WO2014008986A1 - Insensitive explosive active substance - Google Patents
Insensitive explosive active substance Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014008986A1 WO2014008986A1 PCT/EP2013/001898 EP2013001898W WO2014008986A1 WO 2014008986 A1 WO2014008986 A1 WO 2014008986A1 EP 2013001898 W EP2013001898 W EP 2013001898W WO 2014008986 A1 WO2014008986 A1 WO 2014008986A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- explosive
- insensitive
- active material
- chlorinated paraffin
- material according
- Prior art date
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octogen Chemical group [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000028 HMX Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- MKWKGRNINWTHMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5,6-trinitrobenzene-1,2,3-triamine Chemical compound NC1=C(N)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1N MKWKGRNINWTHMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NDYLCHGXSQOGMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N CL-20 Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1C2N([N+]([O-])=O)C3N([N+](=O)[O-])C2N([N+]([O-])=O)C2N([N+]([O-])=O)C3N([N+]([O-])=O)C21 NDYLCHGXSQOGMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QVYSQTANFYDRPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N NC(=C([N+](=O)[O-])N)[N+](=O)[O-] Chemical group NC(=C([N+](=O)[O-])N)[N+](=O)[O-] QVYSQTANFYDRPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- FUHQFAMVYDIUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N fox-7 Chemical compound NC(N)=C([N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O FUHQFAMVYDIUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 10
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZFMQKOWCDKKBIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(3,5-difluorophenyl)phosphane Chemical compound FC1=CC(F)=CC(PC=2C=C(F)C=C(F)C=2)=C1 ZFMQKOWCDKKBIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0033—Shaping the mixture
- C06B21/0041—Shaping the mixture by compression
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
- C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
- C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
- C06B45/20—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component
- C06B45/22—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component the coating containing an organic compound
Definitions
- the invention relates to an insensitive explosive active material which requires no plasticizer and can nevertheless be realized with a high density.
- a reduction in the density of an explosive active mass reduces its performance as it detonates. It is therefore always trying to produce explosive active materials with the highest possible density.
- Known insensitive explosive compositions contain either more than 8% by weight of binder and thus have a relatively low density or contain a binder with a plasticizer, such as explosive DXP-1340, which consists of octogen, acrylate rubber and dioctyl adipate as plasticizer and which is currently the most powerful Insensitive explosives active substance is.
- the plasticizer migrates over time in the explosive active mass and out of the explosive active mass. Due to the migration of the plasticizer, the sensitivity can locally increase so that the explosive active material loses its insensitivity. Furthermore, the migration of the plasticizer changes the mechanical properties of the explosive active material. The shelf life of the explosive active mass is limited by the migration of the plasticizer.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an insensitive explosive active material which does not have the above disadvantages. It should in particular have a high density coupled with long shelf life and good compatibility with plastics. Another object is to provide an insensitive explosive active mass that can be provided with at least the same performance as DXP-1340.
- an insensitive explosive active composition comprising an explosive and a chlorinated paraffin or a mixture of a chlorinated paraffin and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as binder is provided.
- the inventors of the present invention have recognized that chloroparaffins have a large
- Chloroparaffins are fire-retardant, whereby the unwanted ignition of the explosive active material according to the invention is inhibited by heat.
- chloroparaffins have sufficient mechanical strength to act as a binder and adhere well to most materials.
- a plasticizer is not required.
- chloroparaffins are not readily volatile and not highly liquid, so that migration is ruled out.
- chloroparaffins make it possible to realize an insensitive explosive active material with very high performance because
- Chlorinated paraffins have a relatively high density.
- the performance is a function of the density and is the higher, the higher the density of an explosive active mass.
- compacts produced from the explosive active composition according to the invention have a higher mechanical strength than compacts from DXP-1340. The invention enables the provision of an insensitive
- Explosive agent without plasticizer and without the associated usually with an increased proportion of binder loss of power.
- it also enables the production of an explosive active mass with a higher density and performance than DXP-1340.
- Producing the explosive active material according to the invention by mixing the explosive with a chloroparaffin is considerably easier than producing a Explosive material with polymeric binders, because chloroparaffins are readily soluble in hydrocarbons and ethers, while the usual explosives are completely insoluble therein. This allows a simple coating of explosive particles with chloroparaffin by slurrying the explosive in a chlorinated paraffin solution and during mixing, the solvent is removed under reduced pressure.
- Chlorine paraffin dissolves immediately in the mentioned solvents.
- polymeric binders it is necessary to first prepare a solution of the polymeric binder in a solvent. This process is usually time consuming. Further time can be saved when removing the solvent.
- chloroparaffin the solvent can be removed very quickly, without the coating of the explosive particles becoming uneven and therefore the insensitivity of the resulting explosive active material can no longer be guaranteed.
- the insensitive explosive active material in one embodiment, no plasticizer is contained therein.
- the explosive active material is permanently compatible with almost all plastics. Because no plasticizer can migrate out of the explosive active mass, its composition does not change over time. He thus has a very long shelf life.
- the explosive active material according to the invention contains no further binder in addition to the chlorinated paraffin or the mixture of chlorinated paraffin and PVC.
- chloroparaffin With chloroparaffin, it is possible to provide an insensitive explosive active material with only 5 wt .-% binder, without the explosives active mass thereby significantly loses power over the explosive itself. This is because chloroparaffins have a high density and thus the entire
- Explosive effective mass is denser than, for example, with an acrylate-based binder such. B. HyTemp ® from. Zeon Europe GmbH, Germany, with a plasticizer such as dioctyl (DOA).
- DOA dioctyl
- the chloroparaffin may have a chain length of at least 14 and at most 17 C atoms. Such chloroparaffin is commonly referred to as medium molecular weight chlorinated paraffin and sold as such.
