the effect of surprise and dissuasive smoke flow. It is also advantageous to inject graphite powder which allows masking in the field of infrared radiation. Alternatively, one should refrain from injecting graphite powder if one wants to be able to steer the ship from infrared binoculars through the smoke stream after it has formed around the ship.
  • FIG. 2 shows a partial side view of a ship 100 equipped with a masking device 10 according to the invention comprising a smoke turbine 1, for example the GPU group described with reference to FIG. 41 and 42, as well as the conduit 1 1.
  • the smoke turbine 1 and the tanks 41 and 42 are arranged in a protective box 8 implanted on the deck 10P of this vessel 100.
  • the duct 1 1 comprises a divergent portion truncated cone 12 - called "divergent" - in connection with the nozzle 3 at the output of the smoke turbine 1.
  • This divergent 12 substantially reduces the speed of the gas flow F3 so that, at the outlet end 14 of the duct 1 1 through an orifice 13 formed in the hull 101 of the ship 100, this speed is almost zero.
  • the duct 1 1 has bends C1 to C3, a horizontal portion P1 and a vertical portion P2.
  • the horizontal portion P1 can move the output 14 of the duct 1 1 forward AV of the ship 100, and the vertical portion P2 can lead to the output 14 near the LF water line of the ship 100. It is indeed desired to have an outlet 14 upstream -to allow the smoke to cover the entire ship 100 because of the relative speed of the ship- and close to the waterline LF because the smoke remains "hooked To the expanse of water then rises in time. Exit 14 remains above this LF waterline to prevent the entry of sea or spray packets.
  • the duct 1 1 is dimensioned and configured so that the number of bends, here three elbows C1 to C3, is minimized to minimize the pressure loss of the smoke flow F3 under a ceiling, determined in advance. in order to avoid overpressure at the level of the smoke turbine 1.
  • a hatch 16 opening / closing the outlet 14 of the duct 1 1 on the shell 103 is arranged at the end of the duct. This hatch 16 is driven from the control center (not shown) of the ship 100 so that the opening of the outlet 14 is effective at the start of the smoke turbine 1. It would indeed be harmful to let sea packets and spray penetrate the conduit 1 1 via this output 14 open when the masking system is not in operation. Problems of corrosion, sealing, or equivalent, caused by the presence of seawater, are thus avoided.
  • Figures 3 and 4a illustrate, in side and upper (partial) views of a short vessel 102, another example of wedge implantation before 31 of the smoke turbine 1 already described.
  • a ship is called "short" when, for example, it does not exceed 50 m long.
  • the masking system 10 comprises, in this case, the smoke turbine 1 already described, and a duct 1 1' with two branches 1 1 'a and 1 1' b having a common portion 1 1 'c connected at the outlet of the smoke turbine 1.
  • the duct 1 1 ' is located downstream of the smoke turbine 1.
  • the two duct branches 1 1 'a and 1 1 1' b open on each side half-shell 103a and 103b of the hull 103.
  • the branches 1 1 'and 1 1 'b are symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane Pv of symmetry of the ship 102 and, by their curvature, have generally a direction oriented (arrow F4) towards the rear AR of the ship 102. In this way, the flow of F3 smoke is also oriented mainly towards the rear of the vessel 102.
  • FIG. 4b shows a duct 1 1 "of the type of FIG. 4a but connected upstream of the smoke turbine 1.
  • the symmetrical branches 1 1 "a and 1 1" b are also directed towards the rear AR of the ship 102 so that the flow of smoke F3 settles down the ship, from upstream to downstream.
  • FIG. 5 details the structural elements in the end zone 15 of the branch 1 1 'a of the duct 1 1' making it possible to improve the directivity and the masking quality of the smoke flow at the outlet of the branches 1 1 'a and 1 1' b.
  • the partial view of Figure 5 is an enlarged view of the installation according to Figure 4a.
  • the GPU 1 is connected to a ring 7 equipped with fluid injectors 71, itself connected to the duct 11 '.
  • each leg 1 1a and 1 1b (only the end of the leg 1 1a is visible in Figure 5) is equipped with a 17g adjustable gate valve 17c.
  • the valves 17c of the grid 17g have a set of axes of rotation 17A remotely controlled at the control center (not shown).
  • the gate 17g is more precisely implanted in this example at the output end 14 of the branch 1 1 'a. The flow of smoke F3 is thus finely oriented in the horizontal plane of FIG.
  • water injectors 18 are arranged in said zone 15, upstream of the grid 17g.
  • Water sea water in the example, at low temperature (10 to 20 ° C) substantially lower than the temperature of the smoke flow (greater than 40 ° C), is injected and viaces injectors 18. This injection makes it possible to cool and densify the flow of smoke F3 to weigh it down and "hang it" on the expanse of water surrounding the ship 102. The smoke flow F3 then detaches itself from the expanse of smoke. water and just hide the entire ship 102.
  • each branch 1 1 ' is advantageously equipped, at the output end 14, a nozzle 19 orientable in the horizontal plane of the figure and in a vertical plane perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
  • two-axis articulation means 19A are integrated in the nozzle 19, near its end 19e. The flow of smoke is thus oriented to be able to cling to the expanse of water surrounding the ship 102.
  • the nozzle 19 telescopically fits into the duct branch 11a. The nesting is adjusted by 19c rack adjustment means, also controlled from the control center. It is thus possible to vary and adapt in length the branch 1 1 'a (and, similarly, the section 1 1 b).
  • FIGS. 6a and 6b schematic side and top views of a long tanker 104 (for example longer than 300 m) equipped with four masking facilities located at the bottom of the bilge before 32 and shim in the middle 33 of the tanker 104.
  • Two facilities 10 "a are located near the lateral half-shell 105a of the hull 105 of the ship 104 and two facilities 10 b are located close to the half-shell 105b of the hull 105.
  • the installations 10 "a and 10" b are arranged substantially in the middle M1 and forward AV of the ship 105.
  • the installations 10 "a and 10" b are composed of smoke turbines 1, such as those described above, connected to conduits 1 1 “a and 1 1" b, respectively corresponding to the branch 1 1 'a and to the branch 1 1 'b described above with reference to Figure 4a or Figure 5.
  • the lengths of the ducts 1 1 “a and 1 1” b are determined so that they can out of the hull 105 of the ship through preformed orifices 13.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown. Thus, it is possible to add means for regulating the flow of smoke: valves, valves, etc.
  • the fluid added to the ejection gas to serve as a charge in suspension and form the smoke can be any liquid of organic or aqueous nature, adapted to achieve such a suspensive effect.
  • gas turbine compressors can be used as a smoke generator, for example fans of suitable size and flow rate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for effective concealment that lastingly covers all or the essential portions of vessels and the area around same, as well as the crews thereof. For said purpose, the invention provides for coupling an air flow to an injection of fluid capable of causing the formation of a cloud, followed by positioning said cloud in order to optimise the coverage of the vessel and the area around same to be protected. According to the invention, a concealment apparatus comprises a gas turbine (1) coupled to a duct (11') for discharging a flow of smoke (F3) consisting of a combustion gas charged with droplets of fluid in suspension. According to one embodiment, the duct (11') comprises two arms (11'a, 11'b) which are connected to each side half (103a, 103b) of the hull (103) of the vessel (102). The arms (11'a, 11'b) are symmetrical relative to a vertical plane Pv of symmetry of the ship (102) and, due to the curvature thereof, are generally directed (arrow F4) toward the rear (AR) of the ship (102). Thus, the flow of smoke (F3) is also directed toward the rear (AR) of the ship (102). The invention is useful in particular for all types of naval vessels.

