RU2222459C1 - Nuclear submarine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding; nuclear submarines. SUBSTANCE: proposed nuclear submarine has pressure hull, outer hull embracing, tanks located between these hulls and escape floating chamber coupled detachably to submarine. Pressure hull is assembled from separate rigidly interconnected capsules for crew and for power plants and systems. Capsules are secured to common load-bearing keel truss and escape chamber is made in form of self-propelled controllable submarine where main command post of submarine is located; escape chamber is used for rescue of submarine crew . Capsules are communicated through connecting hatches provided with hermetic closures, as well as through connecting unit and detachable lock. EFFECT: enhanced safety and quietness of submarine; increased possibility of rescue of crew. 3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to shipbuilding, mainly nuclear underwater. A nuclear submarine (NPS) is known, containing a strong hull, covering its light hull, tanks between these hulls and a rescue chamber docked to the nuclear submarine with the possibility of separation from it (see Pavlov A.S. Warships of Russia 1997-1998 . Handbook. Yakutsk, Lithographer, 1997 - 151 pp. Pp. 17, 18, 23, 24; Bukalov VM, Narusbaev AA Design of nuclear submarines. L., Shipbuilding, 1968, pp. 72-83 )

 The existing dismemberment of the habitat in a robust hull through the use of "durable" intersection bulkheads of a submarine is illusory, preserving the interconnection of compartments through numerous gas and liquid pipelines passing through the bulkheads, ventilation ducts, and cable routes (power, control, communications, etc.), which often leads to the inability to localize damage and fires on board, loss of control of compartments and the spread of damage to neighboring compartments. Such situations inevitably end in disasters, see S. Bukan. In the wake of underwater disasters. M .: Guild of Masters "Rus" - 1992.

 The technical means of control, communications, life support, fire fighting and power supply have shown their failure due to poor engineering protection and the lack of a reliable local (cut-off) reserve of these funds, the rational organization of the organization in dealing with accidents, and the dangerous direct contact of energy-intensive equipment with the crew.

The technical results of the invention are:
1) increasing the effectiveness of crew protection in the event of a possible accident of weapons and technical equipment on board, as a type of engineering security and architectural design of a nuclear submarine of predominantly medium displacement;
2) increasing the safety and noiselessness of nuclear submarines by removing the time limit for repairs in the underwater position in case of failure of the non-reactor nuclear power plant elements;
3) increasing the optimality of decision-making by the main control point for safety and functional use of nuclear submarines and reducing the number of crew;
4) increasing the reliability and efficiency of life support systems, fire fighting, survivability and communications in the event of accidental damage to nuclear submarines, increasing the comfort of the crew’s living environment and, thereby, increasing the duration of nuclear submarine flights;
5) increased ability to save the crew, crew changes and replenishment of consumable nuclear submarines directly on the flight without surfacing to the surface are provided.

 These results are achieved in that in an atomic submarine containing a strong hull, covering its light hull, tanks between these hulls and a rescue chamber docked to the nuclear submarine, the strong hull is made of separate rigidly interconnected capsules with their separation into capsules for crew and capsule habitats with energy and other potentially dangerous installations and systems, the capsules being attached to a common power keel farm, and the rescue chamber is made in the form of self-propelled and control yaemoy submarine, which houses the main control room nuclear submarine and which is used to save the whole vehicle when an accident nuclear submarine, wherein the capsules are interconnected transition hatches with airtight closures and through the connection block and split gate for passage into an escape chamber.

 In addition, reactors are installed on a nuclear submarine having branches of the first circuit to thermoelectric generators with natural coolant circulation.

 In addition, each capsule is equipped with autonomous fire extinguishing and survivability systems, and habitable capsules also have autonomous life support and communication systems.

 In addition to improving the safety of the crew in capsules spaced from the capsules with energy and other hazardous installations and systems, a significant functional effect of the proposed nuclear submarine (NPS) is provided by the use of additional thermoelectric generators (TEG) working with standard reactors of a nuclear power plant (NPP) nuclear submarines . description of patent RU 2151083 C1). This allows you to abandon emergency diesel generators and reduce the capacity of the battery (backup). The power of the TEG is approximately two orders of magnitude lower than that of a standard turbo-generator, and is selected from the conditions for ensuring silent submarine navigation at low speeds (3-7 knots) in an underwater flight with simultaneous economical supply of electricity to the main onboard control systems, life support, survivability and communication of the nuclear submarine, in including during repairs and / or accidents on board without limitation on the time spent in the underwater position.

