WO2014010373A1 - Electrical contact structure and electric motor - Google Patents
Electrical contact structure and electric motor Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014010373A1 WO2014010373A1 PCT/JP2013/066575 JP2013066575W WO2014010373A1 WO 2014010373 A1 WO2014010373 A1 WO 2014010373A1 JP 2013066575 W JP2013066575 W JP 2013066575W WO 2014010373 A1 WO2014010373 A1 WO 2014010373A1
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- contact structure
- electrical contact
- contact member
- commutator
- base material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
- H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
- H01R39/18—Contacts for co-operation with commutator or slip-ring, e.g. contact brush
- H01R39/24—Laminated contacts; Wire contacts, e.g. metallic brush, carbon fibres
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrical contact structure and an electric motor.
- Electric contact structures that slide against each other under pressure are used for electric motors (electric motors / generators) and pantographs.
- electric motors electric motors / generators
- pantographs In such a structure, when the contact member is worn, it is necessary to perform maintenance such as component replacement. Therefore, in JP2002-25346A, the surface of the contact member is coated with conductive diamond-like carbon (hereinafter referred to as “DLC” as appropriate) in order to improve wear resistance.
- DLC conductive diamond-like carbon
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electric contact structure and an electric motor that can prevent wear of contact members and obtain good conformability between members.
- One embodiment of the electrical contact structure according to the present invention is an electrical contact structure that slides against each other in a pressurized state. Then, one contact member containing conductive hard carbon, a base material, and a surface of the base material which is formed in a region where the one contact member abuts and includes at least one of an iron group element and titanium. And the other contact member having a layered material.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing an electric motor suitable for using the electrical contact structure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion II in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method for forming the layered material 23 b on the base material 23 a of the commutator 23.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a second embodiment of the electrical contact structure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a view showing a third embodiment of the electrical contact structure according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing an electric motor suitable for using the electrical contact structure according to the present invention.
- the electric motor 1 is a DC motor.
- the electric motor has an electric motor function for generating mechanical power when electric energy is supplied, and has a generator function for generating electric energy when mechanical energy is supplied.
- the electric motor 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a case 10 and a rotor 20.
- the case 10 has a substantially cylindrical shape.
- a pair of bearings 11 are coaxially fitted to both end faces 10 a of the case 10.
- a magnet 12 is provided on the inner wall surface 10 b of the case 10. Further, the case 10 is provided with a plurality of brushes 14 through elastic bodies 13.
- the rotor 20 includes a rotor shaft 21, a rotor core 22, and a commutator 23.
- the rotor shaft 21 is a rotating shaft of the rotor 20.
- the rotor core 22 is provided around the rotor shaft 21.
- the rotor core 22 is formed by laminating a number of electromagnetic steel plates in the axial direction of the rotor shaft.
- the rotor core 22 is formed with a coil 22a.
- the commutator 23 is fixed to the rotor shaft 21.
- the brush 14 is pressed against the commutator 23 by the elastic body 13.
- the electric motor 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a DC electric motor having conductive contact members (the brush 14 and the commutator 23).
- conductive contact members the brush 14 and the commutator 23.
- the wear resistance is improved by coating the contact member with conductive DLC.
- the contact member coated with the conductive DLC hardly wears, there is a possibility that the conformability between the members is poor and the contact area between the members remains small.
- the members have manufacturing accuracy variations, it is difficult to bring the outer peripheral surface of the commutator 23 and the inner peripheral surface of the brush 14 into surface contact with each other, and the members are likely to be in a one-to-one contact state. If the contact member is coated with conductive DLC, the wear resistance will be improved, but it will hardly wear. Will continue. Further, if there are minute irregularities on the outer peripheral surface of the commutator and the inner peripheral surface of the brush, the irregularities will remain without any wear. This also continues the state where the contact area between the members is small. On the other hand, for example, when a commutator having a low hardness is used, the wear resistance is lowered.
- the inventors configured one contact member (one of the brush 14 and the commutator 23) with hard carbon such as conductive diamond or conductive DLC. Then, a layered material made of a material containing an iron group element or titanium Ti was formed on the surface of the other contact member (the other member of the brush 14 and the commutator 23). Since the iron group element or titanium Ti can promote wear of hard carbon such as diamond and DLC, the conformability between members can be obtained by this embodiment. Specific contents will be described below.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the II part of FIG. 1, FIG. 2 (A) shows the initial shape, and FIG. 2 (B) shows the time-lapse shape.
- the brush 14 is formed of a material containing conductive diamond.
- the conductive diamond is a diamond semiconductor doped with impurities (such as boron B). This is preferable because good wear resistance can be obtained.
- the commutator 23 has a layered material 23b containing at least one of an iron group element and titanium Ti on a surface of the base material 23a and at least a region where the brush 14 abuts. Is formed.
