RU2481233C1 - Atomic submarine and marine-version gas turbine engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: set of invention relates to ship building and may be used in construction of warships. Proposed atomic submarine comprises strong hull embraced by light hull, cisterns arranged there between, solid deckhouse and rescue float chamber arranged inside strong hull under said deckhouse, stern with propeller screw with hub fitted on propeller shaft coupled with motor and, at least one nuclear reactor communicated via circulation pipelines with turbo generator connected via electric cables with storage batteries and motor. At least, one sealed streamlined nacelle is attached to strong hull and equipped with fast-release end plug to accommodate marine-version gas turbine engine. Said engine comprises screw with reduction gear and encased turbo compressor with combustion chamber, its outlet being communicated via gas duct with turbine, screw and motor with two shafts, one being coupled with compressor and another with reduction gear.

EFFECT: higher speed in attack from surface position, better controllability.

7 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to shipbuilding, mainly nuclear underwater. A nuclear submarine (NPS) contains a robust hull covering its light hull, tanks between these hulls and a rescue pop-up camera docked to the NPS with the possibility of separation from it. The durable case is made of separate capsules rigidly interconnected with their separation into capsules for crew accommodation and capsules with energy and other potentially dangerous installations and systems. The capsules are attached to a common power keel farm, and the rescue chamber is made in the form of a self-propelled and guided submarine, which houses the main control center of a nuclear submarine and which is used to rescue the entire crew in the event of a nuclear submarine accident. Capsules are interconnected by access hatches with hermetic closures and through a connecting block and a detachable gateway with a rescue chamber for the crew to enter it. Achieved increased safety and noiselessness of nuclear submarines, as well as increasing the ability to save the crew.

A nuclear submarine (NPS) is known, containing a solid hull, covering its light hull, tanks between these hulls and a rescue chamber docked to the NPS with the possibility of separation from it (see Pavlov A.S. Warships of Russia 1997-1998 Handbook, Yakutsk, Lithographer, 1997 - 151 pp. Pp. 17, 18, 23, 24; Bukalov VM, Narusbaev AA Design of nuclear submarines. L., Shipbuilding, 1968, pp. 72-83 )

The existing dismemberment of the habitat in a robust hull through the use of "durable" intersection bulkheads of a submarine is illusory, preserving the interconnection of compartments through numerous gas and liquid pipelines passing through the bulkheads, ventilation ducts, and cable routes (power, control, communications, etc.), which often leads to the inability to localize damage and fires on board, loss of control of compartments and the spread of damage to neighboring compartments. Such situations inevitably end in disasters, see S. Bukan. In the wake of underwater disasters. - M.: Guild of Masters "Rus" - 1992.

The technical means of control, communication, life support, fire fighting and power supply have shown their failure due to poor engineering protection and the lack of a reliable local (cut-off) reserve of these funds, the rational organization of the organization in dealing with accidents, and the dangerous direct contact of energy-intensive equipment with the crew.

These results (ensuring crew safety) are achieved by the fact that in a nuclear submarine containing a robust hull, covering its light hull, tanks between these hulls and a rescue chamber docked to the nuclear submarine, the robust hull is made of separate rigidly interconnected capsules with dividing them into capsules for crew accommodation and capsules with energy and other potentially dangerous installations and systems, the capsules being attached to a common power keel farm, and the rescue chamber made in the form of a self-propelled and guided submarine, in which the main control center of the nuclear submarine is located and which is used to save the entire crew in the event of an atomic submarine accident, while the capsules are interconnected by passage hatches with hermetic closures and through the connecting block and detachable gateway for passage to the rescue chamber.

In addition, reactors are installed on a nuclear submarine having branches of the first circuit to thermoelectric generators with natural coolant circulation.

In addition, each capsule is equipped with autonomous fire extinguishing and survivability systems, and habitable capsules also have autonomous life support and communication systems.

