WO2014009009A1 - Système d'aimant supraconducteur - Google Patents

Système d'aimant supraconducteur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014009009A1
WO2014009009A1 PCT/EP2013/002026 EP2013002026W WO2014009009A1 WO 2014009009 A1 WO2014009009 A1 WO 2014009009A1 EP 2013002026 W EP2013002026 W EP 2013002026W WO 2014009009 A1 WO2014009009 A1 WO 2014009009A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnet
shielding device
superconducting
arrangement according
coil
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/002026
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Philipp KRÜGER
Original Assignee
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Karlsruher Institut für Technologie filed Critical Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
Publication of WO2014009009A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014009009A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/38—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
    • G01R33/381—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field using electromagnets
    • G01R33/3815—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field using electromagnets with superconducting coils, e.g. power supply therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/36—Electric or magnetic shields or screens
    • H01F27/366—Electric or magnetic shields or screens made of ferromagnetic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F27/36—Electric or magnetic shields or screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
    • G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
    • G01R33/42—Screening
    • G01R33/421—Screening of main or gradient magnetic field

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a magnet assembly comprising a superconducting magnet for generating a homogeneous magnetic field.
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance is, for example, a method of investigating the properties of a sample by analyzing the chemical composition of a sample, which generally requires particularly homogeneous, static magnetic fields of several Tesla thickness in order to obtain high quality measurement results.
  • High magnetic field strengths can be generated with superconducting magnetic coils, which are usually cooled with liquid helium in a cryostat to a typical operating temperature of T ⁇ 4.2 K.
  • Solenoid-shaped or cylindrical magnetic coils are particularly frequently used, which enclose a circular-cylindrical examination volume.
  • the magnetic field characteristic of a coil corresponds to that of a bar magnet, wherein the magnetic field lines in the interior of the coil are almost parallel.
  • magnetic flux can penetrate into these coil regions. This effect occurs at high field strengths, especially when the coils are constructed of technical superconductors, such.
  • niobium and tin Nb 3 Sn
  • niobium and titanium NbTi
  • band conductors such as BSCCO, YBCO, wherein Y can be at least partially replaced by at least one other rare earth metal.
  • This type of superconducting materials show from a critical magnetic field Bc the effect that a part of the magnetic flux in the form of so-called flow tubes enters the superconducting material.
  • the superconducting material loses current carrying capacity, with the loss correlating with the strength of the magnetic field.
  • a reduction in the current carrying capacity j in the outer regions of the coil simultaneously influences windings which are remote from the poles and thus the inner region of the coil. If the coil can no longer carry enough current, the magnetic field coil can not reach the actual magnetic field to the desired level, for magnetic high-field coils which can reach up to 24 tesla in static operation.
  • CONFIRMATION COPY This can mean a loss of some Tesla peak power. The magnet should therefore be shielded at the relevant points.
  • the shielding devices known from the prior art are known as passive and active field homogenization systems.
  • DE 199 22 652 A1 describes a passive system in which ferromagnetic material is arranged annularly inside the magnetic coil. The ferromagnetic material causes a shielding of stray fields occurring within the coil.
  • An active homogenization is known from DE 10 2008 020 107 B4, wherein additional secondary coils operated in opposite directions of the main field coil and both magnetic fields are superimposed.
  • the aforementioned systems are based on the fact that the homogenization system and the magnetic field coil together produce a homogeneous magnetic field inside the main field coil. Although this reduces interference fields or production-related field inhomogeneities, these do not prevent the effect of reducing the current carrying capacity j. Only the field of a small area within the examination volume is affected.
  • the present invention is therefore an object of the invention to provide a magnet assembly with a superconducting magnet, wherein a penetration of magnetic flux in edge regions of a superconducting magnet is reduced and stabilizing the current carrying capacity j of the superconducting magnet is made possible.
  • the magnet arrangement according to the invention comprises a superconducting magnet for generating a homogeneous magnetic field.