- the chloroparaffin is incompletely chlorinated. It may have a degree of chlorination in the range of from 45% to 65%, especially from 48% to 62%, especially from 48 to 58%.
- the chlorinated paraffin is contained therein in a proportion of at most 10% by weight, in particular at most 8% by weight, in particular at most 6% by weight, in particular at most 5% by weight.
- the proportion of PVC in the binder may range from 5% to 50%, more preferably 15% to 35%, more preferably 20% to 30%, by weight ,
- the explosive may be a crystalline explosive. With crystalline explosives the problem of the sensitivity and thus an unwanted ignition is particularly large. There is therefore a great need for the insensitization of these explosives.
- inventive insensitive for the inventive insensitive
- the crystalline explosives in the explosive crystals should have no cavities, as collapse of these cavities under pressure there is always the risk of accidental ignition.
- the explosive may be octogen, hexogen, nitropenta (PETN),
- Triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB), diaminodinitroethylene (FOX-7) or hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW, CL-20).
- Examples 2 to 10 represent insensitive explosive active compounds according to the invention, while Example 1 is the known explosive active material DXP-1340.
- Example 1 is the known explosive active material DXP-1340.
- Acrylic rubber Hytemp 4454 1, 0 TMD 1833 Dioctyl adipate plasticizer 3.0
- Chloroparaffin Hordaflex LC 70 4.0 TMD 1880
- Chlorine paraffin Leuna surfactants CP 140 4.0 TMD 1883
- Chlorine paraffin Leuna surfactants CP 52 liquid 4.0 TMD 1871
- Chlorine paraffin Leuna surfactants CP 135 6.0 TMD 1871
- Chlorine paraffin Leuna surfactants CP 52 liquid 6.0 TMD 1852
- Chlorine paraffin Leuna surfactants CP 52 liquid 5.0 TMD 1862
- Chlorine paraffin Leuna surfactants CP 52 liquid 7.0 TMD 1843
- TMD means "theoretical maximum density” in the unit kg / m 3 .
- Chlorine paraffin was in the above examples in each case by the company Leuna-Tenside GmbH, 06237 Leuna, Germany.
- Polyvinyl chloride was purchased from Solvay SA, Belgium and Oktogen from Nexplo Bofors AB, Karlskoga, Sweden.
- sieved 630 [im” means that the maximum size of the particles it contains is 630.
- CP is the abbreviation for chlorinated paraffin.
- Examples 2 to 10 All mixtures of Examples 2 to 10 were mixed in a 1 kilogram batch.
- the explosive octogen and the chloroparaffin were weighed into a mixer. Subsequently, about 800 ml of solvent were added.
- Suitable solvents are any solvent in which the binder can be dissolved homogeneously, but the explosive is not or at most slightly soluble.
- n-hexane was used as the solvent.
- Other solvents suitable for this purpose are, for example, dichloromethane or dichloroethane.
- tetrahydrofuran was used as the solvent.
- the gap test is a standard test for determining the insensitivity of explosive compounds or explosives.
- the height of a standardized water column is measured, which is sufficient to transmit a shock wave generated by detonation of a standard explosive charge in the water column on the explosive active mass to be examined, so that they still reliably detonated, and reliably no longer detonated.
- the values are given in mm of the water column.
- the first value under "Gap [mm]” in each case denotes the value at which the explosive active substance to be investigated reliably detonates ("GO") and a second value, the value at which the explosive active substance to be investigated no longer detonates ("NO GO "). The lower these values are, the more insensitive the explosive active mass is.
- the results of the gap test are shown in the table below.
- Example 1 1833 1810 98.7 12/13 GO / NO GO -60
- Example 2 1884 1841 97.7 16/17 GO / NO GO n. G.
- Example 3 1880 1830 97.3 18/19 GO / NO GO n. G.
- Example 4 1883 1832 97.3 19 GO n. G.
- Example 5 1871 1827 97.6 16/17 GO / NO GO -48
- Example 6 1871 1835 98.1 16/17 GO / NO GO n. G.
- Example 7 1852 1814 97.9 13/14 GO / NO GO -48
- Example 8 1862 1818 97.6 15/16 GO / NO GO -48
- Example 10 1843 1810 98.2 12/14 GO / NO GO -48 Tg means "glass transition temperature", "ng” means “not measured”. The glass transition temperature was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The detonation rates calculated for Examples 1 to 10 above
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an insensitive explosive active substance comprising an explosive and a chloroparaffin, or a mixture of chloroparaffin and polyvinyl chloride, as the binding agent.
Description
Insensitive Sprengstoffwirkmasse Insensitive explosives active substance
Die Erfindung betrifft eine insensitive Sprengstoffwirkmasse, welche keinen Weichmacher benötigt und dennoch mit einer hohen Dichte realisiert werden kann. Eine Reduktion der Dichte einer Sprengstoffwirkmasse verringert deren Leistung bei deren Detonation. Man versucht daher stets Sprengstoffwirkmassen mit möglichst hoher Dichte herzustellen. The invention relates to an insensitive explosive active material which requires no plasticizer and can nevertheless be realized with a high density. A reduction in the density of an explosive active mass reduces its performance as it detonates. It is therefore always trying to produce explosive active materials with the highest possible density.