 The reality of the proposal is confirmed by the currently achieved reliability indicators and remote control capabilities of complex technical systems from a remote center with the transfer of active safety functions, self-regulation and automatic duplication to local maintenance-free computer devices that have been successfully used for a long time, for example, in terrestrial nuclear power and in manned space technology flights, aviation (see, for example, the Minatom Industry Seminar "Modern methods and means of diagnosis Nuclear Power Plant Ostomy Obninsk, 2001, 98 pp., as well as experience in creating and operating an automated nuclear submarine of project 705 developed by SKB-142, see Ilyin V.E. Submarines of Russia. M: Astral, 2002 - 287 pp. . 62-71).

 The proposed encapsulation and remote control of self-regulating submarine installations from the main control center (GPU) located in the rescue chamber can dramatically reduce the number of submarine crew, leaving only control over the main service posts for specialists. With a three-shift shift, 15 people are obtained on board.

 A number of auxiliary functions, such as food, room cleaning, medicine, leisure activities, etc., will be provided by a shift shift. The reality of this expansion of functions is confirmed by the practice of long (more than 1 year!) Space manned flights. With a set of experience in swimming in such conditions, we can expect further integration of the functions of crew members and a decrease in their numbers.

The drawing schematically depicts a nuclear submarine. The main structural element of the nuclear submarines, ensuring its safe location at the maximum depth, is a block of sealed capsules that form a single enclosed space that is impervious to water. Capsules have the purpose (see drawing): cargo capsules (2, 5, 15), two capsules (9, 10) on the sides with nuclear power plants, two capsules (13, 14) on the sides with main propeller motors, two capsules ( 11, 12) along the sides with thermoelectric generators, a capsule (6) with a storage battery (backup), several capsules (3) with auxiliary ship installations (3), a rescue chamber with a nuclear submarine hull (19) and a cockpit (20), capsules for housing and household (18 and 21), the fence of the emergency control center (ZPU) in the rear of the capsule (18), the tunnel through the mind of a smaller diameter (7), which has strong manholes and locks (4) at the ends for access to (18) and (21), equipped with quick-locking devices, and in the center - a detachable lock (4a) for access to the rescue chamber - GPU (19) ) In parallel with the tunnel (7) there is a similar tunnel (8) - a fitness room with a running track. All hatches are made equally strong with capsule bodies, that is, there are no traditional intersection bulkheads on the proposed submarine. Hatches and cable gland penetrations through robust housings have seals that can withstand temperatures of up to 300 ^o C for at least an hour.

 The capsule (18) with ZPU is supplied with a separate wheelhouse (17) with its own system of retractable devices standard for nuclear submarines - (periscope, radio antennas, radar antennas, device for the air compressor to work “under water”). The residential capsule (21) is equipped with a lock and a hatch for emergency exit of the crew.

 The basis of the power scheme of the design of the nuclear submarine is the lower power line, which is extended along the entire submarine, to the keel farm (1), to which all sealed capsules are attached to the bottom. The keel truss is designed to provide longitudinal strength, to protect the hull from damage when laying the submarine on the ground and setting up the dock cage. The reality of creating such a farm for nuclear submarines is confirmed by the invention according to patent RU 2115583 C1.

 Outside, the capsule block (2-15, 18, 21) is closed by a light body (LC) (22). Aircraft launchers and stowage systems of the proposed nuclear submarines should be designed mainly according to existing standards and traditions. New requirements - in the double-hull space along the entire submarine hull, numerous electrical cables and pipelines that were previously located inside the solid hull of traditional submarine schemes should be placed and protected from damage and from the external environment. If, in order to ensure the longitudinal stiffness of the capsule block in the horizontal plane, it will be deemed necessary to have on-board longitudinal trusses, for example, somewhere at the waterline level, forming a unified force structure together with the keel truss (1), then the listed tracks can be placed in box-shaped elements of these farms.