- the layered material 23b disappears in the commutator 23 with time, but remains in the case as dust. Therefore, by examining the dust component and the amount of dust in the case, it can be determined whether or not the layered material 23b containing at least one of the iron group element and titanium Ti has been formed in the initial stage.
- the material of the base material 23a of the commutator 23 for example, a metal material such as copper Cu, aluminum Al, zinc Zn, gold Au, silver Ag may be used. In this way, since the electric conductivity after the brush 14 and the commutator 23 are familiar with each other is good, the energy efficiency of the electric motor is excellent. Further, the compatibility of the commutator 23 is further improved.
- a material containing conductive diamond may be used similarly to the brush 14.
- a conductive diamond layer may be formed on the surface of the metal substrate, or the metal substrate may contain conductive diamond. In this way, after the brush 14 and the commutator 23 become familiar with each other, both are hardly worn, so that the life can be extended.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method of forming the layered material 23b on the base material 23a of the commutator 23.
- a method of forming the layered material 23b containing at least one of iron group elements and titanium Ti on the surface of the base material 23a of the commutator 23 for example, a plating method, a chemical vapor deposition method (Chemical Vapor Deposition; CVD) , Physical vapor deposition (PVD), powder deposition, and the like.
- CVD chemical Vapor Deposition
- PVD Physical vapor deposition
- the apparatus for carrying out the powder deposition method includes a jet nozzle N, a heater H for heating helium gas, and a feeder F for supplying a powder material.
- the jet nozzle N injects a powder material together with helium gas to the workpiece (base material 23a).
- the conformability of the contact member (brush 14 and commutator 23) can be improved, and good wear resistance after conforming can be obtained. If the electrical contact structure as in this embodiment is applied to an electric motor, an electric motor having excellent maintainability (maintenance-free) can be obtained.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a second embodiment of the electrical contact structure according to the present invention, FIG. 4 (A) shows an initial shape, and FIG. 4 (B) shows a shape with time.
- the brush 14 of the first embodiment described above was formed of a material containing conductive diamond.
- the surface of the base material 14a is coated with a layered material 14b containing conductive DLC.
- DLC DiamondiaLike Carbon
- SP3 crystal structure a diamond structure
- SP2 crystal structure a graphite structure
- the above-described powder deposition method and sintering method can be used.
- the powder deposition method When manufactured by a sintering method, there is little deformation of particles.
- the powder deposition method when used, the particles are deformed as compared with the sintering method. Therefore, the manufacturing method can be estimated by examining the shape of the particles contained in the layered material 14b.
- the metal component when manufactured by the sintering method, the metal component is hardly included between the particles, but when manufactured by the powder deposition method, it exists between the particles compared to the case of manufacturing by the sintering method. There is also a feature that there are many metal components. Therefore, it can be said that it is a more preferable method because electric conductivity is improved.
- FIG. 5 is a view showing a third embodiment of the electrical contact structure according to the present invention, FIG. 5 (A) shows an initial shape, and FIG. 5 (B) shows a time-dependent shape.
- the layered material 23b containing at least one of the iron group element and titanium Ti is formed on the surface of the base material 23a and at least in the region where the brush 14 abuts.
- the surface of the base material 23a is coated with a DLC layered material 23c containing conductive DLC. Conductive diamond may be included.
- a layered material 23b containing at least one of an iron group element and titanium Ti is formed thereon.
- Layered materials containing conductive diamond and conductive DLC include the above-mentioned powder deposition method, sintering method, chemical vapor deposition method (Chemical Vapor Deposition; CVD), physical vapor deposition method (Physical Vapor Deposition; PVD) Can be formed.
- the brush 14 may be the same as that in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
- the material composition of the brush 14 and the commutator 23 may be reversed. That is, in the first embodiment, the brush 14 is formed of a material including conductive diamond, and the commutator 23 is formed with the layered material 23b including at least one of an iron group element and titanium Ti. Conversely, the commutator 23 may be formed of a material containing conductive diamond, and a layered material containing at least one of an iron group element and titanium Ti may be formed on the brush 14. The same applies to the second embodiment and the third embodiment.
- the electric contact of the electric motor has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the present invention can be applied to various electrical contacts for energizing while being in sliding contact with a counterpart member, such as a pantograph or a movable contact of switches.
Abstract
Provided is a structure for electrical contacts which slide against each other in a pressed state, said structure including: one contact member that contains conductive hard carbon; and another contact member that comprises a base material and a layered material that is formed on a surface region of the base material where the one contact member is brought into contact, said layered material containing at least an iron group element or titanium.
Description
この発明は、電気接点構造及び電動機に関する。
The present invention relates to an electrical contact structure and an electric motor.