Description

PROCÉDÉ ET INSTALLATION DE MASQUAGE AINSI QUE BÂTIMENT NAVAL EQUIPE D'AU MOINS UNE TELLE INSTALLATION  METHOD AND INSTALLATION OF MASKING AND NAVAL BUILDING EQUIPPED WITH AT LEAST ONE SUCH INSTALLATION
DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
DOMAINE TECHNIQUE TECHNICAL AREA
[0001] L'invention se rapporte à un procédé et à une installation de masquage d'un bâtiment naval tel qu'un navire, un bateau de plaisance ou un engin maritime, ainsi qu'à un bâtiment naval équipé d'au moins une telle installation.  The invention relates to a method and a masking installation of a naval vessel such as a ship, a pleasure boat or a maritime machine, and to a naval vessel equipped with at least one such an installation.
[0002] Le contexte de l'invention est la protection d'un bâtiment naval, à l'arrêt ou en mouvement, et de ses abords par un nuage de masquage du bâtiment au moins dans le domaine des radiations visibles. Ce masquage vise à éviter tout acte d'agression ou d'abordage de ce bâtiment.  The context of the invention is the protection of a naval vessel, stationary or moving, and its surroundings by a masking cloud of the building at least in the field of visible radiation. This masking is intended to prevent any act of aggression or collision of this building.
[0003] Le domaine concerne la production d'un environnement opaque formé en général de particules, par exemple liquides, en suspension dans l'air pour constituer un nuage, ou, par exemple, solides également en suspension dans l'air pour générer de la fumée.  The field relates to the production of an opaque environment generally formed of particles, for example liquids, suspended in the air to form a cloud, or, for example, solids also suspended in the air to generate smoke.
[0004] Dans le cas où le bâtiment de mer à protéger est en mouvement sur l'eau, la production d'un environnement opaque doit pouvoir coïncider avec le déplacement du bâtiment. L'installation des moyens de production d'un tel environnement sur ou dans le bâtiment est donc à prévoir. De plus, le masquage, destiné à couvrir tout ou, pour le moins, en partie essentielle du bâtiment, il convient de s'assurer que l'environnement permet cette couverture dans l'espace et dans le temps. ÉTAT DE LA TECHNIQUE  In the case where the sea vessel to protect is moving on the water, the production of an opaque environment must coincide with the movement of the building. Installation of the means of production of such an environment on or in the building is expected. In addition, masking, intended to cover all or, at least, essential part of the building, it should be ensured that the environment allows this coverage in space and time. STATE OF THE ART
[0005] L'utilisation de cartouches de fumigène est connue pour créer des écrans de fumée. Cependant, ces écrans restent de dimensions réduites et ne sont efficaces que pendant une courte durée et ne fournissent qu'un faible débit. De plus, l'efficacité au masquage n'est pas suffisante car la couverture opaque n'est pas uniforme. The use of smoke cartridges is known to create smoke screens. However, these screens are small and effective only for a short time and provide a low flow. In addition, masking efficiency is not sufficient because the opaque cover is not uniform.
[0006] De manière générale, la pyrotechnique fournit des fumées qui ne peuvent masquer un bâtiment de manière satisfaisante (dimensions, durée, efficacité) et qui génère des coûts élevés ainsi qu'un degré de dangerosité non négligeable dans la manipulation.  In general, pyrotechnics provides fumes that can not mask a building satisfactorily (dimensions, duration, efficiency) and which generates high costs and a significant degree of danger in handling.
EXPOSÉ DE L'INVENTION STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
[0007] L'invention vise à s'affranchir de ces inconvénients en proposant la production d'un masquage efficace, couvrant tout ou en partie essentielle et de longue durée pour les bâtiments de mer et de leurs abords, ainsi que l'équipage. Le but est également de désorienter et d'inquiéter les éventuels agresseurs afin de les dissuader de toute tentative d'abordage. Pour ce faire, l'invention prévoit de coupler un débit d'air avec une injection de fluide apte à provoquer la formation d'un nuage et d'orienter ce nuage afin d'optimiser la couverture du bâtiment à protéger dans le temps et dans l'espace.  The invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by providing the production of an effective masking, covering all or part of essential and long-lasting for sea vessels and their surroundings, and the crew. The goal is also to disorient and worry potential aggressors to dissuade them from any attempt to board. To do this, the invention provides for coupling an air flow with a fluid injection capable of causing the formation of a cloud and to orient the cloud in order to optimize the coverage of the building to be protected over time and in the future. space.
[0008] Plus précisément, la présente invention a pour objet un procédé de masquage d'un bâtiment naval, de préférence en mouvement, comportant au moins un pont et une coque. Le procédé consiste à intégrer au bâtiment au moins un générateur de fumée, cette intégration pouvant être réalisée sur le pont et/ou dans le bâtiment, en particulier sensiblement au niveau ou au-dessus de la ligne de flottaison, à injecter un fluide en sortie du générateur de fumée et à guider le flux de gaz ainsi chargé de fluide en suspension, dit flux de fumée, vers au moins une sortie formée dans la coque du bâtiment, de sorte à diriger ledit flux, par exemple, vers l'arrière ou vers l'avant du bâtiment, de préférence à partir d'une position sensiblement au niveau ou au-dessus de la ligne de flottaison du bâtiment. Le ou les générateurs de fumée peuvent être intégrés à tout endroit du bâtiment tel que, par exemple, au niveau de la proue, du milieu ou de la poupe du bâtiment.  More specifically, the present invention relates to a masking process of a naval vessel, preferably in motion, comprising at least one bridge and a hull. The method consists in integrating at least one smoke generator into the building, this integration being able to be carried out on the deck and / or in the building, in particular substantially at or above the water line, to inject a fluid at the outlet of the smoke generator and to guide the flow of gas thus charged with fluid in suspension, said smoke flow, to at least one outlet formed in the shell of the building, so as to direct said flow, for example, towards the rear or towards the front of the building, preferably from a position substantially at or above the waterline of the building. The smoke generator (s) may be integrated at any location of the building such as, for example, at the bow, middle or stern of the building.
[0009] Selon des modes de réalisation préférés :  According to preferred embodiments:
- une injection d'additifs colorés, pulvérulents, odorants et/ou fumigènes est également effectuée en sortie de gaz ou en aval de la sortie de gaz ; - une injection de poudre de graphite est également effectuée en sortie du générateur de fumée de sorte à provoquer un masquage dans le domaine des radiations infrarouges ; an injection of colored, powdery, odorous and / or fumigant additives is also carried out at the gas outlet or downstream of the gas outlet; - An injection of graphite powder is also performed at the output of the smoke generator so as to cause masking in the field of infrared radiation;
- le guidage du flux est élargi en sortie du générateur de fumée afin de diminuer sensiblement la vitesse de la fumée ;  the guidance of the flow is widened at the outlet of the smoke generator in order to substantially reduce the speed of the smoke;
- le guidage du flux de fumée est configuré de sorte que la sortie du guidage hors de la coque est réalisé entre le milieu et l'avant du bâtiment naval et au niveau ou au-dessus de la ligne de flottaison ;  - The guidance of the smoke flow is configured so that the exit of the guidance out of the hull is made between the middle and the front of the ship building and at or above the waterline;
- le guidage est d'orientation adaptable, en sortie de coque du bâtiment naval, par orientation dans un plan de référence parallèle à (aux) pont(s) du bâtiment et/ou dans un plan perpendiculaire au plan de référence, afin d'orienter le flux de fumée en sortie au niveau de la ligne de flottaison en fonction du déplacement du bâtiment et des conditions de navigation de sorte que le flux de fumée en sortie soit dirigée entre le(s) pont(s) et la ligne de flottaison ;  - the guidance is of adaptable orientation, at the hull exit of the naval vessel, by orientation in a reference plane parallel to the bridge (s) of the building and / or in a plane perpendicular to the reference plane, in order to direct the flow of smoke outward at the waterline according to the movement of the vessel and the conditions of navigation so that the outflow of smoke is directed between the deck (s) and the waterline ;
- le guidage est de longueur variable pour que le guidage soit adapté aux dimensions de la coque du bâtiment ;  - The guide is of variable length so that the guide is adapted to the dimensions of the shell of the building;
- le flux de fumée est refroidi et densifié par humidification avant de sortir de la coque du bâtiment afin de provoquer une vaporisation en sortie et de maintenir la fumée posée sur l'étendue d'eau qui entoure le bâtiment ;  - the smoke flow is cooled and densified by humidification before leaving the hull of the building in order to provoke a vaporization at the exit and to maintain the smoke posed on the body of water which surrounds the building;
- le flux de fumée est régulé pour que sa vitesse en sortie soit quasi-nulle.  - The smoke flow is regulated so that its output speed is almost zero.