Bekannte insensitive Sprengstoffwirkmassen enthalten entweder über 8 Gew.-% Bindemittel und weisen dadurch eine verhältnismäßig geringe Dichte auf oder sie enthalten ein Bindemittel mit einem Weichmacher, wie die Sprengstoffwirkmasse DXP-1340, die aus Oktogen, Acrylatgummi und Dioctyladipat als Weichmacher besteht und die derzeit leistungsstärkste insensitive Sprengstoffwirkmasse ist. Der Weichmacher migriert im Laufe der Zeit in der Sprengstoffwirkmasse und aus der Sprengstoffwirkmasse heraus. Durch die Migration des Weichmachers kann die Empfindlichkeit lokal so steigen, dass die Sprengstoffwirkmasse ihre Insensitivität verliert. Weiterhin verändern sich durch die Migration des Weichmachers die mechanischen Eigenschaften der Sprengstoffwirkmasse. Die Lagerfähigkeit der Sprengstoffwirkmasse wird durch die Migration des Weichmachers begrenzt. Known insensitive explosive compositions contain either more than 8% by weight of binder and thus have a relatively low density or contain a binder with a plasticizer, such as explosive DXP-1340, which consists of octogen, acrylate rubber and dioctyl adipate as plasticizer and which is currently the most powerful Insensitive explosives active substance is. The plasticizer migrates over time in the explosive active mass and out of the explosive active mass. Due to the migration of the plasticizer, the sensitivity can locally increase so that the explosive active material loses its insensitivity. Furthermore, the migration of the plasticizer changes the mechanical properties of the explosive active material. The shelf life of the explosive active mass is limited by the migration of the plasticizer.
Weiterhin zerstört der Weichmacher bei Kontakt nahezu alle bekannten Kunststoffe oder bringt sie zum Quellen. Daher muss eine Weichmacher enthaltende Sprengstoffwirkmasse immer von allen Kunststoffteilen mittels einer metallischen Diffusionssperre isoliert werden. Dies ist verhältnismäßig aufwendig. Darüber hinaus birgt die Beschädigung dieser Diffusionssperre oder ein fehlerhafter oder versehentlich nicht erfolgter Einbau der Diffusionssperre große Risiken in sich.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine insensitive Sprengstoffwirkmasse bereitzustellen, welche die obigen Nachteile nicht aufweist. Sie soll insbesondere eine hohe Dichte bei gleichzeitig langer Lagerfähigkeit und guter Verträglichkeit mit Kunststoffen aufweisen. Eine weitere Aufgabe besteht darin, eine insensitive Sprengstoffwirkmasse bereitzustellen, die mit mindestens der gleichen Leistungsstärke wie DXP-1340 bereitgestellt werden kann. Furthermore, the plasticizer destroys almost all known plastics or causes them to swell on contact. Therefore, a plasticizer-containing explosives active mass must always be isolated from all plastic parts by means of a metallic diffusion barrier. This is relatively expensive. In addition, the damage to this diffusion barrier or a faulty or accidentally failed installation of the diffusion barrier entails great risks. The object of the present invention is to provide an insensitive explosive active material which does not have the above disadvantages. It should in particular have a high density coupled with long shelf life and good compatibility with plastics. Another object is to provide an insensitive explosive active mass that can be provided with at least the same performance as DXP-1340.
Die Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den Merkmalen der Ansprüche 2 bis 10. The object is solved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the features of claims 2 to 10.
Erfindungsgemäß ist eine insensitive Sprengstoffwirkmasse umfassend einen Sprengstoff und ein Chlorparaffin oder eine Mischung aus einem Chlorparaffin und Polyvinylchlorid (PVC) als Bindemittel vorgesehen. Die Erfinder der vorliegenden Erfindung haben erkannt, dass Chlorparaffine eine großeAccording to the invention, an insensitive explosive active composition comprising an explosive and a chlorinated paraffin or a mixture of a chlorinated paraffin and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as binder is provided. The inventors of the present invention have recognized that chloroparaffins have a large
Zahl vorteilhafter Eigenschaften vereinen und damit ideal als Bindemittel für eine insensitive Sprengstoffwirkmasse geeignet sind. Chlorparaffine sind brandhemmend, wodurch die ungewollte Zündung der erfindungsgemäßen Sprengstoffwirkmasse durch Hitze gehemmt wird. Darüber hinaus weisen Chlorparaffine eine ausreichende mechanische Festigkeit auf, um als Bindemittel zu fungieren und haften hervorragend an den meisten Materialien. Wenn Chlorparaffine als Bindemittel eingesetzt werden, ist der Einsatz eines Weichmachers nicht erforderlich. Im Gegensatz zu den üblichen Weichmachern sind Chlorparaffine nicht leicht flüchtig und nicht dünnflüssig, so dass eine Migration ausgeschlossen ist. Weiterhin ermöglichen es Chlorparaffine, eine insensitive Sprengstoffwirkmasse mit sehr hoher Leistungsstärke zu realisieren, weilCombine a number of advantageous properties and are thus ideally suited as a binder for an insensitive explosive active material. Chloroparaffins are fire-retardant, whereby the unwanted ignition of the explosive active material according to the invention is inhibited by heat. In addition, chloroparaffins have sufficient mechanical strength to act as a binder and adhere well to most materials. When chloroparaffins are used as binders, the use of a plasticizer is not required. In contrast to the usual plasticizers, chloroparaffins are not readily volatile and not highly liquid, so that migration is ruled out. Furthermore, chloroparaffins make it possible to realize an insensitive explosive active material with very high performance because
Chlorparaffine eine relativ hohe Dichte aufweisen. Die Leistung ist eine Funktion der Dichte und ist umso höher, je höher die Dichte einer Sprengstoffwirkmasse ist. Weiterhin hat es sich gezeigt, dass aus der erfindungsgemäßen Sprengstoffwirkmasse hergestellte Presslinge eine höhere mechanische Festigkeit als Presslinge aus DXP-1340 aufweisen. Die Erfindung ermöglicht die Bereitstellung einer insensitivenChlorinated paraffins have a relatively high density. The performance is a function of the density and is the higher, the higher the density of an explosive active mass. Furthermore, it has been shown that compacts produced from the explosive active composition according to the invention have a higher mechanical strength than compacts from DXP-1340. The invention enables the provision of an insensitive
Sprengstoffwirkmasse ohne Weichmacher und ohne den üblicherweise mit einem erhöhten Anteil an Bindemittel einhergehenden Leistungsverlust. Insbesondere ermöglicht sie auch die Herstellung einer Sprengstoffwirkmasse mit einer höheren Dichte und Leistungsstärke als DXP-1340. Explosive agent without plasticizer and without the associated usually with an increased proportion of binder loss of power. In particular, it also enables the production of an explosive active mass with a higher density and performance than DXP-1340.