電動機(電気モーター／ジェネレーター)やパンタグラフには、加圧された状態で相互に摺動する電気接点構造が用いられる。このような構造では、接点部材が摩耗した場合に、部品交換などのメンテナンスを行う必要がある。そこでＪＰ２００２－２５３４６Ａでは、耐摩耗性を向上させるために、接点部材の表面に導電性ダイヤモンドライクカーボン(Diamond Like Carbon；以下適宜「ＤＬＣ」と称す)をコーティングしている。
Electric contact structures that slide against each other under pressure are used for electric motors (electric motors / generators) and pantographs. In such a structure, when the contact member is worn, it is necessary to perform maintenance such as component replacement. Therefore, in JP2002-25346A, the surface of the contact member is coated with conductive diamond-like carbon (hereinafter referred to as “DLC” as appropriate) in order to improve wear resistance.
しかしながら、導電性ＤＬＣをコーティングした接点部材は、ほとんど摩耗しないがゆえ、部材間のなじみ性が悪く、部材間の接触面積が小さいままであるという可能性があった。
However, since the contact member coated with conductive DLC hardly wears, there is a possibility that the conformability between members is poor and the contact area between members remains small.
本発明は、このような従来の問題点に着目してなされた。本発明の目的は、接点部材の摩耗を防止するとともに、部材間の良好ななじみ性を得ることができる電気接点構造及び電動機を提供することである。
The present invention was made paying attention to such conventional problems. An object of the present invention is to provide an electric contact structure and an electric motor that can prevent wear of contact members and obtain good conformability between members.
本発明による電気接点構造のひとつの実施形態は、加圧された状態で相互に摺動する電気接点構造である。そして、導電性硬質炭素を含む一方の接点部材と、基材と、その基材の表面であって一方の接点部材が当接される領域に形成され鉄族元素及びチタンの少なくともいずれかを含む層状材と、を有する他方の接点部材と、を含む。
One embodiment of the electrical contact structure according to the present invention is an electrical contact structure that slides against each other in a pressurized state. Then, one contact member containing conductive hard carbon, a base material, and a surface of the base material which is formed in a region where the one contact member abuts and includes at least one of an iron group element and titanium. And the other contact member having a layered material.
本発明の実施形態、本発明の利点は、添付された図面とともに以下に詳細に説明される。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION Embodiments of the present invention and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
（第１実施形態）
図１は、本発明による電気接点構造を用いるのに好適な電動機を示す図である。 (First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a view showing an electric motor suitable for using the electrical contact structure according to the present invention.
図１は、本発明による電気接点構造を用いるのに好適な電動機を示す図である。 (First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a view showing an electric motor suitable for using the electrical contact structure according to the present invention.
電動機１は、直流電動機である。なお電動機は、電気的エネルギーが供給されれば機械的動力を発生する電気モーター機能を有するとともに、機械的エネルギーが供給されれば電気的エネルギーを発生するジェネレーター機能を有するものである。
The electric motor 1 is a DC motor. The electric motor has an electric motor function for generating mechanical power when electric energy is supplied, and has a generator function for generating electric energy when mechanical energy is supplied.
図１に示される電動機１は、ケース１０と、ローター２０と、を含む。
The electric motor 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a case 10 and a rotor 20.
ケース１０は、略円筒形である。ケース１０の両端面１０ａには、一対のベアリング１１が同軸に嵌合される。ケース１０の内壁面１０ｂには、マグネット１２が設けられる。またケース１０には、弾性体１３を介して複数のブラシ１４が設けられる。
The case 10 has a substantially cylindrical shape. A pair of bearings 11 are coaxially fitted to both end faces 10 a of the case 10. A magnet 12 is provided on the inner wall surface 10 b of the case 10. Further, the case 10 is provided with a plurality of brushes 14 through elastic bodies 13.
ローター２０は、ローターシャフト２１と、ローターコア２２と、コミュテーター２３と、を含む。
The rotor 20 includes a rotor shaft 21, a rotor core 22, and a commutator 23.
ローターシャフト２１は、ローター２０の回転軸である。
The rotor shaft 21 is a rotating shaft of the rotor 20.
ローターコア２２は、ローターシャフト２１に周囲に設けられる。ローターコア２２は、多数の電磁鋼板がローターシャフトの軸方向に積層されて形成される。またローターコア２２には、コイル２２ａが形成される。
The rotor core 22 is provided around the rotor shaft 21. The rotor core 22 is formed by laminating a number of electromagnetic steel plates in the axial direction of the rotor shaft. The rotor core 22 is formed with a coil 22a.
コミュテーター２３は、ローターシャフト２１に固設される。このコミュテーター２３に、ブラシ１４が弾性体１３によって押圧される。
The commutator 23 is fixed to the rotor shaft 21. The brush 14 is pressed against the commutator 23 by the elastic body 13.