[0010] L'invention se rapporte également à une installation de masquage d'un bâtiment naval destinée à mettre en œuvre le procédé. Cette installation comporte une turbine à gaz se composant d'un générateur de gaz et d'une tuyère d'éjection des gaz en liaison avec un réservoir de carburant. La tuyère d'éjection est équipée d'au moins un injecteur de fluide en liaison avec au moins un réservoir, pour injecter ce fluide, en particulier de l'huile, dans les gaz d'éjection de la turbine à gaz et former un flux de gaz à fluide en suspension (F3), dit flux de fumée, et est couplée à au moins un conduit de guidage du flux de fumée.  The invention also relates to a masking installation of a naval vessel for implementing the method. This installation comprises a gas turbine consisting of a gas generator and a gas ejection nozzle in connection with a fuel tank. The ejection nozzle is equipped with at least one fluid injector connected with at least one reservoir, for injecting this fluid, in particular oil, into the ejection gases of the gas turbine and forming a flow of fluid gas in suspension (F3), said smoke flow, and is coupled to at least one guide duct of the smoke flow.
[0011] Selon des modes de réalisation avantageux :  According to advantageous embodiments:
- le ou chaque conduit comporte au moins une portion divergente en tronc de cône, en connexion avec la tuyère afin de diminuer sensiblement la vitesse du flux de fumée ; - le ou chaque conduit ou branche est équipé d'une grille orientable dans une zone d'une extrémité de conduit, la grille étant apte à diriger et/ou mélanger le flux de fumée qui traverse le conduit ou branche; the or each duct comprises at least one divergent truncated cone portion, in connection with the nozzle, in order to substantially reduce the speed of the smoke flow; - The or each duct or branch is equipped with a steerable grid in an area of a conduit end, the grid being adapted to direct and / or mix the flow of smoke through the conduit or branch;
- un injecteur de flux externe dans le flux de gaz est agencé dans une zone d'extrémité du ou de chaque conduit ou branche, afin de refroidir et densifier le flux de fumée, le fluide externe étant en particulier de l'eau de mer, à température sensiblement inférieure à celle du flux de gaz au niveau de ladite zone;  an external flow injector in the gas flow is arranged in an end zone of the or each duct or branch, in order to cool and densify the flow of smoke, the external fluid being in particular seawater, at a temperature substantially lower than that of the gas flow at said zone;
- le ou chaque conduit ou branche est équipé en extrémité d'une buse orientable dans au moins un plan, par exemple dans n'importe quelle direction, afin de diriger le flux de fumée en sortie du conduit ou de la branche, de sorte que le masquage soit le plus efficace possible suivant les conditions (météorologiques, de mouvement, d'attaque etc.) imposées au bâtiment ;  the or each duct or branch is equipped at the end with a steerable nozzle in at least one plane, for example in any direction, in order to direct the flow of smoke at the outlet of the duct or of the branch, so that the masking is as effective as possible depending on the conditions (weather, movement, attack, etc.) imposed on the building;
- le ou chaque conduit comporte une portion emboîtée dans le conduit ou la branche, avec des moyens de réglage télescopique afin de faire varier et adapter en longueur le ou chaque conduit ou branche ;  the or each duct comprises a portion fitted in the duct or the branch, with telescopic adjustment means in order to vary and adapt in length the or each duct or branch;
- le ou chaque conduit est dimensionné et configuré pour ajuster les pertes de charge du flux sous un plafond déterminé, afin d'éviter une surpression au niveau de la turbine ;  the or each duct is sized and configured to adjust the pressure drops of the flow under a given ceiling, in order to avoid an overpressure at the turbine;
- le ou chaque conduit peut comporter des moyens de régularisation de flux de gaz (divergents en tronc de cône, vannes, clapets, etc.) pour diminuer la vitesse du flux de gaz et la faire tendre vers une valeur quasi-nulle en sortie de conduit;  the or each duct may comprise means for regulating gas flow (diverging in the form of a truncated cone, valves, valves, etc.) in order to reduce the speed of the gas flow and make it tend towards a quasi-zero value at the outlet of conduit;
- une trappe d'ouverture est agencée en extrémité de conduit et pilotée pour que l'ouverture soit effective au démarrage de la turbine à gaz, cette trappe permettant d'empêcher l'eau de mer de pénétrer dans le conduit jusqu'à la turbine à gaz et d'éviter les problèmes de corrosion, d'étanchéité, etc. ;  an opening hatch is arranged at the end of the duct and is piloted so that the opening is effective at the start of the gas turbine, this hatch making it possible to prevent seawater from entering the duct to the turbine; to avoid problems of corrosion, leakage, etc. ;
- le générateur de gaz, la tuyère et les réservoirs sont intégrés dans un caisson de protection, les réservoirs étant, de préférence, séparés du générateur de gaz et de la tuyère par au moins une cloison de protection ; - l'installation comprend au moins un injecteur d'additifs agencé de sorte à effectuer une injection d'additifs colorés, pulvérulents, odorants et/ou fumigènes en sortie de gaz ou en aval de la sortie de gaz. the gas generator, the nozzle and the reservoirs are integrated in a protective casing, the reservoirs preferably being separated from the gas generator and the nozzle by at least one protective partition; - The installation comprises at least one additive injector arranged to perform an injection of colored, powdery, odorous and / or smoke additives at the gas outlet or downstream of the gas outlet.
[0012] L'invention concerne également un bâtiment naval équipé d'au moins un pont, d'une coque et d'au moins une telle installation. La ou les installations peuvent être disposées sur un pont ou bien en cale, à tout endroit du bâtiment. Les longueurs des conduits et branches sont alors déterminées pour déboucher hors de la coque du bâtiment à travers des ouvertures préformées.  The invention also relates to a naval vessel equipped with at least one bridge, a hull and at least one such installation. The facility or installations may be arranged on a deck or in a hold at any location of the building. The lengths of the ducts and branches are then determined to open out of the shell of the building through preformed openings.
[0013] De manière avantageuse, l'installation est disposée à l'avant du bâtiment de manière centrale, et comporte un conduit à deux branches présentant une extrémité commune de raccord à la tuyère de la turbine à gaz et des extrémités débouchant sur chacune des demi-coques. Le conduit peut être disposé en aval ou en amont de la turbine à gaz, de préférence avec des branches globalement orientées vers l'arrière du bâtiment dans les deux cas.  Advantageously, the installation is disposed at the front of the building centrally, and comprises a duct with two branches having a common end of connection to the nozzle of the gas turbine and ends opening on each of the half-shells. The conduit may be disposed downstream or upstream of the gas turbine, preferably with branches generally facing the rear of the building in both cases.