  • the magnet arrangement has a shielding device made of ferromagnetic material, which is arranged at least at a portion of the superconducting magnet to which, upon application of an electrical current, the magnetic field field that is tangent to an edge of the section.
  • the shielding device has a particularly preferred relative to the edge convex cross-sectional shape, so as to advantageously suitably surround the corresponding edge of the magnet.
  • the shielding device may also have a concave cross-sectional shape relative to the edge.
  • the field is quite homogeneous, so that the magnetic field has a parallel component of finite size.
  • the vertical component H x of the magnetic field is approximately zero here.
  • the magnetic field contains an increasing vertical component H ⁇ , with which the magnetic field at the edges of the edge touches them and finally penetrates with increasing magnetic field.
  • the shielding device has a convex shape in cross-section, because the magnetic flux is thus deflected by this shape in that the field lines strike the shielding device almost perpendicularly and can be guided through it. This is also sufficiently fulfilled by a concave cross-sectional shape, so that the shielding device can be made variable.
  • the invention provides that the superconducting magnet is in one piece or is constructed from a plurality of sections.
  • the shielding device can in each case or occasionally be attached to the different sections. be, depending on the requirements of the magnet assembly itself.
  • the invention provides that the edge of the at least one portion is at least partially encompassed by the shielding device. It may also include the edge of the portion of the superconducting magnet also fully.
  • the invention preferably provides that the shielding device can be designed as a cap, with a cap preferably being arranged at both ends of the section.
  • the shielding device can be arranged on at least one of the pole regions of the superconducting magnet. This includes the critical areas where magnetic flux can penetrate the superconducting magnet.
  • the shielding device may be annular. It can then simply be placed on the pole regions of a cylindrical magnet.
  • the shielding device may be formed as an elongate profile, wherein it is U-shaped or L-shaped in cross section. Alternatively, a rounded cross-sectional shape, for example. Semicircular can be provided.
  • the mold is in each case designed such that it surrounds the edge of interest of the magnet in the manner described in such a way that the magnetic field is guided intrinsically, that is, is guided particularly effectively.
  • the field lines meet almost perpendicular to the shielding and can therefore be optimally tightened by the same.
  • the shielding device is formed angled in cross-section, with a preferred angle between 60 ° and 120 °.
  • An angle of 90 ° is provided in a preferred embodiment, whereby the shielding device is particularly easy to produce.
  • the invention provides that the superconducting magnet is a rotationally symmetrical about a z-axis arranged, superconducting coil, the latter can be wound from wires or can be constructed of deposited on a carrier printed conductors.
  • the superconducting coil may be a radially inner or outer coil.
  • An inventive embodiment of the invention provides that the superconducting coil can be constructed from an unstructured cylindrical coil. Alternatively it is possible to use structured cylindrical coils.
  • the superconducting coil may be constructed of a plurality of sections connected in series in the form of winding sets, the shielding device being arranged on at least one of the winding sets.
  • the winding sets may possibly be separated by spacers a few millimeters from each other, so that again there is an edge at the magnetic flux can penetrate into the winding set.
  • at least one shielding device can be arranged at both ends or front sides of the winding set in order to achieve a functional shielding of these areas.
  • multiple sets of windings may be included together such that not only two shielding devices but a plurality of even number of shielding devices may be disposed on the sets of windings. The shielding device can thus be variably used for the respective requirements.
  • the magnetic field coil of a preferred embodiment consists of two, to the center of the inner volume mirror-symmetrically arranged cylindrical coils.
  • the coils are in this case arranged radially one inside the other.
  • the coils can be arranged one above the other and operated in the same direction.
  • the shielding device may comprise the pole regions of the at least two superconducting coils, it also being possible for a section-wise shielding to be provided. Always both pole regions of the covered sections should be provided with a shield in order to optimally stabilize the current carrying capacity of the coil.
  • the superconducting magnet can be a bar magnet, wherein the shielding device is preferably designed as an elongate profile. It may be arranged in the shape of a cap along the pole regions and partially enclose them, wherein in a preferred embodiment the shielding device has a U-shaped cross-section.
