EP0528392B1 - Application of beta-octogen with polymodal particle size distribution - Google Patents

Application of beta-octogen with polymodal particle size distribution Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0528392B1
EP0528392B1 EP92113959A EP92113959A EP0528392B1 EP 0528392 B1 EP0528392 B1 EP 0528392B1 EP 92113959 A EP92113959 A EP 92113959A EP 92113959 A EP92113959 A EP 92113959A EP 0528392 B1 EP0528392 B1 EP 0528392B1
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octogen
weight
beta
explosive
propellant
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0528392A1 (en
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Klaus Dr. Redecker
Wolfgang Spranger
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Dynamit Nobel AG
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Dynamit Nobel AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
    • C06B25/34—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being a nitrated acyclic, alicyclic or heterocyclic amine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/04—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive
    • C06B45/06—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component
    • C06B45/10—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising solid particles dispersed in solid solution or matrix not used for explosives where the matrix consists essentially of nitrated carbohydrates or a low molecular organic explosive the solid solution or matrix containing an organic component the organic component containing a resin
    • C06B45/105—The resin being a polymer bearing energetic groups or containing a soluble organic explosive

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of beta-octogenes with a polymodal grain size distribution with an average grain diameter of less than 50 ⁇ m in blowing agents.
  • octogen is known to mean 1.3.5.7-tetranitro-1.3.5.7-tetrazacylooctane or cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine.
  • This compound is also known as HMX (High Melting Explosive of His Majesty's Explosive).
  • HMX High Melting Explosive of His Majesty's Explosive.
  • Four crystal modifications of this compound are known, namely the orthorhombic alpha form, the monoclinic beta form, the monoclinic gamma form and the hexagonally crystallizing delta form.
  • the use of the beta form is described in the context of the present invention.
  • This form is the common modification, the quality control of which is described in Military Specification MIL-H-45444 B (PA), Amendment 1.15 July 1975. A distinction is made between purity levels A and B.
  • beta-octogen has been used in the prior art as the sole explosive in passivated form, as a booster charge, in mixtures with TNT (octols) and others, and as an explosive in rocket propellants or in gun propellants.
  • TNT octols
  • the known areas of application thus relate to both detonative and explosive implementations or deflagrations.
  • Detonative is known to mean reactions that take place significantly below the speed of sound in the material. The reactions propagate through the heat of reaction released. The reaction products flow opposite to the direction of propagation. In contrast, the detonative implementation of an explosive is known to be coupled with a shock wave when it reacts.
  • the combustion of a propellant powder is a deflagration process.
  • the determination of the burning rate can be used as a suitable measurement variable.
  • the linear burning rate of a propellant is the rate at which the chemical reaction proceeds from the point of ignition. It depends on the composition, pressure, temperature, the physical state of the blowing agent and its shape.
  • the physical state of the blowing agent in this sense includes in particular the porosity, compression and the grain size and grain size distribution of the components.
  • Such dependencies are described in the literature when beta-octogen is used as an energy source for blowing agents.
  • the Technical Memorandum 33-801 with the title "Nitramine Propellant Research” of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena CA, October 15, 1976, the internal ballistics of fine-grained beta-octogen is examined. over the dependence of the linear burning speed on the muzzle pressure is reported (in German translation): "The use of fine grain size should be an effective step in postponing the occurrence of breakpoints," noticeable by a sudden sharp increase in muzzle pressures, "with nitramine propellants.
  • the breaking point of the 20 ⁇ m particles occurs at 280 bar (4000 psi), that of the 10 ⁇ m particles at 420 bar (6000 psi) and that of the 5 ⁇ m particles at 1380 bar (20,000 psi).
  • the effects of the 10 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m particles are greater than their low concentration (a total of 17%) could be expected, because of their deep penetration during combustion on the surface structure of the propellant.
  • a real blowing agent would show an extended transition instead of a step-like transition. From this it follows that, if appropriate procedures are followed, coarse particles in the batches have to be sieved out in order to obtain fine octogen. This is of greater importance with blowing agents containing inert binders than with blowing agents containing active binders because of the moderate combustion of the blowing agents by active binders.
  • the slope of the pressure exponent can be determined from the curves measured in this way.
  • an excessively steep pressure rise is undesirable. From studies by the German-French Research Institute, St. Louis, it is known that the following applies to nitramine powders based on hexogen: the finer the grain, the lower the pressure exponent of the burning rate and the burning rate itself.
  • the grain size of the hexogen is from 4 to 15 ⁇ m a pressure exponent ⁇ 1 is reached.
  • the maximum pressures of more than 6000 bar are too high.
  • DE 36 14 173 C1 discloses a granulated beta-octogen with a grain size of less than 50 ⁇ m, which is coated with plastics.
  • the object of the present invention was to find an octogen with a suitable grain shape, grain size and grain size distribution to prevent the jumps in the curves of the linear burning speed against the pressure.
  • the pressure exponent of the burning rate should be ⁇ 1.
  • the object of the present invention was to reduce the pressure rise gradient and the maximum pressure in the cartridge chamber compared to the prior art.