[0014] Lorsque le bâtiment comporte au moins deux installations, chaque installation peut être disposée latéralement à proximité d'une demi-coque et ne comporte qu'un conduit avec une extrémité qui débouche hors de la demi-coque.  When the building comprises at least two facilities, each installation can be disposed laterally near a half-shell and has only one duct with an end that opens out of the half-shell.
[0015] Le ou chaque installation peut être intégrée dans un caisson lorsque cette installation est implantée sur le pont du bâtiment, afin de protéger l'installation des paquets de mer et des embruns et de faciliter la circulation sur le pont.  The or each installation can be integrated into a box when the installation is located on the deck of the building, to protect the installation of sea packets and spray and facilitate traffic on the bridge.
[0016] De plus, le ou les conduit(s) des installations sont agencés de sorte que le flux de fumée débouche à l'avant du bâtiment, par exemple au plus près du niveau de flottaison. De préférence, le ou les conduit(s) des installations comprennent au moins une portion horizontale et/ou une portion verticale.  In addition, the conduit (s) of the facilities are arranged so that the flow of smoke leads to the front of the building, for example closer to the level of flotation. Preferably, the conduit (s) of the installations comprise at least a horizontal portion and / or a vertical portion.
[0017] Les moyens d'orientation de la buse d'extrémité du ou de chaque conduit peuvent permettre de régler l'angle de sortie du flux de fumée, par exemple, en fonction du déplacement du bâtiment et des conditions de navigation de sorte que la fumée en sortie soit dirigée, par exemple, entre le(s) pont(s) et la ligne de flottaison, dans une direction donnée.  The orientation means of the end nozzle of the or each duct can be used to adjust the outlet angle of the smoke flow, for example, depending on the displacement of the building and the navigation conditions so that the output smoke is directed, for example, between the bridge (s) and the waterline, in a given direction.
PRÉSENTATION DES FIGURES [0018] D'autres données, caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description non limitée qui suit, en référence aux figures schématiques annexées qui représentent, respectivement : PRESENTATION OF FIGURES Other data, features and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the following non-limited description, with reference to the appended diagrammatic figures which represent, respectively:
- la figure 1 , un diagramme de moteur auxiliaire comme exemple de turbine à gaz d'une installation de masquage selon l'invention;  - Figure 1, an auxiliary motor diagram as an example of gas turbine of a masking system according to the invention;
- la figure 2, une vue latérale partielle d'un navire équipé d'une installation de masquage dans un caisson implanté sur le pont de ce navire ;  - Figure 2, a partial side view of a vessel equipped with a masking installation in a box located on the deck of this vessel;
- la figure 3, une vue latérale d'un navire court équipé d'une installation de masquage en cale avant du navire :  - Figure 3, a side view of a short ship equipped with a masking system in hold before the ship:
- les figures 4a et 4b, des vues partielles et supérieures du navire selon la figure 3 avec un double conduit de l'installation de masquage implantée en cale avant du navire, respectivement en aval et en amont de la turbine à gaz ;  FIGS. 4a and 4b, partial and top views of the ship according to FIG. 3 with a double duct of the masking installation installed in the ship's forward bilge, respectively downstream and upstream of the gas turbine;
- la figure 5, une vue partielle agrandie de l'installation selon la figure 4a détaillant les éléments de structure en extrémité d'une branche de la double conduit, et  - Figure 5, an enlarged partial view of the installation according to Figure 4a detailing the structural elements at the end of a branch of the double conduit, and
- les figures 6a et 6b, des vues latérale et supérieure d'un tanker long équipé de quatre installations de masquage selon l'invention.  - Figures 6a and 6b, side and top views of a long tanker equipped with four masking devices according to the invention.
DESCRIPTION DÉTAILLÉE DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] Dans tout le texte, les qualificatifs « amont » et « aval » se rapportent à des localisations relatives d'éléments des bâtiments navals dans le sens de la navigation standard de ces bâtiments. L'avant d'un tel bâtiment est en amont et correspond à la proue, alors que l'arrière est en aval et correspond à la poupe du bâtiment. De plus, «horizontal » signifie parallèle au(x) pont(s) du bâtiment et « vertical » signifie perpendiculaire à ce(s) pont(s).  Throughout the text, the qualifiers "upstream" and "downstream" relate to relative locations of elements of naval vessels in the direction of the standard navigation of these buildings. The front of such a building is upstream and corresponds to the bow, while the rear is downstream and corresponds to the stern of the building. In addition, "horizontal" means parallel to the bridge (s) of the building and "vertical" means perpendicular to that bridge (s).
[0020] En référence au diagramme schématique de la figure 1 , un moteur de type turbine à gaz, tel que par exemple, un moteur de type GPU (initiales de « Ground Power Unit » en terminologie anglaise), est modifié pour servir de « turbine à fumée » dans l'installation de masquage 10 selon l'invention. Un groupe GPU est une turbine à gaz fixe ou mobile permettant le démarrage des moteurs principaux et la génération de puissance non propulsive (puissance pneumatique, électrique ou hydraulique) d'un véhicule ou d'un aéronef. [0021] Le groupe GPU 1 se compose essentiellement d'un générateur de gaz 2 et d'une tuyère d'éjection des gaz 3 en liaison avec un réservoir de carburant 41 et au moins un réservoir 42 de fluide, de l'huile H1 dans l'exemple - apte à rester dans les gaz d'éjection sous forme de gouttelettes suspendues-. Le générateur de gaz 2 comporte : un compresseur d'air 21 -l'air (flèches F1 ) entrant, axialement ou radialement, par un manchon 5- ; une chambre de combustion 22 d'un mélange air et carburant, le carburant provenant du réservoir 41 étant introduit dans la chambre 22 par des injecteurs de carburant 23 ; ainsi qu'une turbine 24 de détente des gaz brûlés et d'entraînement du compresseur 21 via un arbre 25. Les gaz brûlés (flèches F2) sont éjectés par la tuyère 3. Ces composants sont généralement enfermés dans un carter 6 ouvert en entrée 5a du manchon 5 et en sortie 3s de la tuyère 3, qui est en même temps la sortie du groupe GPU 1 . Referring to the schematic diagram of Figure 1, a gas turbine type engine, such as for example, a GPU type motor (initials of "Ground Power Unit" in English terminology), is modified to serve as " smoke turbine "in the masking system 10 according to the invention. A GPU group is a fixed or mobile gas turbine for starting the main engines and generating non-propulsive power (pneumatic, electric or hydraulic power) of a vehicle or an aircraft. GPU group 1 consists essentially of a gas generator 2 and a gas ejection nozzle 3 in connection with a fuel tank 41 and at least one reservoir 42 of fluid, oil H1 in the example - able to remain in the ejection gases in the form of suspended droplets. The gas generator 2 comprises: an air compressor 21 - the air (arrows F1) entering, axially or radially, by a sleeve 5; a combustion chamber 22 of an air and fuel mixture, the fuel coming from the tank 41 being introduced into the chamber 22 by fuel injectors 23; as well as a turbine 24 for expanding the flue gases and for driving the compressor 21 via a shaft 25. The flue gases (arrows F2) are ejected by the nozzle 3. These components are generally enclosed in a casing 6 open at the inlet 5a. of the sleeve 5 and at the outlet 3s of the nozzle 3, which is at the same time the output of the GPU 1 group.
[0022] Pour former une turbine à fumée, le groupe GPU 1 est modifié par ajout, en sortie de la tuyère d'éjection 3, d'une bague annulaire 7 couplée au carter 6 et équipée d'injecteurs de fluide 71 , par exemple d'huile, provenant du réservoir 42. Cette injection de fluide est propulsée par une pompe 72 et pulvérisée par les injecteurs 71 dans les gaz d'éjection chauds et véloces sortant par la tuyère 3.  To form a smoke turbine, the GPU group 1 is modified by adding, at the outlet of the ejection nozzle 3, an annular ring 7 coupled to the casing 6 and equipped with fluid injectors 71, for example of oil, coming from the tank 42. This injection of fluid is propelled by a pump 72 and sprayed by the injectors 71 in the hot and velocity ejection gases leaving through the nozzle 3.