In addition to improving the safety of the crew in capsules distanced from capsules with energy and other hazardous installations and systems, a significant functional effect of the proposed nuclear submarine (NPS) is provided by the use of additional thermoelectric generators (TEGs) working with standard reactors of a nuclear power plant (NPP) NPS ( see the description of patent RU 2151083 C1). This allows you to abandon emergency diesel generators and reduce the capacity of the battery (backup). The power of the TEG is approximately two orders of magnitude lower than that of a standard turbo-generator, and is selected from the conditions for ensuring silent submarine navigation at low speeds (3-7 knots) in an underwater flight with simultaneous economical supply of electricity to the main onboard control systems, life support, survivability and communication of the nuclear submarine, in including during repairs and / or accidents on board without limitation on the time spent in the underwater position.

The reality of the proposal is confirmed by the currently achieved reliability indicators and the capabilities of remote control of complex technical systems from a remote center with the transfer of active safety, self-regulation and automatic duplication functions to local maintenance-free computer devices that have been successfully used for a long time, for example, in terrestrial nuclear power and manned vehicles space flights, aviation (see, for example, the Minatom Industry Seminar "Modern methods and means of diagnosis Nuclear Power Plant Ostomy Obninsk, 2001, 98 pp., as well as experience in creating and operating an automated nuclear submarine of project 705 developed by SKB-142, see Ilyin V.E. Submarines of Russia. - M .: Astral, 2002 - 287 pp., pg. 62-71).

The proposed encapsulation and remote control of self-regulating submarine installations from the main control center (GPU), located in the rescue chamber, can drastically reduce the number of submarine crew, leaving specialists with only control over the main service posts. With a three-shift shift, 15 people are obtained on board.

A number of auxiliary functions, such as nutrition, cleaning, medicine, leisure activities, etc., will be provided by a shift shift. The reality of this expansion of functions is confirmed by the practice of long (more than 1 year!) Space manned flights. With a set of experience in swimming in such conditions, we can expect further integration of the functions of crew members and a decrease in their numbers.

Known American nuclear submarine Triton (SSRN-586), having a stern tip (KO), containing a sturdy hull, propeller shafts with propellers, as well as the main thrust bearings and deadwoods in the stern compartment (Bykhovsky I.A. Nuclear ships. - Leningrad, 1961, p. 121-128, 144, tab. 13/3 row above).

The disadvantage of this submarine is that its KO is not adapted to accommodate additional equipment for monitoring and protecting the aft hemisphere, both because of the lack of the necessary space for placement and the inability to provide conditions for the operation of detection equipment.

Also known is the Russian diesel submarine of project 877 (Class "Kilo" - "Varshavyanka") (see the Handbook "Warships of the USSR and Russia", Yakutsk, ed. 1995, p. 44), which has a KO with a stern compartment, through which the shaft line passes through, and the propeller is located aft in relation to the aft steering wheels - a prototype.

The disadvantage of the KO of this submarine is its structural inability to place additional acoustic and non-acoustic means of monitoring the most vulnerable aft hemisphere of space behind the submarine, underwater radio communication systems with the produced antenna, and means of active and passive protection from enemy telecommand and homing weapons.

The technical essence of the present invention is the protection of the aft end of the submarine as its most vulnerable part.

This is achieved by the fact that in KO, containing a strong and lightweight hull, propeller and shaft, a propeller motor, main thrust and thrust bearings, deadwood and stern rudders with drives, the propeller is movably mounted on a sturdy hull, for example, in the area of the aft compartment, and has a hub of large diameter that coincides along the contour with the generatrix of the light submarine housing at the installation site of the hot water. At the same time, to accommodate the GV, the lightweight submarine housing has a gap, and the screw stop is transferred to the housing structures of the durable housing directly from the GV through ring surfaces on the screw hub and the sturdy housing (located in the frame plane) provided with an antifriction coating, and lubrication and cooling of the rubbing surfaces is provided self-flow of the surrounding sea water.

The number of blades of this hot water in connection with a sharp increase in the diameter of the hub increases several times in comparison with the hot water of a traditional design, and their height is reduced based on the creation of the required stop of the hot water at a significantly reduced rotational speed to ultra-low revolutions.