  • the magnet arrangement according to the invention can therefore be varied depending on the nature of the insert, such. B. in research or medical technology, are provided with suitable magnetic variants.
  • the ferromagnet to be used can, for. B. iron or an iron alloy with cobalt or nickel and can be from a few ⁇ up to a few cm thick. Depending on the requirements, the material can be vapor-deposited or mounted as a solid shielding. The required amount of ferromagnetic material depends on how high the magnetic field generated by the superconducting magnet is. The ferromagnetic material should therefore have a hysteresis curve whose saturation occurs only at high magnetic fields and which has a low loss function.
  • the shielding device may also consist of a superconducting material.
  • the superconducting material of the magnet contains niobium, in particular in the composition NbsSn or else NbTi.
  • a superconducting magnet can also be made of a high-temperature superconductor, such as. B. BSCCO, YBCO, wherein Y can be at least partially replaced by at least one other rare earth metal.
  • the shielding device can with conventional fasteners, such. As screws or clamps are attached to the magnet. It can also be provided that it is simply placed or attached to the magnet. This especially facilitates the retrofitting of existing magnet systems.
  • the superconducting coil together with the shielding device is configured to be disposed in a cryostat.
  • the ferromagnetic material of the shielding device is also cooled.
  • the shielding device is mounted outside the cryostat on the magnet, whereby the space temperature-warming and easily accessible shielding device can be readjusted or supplemented if necessary.
  • a development of the embodiment provides that a superconducting switch is provided for short circuit of the circuit formed by the superconducting magnet.
  • the magnet assembly can be operated in continuous operation without voltage source (persistent mode).
  • existing magnetic field arrangements can also be expanded or retrofitted with the invention shown here, which can thus be characterized by a compact design and a Distinguish cost-effective production.
  • the shielding device can be designed to compensate for field inhomogeneities that arise due to manufacturing tolerances of the superconducting magnet.
  • the field profile of the superconducting magnet is measured after its manufacture and assembly, and hereafter the shielding device is created and mounted taking into account the measurement results.
  • improved field homogeneity and field strength to be achieved can be achieved by an increased current carrying capacity j in the superconducting magnet.
  • the invention finds its use everywhere where high, particularly homogeneous magnetic fields are in use, such. B. in NMR, which is becoming increasingly important for biology, medical technology, diagnostics, materials testing and materials science.
  • the shielding device can be used in the range of high-field magnets operating in ranges beyond 30 Tesla.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a first inventive magnet arrangement with a shielding device.
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative, second embodiment of the shielding device
  • a first embodiment of a magnet assembly 1 according to the invention is shown schematically in a longitudinal section.
  • This is a superconducting coil 2, which has a plurality of coil windings 3.
  • Superconducting magnets can be made from a single continuous winding of wires so that they are integrally formed. However, in most cases, as shown in this embodiment, they are divided into sections 3a in the form of sets of windings which are connected in series. Depending on the requirement, they are arranged lengthwise one below the other or in one another.
  • the ends of these sections 3a have edges 3b, wherein in particular the free edges of flowing magnetic field can be affected. For the sake of clarity, the edges 3b in the figures are only designated by way of example. In principle, every edge that exists on a section 3a of the coil 2 should be taken into account.
  • the invention can be implemented in different embodiments, wherein all shielding devices have in common that they have a convex shape in relation to the edge in cross-section.
  • a shielding device 4 according to the invention is shown in Fig. 1, which has a U-shaped cross-section which is placed on the coil ends in a simple manner.
  • it is designed as an annular cap which has a groove 5 in its front side facing the superconducting coil 2.
  • This groove 5 is in this case dimensioned such that an end face and thus the edges 3b of the superconducting coil 2 is fully encompassed by the shielding device 4.
  • the width of the groove 5 thus corresponds to the dimension of the coil winding 3.
  • the shielding device 4 is arranged in this embodiment at both pole regions of the coil 2, so that losses of the current carrying capacity j can be compensated to both ends of the coil 2, as just at the pole areas strongly inhomogeneous magnetic field occurs.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the shielding device 4 according to the invention, wherein the shielding device 4 is shown here as an annular angle element 6.
  • the shielding device 4 is shown here as an annular angle element 6.