[0023] Une telle pulvérisation permet de former un flux de gaz chargé de gouttelettes de fluide en suspension (flèches F3), dénommé « flux de gaz chargé » ou « flux de fumée ». La bague annulaire 7 est couplée à un conduit 1 1 d'évacuation du gaz de fumée vers l'extérieur pour réaliser le masquage du navire. Le conduit 1 1 est en acier inoxydable dans l'exemple. La longueur de ce conduit 1 1 et sa configuration sont ensuite adaptées pour déboucher dans la coque du bâtiment naval auquel est destinée l'installation 10. Cette adaptation est notamment fonction des dimensions du bâtiment et de l'emplacement prévu - sur un pont ou en cale - pour cette installation. Les figures 2 et 3 qui suivent illustrent l'implantation sur le pont et en fond de cale d'un navire de telles installations qui comprennent des conduits, des turbines à fumée 1 et des réservoirs 41 , 42.  Such a spray makes it possible to form a flow of gas laden with fluid droplets in suspension (arrows F3), referred to as "charged gas flow" or "smoke flow". The annular ring 7 is coupled to a conduit 1 1 flue gas discharge outwardly to achieve the masking of the ship. The conduit 1 1 is made of stainless steel in the example. The length of this duct 1 1 and its configuration are then adapted to open into the hull of the naval building which is intended for the installation 10. This adaptation is in particular a function of the dimensions of the building and the planned location - on a bridge or in hold - for this installation. Figures 2 and 3 which follow illustrate the implementation on the deck and in the bilge of a vessel such facilities that include ducts, smoke turbines 1 and tanks 41, 42.
[0024] Avantageusement, outre de l'huile, des additifs colorés, pulvérulents, odorants et/ou fumigènes peuvent également être injectés par les injecteurs 71 ou tout autre rampe d'injection, afin de créer ou de renforcer l'effet de surprise et dissuasif du flux de fumée. Il est également avantageux d'injecter de la poudre de graphite qui permet un masquage dans le domaine du rayonnement infrarouge. Alternativement, il convient de s'abstenir d'injecter de la poudre de graphite si l'on souhaite pouvoir diriger le navire à partir de jumelles infrarouges à travers le flux de fumée après qu'il se soit formé autour du navire. Advantageously, in addition to the oil, colored, powdery, odorous and / or fumigant additives may also be injected by the injectors 71 or any other injection ramp, to create or enhance the effect of surprise and dissuasive smoke flow. It is also advantageous to inject graphite powder which allows masking in the field of infrared radiation. Alternatively, one should refrain from injecting graphite powder if one wants to be able to steer the ship from infrared binoculars through the smoke stream after it has formed around the ship.
[0025] La figure 2 montre une vue latérale partielle d'un navire 100 équipé d'une installation de masquage 10 selon l'invention comportant une turbine à fumée 1 , par exemple le groupe GPU décrit en référence à la figure 1 , les réservoirs 41 et 42, ainsi que le conduit 1 1 . La turbine à fumée 1 et les réservoirs 41 et 42 sont agencés dans un caisson de protection 8 implanté sur le pont 10P de ce navire 100.  FIG. 2 shows a partial side view of a ship 100 equipped with a masking device 10 according to the invention comprising a smoke turbine 1, for example the GPU group described with reference to FIG. 41 and 42, as well as the conduit 1 1. The smoke turbine 1 and the tanks 41 and 42 are arranged in a protective box 8 implanted on the deck 10P of this vessel 100.
[0026] Le conduit 1 1 comporte une portion divergente en tronc de cône 12 - appelée « divergent » - en connexion avec la tuyère 3 en sortie de turbine à fumée 1 . Ce divergent 12 permet de réduire sensiblement la vitesse du flux de gaz F3 de sorte que, en extrémité de sortie 14 du conduit 1 1 à travers un orifice 13 pratiqué dans la coque 101 du navire 100, cette vitesse soit quasiment nulle. Le conduit 1 1 possède des coudes C1 à C3, une portion horizontale P1 et une portion verticale P2.  The duct 1 1 comprises a divergent portion truncated cone 12 - called "divergent" - in connection with the nozzle 3 at the output of the smoke turbine 1. This divergent 12 substantially reduces the speed of the gas flow F3 so that, at the outlet end 14 of the duct 1 1 through an orifice 13 formed in the hull 101 of the ship 100, this speed is almost zero. The duct 1 1 has bends C1 to C3, a horizontal portion P1 and a vertical portion P2.
[0027] La portion horizontale P1 permet de déplacer la sortie 14 du conduit 1 1 vers l'avant AV du navire 100, et la portion verticale P2 permet de déboucher en sortie 14 à proximité de la ligne de flottaison LF du navire 100. Il est en effet recherché d'avoir une sortie 14 en amont -afin de permettre à la fumée de couvrir l'ensemble du navire 100 du fait de la vitesse relative du navire- et proche de la ligne de flottaison LF car la fumée reste « accrochée » à l'étendue d'eau puis s'élève dans le temps. La sortie 14 reste au-dessus de cette ligne de flottaison LF afin d'éviter l'entrée de paquets de mer ou d'embruns.  The horizontal portion P1 can move the output 14 of the duct 1 1 forward AV of the ship 100, and the vertical portion P2 can lead to the output 14 near the LF water line of the ship 100. It is indeed desired to have an outlet 14 upstream -to allow the smoke to cover the entire ship 100 because of the relative speed of the ship- and close to the waterline LF because the smoke remains "hooked To the expanse of water then rises in time. Exit 14 remains above this LF waterline to prevent the entry of sea or spray packets.
[0028] Le conduit 1 1 est dimensionné et configuré pour que le nombre de coudes, ici trois coudes C1 à C3, soit réduit au minimum afin de minimiser les pertes de charge du flux de fumée F3 sous un plafond, déterminé à l'avance dans le but d'éviter des surpressions au niveau de la turbine à fumée 1 . [0029] Avantageusement, une trappe 16 d'ouverture/fermeture de la sortie 14 du conduit 1 1 sur la coque 103 est agencée en extrémité de conduit. Cette trappe 16 est pilotée depuis le centre de pilotage (non représenté) du navire 100 pour que l'ouverture de la sortie 14 soit effective au démarrage de la turbine à fumée 1 . Il serait en effet nuisible de laisser des paquets de mer et d'embruns pénétrer le conduit 1 1 via cette sortie 14 ouverte lorsque l'installation de masquage n'est pas en fonction. Les problèmes de corrosion, d'étanchéité, ou équivalents, provoqués par la présence d'eau de mer, sont ainsi évités. The duct 1 1 is dimensioned and configured so that the number of bends, here three elbows C1 to C3, is minimized to minimize the pressure loss of the smoke flow F3 under a ceiling, determined in advance. in order to avoid overpressure at the level of the smoke turbine 1. Advantageously, a hatch 16 opening / closing the outlet 14 of the duct 1 1 on the shell 103 is arranged at the end of the duct. This hatch 16 is driven from the control center (not shown) of the ship 100 so that the opening of the outlet 14 is effective at the start of the smoke turbine 1. It would indeed be harmful to let sea packets and spray penetrate the conduit 1 1 via this output 14 open when the masking system is not in operation. Problems of corrosion, sealing, or equivalent, caused by the presence of seawater, are thus avoided.