ここで本発明の理解を容易にするために、本発明が解決しようとする課題について確認する。図１に示された電動機１は、導電性の接点部材(ブラシ１４及びコミュテーター２３)を有する直流電動機である。このような電動機では、接点部材が摩耗した場合に、部品交換などのメンテナンスを行う必要がある。これに対して特許文献１では、接点部材に導電性ＤＬＣをコーティングすることで、耐摩耗性を向上させている。しかしながら、導電性ＤＬＣをコーティングした接点部材は、ほとんど摩耗しないがゆえ、部材間のなじみ性が悪く、部材間の接触面積が小さいままであるという可能性があった。すなわち、部材には、製造精度のバラツキがあるので、コミュテーター２３の外周面とブラシ１４の内周面とをきれいに面接触させることが困難であり、片当たり状態になりやすい。接点部材に導電性ＤＬＣをコーティングすれば、耐摩耗性が向上するものの、ほとんど摩耗しないがゆえ、部材間のなじみ性が悪く、片当たり状態がいつまでも解消されず、部材間の接触面積が小さい状態が続いてしまう。またコミュテーターの外周面やブラシの内周面に微小凹凸があれば、その凹凸が摩耗することなくいつまでも残存する。このことによっても、部材間の接触面積が小さい状態が続いてしまう。これに対して、たとえば硬度が低いコミュテーターを用いては、耐摩耗性が低下する。またブラシは複数用いられるので、すべてのブラシの内周面の凹凸にコミュテーターをなじませることは現実的ではない。ひとつのブラシの凹凸に倣っても、次のブラシの凹凸には倣わないからである。そのため部材間の接触面積が小さい状態を解消できない。部材間の接触面積が小さければ電気伝導性が悪いので、電動機のエネルギー効率が低下する。また接点部材の電流が局所的に集中することによって熱が発生しやすくなる。熱が発生すれば接点部材が熱軟化し、耐久性が低下する。
Here, in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, problems to be solved by the present invention will be confirmed. The electric motor 1 shown in FIG. 1 is a DC electric motor having conductive contact members (the brush 14 and the commutator 23). In such an electric motor, when the contact member is worn, it is necessary to perform maintenance such as replacement of parts. On the other hand, in Patent Document 1, the wear resistance is improved by coating the contact member with conductive DLC. However, since the contact member coated with the conductive DLC hardly wears, there is a possibility that the conformability between the members is poor and the contact area between the members remains small. That is, since the members have manufacturing accuracy variations, it is difficult to bring the outer peripheral surface of the commutator 23 and the inner peripheral surface of the brush 14 into surface contact with each other, and the members are likely to be in a one-to-one contact state. If the contact member is coated with conductive DLC, the wear resistance will be improved, but it will hardly wear. Will continue. Further, if there are minute irregularities on the outer peripheral surface of the commutator and the inner peripheral surface of the brush, the irregularities will remain without any wear. This also continues the state where the contact area between the members is small. On the other hand, for example, when a commutator having a low hardness is used, the wear resistance is lowered. In addition, since a plurality of brushes are used, it is not realistic to adapt the commutator to the unevenness of the inner peripheral surface of all the brushes. This is because even if the unevenness of one brush is copied, the unevenness of the next brush is not copied. Therefore, the state where the contact area between members is small cannot be solved. If the contact area between the members is small, the electric conductivity is poor, so the energy efficiency of the motor is reduced. Further, heat is easily generated by locally concentrating the current of the contact member. When heat is generated, the contact member is heat-softened and durability is lowered.
これに対して、なじみ加工を追加することも考えられるが、導電性ＤＬＣは非常に硬度が高いので、加工時間が多大になる。また電動機としてアッセンブリーする前になじみ加工を実施しても組み付け誤差による片当たりは解消できない。
On the other hand, it is conceivable to add a familiar process. However, since the conductive DLC has a very high hardness, the processing time becomes great. Moreover, even if the fitting process is performed before assembling as an electric motor, the one-piece contact due to the assembly error cannot be eliminated.
このような課題を解決すべく、発明者らは、一方の接点部材(ブラシ１４及びコミュテーター２３のいずれか一方の部材)を導電性ダイヤモンドや導電性ＤＬＣといった硬質炭素で構成した。そして、他方の接点部材(ブラシ１４及びコミュテーター２３のいずれか他方の部材)の表面に鉄族元素又はチタンＴｉを含む材料による層状材を形成した。鉄族元素又はチタンＴｉは、ダイヤモンドやＤＬＣといった硬質炭素の摩耗を促進できるので、本実施形態によって、部材間のなじみ性を得ることができた。以下では具体的な内容を説明する。
In order to solve such a problem, the inventors configured one contact member (one of the brush 14 and the commutator 23) with hard carbon such as conductive diamond or conductive DLC. Then, a layered material made of a material containing an iron group element or titanium Ti was formed on the surface of the other contact member (the other member of the brush 14 and the commutator 23). Since the iron group element or titanium Ti can promote wear of hard carbon such as diamond and DLC, the conformability between members can be obtained by this embodiment. Specific contents will be described below.
図２は図１のＩＩ部の拡大図であり、図２(Ａ)は初期形状を示し、図２(Ｂ)は経時形状を示す。
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the II part of FIG. 1, FIG. 2 (A) shows the initial shape, and FIG. 2 (B) shows the time-lapse shape.