  • the above-mentioned object is achieved by the use of beta-octogenes with a polymodal grain size distribution with an average grain diameter of less than 50 ⁇ m in blowing agents made from explosives, inert and active binders.
  • Polymodal grain size distribution in the sense of the present invention means a grain size spectrum, as can be represented in particular by a Gaussian distribution curve.
  • the production of particularly fine-grained beta-octogen is known from DE 36 17 408 C1. After that, a solution of beta-octogen in a gamma-lactone in the temperature range between 5 and 15 ° C with Toluene treated, the desired fine and very fine beta-octogen crystals precipitate in high purity.
  • the very fine beta-octogen can be slurried in water after being separated from the toluene and the solution, suspension or emulsion of a polymer can be added at temperatures between 30 and 60 ° C. with stirring. A coating with the polymer takes place.
  • beta-octogen grain Another method for producing the very fine beta-octogen grain consists in comminuting a commercially available product as classified according to MIL-H-45444 B.
  • the grain sizes range from about 45 ⁇ m to a few hundred ⁇ m.
  • the crushing of the crystals by grinding encounters great difficulties, however, since beta-octogen is extremely sensitive to friction and impact. This process can therefore only be carried out under special safety precautions in appropriate devices.
  • Another method for producing a particularly fine-grained beta-octogen consists in the separation of the desired grain fractions.
  • the starting product can come from normal production or from the comminution reaction described above.
  • the separation methods are known per se.
  • the advantage of a granulation according to the present invention is the use of hydrocyclones. It goes without saying that a particularly fine grain size makes up only a fraction of the mass used, which makes the process itself more expensive.
  • the particular advantage of the direct production of fine grain size is that the crystals from the crystallization are intact compared to those from the crushing process.
  • a preferred active binder for the purposes of the present invention is polynitrophenylene.
  • nitrocellulose can also be used as an active binder.
  • beta-octogen according to the present invention is to use it in blowing agents which contain hexogen, guanidine nitrate, hexanitrodiphenylamine, dipicrylsulfone, hexanitrostilbene and / or tetranitrodibenzo-1,3a-4,6a-tetraazapentalene as further explosives.
  • Propellants according to the invention contain not only active but also inactive binders. This includes in particular those based on plastics. Since, in addition to reducing the detonation sensitivity, the use of binders also entails solidification of the crystal powder, good adhesive properties and good dimensional stability in the temperature range from -40 ° C. to +70 ° C. are desirable. In addition, the binders should be halogen-free and should give little solid combustion products.
  • Preferred binders are those based on polyurethanes, polymethylacrylates, polyvinyl acetates, silicone and polyvinyl alcohols, in particular partially or fully acetalized polyvinyl alcohols with C1 to C5 aldehydes, which are commercially available per se.
  • the polyvinyl butyral resin, which is commercially available, is of particular importance here.
  • the Art and the amount of binder depends on the desired application, in particular for controlling the internal ballistics according to the shape.
  • the amount of active and inert binder is in each case independently of one another 5 to 15% by weight, based on the blowing agent.
  • blowing agents obtainable with the aid of the invention can also contain plasticizers, lubricants and / or stabilizers known per se in the prior art.
  • blowing agents can be used in loose or compressed form. According to the invention, blowing agents are preferably used in compressed form.
  • beta-octogen in explosives, inert and active binders is not critical.
  • beta-octogen can be used in the above-mentioned blowing agents without further aftertreatment.
  • a particular embodiment of the present invention consists, however, in coating the crystals of beta-octogen with thermoplastic polymers before use in the blowing agents mentioned.
  • beta-octogen with an average grain size of less than 50 ⁇ m is to be used according to the present invention, it is particularly preferred that at least 95% of the beta-octogen have an average grain size of less than 100 ⁇ m.
  • the invention is illustrated by the following examples and comparative examples.
  • the propellant was processed into cartridges. Neither the heat of explosion of the propellant nor its mass nor the ignition system of the cartridge were changed compared to the comparative example. The bombardment results were determined with a gas pressure meter. The propellant powder mass was 1.61 g in each case. Table I below shows the data obtained. Table I Example No. See.
  • Table II below shows the grain size spectrum of the beta-octogen with an average grain size of 23 ⁇ m.
  • Table II Particle size distribution beta-octogen, average particle size 23 ⁇ m. ⁇ 10 ⁇ m 6.5% by weight 10 - 20 ⁇ m 46.5% by weight 20 - 30 ⁇ m 27.0% by weight 30 - 40 ⁇ m 10.0% by weight 40 - 50 ⁇ m 4.0% by weight 50 - 60 ⁇ m 2.5% by weight 60 - 80 ⁇ m 3.5% by weight 100% by weight
  • the composition of the blowing agents from Examples 5 and 6 was identical except for the difference in the octogen grain sizes of 23 and 9 ⁇ m.
  • the latter has a grain size distribution similar to that of the octogen with an average grain size of 23 ⁇ m.
  • the manufacture of the cartridges, their propellant masses, dimensions and the ignition systems were identical.
  • the results are averages from 10 rounds.
  • the bombardment result makes it clear that, despite the same energy content, the pressure rise gradient when using an average beta-octogen grain size of 9 ⁇ m is clearly below that for 23 ⁇ m.
  • a blowing agent with the same proportion of energy source but here consisting of beta-octogen with an average grain size of 6 microns, inert and active binders were mixed in the same composition and cartridges were produced from this mixture using the same method with an identical ignition system .
  • Table V The results of 30 rounds in the same gas pressure meter as used for Examples 1 to 4 and the comparative example, with a propellant powder mass of 1.64 g, are shown in the following Table V, which contains the averaged results: Table V Max. Pressure (bar) 2570 Standard dev. (bar) 556 Shot time (milli-s) 7.2 Bullet speed (m / s) 766