[0030] Les figures 3 et 4a illustrent, en vues latérale et supérieure (partielle) d'un navire court 102, un autre exemple d'implantation en cale avant 31 de la turbine à fumée 1 déjà décrite. Un navire est dit « court » lorsque, par exemple, il ne dépasse pas 50 m de long.  Figures 3 and 4a illustrate, in side and upper (partial) views of a short vessel 102, another example of wedge implantation before 31 of the smoke turbine 1 already described. A ship is called "short" when, for example, it does not exceed 50 m long.
[0031] L'installation de masquage 10' comporte, dans ce cas, la turbine à fumée 1 déjà décrite, et un conduit 1 1 ' à deux branches 1 1 'a et 1 1 'b ayant une portion commune 1 1 'c connectée en sortie de la turbine à fumée 1 . Dans cet exemple, le conduit 1 1 ' est implanté en aval de la turbine à fumée 1 . Le fait que le navire 102 soit court permet de limiter le nombre d'installations à une seule, agencée à l'avant AV du navire 102 pour que le flux de fumée F3 sorte du conduit 1 1 ' également depuis l'avant du navire 102.  The masking system 10 'comprises, in this case, the smoke turbine 1 already described, and a duct 1 1' with two branches 1 1 'a and 1 1' b having a common portion 1 1 'c connected at the outlet of the smoke turbine 1. In this example, the duct 1 1 'is located downstream of the smoke turbine 1. The fact that the ship 102 is short makes it possible to limit the number of installations to a single one, arranged at the forward end of the ship 102 so that the flow of smoke F3 exits the duct 11 also from the bow of the ship 102. .
[0032] Comme illustré par la vue supérieure de la figure 4a, les deux branches de conduit 1 1 'a et 1 1 'b débouchent sur chaque demi-coque latérale 103a et 103b de la coque 103. Les branches 1 1 'a et 1 1 'b sont symétriques par rapport à un plan vertical Pv de symétrie du navire 102 et, de par leur courbure, ont globalement une direction orientée (flèche F4) vers l'arrière AR du navire 102. De cette façon, le flux de fumée F3 est également orienté principalement vers l'arrière AR du navire 102.  As illustrated by the upper view of Figure 4a, the two duct branches 1 1 'a and 1 1' b open on each side half-shell 103a and 103b of the hull 103. The branches 1 1 'and 1 1 'b are symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane Pv of symmetry of the ship 102 and, by their curvature, have generally a direction oriented (arrow F4) towards the rear AR of the ship 102. In this way, the flow of F3 smoke is also oriented mainly towards the rear of the vessel 102.
[0033] En variante de la figure 4a, la vue latérale partielle de la figure 4b montre un conduit 1 1 " du type de la figure 4a mais connecté en amont de la turbine à fumée 1 . Dans ce cas, les branches symétriques 1 1 "a et 1 1 "b sont également orientés vers l'arrière AR du navire 102 pour que le flux de fumée F3 s'installe le long du navire, d'amont en aval. [0034] La figure 5 détaille les éléments de structure en zone d'extrémité 15 de la branche 1 1 'a du conduit 1 1 ' permettant d'améliorer la directivité et la qualité de masquage du flux de fumée en sortie des branches 1 1 'a et 1 1 'b. La vue partielle de la figure 5 est une vue agrandie de l'installation selon la figure 4a. Comme sur la figure 1 , le GPU 1 est connectée à une bague 7 équipée d'injecteurs de fluide 71 , elle-même connectée au conduit 1 1 '. As a variant of FIG. 4a, the partial lateral view of FIG. 4b shows a duct 1 1 "of the type of FIG. 4a but connected upstream of the smoke turbine 1. In this case, the symmetrical branches 1 1 "a and 1 1" b are also directed towards the rear AR of the ship 102 so that the flow of smoke F3 settles down the ship, from upstream to downstream. FIG. 5 details the structural elements in the end zone 15 of the branch 1 1 'a of the duct 1 1' making it possible to improve the directivity and the masking quality of the smoke flow at the outlet of the branches 1 1 'a and 1 1' b. The partial view of Figure 5 is an enlarged view of the installation according to Figure 4a. As in FIG. 1, the GPU 1 is connected to a ring 7 equipped with fluid injectors 71, itself connected to the duct 11 '.
[0035] La zone d'extrémité 15 de chaque branche 1 1 a et 1 1 b (seule l'extrémité de la branche 1 1 a est visible sur la figure 5) est équipée d'une grille orientable 17g à clapets 17c. Les clapets 17c de la grille 17g possèdent un ensemble d'axes de rotation 17A piloté à distance au niveau du centre de pilotage (non représenté). La grille 17g est plus précisément implantée dans cet exemple à l'extrémité de sortie 14 de la branche 1 1 'a. Le flux de fumée F3 est ainsi finement orienté dans le plan horizontal de la figure 5.  The end zone 15 of each leg 1 1a and 1 1b (only the end of the leg 1 1a is visible in Figure 5) is equipped with a 17g adjustable gate valve 17c. The valves 17c of the grid 17g have a set of axes of rotation 17A remotely controlled at the control center (not shown). The gate 17g is more precisely implanted in this example at the output end 14 of the branch 1 1 'a. The flow of smoke F3 is thus finely oriented in the horizontal plane of FIG.
[0036] De plus, des injecteurs d'eau 18 sont agencés dans ladite zone 15, en amont de la grille 17g. De l'eau, de l'eau de mer dans l'exemple, à basse température (10 à 20° C) sensiblement inférieure à la température du flux de fumée (supérieure à 40° C), est injectée ainsi viaces injecteurs 18. Cette injection permet de refroidir et de densifier le flux de fumée F3 pour l'alourdir et « l'accrocher » à l'étendue d'eau qui entoure le navire 102. Le flux de fumée F3 se détache ensuite de l'étendue d'eau et vient masquer l'ensemble du navire 102.  In addition, water injectors 18 are arranged in said zone 15, upstream of the grid 17g. Water, sea water in the example, at low temperature (10 to 20 ° C) substantially lower than the temperature of the smoke flow (greater than 40 ° C), is injected and viaces injectors 18. This injection makes it possible to cool and densify the flow of smoke F3 to weigh it down and "hang it" on the expanse of water surrounding the ship 102. The smoke flow F3 then detaches itself from the expanse of smoke. water and just hide the entire ship 102.
[0037] De plus, chaque branche 1 1 'a est avantageusement équipée, en extrémité de sortie 14, d'une buse 19 orientable dans le plan horizontal de la figure et dans un plan vertical perpendiculaire au plan horizontal. Pour ce faire, des moyens d'articulation deux axes 19A sont intégrés à la buse 19, à proximité de son extrémité 19e. Le flux de fumée est ainsi orienté pour pouvoir s'accrocher à l'étendue d'eau qui entoure le navire 102. De plus, la buse 19 s'emboîte de manière télescopique dans la branche de conduit 1 1 a. L'emboîtement est ajusté par des moyens de réglage à crémaillère 19c, également pilotés depuis le centre de pilotage. Il est ainsi possible de faire varier et adapter en longueur la branche 1 1 'a (et, de manière analogue, la banche 1 1 b).  In addition, each branch 1 1 'is advantageously equipped, at the output end 14, a nozzle 19 orientable in the horizontal plane of the figure and in a vertical plane perpendicular to the horizontal plane. To do this, two-axis articulation means 19A are integrated in the nozzle 19, near its end 19e. The flow of smoke is thus oriented to be able to cling to the expanse of water surrounding the ship 102. In addition, the nozzle 19 telescopically fits into the duct branch 11a. The nesting is adjusted by 19c rack adjustment means, also controlled from the control center. It is thus possible to vary and adapt in length the branch 1 1 'a (and, similarly, the section 1 1 b).