本実施形態では、ブラシ１４は、導電性ダイヤモンドを含んだ材料で形成される。ここで導電性ダイヤモンドとは、不純物(ボロンＢなど)がドーピングされたダイヤモンド半導体である。このようにすれば良好な耐摩耗性を得ることができるので、好適である。
In this embodiment, the brush 14 is formed of a material containing conductive diamond. Here, the conductive diamond is a diamond semiconductor doped with impurities (such as boron B). This is preferable because good wear resistance can be obtained.
またコミュテーター２３は、図２(Ａ)に示されるように、基材２３ａの表面であって少なくともブラシ１４が当接する領域に、鉄族元素及びチタンＴｉの少なくともいずれかを含む層状材２３ｂが形成されている。
Further, as shown in FIG. 2A, the commutator 23 has a layered material 23b containing at least one of an iron group element and titanium Ti on a surface of the base material 23a and at least a region where the brush 14 abuts. Is formed.
このような構成であるので、ローターシャフト２１が回転して、ブラシ１４とコミュテーター２３とが摺動すると、図２(Ｂ)に示されるように、徐々に、ブラシ１４の凹凸が摩耗して減少するとともに、層状材２３ｂも消失していき、経時的には、両者がなじんで両者の接触面積が向上する。この結果、電動機のエネルギー効率が良好になり、また接点部材の局所的な電流集中が避けられて、ひいてはこの点においても耐久性が向上する。
With such a configuration, when the rotor shaft 21 rotates and the brush 14 and the commutator 23 slide, the unevenness of the brush 14 gradually wears as shown in FIG. As it decreases, the layered material 23b disappears, and over time, both become familiar and the contact area between the two improves. As a result, the energy efficiency of the electric motor is improved, and local current concentration of the contact member is avoided, and the durability is also improved in this respect.
なお層状材２３ｂは、経時的にはコミュテーター２３にはほとんど残らず消失してしまうが、粉塵としてケース内に残留する。したがって、ケース内の粉塵の成分や粉塵の量を調べることによって、初期に、鉄族元素及びチタンＴｉの少なくともいずれかを含む層状材２３ｂが形成されていたか否かが判る。
Note that the layered material 23b disappears in the commutator 23 with time, but remains in the case as dust. Therefore, by examining the dust component and the amount of dust in the case, it can be determined whether or not the layered material 23b containing at least one of the iron group element and titanium Ti has been formed in the initial stage.
コミュテーター２３の基材２３ａの材料としては、たとえば、銅Ｃｕ，アルミニウムＡｌ，亜鉛Ｚｎ，金Ａｕ，銀Ａｇなどの金属材料を使用すればよい。このようにすれば、ブラシ１４及びコミュテーター２３がなじんだ後の電気伝導性が良いので、電動機のエネルギー効率に優れる。またコミュテーター２３のなじみ性がさらに向上する。
As the material of the base material 23a of the commutator 23, for example, a metal material such as copper Cu, aluminum Al, zinc Zn, gold Au, silver Ag may be used. In this way, since the electric conductivity after the brush 14 and the commutator 23 are familiar with each other is good, the energy efficiency of the electric motor is excellent. Further, the compatibility of the commutator 23 is further improved.
またコミュテーター２３の基材２３ａの材料としては、たとえば、ブラシ１４と同様に、導電性ダイヤモンドを含んだ材料を使用してもよい。この場合に、金属基材の表面に導電性ダイヤモンドの層を形成しても、また金属基材に導電性ダイヤモンドを含有させてもよい。このようにすれば、ブラシ１４及びコミュテーター２３がなじんだ後は、両者がほとんど摩耗しないので、長寿命化を図ることができる。
Further, as the material of the base material 23a of the commutator 23, for example, a material containing conductive diamond may be used similarly to the brush 14. In this case, a conductive diamond layer may be formed on the surface of the metal substrate, or the metal substrate may contain conductive diamond. In this way, after the brush 14 and the commutator 23 become familiar with each other, both are hardly worn, so that the life can be extended.
図３は、コミュテーター２３の基材２３ａに、層状材２３ｂを形成する手法の一例を説明する図である。
FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method of forming the layered material 23b on the base material 23a of the commutator 23.
コミュテーター２３の基材２３ａの表面に、鉄族元素及びチタンＴｉの少なくともいずれかを含む層状材２３ｂを形成する手法としては、たとえば、メッキ法，化学気相成長法(Chemical Vapor Deposition；ＣＶＤ)，物理気相成長法(Physical Vapor Deposition；ＰＶＤ)，パウダーデポジション法などがある。
As a method of forming the layered material 23b containing at least one of iron group elements and titanium Ti on the surface of the base material 23a of the commutator 23, for example, a plating method, a chemical vapor deposition method (Chemical Vapor Deposition; CVD) , Physical vapor deposition (PVD), powder deposition, and the like.