The drive of the hot water is carried out, for example, by several radially mounted electric motors, on the output shaft of each of which there are gears that engage with a large diameter gear wheel, which is part of the design of the hot water supply hub.

The following is an overview of the schemes of the most modern gas turbine engines and an analysis is made of their adaptation to marine conditions.

A known power plant according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2189477, which contains a gas turbine engine - gas turbine engine, a gas path connecting this gas turbine engine with a free turbine, and a load in the form of an electric generator, the shaft of which is connected to the shaft of the free turbine through a coupling.

The disadvantage of this power plant is that it has a low efficiency of about 20%, which is almost 2 times less than that of modern diesel plants.

The disadvantages of this engine is the low efficiency of the power plant.

A gas turbine engine is known according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 22252316, which contains a turbocompressor consisting of a compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine, and at least two electric machines (electric generator and electric motor) built into the turbocompressor. The system of permanent magnets is installed on the inner surface of the rotor of the turbocompressor, and the stator of the electric machine is installed on the housing of the bearing support, i.e. on a small diameter.

The disadvantage is the low power of the generator and electric motor due to their location on a small diameter

Known gas turbine engine according to British patent No. 1341241, a turbocompressor consisting of a compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine, and at least two electric machines (electric generator and electric motor) built into the turbocompressor. The system of permanent magnets is installed on the inner surface of the rotor of the turbocompressor, and the stator of the electric machine is installed on the housing of the bearing support, i.e. on a small diameter.

The disadvantages of this engine: the very small power of electric machines, due to the fact that they are placed on a small diameter and have one step. In addition, there are problems with cooling the stator windings located inside the engine in the high temperature zone, which reaches 1,500 ° C for modern gas turbine engines. A large electric current additionally heats the windings of the electric generator and electric motor and makes the problem of their cooling practically insoluble when the windings are located in the high temperature zone. This design is applicable for using an electric machine as a starter or as an auxiliary electric generator for powering gas turbine engine and airplane units. In addition, the gas turbine engine has a low efficiency (profitability) and to start it requires a large starter power due to the inertia of its rotors.

The objective of the invention is to increase the speed of submarines in attack mode in the water position, ensuring the reliability of launching torpedoes and missiles while ensuring the invulnerability of nuclear submarines.

The solution of these problems has been achieved in an atomic submarine containing a robust hull, covering its light hull, tanks between these hulls, a robust wheelhouse and a rescue pop-up camera installed inside the robust hull under a robust pilothouse, aft tip with a propeller, with a hub mounted on a propeller a shaft connected to an electric motor, and at least one nuclear reactor connected by pipelines of the circulation circuit to a turbogenerator, which is connected to the batteries by an electric cable and with an electric motor, according to the invention, at least one hermetically sealed streamlined nacelle with a quick-release end cap and a marine gas turbine engine is attached to a sturdy case. A fuel tank can be installed inside the sturdy case, connected by a pipeline to each gas turbine engine. Thermoelectric generators connected by pipelines of the circulation circuit to a nuclear reactor can be installed inside a robust housing. A hydrogen and oxygen catalyst can be installed inside the rugged case, connected by a cable to the batteries.

The solution of these problems was achieved in a marine-type propeller-driven gas turbine engine containing a screw with a gearbox and a turbocharger with a housing, a compressor, a combustion chamber, the outlet of which is connected by a gas path to the turbine, and a screw, characterized in that it contains an electric motor with two output shafts, one of which is connected to the compressor, and the other to the gearbox. A magnetic coupling can be installed on the turbocharger case, which contains a leading coupling half mounted in the compressor, for example, on its working blades, and a driven coupling half mounted inside the hub of the additional compressor, which is mounted on the turbocharger case. The compressor can be made in two stages, with the possibility of rotation of the cascades in opposite directions, the additional compressor is made in two stages and includes front and rear stages, made with the possibility of rotation in opposite directions. The stages of the additional compressor can be placed inside the fairing.