  • Other possible embodiments of the shielding device 4 are in addition to rectangular rings and constructions which have an acute angle, the tip of which preferably point in the z-direction. An angle is between 60 ° and 120 °; the magnetic field lines should preferably perpendicular to the shielding meet to achieve leadership of the field lines.
  • the shielding device 4 serves the purpose of being formed in a convex shape toward the edge 3b in cross section.
  • FIG. 3 shows how a first winding set 7 is covered with a first shielding device 4a at both ends.
  • a second winding set 8 and a third winding set 9 are connected in series with the first winding set 7, and in turn are each connected to a free end of a second shielding device 4b.
  • This causes a particularly reliable shielding, since intermediate areas between winding sets are not flowed through by magnetic flux. How many winding sets can be shielded together is arbitrary. It is also possible to provide two or more winding sets one above the other together with a shield 4. Important is the respective end-face arrangement on the winding sets or the complete coil 2. Instead of the cross-sectionally U-shaped shielding devices 4a, 4b again a rectangular ring construction of FIG. 2 is possible.
  • a magnet assembly 1a is shown, which is composed of two nested magnetic coils 10,11, wherein a first coil 10, an outer coil and a second coil 11 denotes the inner coil.
  • a shielding device 4c is arranged on its edges 3b .
  • the first coil 10 is formed longer than the second coil 11, resulting in a slightly different geometry of the shielding 4c.
  • the outer leg 13 overlaps with a free end of the first coil 10 to a portion which may be a few turns.
  • the inner leg 14 also overlaps one end of the first coil 10, but the overlap area is significantly larger compared to that of leg 13. With its free end, the leg 14 terminates on the inner coil 1 on the front edge 3b. An attraction of the magnetic field lines by the ferromagnetic shielding device 4c is ensured also in this case.
  • FIG. 5 shows an alternative magnet arrangement with a superconducting bar magnet 15 shown, which is used in an experimental arrangement for determining the geometric shape of the shielding device.
  • the bar magnet 15 has been connected so that the magnetic field lines flow around a narrow side surface.
  • the side surface is bounded by edges 18 which in this embodiment can be affected by the magnetic field.
  • a shielding device 17 in the form of a cap with a U-shaped cross-section made of ferromagnetic material, such as iron is placed.
  • the convex geometry of the shielding device 17 particularly effectively absorbs the magnetic field lines, that is the magnetic flux of the bar magnet 15, whereby no magnetic flux penetrates more into the corners and reduces the current carrying capacity j of the superconductor in this area.
  • the shielding devices 4 to 4c, 17 are made of iron or an iron alloy with cobalt or nickel or other ferromagnetic materials.
  • the material used should have a large hysteresis curve and a low loss function, so that a rectification of the magnetic moments, i. H. a saturation of the ferromagnet, only to very high magnetic field strengths occurs.
  • the material should be such that the highest possible flux density can be recorded before the magnetic saturation of the ferromagnet occurs.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates the operation of the shielding device using the example of the first embodiment according to Fig. 1.
  • the coil 2 is shown reduced to a winding set 3a;
  • the shielding device 4 is arranged around only one free end of the winding set 3a. The other end remains free.
  • the coil 2 is in its superconducting state and flows through current, so that a magnetic field B (shown in phantom) is generated.
  • the magnetic field B runs at high field strengths above the critical field strength of the superconducting material.
  • the field lines of the magnetic field B which run near the lower edge of the winding set 3a, tangent to the edge 3b and penetrate into the superconducting material itself.
  • the shielding device 4 attracts the field lines and guides them around the shielded end of the winding set 3a. Consequently, no magnetic flux can penetrate into this region of the superconductor. As a result, a reduction of the Stromtragfä- ability of superconducting material effectively avoided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système d'aimant comprenant un aimant supraconducteur qui sert à générer un champ magnétique homogène. Le système d'aimant comporte en outre un dispositif de blindage (4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 17) en matériau ferromagnétique et il est disposé au moins sur un segment de l'aimant supraconducteur, tangent à un bord (3b) du segment, au niveau duquel le champ magnétique est généré par l'application d'un courant électrique, le dispositif de blindage (4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 17) ayant une section transversale de forme convexe ou concave par rapport au bord (3b).
PCT/EP2013/002026 2012-07-11 2013-07-10 Système d'aimant supraconducteur WO2014009009A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012106211.0A DE102012106211A1 (de) 2012-07-11 2012-07-11 Supraleitende Magnetanordnung
DE102012106211.0 2012-07-11