[0038] En référence aux figures 6a et 6b, des vues schématiques latérale et supérieure d'un tanker long 104 (par exemple de longueur supérieure à 300 m) équipé de quatre installations de masquage implantées en fond de cale avant 32 et de cale au milieu 33 du tanker 104. Deux installations 10"a sont implantées à proximité de la demi-coque latérale 105a de la coque 105 du navire 104 et deux installations 10"b sont implantées à proximité de la demi-coque 105b de la coque 105. A proximité de chaque demi-coque latérale 105a et 105b, les installations 10"a et 10"b sont agencées sensiblement au milieu Ml et vers l'avant AV du navire 105. Referring to Figures 6a and 6b, schematic side and top views of a long tanker 104 (for example longer than 300 m) equipped with four masking facilities located at the bottom of the bilge before 32 and shim in the middle 33 of the tanker 104. Two facilities 10 "a are located near the lateral half-shell 105a of the hull 105 of the ship 104 and two facilities 10 b are located close to the half-shell 105b of the hull 105. In the vicinity of each lateral half-shell 105a and 105b, the installations 10 "a and 10" b are arranged substantially in the middle M1 and forward AV of the ship 105.
[0039] Les installations 10"a et 10"b sont composées de turbines à fumée 1 , telles que celles décrites précédemment, connectées à des conduits 1 1 "a et 1 1 "b, correspondant respectivement à la branche 1 1 'a et à la branche 1 1 'b décrites ci-dessus en référence à la figure 4a ou à la figure 5. Les longueurs des conduits 1 1 "a et 1 1 "b sont déterminées pour qu'ils puissent sortir hors de la coque 105 du navire à travers des orifices 13 préformées.  The installations 10 "a and 10" b are composed of smoke turbines 1, such as those described above, connected to conduits 1 1 "a and 1 1" b, respectively corresponding to the branch 1 1 'a and to the branch 1 1 'b described above with reference to Figure 4a or Figure 5. The lengths of the ducts 1 1 "a and 1 1" b are determined so that they can out of the hull 105 of the ship through preformed orifices 13.
[0040] L'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples de réalisation décrits et représentés. Ainsi, il est possible d'ajouter des moyens de régularisation du flux de fumée : vannes, clapets, etc. Le fluide ajouté au gaz d'éjection pour servir de charge en suspension et former la fumée peut être tout liquide de nature organique ou aqueuse, adapté à la réalisation d'un tel effet suspensif.  The invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown. Thus, it is possible to add means for regulating the flow of smoke: valves, valves, etc. The fluid added to the ejection gas to serve as a charge in suspension and form the smoke can be any liquid of organic or aqueous nature, adapted to achieve such a suspensive effect.
[0041] De plus, dans le cas de navire de longueur moyenne, par exemple supérieure ou environ égale à 100 m, il est possible de limiter le nombre d'installations de masquage à deux implantés vers l'amont du bâtiment.  In addition, in the case of medium length ship, for example greater than or approximately equal to 100 m, it is possible to limit the number of masking facilities to two implanted upstream of the building.
[0042] Par ailleurs, d'autres moyens que des compresseurs de turbine à gaz peuvent être utilisés comme générateur de fumée, par exemple des ventilateurs de dimension et de débit adaptés.  Furthermore, other means than gas turbine compressors can be used as a smoke generator, for example fans of suitable size and flow rate.
[0043] En outre, il est avantageux d'utiliser les canalisations existantes des bâtiments navals pour servir de conduits d'évacuation de fumée selon l'invention, au moins en partie.  In addition, it is advantageous to use the existing pipelines of naval vessels to serve as smoke evacuation conduits according to the invention, at least in part.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Procédé de masquage d'un bâtiment naval (100, 102, 104) comportant au moins un pont (10P) et une coque (101 , 103, 105), caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à intégrer au bâtiment (100, 102, 104) au moins une turbine à gaz (1 ), cette intégration pouvant être réalisée sur le pont (10P) du bâtiment (100) et/ou dans le bâtiment (102, 104) en particulier sensiblement au niveau ou au- dessus de la ligne de flottaison (LF), à injecter un fluide (H1 ) en sortie (3s) de la turbine à gaz (1 ), et à guider (1 1 , 1 1 ', 1 1 "a, 1 1 "b) le flux de gaz ainsi chargé de fluide en suspension (F3), dit flux de fumée, vers au moins une sortie (14) formée dans la coque (101 , 103, 105) du bâtiment (100, 102, 104), de sorte à diriger ledit flux de fumée (F3). 1. Method for masking a naval vessel (100, 102, 104) comprising at least one bridge (10P) and a hull (101, 103, 105), characterized in that it consists of integrating into the building (100, 102, 104) at least one gas turbine (1), this integration can be carried out on the bridge (10P) of the building (100) and / or in the building (102, 104) in particular substantially at or above the water line (LF), to inject a fluid (H1) at the outlet (3s) of the gas turbine (1), and to guide (1 1, 1 1 ', 1 1 "a, 1 1" b) the flow of gas thus charged with suspended fluid (F3), said smoke flow, to at least one outlet (14) formed in the shell (101, 103, 105) of the building (100, 102, 104), so as to directing said smoke flow (F3).
2. Procédé de masquage selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel une injection d'additifs choisis parmi des additifs colorés, pulvérulents, odorants, fumigènes et/ou de la poudre de graphite est également effectuée en sortie (3s) du générateur de fumée (1 ).  2. A method of masking according to claim 1, wherein an injection of additives selected from color additives, pulverulent, odorous, fumigants and / or graphite powder is also performed at the output (3s) of the smoke generator (1). ).
3. Procédé de masquage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le guidage (1 1 , 1 1 ', 1 1 "a, 1 1 "b) du flux de fumée (F3) est configuré de sorte que la sortie du guidage (14) hors de la coque (101 , 103, 105) est réalisé, au niveau ou au-dessus de la ligne de flottaison (FL) du bâtiment naval (100, 102, 104).  3. A method of masking according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the guide (1 1, 1 1 ', 1 1 "a, 1 1" b) of the smoke flow (F3) is configured so that the output of the guidance (14) out of the hull (101, 103, 105) is provided at or above the naval ship's waterline (FL) (100, 102, 104).
4. Procédé de masquage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le guidage (1 1 , 1 1 ', 1 1 "a, 1 1 "b) est d'orientation adaptable, en sortie (14) de coque (101 , 103, 105) du bâtiment naval (100, 102, 104), par orientation dans un plan de référence parallèle à (aux) pont(s) (10P) du bâtiment (100, 102, 104) et/ou dans un plan perpendiculaire au plan de référence, afin d'orienter le flux de fumée (F3) au niveau de la ligne de flottaison (LF) en fonction du déplacement du bâtiment (100, 102, 104) et des conditions de navigation, de sorte que le flux de fumée (F3) en sortie soit dirigée entre le(s) pont(s) (10P) et la ligne de flottaison (LF).  4. A method of masking according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the guide (1 1, 1 1 ', 1 1 "a, 1 1" b) is of adaptable orientation, output (14) of hull (101 , 103, 105) of the naval vessel (100, 102, 104) by orientation in a reference plane parallel to the bridge (s) (10P) of the building (100, 102, 104) and / or in a plane perpendicular to the reference plane, to direct the flow of smoke (F3) at the level of the water line (LF) as a function of the displacement of the vessel (100, 102, 104) and the conditions of navigation, so that the smoke flow (F3) at the outlet is directed between the bridge (s) (10P) and the waterline (LF).