The invention is illustrated in figure 1 ... 12, where:

- figure 1 shows a diagram of a nuclear submarine,

- figure 2 shows a top view,

- figure 3 shows a second embodiment of a fuel supply system for a nuclear submarine,

- figure 4 shows a diagram of the electrical equipment for the first embodiment,

- figure 5 shows the electrical circuit for the second option,

- figure 6 shows a section aa of the aft part of the nuclear submarine,

- figure 7 shows a diagram of the aft submarine,

- Fig.8 shows a diagram of a gas turbine engine of marine design,

- figure 9 shows a diagram of a dual-circuit gas turbine engine of marine design,

- figure 10 shows a diagram of a gas turbine engine of marine design with a propeller,

- figure 11 shows a diagram of a gas turbine engine of marine design with a propeller and an additional fan,

- figure 12 shows the design of a twin-shaft marine gas turbine engine.

The nuclear submarine submarine (Fig. 1 ... 12) contains a solid hull 1, covering its light hull 2, tanks 3 between these hulls 1 and 2, a robust wheelhouse 4 and a rescue pop-up camera 5, mounted inside a robust hull 1 under a robust wheelhouse 4, the aft end 6 with a propeller 7 with a hub 8 mounted on a propeller shaft 9 connected to an electric motor 10, and at least one nuclear reactor 11 connected by pipelines of the circulation circuit 12 to a turbogenerator 13, which is connected by an electric cable 14 to the batteries 15 to torye electric cable 16 connected to the motor 10. In this case, a robust housing 1 streamlined strut 17 is attached at least one sealed streamlined nacelle 18 with bystrosbrasyvamoy plug end face 19 and a liquid-propellant rocket engine sea execution 20 (CCD). Inside the sturdy case 1, oxidizer tanks 21 and fuel 22 can be installed, connected by pipelines of the oxidizer 23 and fuel 24 to each liquid-propellant rocket engine of marine design 20. Inside the sturdy case 1, thermoelectric generators 25 can be installed, connected by piping of the circulation circuit 26 to the nuclear reactor 11 .

An embodiment of the nuclear submarine is possible, in which a hydrogen and oxygen catalyst 27 is mounted inside the solid housing 1, connected by a cable 28 to the batteries 15. The hydrogen and oxygen catalyst 27 is connected by pipelines 29 and 30 to the gas turbine engine 20.

The nuclear submarine contains decks 31, bulkheads 32, dividing the internal cavity of the durable housing 1 into compartments 33. Torpedoes 34 are installed in one or two compartments 33. A power belt 35 is mounted on the lightweight housing 2 for mounting the roll nozzles.

The submarine may have containers 37 mounted on pylons 36 with a quick-release plug 38 and a quick-release fairing 39, for example, using pyro-bolts. Inside the container 37 mounted rockets 40.

The marine gas turbine engine 20 (Fig. 8) contains a turbocharger 41, which in turn contains a compressor 42, a combustion chamber 43, a turbine 44 and an exhaust device 45. The compressor 42 has a rotor 46 and a stator 47. The turbine 44 also has a rotor 48 and a stator 49 The rotor 46 of the compressor 42 and the rotor 48 of the turbine 44 are connected by means of a shaft 50 of the turbocompressor 41 (FIGS. 1 and 2).

The marine gas turbine engine 20 (Fig. 8) contains a fuel supply system with a low pressure fuel line 51 connected to the inlet of the fuel pump 52 having an actuator 53, a high pressure fuel line 54, the input of which is connected to the fuel pump 52, and the output is connected to the annular manifold 55, the annular collector 55 is connected to the nozzles 56 of the combustion chamber 43.

The marine gas turbine engine 20 has a housing 57 of the turbocharger 41. The compressor 42 includes bearings 58 and 59. The rotor 46 of the compressor 42 contains the rotor blades 60.

The turbine 44 includes a front support 61 and a rear support 62, and its rotor 49 contains working blades 63, and the stator 49 contains nozzle devices 64 (the number of turbine stages can be from one to several). Next is the exit fairing 65.