次に図３を参照して、パウダーデポジション法を用いて、コミュテーター２３の基材２３ａに、層状材２３ｂを形成することについて説明する。
Next, the formation of the layered material 23b on the base material 23a of the commutator 23 using the powder deposition method will be described with reference to FIG.
パウダーデポジション法を実施するための装置は、ジェットノズルＮと、ヘリウムガスを加熱するヒーターＨと、粉末素材を供給するフィーダーＦと、を含む。ジェットノズルＮは、ワーク(基材２３ａ)に対してヘリウムガスとともに粉末素材を噴射する。
The apparatus for carrying out the powder deposition method includes a jet nozzle N, a heater H for heating helium gas, and a feeder F for supplying a powder material. The jet nozzle N injects a powder material together with helium gas to the workpiece (base material 23a).
このようなパウダーデポジション法を利用することで、容易かつ安価に製造することができる。
利用 By using such a powder deposition method, it can be manufactured easily and inexpensively.
本実施形態によれば、接点部材(ブラシ１４及びコミュテーター２３)のなじみ性を向上できるとともに、なじんだ後の良好な耐摩耗性を得ることができるのである。そして、本実施形態のような電気接点構造を電動機に適用すれば、メンテナンス性に優れる(メンテナンスフリーな)電動機を得ることができる。
According to this embodiment, the conformability of the contact member (brush 14 and commutator 23) can be improved, and good wear resistance after conforming can be obtained. If the electrical contact structure as in this embodiment is applied to an electric motor, an electric motor having excellent maintainability (maintenance-free) can be obtained.
（第２実施形態）
図４は本発明による電気接点構造の第２実施形態を示す図であり、図４(Ａ)は初期形状を示し、図４(Ｂ)は経時形状を示す。 (Second Embodiment)
FIG. 4 is a view showing a second embodiment of the electrical contact structure according to the present invention, FIG. 4 (A) shows an initial shape, and FIG. 4 (B) shows a shape with time.
図４は本発明による電気接点構造の第２実施形態を示す図であり、図４(Ａ)は初期形状を示し、図４(Ｂ)は経時形状を示す。 (Second Embodiment)
FIG. 4 is a view showing a second embodiment of the electrical contact structure according to the present invention, FIG. 4 (A) shows an initial shape, and FIG. 4 (B) shows a shape with time.
なお以下では前述と同様の機能を果たす部分には同一の符号を付して重複する説明を適宜省略する。
In the following, parts that perform the same functions as those described above are given the same reference numerals, and redundant descriptions are omitted as appropriate.
上述した第１実施形態のブラシ１４は、導電性ダイヤモンドを含んだ材料で形成された。これに対して、この第２実施形態では、図４(Ａ)に示されるように、基材１４ａの表面に導電性ＤＬＣを含む層状材１４ｂがコーティングされている。なおＤＬＣ(Diamond Like Carbon)は、ダイヤモンド構造(ＳＰ３結晶構造)とグラファイト構造(ＳＰ２結晶構造)とが混在したアモルファス(非晶質)構造である。
The brush 14 of the first embodiment described above was formed of a material containing conductive diamond. On the other hand, in the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4A, the surface of the base material 14a is coated with a layered material 14b containing conductive DLC. DLC (DiamondiaLike Carbon) is an amorphous structure in which a diamond structure (SP3 crystal structure) and a graphite structure (SP2 crystal structure) are mixed.
コミュテーター２３については、第１実施形態と同様であるので、説明を省略する。
Since the commutator 23 is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
なお、基材１４ａの表面に、金属材料、導電性ダイヤモンド、導電性ＤＬＣを含む層状材１４ｂをコーティングするには、上述のパウダーデポジション法や焼結法を利用できる。焼結法によって製造した場合は、粒子の変形が少ない。これに対して、パウダーデポジション法を利用した場合は、焼結法に比べて、粒子が変形しているという特徴がある。したがって、層状材１４ｂに含まれる粒子の形状を調べることで、製造方法を推定できる。
In addition, in order to coat the layered material 14b containing a metal material, conductive diamond, and conductive DLC on the surface of the base material 14a, the above-described powder deposition method and sintering method can be used. When manufactured by a sintering method, there is little deformation of particles. On the other hand, when the powder deposition method is used, the particles are deformed as compared with the sintering method. Therefore, the manufacturing method can be estimated by examining the shape of the particles contained in the layered material 14b.
また焼結法によって製造した場合は、粒子間には、金属成分がほとんど含まれないが、パウダーデポジション法によって製造した場合は、焼結法によって製造した場合に比べて、粒子間に存在する金属成分が多いという特徴もある。そのため、電気伝導性が向上するので、より好ましい手法であると言える。
In addition, when manufactured by the sintering method, the metal component is hardly included between the particles, but when manufactured by the powder deposition method, it exists between the particles compared to the case of manufacturing by the sintering method. There is also a feature that there are many metal components. Therefore, it can be said that it is a more preferable method because electric conductivity is improved.