5. Procédé de masquage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le flux de fumée (F3) est refroidi et densifié par humidification (18) avant de sortir de la coque du bâtiment (101 , 103, 105) afin de provoquer une vaporisation en sortie (14) et de maintenir la fumée posée sur l'étendue d'eau qui entoure le bâtiment naval (100, 102, 104). Masking method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the smoke flow (F3) is cooled and densified by humidification (18) before exiting the hull of the building (101, 103, 105) to cause an output vaporization (14) and to maintain the smoke on the body of water surrounding the naval vessel (100, 102, 104).
6. Installation de masquage (10, 10' ;10"a, 10"b) d'un bâtiment naval (100, 102, 104) destinée à mettre en œuvre le procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, et comportant une turbine à gaz (1 ) se composant d'un générateur de gaz (2) et d'une tuyère d'éjection des gaz (3) en liaison avec un réservoir de carburant (41 ), caractérisée en ce que la tuyère d'éjection (3) est équipée d'au moins un injecteur de fluide (71 ) en liaison avec au moins un réservoir (42), pour injecter ce fluide, en particulier de l'huile, dans les gaz d'éjection (F2) de la turbine à gaz (1 ) et former un flux de gaz à fluide en suspension (F3), dit flux de fumée, et est couplée à au moins un conduit (1 1 , 1 1 ', 1 1 "a, 1 1 "b) ou branche de conduit de guidage (1 1 'a, 1 1 'b) du flux de fumée (F3).  6. Masking installation (10, 10 ', 10 "a, 10" b) of a naval vessel (100, 102, 104) intended to implement the method according to one of the preceding claims, and comprising a turbine gas generator (1) consisting of a gas generator (2) and a gas ejection nozzle (3) in connection with a fuel tank (41), characterized in that the exhaust nozzle ( 3) is equipped with at least one fluid injector (71) in connection with at least one reservoir (42), for injecting this fluid, in particular oil, into the exhaust gas (F2) of the turbine to gas (1) and form a flow of fluid gas in suspension (F3), said flow of smoke, and is coupled to at least one conduit (1 1, 1 1 ', 1 1 "a, 1 1" b) or guide pipe branch (1 1 'a, 1 1' b) of the smoke flow (F3).
7. Installation de masquage selon la revendication précédente, dans laquelle le ou chaque conduit ou branche (1 1 , 1 1 ', 1 1 "a, 1 1 "b; 1 1 'a, 1 1 'b) comporte au moins une portion divergente (12) en tronc de cône, en connexion avec la tuyère (3) afin de diminuer sensiblement la vitesse du flux de fumée (F3).  7. Masking installation according to the preceding claim, wherein the or each duct or branch (1 1, 1 1 ', 1 1 "a, 1 1" b; 1 1' a, 1 1 'b) comprises at least one divergent portion (12) truncated cone, in connection with the nozzle (3) to substantially reduce the speed of the smoke flow (F3).
8. Installation de masquage selon l'une des revendications 6 et 7, dans laquelle un injecteur de fluide externe (18) dans le flux de gaz (F3) est agencé dans une zone d'extrémité (15) du ou de chaque conduit ou branche (1 1 , 1 1 ', ; 1 1 "a, 1 1 "b; 1 1 'a, 1 1 'b), afin de refroidir et densifier le flux de fumée (F3), le fluide externe étant en particulier de l'eau de mer à température sensiblement inférieure à celle du flux de gaz (F3) au niveau de ladite zone (15).  8. Masking system according to one of claims 6 and 7, wherein an external fluid injector (18) in the gas stream (F3) is arranged in an end zone (15) of the or each duct or branch (1 1, 1 1 ',; 1 1 "a, 1 1" b; 1 1' a, 1 1 'b), to cool and densify the flow of smoke (F3), the external fluid being in particular seawater at a temperature substantially lower than that of the gas flow (F3) at said zone (15).
9. Installation de masquage selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, dans laquelle le ou chaque conduit ou branche (1 1 , 1 1 ', 1 1 "a, 1 1 "b; 1 1 'a, 1 1 'b) est équipé en extrémité (14) d'une buse (19) orientable dans au moins un plan afin de diriger le flux de fumée (F3) en sortie (14) du conduit ou de la branche (1 1 , 1 1 ', 1 1 "a, 1 1 "b; 1 1 'a, 1 1 'b) ou d'une grille (17g) orientable dans une zone d'extrémité de conduit (15), la grille (17g) étant apte à diriger le flux de fumée (F3) qui traverse le conduit ou branche (1 1 , 1 1 ', 1 1 "a, 1 1 "b; 1 1 'a, 1 1 'b).  9. Masking system according to one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the or each conduit or branch (1 1, 1 1 ', 1 1 "a, 1 1" b; 1 1' a, 1 1 'b ) is equipped at the end (14) with a nozzle (19) which can be oriented in at least one plane in order to direct the smoke flow (F3) at the outlet (14) of the duct or of the branch (1 1, 1 1 ', 1 1 "a, 1 1" b; 1 1 'a, 1 1' b) or a grid (17g) orientable in a conduit end zone (15), the grid (17g) being able to direct the flow of smoke (F3) which passes through the duct or branch (1 1, 1 1 ', 1 1 "a, 1 1" b; 1 1' a, 1 1 'b).
10. Bâtiment naval équipé d'au moins un pont, d'une coque et d'au moins une installation selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'installation (11) est disposée sur un pont (10P) ou en cale (31, 32, 33) du bâtiment (100), les longueurs des conduits et branches (11, 11', 11 "a, 11 "b; 11 'a, 11'b) étant alors déterminées pour déboucher hors de la coque du bâtiment (101, 103, 105) à travers des ouvertures préformées (13). Naval building equipped with at least one deck, one hull and at least one installation according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the installation (11) is arranged on a bridge (10P) or wedge (31, 32, 33) of the building (100), the lengths of the ducts and branches (11, 11 ', 11 "a, 11"b; 11 'a, 11'b) then being determined to open out of the shell of the building (101, 103, 105) through preformed openings (13).
PCT/FR2013/051714 2012-07-18 2013-07-17 Concealment method and apparatus and naval vessel provided with at least such an apparatus WO2014013192A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2878840A CA2878840C (en) 2012-07-18 2013-07-17 Concealment method and apparatus and naval vessel provided with at least such an apparatus
US14/414,758 US20150183499A1 (en) 2012-07-18 2013-07-17 Concealment method and apparatus and naval vessel provided with at least such an apparatus
EP13744762.9A EP2874870B1 (en) 2012-07-18 2013-07-17 Camouflaging method and apparatus, and naval vessel provided with at least such an apparatus
JP2015522154A JP6505598B2 (en) 2012-07-18 2013-07-17 Hiding method and device and ship provided with at least one such device
BR112015000852-6A BR112015000852B1 (en) 2012-07-18 2013-07-17 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HIDING A NAVAL VESSEL, AND, NAVAL VESSEL
RU2015102841A RU2616489C2 (en) 2012-07-18 2013-07-17 Method and unit for masking, and marine ship provided with at least one such facility
CN201380037518.6A CN104661913B (en) 2012-07-18 2013-07-17 Concealment method and device and the naval ship for being provided at least this device

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FR1256931 2012-07-18
FR1256931A FR2993532B1 (en) 2012-07-18 2012-07-18 METHOD AND INSTALLATION OF MASKING AND NAVAL BUILDING EQUIPPED WITH AT LEAST ONE SUCH INSTALLATION

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CN114607473B (en) * 2020-12-07 2024-06-25 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 Sealing structure of flue gas turbine and flue gas turbine

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CA2878840A1 (en) 2014-01-23
EP2874870A1 (en) 2015-05-27
CN104661913B (en) 2018-12-21
JP6505598B2 (en) 2019-04-24
FR2993532B1 (en) 2015-08-07
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