Das Herstellen der erfindungsgemäßen Sprengstoffwirkmasse durch Mischen des Sprengstoffs mit einem Chlorparaffin ist erheblich einfacher als das Herstellen einer
Sprengstoffwirkmasse mit polymeren Bindemitteln, weil Chlorparaffine in Kohlenwasserstoffen und Ether leicht löslich sind, während die üblichen Sprengstoffe darin völlig unlöslich sind. Dies ermöglicht eine einfache Beschichtung von Sprengstoffpartikeln mit Chlorparaffin, indem der Sprengstoff in eine Chlorparaffinlösung eingeschlämmt wird und während des Mischens das Lösungsmittel unter reduziertem Druck abgezogen wird. Producing the explosive active material according to the invention by mixing the explosive with a chloroparaffin is considerably easier than producing a Explosive material with polymeric binders, because chloroparaffins are readily soluble in hydrocarbons and ethers, while the usual explosives are completely insoluble therein. This allows a simple coating of explosive particles with chloroparaffin by slurrying the explosive in a chlorinated paraffin solution and during mixing, the solvent is removed under reduced pressure.
Chlorparaffin löst sich sofort in den genannten Lösungsmitteln. Bei polymeren Bindemitteln ist es dagegen erforderlich, zunächst eine Lösung des polymeren Bindemittels in einem Lösungsmittel herzustellen. Dieser Vorgang ist üblicherweise zeitaufwendig. Weitere Zeit kann beim Abziehen des Lösungsmittels eingespart werden. Im Gegensatz zu polymeren Bindemitteln kann bei Chlorparaffin das Lösungsmittel sehr schnell abgezogen werden, ohne dass dadurch die Beschichtung der Sprengstoffpartikel ungleichmäßig wird und deshalb die Insensitivität der resultierenden Sprengstoffwirkmasse nicht mehr gewährleistet werden kann. Chlorine paraffin dissolves immediately in the mentioned solvents. For polymeric binders, however, it is necessary to first prepare a solution of the polymeric binder in a solvent. This process is usually time consuming. Further time can be saved when removing the solvent. In contrast to polymeric binders, with chloroparaffin the solvent can be removed very quickly, without the coating of the explosive particles becoming uneven and therefore the insensitivity of the resulting explosive active material can no longer be guaranteed.
Bei einer Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen insensitiven Sprengstoffwirkmasse ist darin kein Weichmacher enthalten. Dadurch ist die Sprengstoffwirkmasse mit nahezu allen Kunststoffen dauerhaft verträglich. Weil dadurch kein Weichmacher aus der Sprengstoffwirkmasse herausmigrieren kann, ändert sich dessen Zusammensetzung mit der Zeit nicht. Er weist dadurch eine sehr lange Lagerfähigkeit auf. In one embodiment of the insensitive explosive active material according to the invention, no plasticizer is contained therein. As a result, the explosive active material is permanently compatible with almost all plastics. Because no plasticizer can migrate out of the explosive active mass, its composition does not change over time. He thus has a very long shelf life.
Bei einer weiteren Ausgestaltung enthält die erfindungsgemäße Sprengstoffwirkmasse neben dem Chlorparaffin oder der Mischung aus Chlorparaffin und PVC kein weiteres Bindemittel. In a further embodiment, the explosive active material according to the invention contains no further binder in addition to the chlorinated paraffin or the mixture of chlorinated paraffin and PVC.
Mit Chlorparaffin ist es möglich, eine insensitive Sprengstoffwirkmasse mit nur 5 Gew.-% Bindemittel bereitzustellen, ohne dass die Sprengstoffwirkmasse dadurch gegenüber dem Sprengstoff selbst wesentlich an Leistung verliert. Das liegt daran, dass Chlorparaffine eine hohe Dichte haben und somit die gesamteWith chloroparaffin, it is possible to provide an insensitive explosive active material with only 5 wt .-% binder, without the explosives active mass thereby significantly loses power over the explosive itself. This is because chloroparaffins have a high density and thus the entire
Sprengstoffwirkmasse dichter wird als beispielsweise mit einem Bindemittel auf Acrylatbasis, wie z. B. HyTemp® der Fa. Zeon Europe GmbH, Deutschland, mit einem Weichmacher wie Dioctyladipat (DOA). Die Leistung, d. h. der Detonationsdruck, ist in der dritten Potenz von der Dichte der Sprengstoffwirkmasse abhängig. Dadurch reicht die Erhöhung der Dichte durch ein Chlorparaffin aus, um bei der erfindungsgemäßenExplosive effective mass is denser than, for example, with an acrylate-based binder such. B. HyTemp ® from. Zeon Europe GmbH, Germany, with a plasticizer such as dioctyl (DOA). The power, ie the detonation pressure, is dependent on the density of the explosive active substance in the third power. As a result, increasing the density of a chlorinated paraffin to in the inventive
Sprengstoffwirkmasse einen Leistungsverlust durch ein Ersetzen von ansonsten vom Sprengstoff eingenommenen Volumen durch das Bindemittel zu kompensieren.