 It is possible to carry out minor repairs at sea and on the basis of these, for which these capsules are equipped with hatches and locks (4) with the formation of single chains in the bow and in the stern with the initial entrance to them from the connecting block (7).

 Presented on the drawing, the option of placing maintenance-free installations and systems in insulated capsules is indicative. Optimization of their placement, taking into account the stability of the nuclear submarines, the interconnection and mutual influence of the installations is the subject of specific design of nuclear submarines. The main essence of the proposed separation of capsule functions is the creation of a safe and comfortable for life and service environment for the crew of the nuclear submarine, i.e. (capsules 7, 8, 18, 21) should not have energy-intensive potentially dangerous installations and systems.

 In order to increase the reliability of the crew’s oxygen supply systems, air purification, maintenance of temperature and humidity conditions and lighting in habitable capsules, life support systems, fire extinguishing and communication systems should be autonomous for each of these capsules. They should be housed in sturdy containers on the housing of each habitable capsule. In the presence of a TEG and a backup battery, the need for a diesel installation disappears.

 On the flight, the nuclear submarine can make the necessary moves at low speed in the mode of operation of the nuclear power plant through the TEG, which ensures its noiselessness. If a nuclear submarine’s flight is carried out under ice fields, then the use of the nuclear power plant + TEG loop, in addition to the one noted, provides an almost unlimited residence time and movement of the nuclear submarines at low speeds while maintaining survivability, even with complete failure of the steam turbine and standard power plants in capsules (9, 10 ), including the battery (6) of the nuclear submarine. This certainly increases the efficiency and survivability of nuclear submarines.

 In the normal situation of a nuclear submarine flight, a shift is carried out in shifts.

 According to an emergency alarm, all persons moved through the connecting block (7) and the detachable gateway (4a) pass into the rescue chamber (19) and occupy posts according to the corresponding schedule. Unlike existing “pop-up rescue chambers” existing on a number of nuclear submarines with an overpass to them actually difficult for the crew, the rescue chamber (19) with GPU on this proposal is a fully autonomous small submarine with the ability to enter the entire crew in the first minutes of any emergency situations on board the submarine and the subsequent remote control of the fight against the accident. The rescue chamber (19) should preferably have a small nuclear power plant (with its own small TEG), also located in their capsules in the composition (19). The prototype for such a rescue chamber (19) can be, for example, really existing deep-sea atomic stations of the 1st rank of projects 1851 (preferred) or 1910 and 10831 (see Pavlov A.S. Warships of Russia 1997-1998 Handbook. Yakutsk , Lithographer, 1997 - 151 pp. P. 29).

 In the event of a severe nuclear submarine accident and the inability to fight for its unsinkability, the crew undockes the rescue chamber (19) - a small submarine from the main submarine, sends a command to automatically perform a series of operations to flood the submarine and the rescue chamber - a small submarine (19) begins autonomous navigation to the base.

 Another scenario: if, as a result of a sudden emergency, a rescue chamber - a small nuclear submarine with a GPU (19) fails, then the crew gathers in a switchboard (18), if necessary, undocks and floods (19) and continues to carry out the flight, using aft cutting (17).

Claims (3)

1. Nuclear submarine containing a strong hull, covering its light hull, tanks between these hulls and a rescue pop-up camera docked to the nuclear submarine, characterized in that the durable hull is made of separate rigidly interconnected capsules with their separation into capsules for crew and capsule habitats with energy and other potentially dangerous installations and systems, the capsules being attached to a common power keel farm, and the rescue chamber is made in the form of self-propelled and controlled a removable submarine, in which the main control center of the nuclear submarine is located and which is used to save the entire crew in the event of an atomic submarine accident, while the capsules are interconnected by passage hatches with tight closures and through the connecting block and the detachable gateway with a rescue chamber for passage into her crew. 2. The nuclear submarine according to claim 1, characterized in that reactors are installed on the nuclear submarine having branches of the first circuit to thermoelectric generators with natural coolant circulation. 3. The atomic submarine according to claim 1, characterized in that each capsule is equipped with autonomous fire extinguishing and survivability systems, and inhabited capsules also have autonomous life support and communication systems.