Description

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Verwendung von beta-Oktogen mit einer polymodalen Korngrößenverteilung mit einem mittleren Korndurchmesser von weniger als 50 µm in Treibmitteln.The present invention relates to the use of beta-octogenes with a polymodal grain size distribution with an average grain diameter of less than 50 μm in blowing agents.

Unter dem Begriff "Oktogen" versteht man bekanntermaßen das 1.3.5.7-Tetranitro-1.3.5.7-tetrazacylooctan oder auch Cyclotetramethylentetranitramin. Diese Verbindung ist auch unter der Bezeichnung HMX (High Melting Explosive of His Majesty's Explosive) bekannt. Von dieser Verbindung sind vier Kristallmodifikationen bekannt, nämlich die orthorhombische alpha-Form, die monokline beta-Form, die monokline gamma-Form und die hexagonal kristallisierende delta-Form. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung wird eine Verwendung der beta-Form beschrieben. Diese Form ist die gebräuchliche Modifikation, deren Qualitätskontrolle in der Military Specification MIL-H-45444 B (PA), Amendment 1,15 July 1975, beschrieben wird. Hierbei werden die Reinheitsgrade A und B unterschieden. Darüber hinaus erfolgt die Unterscheidung der Korngrößen nach mehreren Klassen.
beta-Oktogen wird bisher im Stand der Technik als alleiniger Explosivstoff in passivierter Form, als Booster-Ladung, in Mischungen mit TNT (Oktole) und anderen sowie als Explosivstoff in Raketenfesttreibstoffen oder in Rohrwaffentreibmitteln verwendet. Die bekannten Einsatzgebiete betreffen somit sowohl detonative als auch explosive Umsetzungen oder Deflagrationen.The term "octogen" is known to mean 1.3.5.7-tetranitro-1.3.5.7-tetrazacylooctane or cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine. This compound is also known as HMX (High Melting Explosive of His Majesty's Explosive). Four crystal modifications of this compound are known, namely the orthorhombic alpha form, the monoclinic beta form, the monoclinic gamma form and the hexagonally crystallizing delta form. The use of the beta form is described in the context of the present invention. This form is the common modification, the quality control of which is described in Military Specification MIL-H-45444 B (PA), Amendment 1.15 July 1975. A distinction is made between purity levels A and B. In addition, the grain sizes are differentiated according to several classes.
To date, beta-octogen has been used in the prior art as the sole explosive in passivated form, as a booster charge, in mixtures with TNT (octols) and others, and as an explosive in rocket propellants or in gun propellants. The known areas of application thus relate to both detonative and explosive implementations or deflagrations.