Das Chlorparaffin kann eine Kettenlänge von mindestens 14 und höchstens 17 C-Atomen aufweisen. Derartiges Chlorparaffin wird üblicherweise als Chlorparaffin mit mittlerem Molekulargewicht bezeichnet und als solches verkauft. Bei einer Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen insensitiven Sprengstoffwirkmasse ist das Chlorparaffin unvollständig chloriert. Es kann einen Chlorierungsgrad im Bereich von 45 % bis 65 %, insbesondere von 48 % bis 62 %, insbesondere von 48 bis 58 %, aufweisen. Bei einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Sprengstoffwirkmasse ist das Chlorparaffin darin mit einem Anteil von höchstens 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere höchstens 8 Gew.-%, insbesondere höchstens 6 Gew.-%, insbesondere höchstens 5 Gew.-%, enthalten. Der Anteil des PVCs in dem Bindemittel kann im Bereich von 5 Gew.-% bis 50 Gew.-%, insbesondere 15 Gew.-% bis 35 Gew.-%, insbesondere 20 Gew.-% bis 30 Gew.-%, liegen. Explosive agent to compensate for a loss of power by replacing otherwise occupied by the explosive volume by the binder. The chloroparaffin may have a chain length of at least 14 and at most 17 C atoms. Such chloroparaffin is commonly referred to as medium molecular weight chlorinated paraffin and sold as such. In one embodiment of the insensitive explosive active material according to the invention, the chloroparaffin is incompletely chlorinated. It may have a degree of chlorination in the range of from 45% to 65%, especially from 48% to 62%, especially from 48 to 58%. In a further embodiment of the explosive active material according to the invention, the chlorinated paraffin is contained therein in a proportion of at most 10% by weight, in particular at most 8% by weight, in particular at most 6% by weight, in particular at most 5% by weight. The proportion of PVC in the binder may range from 5% to 50%, more preferably 15% to 35%, more preferably 20% to 30%, by weight ,
Bei dem Sprengstoff kann es sich um einen kristallinen Sprengstoff handeln. Bei kristallinen Sprengstoffen ist das Problem der Empfindlichkeit und damit einer ungewollten Zündung besonders groß. Es besteht daher ein großer Bedarf an der Insensitivierung dieser Sprengstoffe. Für die erfindungsgemäße insensitiveThe explosive may be a crystalline explosive. With crystalline explosives the problem of the sensitivity and thus an unwanted ignition is particularly large. There is therefore a great need for the insensitization of these explosives. For the inventive insensitive
Sprengstoffwirkmasse sollten die kristallinen Sprengstoffe in den Sprengstoffkristallen keine Hohlräume aufweisen, da bei einem Kollabieren dieser Hohlräume unter Druck stets auch die Gefahr einer ungewollten Zündung besteht. Bei dem Sprengstoff kann es sich um Oktogen, Hexogen, Nitropenta (PETN),Explosive active material, the crystalline explosives in the explosive crystals should have no cavities, as collapse of these cavities under pressure there is always the risk of accidental ignition. The explosive may be octogen, hexogen, nitropenta (PETN),
Triaminotrinitrobenzol (TATB), Diaminodinitroethylen (FOX-7) oder Hexanitrohexa- azaisowurtzitan (HNIW, CL-20) handeln. Triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB), diaminodinitroethylene (FOX-7) or hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW, CL-20).
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. The invention will be explained in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments.
Die Beispiele 2 bis 10 stellen dabei erfindungsgemäße insensitive Sprengstoffwirkmassen dar, während es sich bei Beispiel 1 um die bekannte Sprengstoffwirkmasse DXP-1340 handelt.
Beispiel 1 : Examples 2 to 10 represent insensitive explosive active compounds according to the invention, while Example 1 is the known explosive active material DXP-1340. Example 1 :
Pressbare herkömmliche Sprengstoffwirkmasse DXP-1340 mit Weichmacher: Pressable conventional explosive DXP-1340 with plasticizer:
Stoff Typ Gewichtsprozent SonstigesFabric Type Weight percent Other
Acrylatgummi Hytemp 4454 1 ,0 TMD=1833 Dioctyladipat Weichmacher 3,0 Acrylic rubber Hytemp 4454 1, 0 TMD = 1833 Dioctyl adipate plasticizer 3.0
Oktogen NSO 137 gesiebt 630 pm 67,2 Octogen NSO 137 sieved 630 pm 67.2
Oktogen NSO 152 28,8 Octogen NSO 152 28,8
Beispiel 2: Example 2:
Erfindungsgemäße pressbare Sprengstoffwirkmasse ohne Weichmacher: Pressable explosives active substance without plasticizer according to the invention:
Stoff Typ Gewichtsprozent SonstigesFabric Type Weight percent Other
Chlorparaffin Leuna Tenside CP 135 4,0 T D=1884Chlorine paraffin Leuna Tenside CP 135 4.0 T D = 1884
Oktogen NSO 137 gesiebt 630 pm 67,2 Octogen NSO 137 sieved 630 pm 67.2