Publications (1)

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WO2014009009A1 true WO2014009009A1 (fr) 2014-01-16

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PCT/EP2013/002026 WO2014009009A1 (fr) 2012-07-11 2013-07-10 Système d'aimant supraconducteur

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WO (1) WO2014009009A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105355358B (zh) * 2015-12-17 2017-05-10 四川师范大学 一种含铁磁环的超导磁体

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EP0151719A2 (fr) * 1983-12-06 1985-08-21 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie. Système magnétique pour un tomographe à résonance magnétique nucléaire
US5216568A (en) * 1988-09-08 1993-06-01 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Superconducting magnet device
DE4424580A1 (de) * 1994-07-13 1996-01-25 Bruker Analytische Messtechnik NMR-Scheibenspule
DE19922652A1 (de) 1999-05-18 2001-01-11 Bruker Analytik Gmbh Einrichtung zum Homogenisieren eines Magnetfeldes
JP2001224571A (ja) * 2000-02-15 2001-08-21 Hitachi Medical Corp 開放型超電導磁石とそれを用いた磁気共鳴イメージング装置
DE102008020107B4 (de) 2008-04-22 2011-08-25 Bruker BioSpin GmbH, 76287 Kompakte supraleitende Magnetanordnung mit aktiver Abschirmung, wobei die Abschirmspule zur Feldformung eingesetzt wird

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US7141974B2 (en) * 2003-08-25 2006-11-28 William A Edelstein Active-passive electromagnetic shielding to reduce MRI acoustic noise
JP4689984B2 (ja) * 2004-07-20 2011-06-01 株式会社ワイ・ワイ・エル 直流超伝導送電ケーブル及び送電システム
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EP0151719A2 (fr) * 1983-12-06 1985-08-21 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie. Système magnétique pour un tomographe à résonance magnétique nucléaire
US5216568A (en) * 1988-09-08 1993-06-01 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Superconducting magnet device
DE4424580A1 (de) * 1994-07-13 1996-01-25 Bruker Analytische Messtechnik NMR-Scheibenspule
DE19922652A1 (de) 1999-05-18 2001-01-11 Bruker Analytik Gmbh Einrichtung zum Homogenisieren eines Magnetfeldes
JP2001224571A (ja) * 2000-02-15 2001-08-21 Hitachi Medical Corp 開放型超電導磁石とそれを用いた磁気共鳴イメージング装置
DE102008020107B4 (de) 2008-04-22 2011-08-25 Bruker BioSpin GmbH, 76287 Kompakte supraleitende Magnetanordnung mit aktiver Abschirmung, wobei die Abschirmspule zur Feldformung eingesetzt wird

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