このような構造であっても、ローターシャフト２１が回転して、ブラシ１４とコミュテーター２３とが摺動すると、図４(Ｂ)に示されるように、徐々に、ブラシ１４(層状材１４ｂ)の凹凸が摩耗して減少するとともに、層状材２３ｂも消失していき、経時的には、両者がなじんで両者の接触面積が向上する。この結果、電動機のエネルギー効率が良好になり、また接点部材の電流が局所的に集中することが避けられて、ひいてはこの点においても耐久性が向上する。
Even in such a structure, when the rotor shaft 21 rotates and the brush 14 and the commutator 23 slide, the brush 14 (layered material 14b) is gradually formed as shown in FIG. The layered material 23b also disappears, and the contact area between the two improves as time passes. As a result, the energy efficiency of the electric motor is improved, the current of the contact member is prevented from being concentrated locally, and the durability is also improved in this respect.
（第３実施形態）
図５は本発明による電気接点構造の第３実施形態を示す図であり、図５(Ａ)は初期形状を示し、図５(Ｂ)は経時形状を示す。 (Third embodiment)
FIG. 5 is a view showing a third embodiment of the electrical contact structure according to the present invention, FIG. 5 (A) shows an initial shape, and FIG. 5 (B) shows a time-dependent shape.
図５は本発明による電気接点構造の第３実施形態を示す図であり、図５(Ａ)は初期形状を示し、図５(Ｂ)は経時形状を示す。 (Third embodiment)
FIG. 5 is a view showing a third embodiment of the electrical contact structure according to the present invention, FIG. 5 (A) shows an initial shape, and FIG. 5 (B) shows a time-dependent shape.
上述した第１実施形態のコミュテーター２３は、基材２３ａの表面であって少なくともブラシ１４が当接する領域に、鉄族元素及びチタンＴｉの少なくともいずれかを含む層状材２３ｂが形成されていた。これに対して、この第３実施形態では、図５(Ａ)に示されるように、基材２３ａの表面に導電性ＤＬＣを含むＤＬＣ層状材２３ｃがコーティングされている。なお導電性ダイヤモンドが含まれていてもよい。そしてその上に、鉄族元素及びチタンＴｉの少なくともいずれかを含む層状材２３ｂが形成されている。導電性ダイヤモンド、導電性ＤＬＣを含む層状材は、上述のパウダーデポジション法や焼結法、化学気相成長法(Chemical Vapor Deposition；ＣＶＤ)、物理気相成長法(Physical Vapor Deposition；ＰＶＤ)などによって形成できる。
In the commutator 23 according to the first embodiment described above, the layered material 23b containing at least one of the iron group element and titanium Ti is formed on the surface of the base material 23a and at least in the region where the brush 14 abuts. On the other hand, in the third embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5A, the surface of the base material 23a is coated with a DLC layered material 23c containing conductive DLC. Conductive diamond may be included. A layered material 23b containing at least one of an iron group element and titanium Ti is formed thereon. Layered materials containing conductive diamond and conductive DLC include the above-mentioned powder deposition method, sintering method, chemical vapor deposition method (Chemical Vapor Deposition; CVD), physical vapor deposition method (Physical Vapor Deposition; PVD) Can be formed.
なおブラシ１４については、第１実施形態又は第２実施形態と同様のものでよいので、説明を省略する。
Note that the brush 14 may be the same as that in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
このような構造であっても、ローターシャフト２１が回転して、ブラシ１４とコミュテーター２３とが摺動すると、図５(Ｂ)に示されるように、徐々に、ブラシ１４の凹凸が摩耗して減少するとともに、層状材２３ｂも消失していき、経時的には、両者がなじんで、ブラシ１４とコミュテーター２３(ＤＬＣ層状材２３ｃ)との接触面積が向上する。この結果、電動機のエネルギー効率が良好になり、また接点部材の電流が局所的に集中することが避けられて、ひいてはこの点においても耐久性が向上する。
Even in such a structure, when the rotor shaft 21 rotates and the brush 14 and the commutator 23 slide, the unevenness of the brush 14 gradually wears as shown in FIG. And the layered material 23b disappears over time, and over time, both become familiar and the contact area between the brush 14 and the commutator 23 (DLC layered material 23c) is improved. As a result, the energy efficiency of the electric motor is improved, the current of the contact member is prevented from being concentrated locally, and the durability is also improved in this respect.
以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、上記実施形態は本発明の適用例の一部を示したに過ぎず、本発明の技術的範囲を上記実施形態の具体的構成に限定する趣旨ではない。
The embodiment of the present invention has been described above. However, the above embodiment only shows a part of application examples of the present invention, and the technical scope of the present invention is limited to the specific configuration of the above embodiment. Absent.