Oktogen NSO 152 28,8 Octogen NSO 152 28,8
Beispiel 3: Example 3:
Erfindungsgemäße pressbare Sprengstoffwirkmasse ohne Weichmacher: Pressable explosives active substance without plasticizer according to the invention:
Stoff Typ Gewichtsprozent SonstigesFabric Type Weight percent Other
Chlorparaffin Hordaflex LC 70 4,0 TMD=1880Chloroparaffin Hordaflex LC 70 4.0 TMD = 1880
Oktogen NSO 137 gesiebt 630 pm 67,2 Octogen NSO 137 sieved 630 pm 67.2
Oktogen NSO 152 28,8 Octogen NSO 152 28,8
Beispiel 4: Example 4:
Erfindungsgemäße pressbare Sprengstoffwirkmasse ohne Weichmacher: Pressable explosives active substance without plasticizer according to the invention:
Stoff Typ Gewichtsprozent SonstigesFabric Type Weight percent Other
Chlorparaffin Leuna Tenside CP 140 4,0 TMD=1883Chlorine paraffin Leuna surfactants CP 140 4.0 TMD = 1883
Oktogen NSO 137 gesiebt 630 pm 67,2 Octogen NSO 137 sieved 630 pm 67.2
Oktogen NSO 152 28,8
Beispiel 5: Octogen NSO 152 28,8 Example 5:
Erfindungsgemäße pressbare Sprengstoffwirkmasse ohne Weichmacher: Pressable explosives active substance without plasticizer according to the invention:
Stoff Typ Gewichtsprozent SonstigesFabric Type Weight percent Other
Chlorparaffin Leuna Tenside CP 52 flüssig 4,0 TMD=1871Chlorine paraffin Leuna surfactants CP 52 liquid 4.0 TMD = 1871
Oktogen NSO 137 gesiebt 630 μιττκ 67,2 Octogen NSO 137 sieved 630 μιττκ 67,2
Oktogen NSO 152 28,8 Octogen NSO 152 28,8
Beispiel 6: Example 6:
Erfindungsgemäße pressbare Sprengstoffwirkmasse ohne Weichmacher: Pressable explosives active substance without plasticizer according to the invention:
Stoff Typ Gewichtsprozent SonstigesFabric Type Weight percent Other
Chlorparaffin Leuna Tenside CP 135 6,0 TMD=1871Chlorine paraffin Leuna surfactants CP 135 6.0 TMD = 1871
Oktogen NSO 137 gesiebt 630 μιη 66,2 Octogen NSO 137 sieved 630 μιη 66.2
Oktogen NSO 152 27,8 Octogen NSO 152 27,8
Beispiel 7: Example 7:
Erfindungsgemäße pressbare Sprengstoffwirkmasse ohne Weichmacher: Pressable explosives active substance without plasticizer according to the invention:
Stoff Typ Gewichtsprozent SonstigesFabric Type Weight percent Other
Chlorparaffin Leuna Tenside CP 52 flüssig 6,0 TMD=1852Chlorine paraffin Leuna surfactants CP 52 liquid 6.0 TMD = 1852
Oktogen NSO 137 gesiebt 630 pm 66,2 Octogen NSO 137 sieved 630 pm 66.2
Oktogen NSO 152 27,8 Octogen NSO 152 27,8
Beispiel 8: Example 8:
Erfindungsgemäße pressbare Sprengstoffwirkmasse ohne Weichmacher: Pressable explosives active substance without plasticizer according to the invention:
Stoff Typ Gewichtsprozent SonstigesFabric Type Weight percent Other
Chlorparaffin Leuna Tenside CP 52 flüssig 5,0 TMD=1862Chlorine paraffin Leuna surfactants CP 52 liquid 5.0 TMD = 1862
Oktogen NSO 137 gesiebt 630 μιη 66,7 Octogen NSO 137 sieved 630 μιη 66.7
Oktogen NSO 152 28,3
Beispiel 9: Octogen NSO 152 28.3 Example 9:
Erfindungsgemäße pressbare Sprengstoffwirkmasse ohne Weichmacher: Pressable explosives active substance without plasticizer according to the invention:
Stoff Typ Gewichtsprozent SonstigesFabric Type Weight percent Other
Chlorparaffin Leuna Tenside CP 52 flüssig 4,5 T D=1857Chlorinated paraffin Leuna Tenside CP 52 liquid 4,5 T D = 1857
Polyvinylchlorid Solvin 266 SF 1 ,5 Polyvinylchloride Solvin 266 SF 1, 5
Oktogen NSO 137 gesiebt 630 Mm 66,2 Octogen NSO 137 sifted 630 mm 66.2
Oktogen NSO 152 27,8 Octogen NSO 152 27,8
Beispiel 10: Example 10:
Erfindungsgemäße pressbare Sprengstoffwirkmasse ohne Weichmacher: Pressable explosives active substance without plasticizer according to the invention:
Stoff Typ Gewichtsprozent SonstigesFabric Type Weight percent Other
Chlorparaffin Leuna Tenside CP 52 flüssig 7,0 TMD=1843Chlorine paraffin Leuna surfactants CP 52 liquid 7.0 TMD = 1843
Oktogen NSO 137 gesiebt 630 μητι 65,7 Octogen NSO 137 sieved 630 μητι 65.7
Oktogen NSO 152 27,3 Octogen NSO 152 27.3
TMD bedeutet dabei "theoretische maximale Dichte" in der Einheit kg/m3. Chlorparaffin wurde bei den obigen Beispielen jeweils von der Firma Leuna-Tenside GmbH, 06237 Leuna, Deutschland bezogen. Polyvinylchlorid wurde von Solvay SA, Belgien und Oktogen von Nexplo Bofors AB, Karlskoga, Schweden, bezogen. Bei Oktogen bedeutet "gesiebt 630 [im", dass die maximale Größe der darin enthaltenen Partikel 630 beträgt. "CP" ist jeweils die Abkürzung für Chlorparaffin. TMD means "theoretical maximum density" in the unit kg / m 3 . Chlorine paraffin was in the above examples in each case by the company Leuna-Tenside GmbH, 06237 Leuna, Germany. Polyvinyl chloride was purchased from Solvay SA, Belgium and Oktogen from Nexplo Bofors AB, Karlskoga, Sweden. For octogen, "sieved 630 [im" means that the maximum size of the particles it contains is 630. "CP" is the abbreviation for chlorinated paraffin.