An electric motor 66 is installed in front of the turbocharger 41, the output shaft of which 67 is connected to the shaft 50 of the turbocharger 41 (Fig. 1). The electric motor 66 has a very large power and provides up to 70 ... 90% of the power needed to drive the rotor 46 of the compressor 42. The electric motor 66 for cooling has ribs 68 made along its body, for supplying electric power, the electric motor 66 is connected to the batteries 15 via a switch 70 through batteries 70 Nuclear submarine.

To control the submarine in roll, blocks 71 of nozzles of roll 72 with drive 73 were used. Blocks of nozzles of roll 72 are connected by a pipe 74 to a collector 75 installed at the outlet of compressor 42.

A variant of the performance of a gas-turbine engine with a double-circuit (Fig. 9) with the first and second circuits is possible. In this case, a fan 76 is installed in front of the turbocharger 41, containing a rotor 77 with rotor blades 78 and a stator 79. The electric motor 66 in this case is made with two shafts 67 and 80. The turbine engine 20 can be equipped with a gearbox 81 with an input shaft 82 and an output shaft 83. The input shaft 82 of the gearbox 81 is connected to the output shaft 80 of the motor 66, and the output shaft 83 is connected to the rotor 77 of the fan 76. The fan 76 is equipped with a cowl 84.

In the proposed gas turbine engine 20, the electric motor 66 can provide up to 70 ... 90% of the energy necessary for its operation. In some cases, for example, when fuel is exhausted or the fuel system breaks down, this gas turbine engine can run completely without fuel. This will ensure the performance of a combat mission in any conditions. One or several gas turbine engines can be installed on a nuclear submarine. The submarine may have wings 85 (FIG. 2) to ensure the flight of the submarine at subsonic speeds at very low altitudes: from 10 to 30 m above sea level, which makes the submarine invisible to the radar. This will increase the submarine's invulnerability in the attack mode from the surface and facilitate the launch of torpedoes and missiles.

A possible embodiment of a gas turbine engine 20 (Fig. 10) with a propeller 86, the hub of which 87 is connected to the output shaft 83 of the gearbox 81.

An embodiment of a gas turbine engine 20 with an additional compressor 88 is possible (Fig. 11). The additional compressor 88 has a rotor 89 and the stator 90. The rotor 89 has a hub 91. A feature of this GTE variant is that the rotor 89 of the additional compressor 88 is connected to the compressor rotor 46 by means of a magnetic coupling 92 having a driving coupling half 93 with driving magnets 94 and a driven coupling half 95 with driven magnets 96. Structurally, the driven coupling half is aligned with the hub 91. It is possible to use an engine circuit with two stages of an additional compressor 97 and 98 (Fig. 12), which can be rotated in opposite directions. In this embodiment of the engine, the compressor 42 is made in two stages, i.e. contains the rotor of the low-pressure compressor 99 and the rotor of the high-pressure compressor 100, respectively, with the inner shaft 101 and the outer shaft 102, not kinematically connected to each other. The shafts 101 and 102 are designed so that during operation they always rotate in opposite directions. This is achieved due to the different angles of installation of the guides and rotor blades in both stages of the compressor. Opposite rotation reduces the reactive moment acting on the nuclear submarine and the gyroscopic effect, which creates radial loads on the engine bearings. Additional compressors 97 and 98 can be installed inside the fairing 103. This will eliminate the radial flow of air and increase engine efficiency. In addition, the fairing reduces engine noise.

To control all nuclear submarine systems, it is equipped with an on-board computer 104, which is connected by electrical connections 105 to all racks and regulators, including drive 53, drive 73, switch 70, etc.

The submarine of the first embodiment works as follows (Fig. 1. And 2). The nuclear reactor 13 is started and the coolant is circulated through the circulation pipes 12 to the turbogenerator 13. The turbogenerator 13 generates an electric current, which is supplied via the electric cable 14 to the battery 15, from which the electric cable 16 is supplied to the electric motor 10. The electric motor 10 through the propeller shaft 9 drives rotation of the hub 8 with propellers 7. The submarine moves in an underwater position. At the same time, part of the coolant through circulation pipelines 26 enters thermoelectric generators 25, which additionally generate electric energy, for example, in the “flight” mode of a nuclear submarine or in case of a failure of a turbogenerator 13.