たとえば、ブラシ１４とコミュテーター２３との材料組成を逆にしてもよい。すなわち第１実施形態では、ブラシ１４が、導電性ダイヤモンドを含んだ材料で形成され、コミュテーター２３に、鉄族元素及びチタンＴｉの少なくともいずれかを含む層状材２３ｂが形成されていた。これを逆にして、コミュテーター２３を導電性ダイヤモンドを含んだ材料で形成し、ブラシ１４に、鉄族元素及びチタンＴｉの少なくともいずれかを含む層状材を形成してもよい。第２実施形態や第３実施形態についても同様である。
For example, the material composition of the brush 14 and the commutator 23 may be reversed. That is, in the first embodiment, the brush 14 is formed of a material including conductive diamond, and the commutator 23 is formed with the layered material 23b including at least one of an iron group element and titanium Ti. Conversely, the commutator 23 may be formed of a material containing conductive diamond, and a layered material containing at least one of an iron group element and titanium Ti may be formed on the brush 14. The same applies to the second embodiment and the third embodiment.
また上記実施形態では、電動機の電気接点を掲げて説明したが、これには限られない。たとえば、パンタグラフやスイッチ類の可動接点などのように、相手部材に対して相対的に摺動接触しながら通電をするための各種電気接点に適用可能である。
In the above embodiment, the electric contact of the electric motor has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the present invention can be applied to various electrical contacts for energizing while being in sliding contact with a counterpart member, such as a pantograph or a movable contact of switches.
また上記実施形態は、適宜組み合わせ可能である。
Further, the above embodiments can be appropriately combined.
本願は、２０１２年７月１２日に日本国特許庁に出願された特願２０１２－１５６３７１に基づく優先権を主張し、これらの出願の全ての内容は参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる。
This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-156371 filed with the Japan Patent Office on July 12, 2012, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-156371 filed with the Japan Patent Office on July 12, 2012, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Claims (8)
- 加圧された状態で相互に摺動する電気接点構造であって、
導電性硬質炭素を含む一方の接点部材と、
基材と、その基材の表面であって一方の接点部材が当接される領域に形成され鉄族元素及びチタンの少なくともいずれかを含む層状材と、を有する他方の接点部材と、
を含む電気接点構造。 An electrical contact structure that slides against each other in a pressurized state,
One contact member containing conductive hard carbon;
The other contact member having a base material and a layered material formed on the surface of the base material and in contact with one contact member and containing at least one of an iron group element and titanium;
Including electrical contact structure. - 請求項１に記載の電気接点構造において、
導電性硬質炭素は、導電性ダイヤモンドである、
電気接点構造。 The electrical contact structure according to claim 1,
Conductive hard carbon is a conductive diamond,
Electric contact structure. - 請求項１に記載の電気接点構造において、
導電性硬質炭素は、導電性ダイヤモンドライクカーボンである、
電気接点構造。 The electrical contact structure according to claim 1,
Conductive hard carbon is conductive diamond-like carbon,
Electrical contact structure. - 請求項１から請求項３までのいずれか１項に記載の電気接点構造において、
他方の接点部材の基材は、導電性ダイヤモンドを含む、
電気接点構造。 In the electrical contact structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The base material of the other contact member includes conductive diamond,
Electric contact structure. - 請求項１から請求項３までのいずれか１項に記載の電気接点構造において、
他方の接点部材の基材は、導電性ダイヤモンドライクカーボンを含むＤＬＣ層状材が表面に形成され、
鉄族元素及びチタンの少なくともいずれかを含む層状材は、ＤＬＣ層状材に積層される、
電気接点構造。 In the electrical contact structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The base material of the other contact member is formed with a DLC layered material containing conductive diamond-like carbon on the surface,
The layered material containing at least one of the iron group element and titanium is laminated on the DLC layered material.
Electrical contact structure. - 請求項１から請求項５までのいずれか１項に記載の電気接点構造において、
他方の接点部材の基材は、金属材料で形成される、
電気接点構造。 In the electric contact structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The base material of the other contact member is formed of a metal material.
Electric contact structure. - 請求項１から請求項６までのいずれか１項に記載の電気接点構造において、
鉄族元素及びチタンの少なくともいずれかを含む層状材は、ワークに対して粉末素材をジェット噴射するパウダーデポジション法で基材の表面に形成される、
電気接点構造。 In the electrical contact structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
A layered material containing at least one of an iron group element and titanium is formed on the surface of a substrate by a powder deposition method in which a powder material is jet-injected onto a workpiece.
Electrical contact structure. - 請求項１から請求項７までのいずれか１項に記載の電気接点構造を有する、
電動機。
The electric contact structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
Electric motor.
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014524704A JP5862776B2 (en) | 2012-07-12 | 2013-06-17 | Electric contact structure and electric motor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012-156371 | 2012-07-12 | ||
| JP2012156371 | 2012-07-12 |
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| JPH0778664A (en) * | 1993-09-10 | 1995-03-20 | Hitachi Koki Co Ltd | Manufacture of ceramic commutator |
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| JPWO2014010373A1 (en) | 2016-06-20 |
| JP5862776B2 (en) | 2016-02-16 |
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