Alle Mischungen der Beispiele 2 bis 10 wurden in einem 1 Kilogramm Ansatz gemischt. Der Sprengstoff Oktogen und das Chlorparaffin wurden in einen Mischer eingewogen. Anschließend wurden circa 800 ml Lösungsmittel zugegeben. Als Lösungsmittel ist jedes Lösungsmittel geeignet, in welchem sich das Bindemittel homogen auflösen lässt, der Sprengstoff aber nicht oder allenfalls geringfügig löslich ist. Im Falle der nur Chlorparaffin als Bindemittel enthaltenden Beispiele wurde n-Hexan als Lösungsmittel eingesetzt. Weitere dafür geeignete Lösungsmittel sind beispielsweise Dichlormethan oder Dichlorethan. Im Falle einer Mischung aus Chlorparaffin und PVC als Bindemittel wurde Tetrahydrofuran als Lösungsmittel eingesetzt. All mixtures of Examples 2 to 10 were mixed in a 1 kilogram batch. The explosive octogen and the chloroparaffin were weighed into a mixer. Subsequently, about 800 ml of solvent were added. Suitable solvents are any solvent in which the binder can be dissolved homogeneously, but the explosive is not or at most slightly soluble. In the case of examples containing only chloroparaffin as a binder, n-hexane was used as the solvent. Other solvents suitable for this purpose are, for example, dichloromethane or dichloroethane. In the case of a mixture of chlorinated paraffin and PVC as a binder, tetrahydrofuran was used as the solvent.
Nach 5 Minuten Mischen wurde ein Vakuum angelegt und eine Temperatur von 70°C eingestellt bis das Lösungsmittel verdunstet war. Danach wurde die
Sprengstoffwirkmasse aus dem Mischer entleert. Sie lag als leicht klebriges, weißes Pulver vor. 24 g der jeweiligen Sprengstoffwirkmasse wurden jeweils in einem Presswerkzeug zu Tabletten von 21 mm Durchmesser gepresst. Die Presslinge wurden gewogen und vermessen. Aus den erhaltenden Werten wurde die Dichte der Presslinge ermittelt. Anschließend wurden die Presslinge im sogenannten Gap-Test eingesetzt. Bei dem Gap-Test handelt es sich um einen Standardtest für die Ermittlung der Insensitivität von Sprengstoffwirkmassen oder Sprengstoffen. Dabei wird die Höhe einer standardisierten Wassersäule gemessen, die ausreicht um eine durch Detonation einer Standardsprengladung erzeugte Stoßwelle in der Wassersäule auf die zu untersuchenden Sprengstoffwirkmasse zu übertragen, so dass diese noch zuverlässig detoniert, bzw. zuverlässig nicht mehr detoniert. Die Werte sind dabei jeweils in mm der Wassersäule angegeben. Der erste Wert unter "Gap [mm]" bezeichnet dabei jeweils den Wert, bei dem die zu untersuchende Sprengstoffwirkmasse zuverlässig detoniert ("GO") und ein zweiter Wert, den Wert, bei dem die zu untersuchende Sprengstoffwirkmasse nicht mehr detoniert ("NO GO"). Je niedriger diese Werte sind, desto insensitiver ist die Sprengstoffwirkmasse. Die Ergebnisse des Gap-Tests sind in der nachfolgenden Tabelle aufgeführt. After mixing for 5 minutes, a vacuum was applied and a temperature of 70 ° C was set until the solvent had evaporated. After that, the Explosive material from the mixer emptied. It was a slightly sticky, white powder. 24 g of each explosives active material were pressed in each case in a pressing tool into tablets of 21 mm diameter. The pellets were weighed and measured. From the obtained values, the density of the pellets was determined. Subsequently, the compacts were used in the so-called gap test. The gap test is a standard test for determining the insensitivity of explosive compounds or explosives. In this case, the height of a standardized water column is measured, which is sufficient to transmit a shock wave generated by detonation of a standard explosive charge in the water column on the explosive active mass to be examined, so that they still reliably detonated, and reliably no longer detonated. The values are given in mm of the water column. The first value under "Gap [mm]" in each case denotes the value at which the explosive active substance to be investigated reliably detonates ("GO") and a second value, the value at which the explosive active substance to be investigated no longer detonates ("NO GO "). The lower these values are, the more insensitive the explosive active mass is. The results of the gap test are shown in the table below.
Tabelle 1 Table 1
Stoff TMD Dichte % TMD Gapfmm] Ergebnis Tg/°C Fabric TMD Density% TMD Gapfmm] Result Tg / ° C
[kg/m3] [kg/m3] [kg / m 3 ] [kg / m 3 ]
Beispiel 1 1833 1810 98,7 12/13 GO/NO GO -60 Example 1 1833 1810 98.7 12/13 GO / NO GO -60
Beispiel 2 1884 1841 97,7 16/17 GO/NO GO n. g.Example 2 1884 1841 97.7 16/17 GO / NO GO n. G.
Beispiel 3 1880 1830 97,3 18/19 GO/NO GO n. g.Example 3 1880 1830 97.3 18/19 GO / NO GO n. G.
Beispiel 4 1883 1832 97,3 19 GO n. g.Example 4 1883 1832 97.3 19 GO n. G.
Beispiel 5 1871 1827 97,6 16/17 GO/NO GO -48Example 5 1871 1827 97.6 16/17 GO / NO GO -48
Beispiel 6 1871 1835 98,1 16/17 GO/NO GO n. g.Example 6 1871 1835 98.1 16/17 GO / NO GO n. G.