To significantly accelerate the movement of the submarine in attack mode, it is transferred to the surface position. Then start the marine gas turbine engine 20. The marine gas turbine engine 20 is started as follows.

When the marine gas turbine engine 20 is operated, it is started by supplying electricity to the electric motor 66 from the batteries 15. Then, the fuel pump 52 is turned on and the fuel pump 52 supplies fuel to the combustion chamber 43, more precisely, to the nozzles 56, where it is ignited using an electric igniter ( figure 1 ... 12 electric igniter is not shown). The rotor 48 of the turbine 44 spins and spins the rotor 46 of the compressor 42.

When the propeller-driven aircraft gas turbine engine stops, all operations are carried out in the reverse order.

The submarine attacks targets in the surface position in the movement of the submarine in flight mode, at a speed of M = 0.5 ... 1.0, which makes it invulnerable and allows the launch of torpedoes 34 and rockets 40 from the surface. Given that torpedoes 34 already have an initial velocity of M = 0.5 ... 1.0, it is impossible to avoid a torpedo attack. Missiles 40 can be used not only for solving operational-tactical tasks, but also for solving strategic tasks, that is, firing from neutral waters at a distance of 3000 ... 5000 km. In this case, the nuclear submarine remains invulnerable and if its location is detected, then due to the high speed of the nuclear submarine in the surface position and the short period of time in the surface position from 10 to 60 seconds, it cannot be hit. After the release of torpedoes 34 and 20 missiles, the nuclear submarines are submerged. Repeated attack is possible.

The application of the invention allowed:

1. To ensure a short-term significant increase in the speed of the nuclear submarine in the above-water position and even its flight at a speed of M = 0.5..1.0 in the attack mode to launch torpedoes and missiles in the above-water position to ensure reliable launch and accuracy when the submarine is invulnerable for enemy defenses.

2. To ensure reliable thrust vector control of the liquid propellant rocket engine and roll angle control of the nuclear submarine (according to rocket terminology) through the use of two roll nozzle blocks containing two opposite mounted roll nozzles, and their rational mounting on the engine on the annular manifold and the use of four inclined rods providing transmission of torque to the engine nozzle and further to the power frame with a minimum weight of structural elements transmitting the torque.

3. Significantly increase the reliability of the rocket control system by roll through the use of two three-way valves: gas and fuel and a common drive for them. This design prevents the inclusion of one of the nozzles of the roll, for example, due to a failure of the start-off fuel valve.

Claims (7)

1. A nuclear submarine containing a strong hull, covering its light hull, tanks between these hulls, a solid pilothouse and a rescue pop-up camera mounted inside the solid hull under a solid pilothouse, aft tip with a propeller, with a hub mounted on a propeller shaft connected with an electric motor and at least one nuclear reactor connected by pipelines of the circulation circuit to a turbogenerator, which is connected by electrical cable to the batteries and to the electric motor, characterized in that at least one sealed streamlined nacelle with a quick-release end cap and a marine gas turbine engine is attached to the sturdy case. 2. The nuclear submarine according to claim 1, characterized in that a fuel tank is installed inside the sturdy hull, connected by a pipeline to each gas turbine engine. 3. The nuclear submarine according to claim 1, characterized in that thermoelectric generators are installed inside the solid hull, connected by pipelines of the circulation circuit to a nuclear reactor. 4. The nuclear submarine according to claim 1, characterized in that a hydrogen and oxygen catalyst is mounted inside the sturdy hull, connected by a cable to the batteries. 5. A marine gas turbine engine comprising a turbocharger with a housing, a compressor having a rotor, a combustion chamber, the output of which is connected by a gas path to a turbine also having a rotor, characterized in that it contains an electric motor with two output shafts, one of which is connected to compressor, and the other with a gearbox. 6. The marine gas turbine engine according to claim 5, characterized in that the compressor is made in two stages, with the possibility of rotation of the cascades in opposite directions, the additional compressor is made in two stages and includes front and rear stages, made to rotate in opposite directions. 7. Marine gas turbine engine according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the stages of the additional compressor are located inside the fairing.

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