Beispiel 7 1852 1814 97,9 13/14 GO/NO GO -48Example 7 1852 1814 97.9 13/14 GO / NO GO -48
Beispiel 8 1862 1818 97,6 15/16 GO/NO GO -48Example 8 1862 1818 97.6 15/16 GO / NO GO -48
Beispiel 9 1857 1801 97,0 16 GO -48Example 9 1857 1801 97.0 16 GO-48
Beispiel 10 1843 1810 98,2 12/14 GO/NO GO -48
Tg bedeutet dabei "Glasübergangstemperatur", "n. g." bedeutet "nicht gemessen". Die Glasübergangstemperatur wurde mittels dynamischer Differenz-Kalorimetrie (DSC) gemessen. Die für die obigen Beispiele 1 bis 10 berechneten DetonationsgeschwindigkeitenExample 10 1843 1810 98.2 12/14 GO / NO GO -48 Tg means "glass transition temperature", "ng" means "not measured". The glass transition temperature was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The detonation rates calculated for Examples 1 to 10 above
(D[m/s]) und die Detonationsdrücke (p[GPa]) bei den tatsächlich ermittelten und aus der obigen Tabelle ersichtlichen Dichten sind aus der nachfolgenden Tabelle ersichtlich. (D [m / s]) and the detonation pressures (p [GPa]) at the densities actually determined and apparent from the above table are shown in the table below.
Tabelle 2 Table 2
Stoff D [m/s] P [GPa] Substance D [m / s] P [GPa]
Beispiel 1 8950 33,0 Example 1 8950 33.0
Beispiel 2 8960 34,1 Example 2 8960 34.1
Beispiel 3 8920 33,6 Example 3 8920 33.6
Beispiel 4 8930 33,7 Example 4 8930 33.7
Beispiel 5 8930 33,6 Example 5 8930 33.6
Beispiel 6 8850 33,7 Example 6 8850 33.7
Beispiel 7 8810 32,8 Example 7 8810 32.8
Beispiel 8 8860 33,1 Example 8 8860 33.1
Beispiel 9 8750 32,2 Example 9 8750 32.2
Beispiel 10 8760 32,6
Example 10 8760 32.6
Claims
Insensitive Sprengstoffwirkmasse umfassend einen Sprengstoff und ein Chlorparaffin oder eine Mischung aus einem Chlorparaffin und Polyvinylchlorid (PVC) als Bindemittel. Insensitive active explosive composition comprising an explosive and a chlorinated paraffin or a mixture of a chlorinated paraffin and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as a binder.
Insensitive Sprengstoffwirkmasse nach Anspruch 1 , Insensitive explosive active material according to claim 1,
wobei darin kein Weichmacher enthalten ist. it does not contain any plasticizer.
Insensitive Sprengstoffwirkmasse nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei darin neben dem Chlorparaffin oder der Mischung aus Chlorparaffin und PVC kein weiteres Bindemittel enthalten ist. Insensitive explosive active material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein it does not contain any other binder apart from the chlorinated paraffin or the mixture of chlorinated paraffin and PVC.
Insensitive Sprengstoffwirkmasse nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Chlorparaffin eine Kettenlänge von mindestens 14 und höchstens 17 C-Atomen aufweist. Insensitive explosive active material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the chlorinated paraffin has a chain length of at least 14 and at most 17 carbon atoms.
Insensitive Sprengstoffwirkmasse nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Chlorparaffin unvollständig chloriert ist. Insensitive explosive active material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the chlorinated paraffin is incompletely chlorinated.
Insensitive Sprengstoffwirkmasse nach Anspruch 5, Insensitive explosive active material according to claim 5,
wobei das Chlorparaffin einen Chlorierungsgrad im Bereich von 45 % bis 65 %, insbesondere von 48 % bis 62 %, insbesondere von 48 % bis 58 %, aufweist. wherein the chlorinated paraffin has a degree of chlorination in the range from 45% to 65%, in particular from 48% to 62%, in particular from 48% to 58%.
Insensitive Sprengstoffwirkmasse nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Chlorparaffin darin mit einem Anteil von höchstens 10 Gew.-%, insbesondere höchstens 8 Gew.-%, insbesondere höchstens 6 Gew.-%, insbesondere höchstens 5 Gew.-%, enthalten ist. Insensitive explosive active material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the chlorinated paraffin is contained therein in a proportion of at most 10% by weight, in particular at most 8% by weight, in particular at most 6% by weight, in particular at most 5% by weight.
Insensitive Sprengstoffwirkmasse nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das PVC in dem Bindemittel mit einem Anteil im Bereich von 5 Gew.-% bis 50 Gew.-% enthalten ist.
Insensitive explosive active material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the PVC is contained in the binder in a proportion in the range of 5% by weight to 50% by weight.
9. Insensitive Sprengstoffwirkmasse nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Sprengstoff ein kristalliner Sprengstoff ist. 9. Insensitive explosive active material according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the explosive is a crystalline explosive.
10. Insensitive Sprengstoffwirkmasse nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Sprengstoff Oktogen, Hexogen, Nitropenta (PETN), Triaminotrinitrobenzol (TATB), Diaminodinitroethylen (FOX-7) oder Hexanitroisowurtzitan (CL-20) ist.
10. Insensitive explosive active substance according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the explosive is octogen, hexogen, nitropenta (PETN), triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB), diaminodinitroethylene (FOX-7) or hexanitroisowurtzitan (CL-20).
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US5540794A (en) * | 1992-05-11 | 1996-07-30 | Thiokol Corporation | Energetic binder and thermoplastic elastomer-based low vulnerability ammunition gun propellants with improved mechanical properties |
WO2002048641A1 (en) * | 2000-12-13 | 2002-06-20 | The Secretary Of State For Defence | Infra-red emitting decoy flare |
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2013
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US3169935A (en) * | 1961-06-26 | 1965-02-16 | Ici Ltd | Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride plastic compositions containing chlorinated paraffinic hydrocarbon plasticizers |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102012013961A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
EP2872464A1 (en) | 2015-05-20 |
EP2872464B1 (en) | 2018-05-30 |
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