Unter "Deflagration" versteht man bekanntermaßen Reaktionen, die wesentlich unterhalb der Schallgeschwindigkeit im Stoff ablaufen. Die Reaktionen pflanzen sich durch die freiwerdende Reaktionswärme fort. Die Umsetzungsprodukte strömen dabei entgegengesetzt zur Fortpflanzungsrichtung ab. Im Gegensatz dazu ist bekanntermaßen die detonative Umsetzung eines Explosivstoffes bei seiner Reaktion mit einer Stoßwelle gekoppelt."Deflagration" is known to mean reactions that take place significantly below the speed of sound in the material. The reactions propagate through the heat of reaction released. The reaction products flow opposite to the direction of propagation. In contrast, the detonative implementation of an explosive is known to be coupled with a shock wave when it reacts.

Für den Einsatz eines Explosivstoffes als Rohrwaffentreibmittel, insbesondere in Handfeuerwaffen, muß eine detonative Umsetzung ausgeschlossen werden können:
Der Abbrand eines Treibladungspulvers ist ein Deflagiervorgang. Als geeignete Meßgröße kann hierbei unter anderem die Bestimmung der Abbrandgeschwindigkeit herangezogen werden. Die lineare Brenngeschwindigkeit eines Treibmittels ist dabei die Geschwindigkeit, mit der die chemische Umsetzung von der Anzündstelle fortschreitet. Sie ist abhängig von Zusammensetzung, Druck, Temperatur, dem physikalischen Zustand des Treibmittels und seiner Form.For the use of an explosive as a gun weapon, especially in handguns, a detonative implementation must be excluded:
The combustion of a propellant powder is a deflagration process. The determination of the burning rate can be used as a suitable measurement variable. The linear burning rate of a propellant is the rate at which the chemical reaction proceeds from the point of ignition. It depends on the composition, pressure, temperature, the physical state of the blowing agent and its shape.

Der physikalische Zustand des Treibmittels in diesem Sinne umfaßt insbesondere die Porosität, Verdichtung und die Korngröße und Korngrößenverteilung der Komponenten. Beim Einsatz von beta-Oktogen als Energieträger von Treibmitteln werden solche Abhängigkeiten in der Literatur beschrieben. Im Technical Memorandum 33-801 mit dem Titel "Nitramine Propellant Research" des Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena CA, 15. Oktober 1976, wird die Innenballistik von feinkörnigem beta-Oktogen untersucht. Über die Abhängigkeit der linearen Brenngeschwindigkeit vom Mündungsdruck wird berichtet (in deutscher Übersetzung):
   "Die Verwendung einer feinen Korngröße sollte ein wirksamer Schritt zur Verschiebung des Auftretens von Bruchpunkten, "erkennbar an plötzlichem starken Anstieg der Mündungsdrucke", bei Nitramin-Treibmitteln sein. Jedoch erfordert die tatsächliche Ausführung dieses Schrittes, daß Treibmittel in ihrer Feinheit begrenzt sein müssen. Wenn das Treibmittel nur 5 µm-Oktogen enthält, erscheint der Bruchpunkt nicht unterhalb von ca. 2400 bar (35000 psi). In der Realität werden aber Chargen von Oktogen Größenverteilungen aufweisen. Beispielsweise wird von einer Charge Oktogen mit einem Hauptdurchmesser von 5 µm berichtet, daß diese Teilchen vom Sub-Mikron-Bereich bis hinauf zu 50 µm enthielt, sofern nicht sorgfältig gesiebt wurde. Eine derartige Größenverteilung wird im Modell durch eine tetramodale Verteilung von ungleichen Mengen von 1 µm, 5 µm, 10 µm und 20 µm Oktogen erreicht.
   Der Bruchpunkt der 20 µm-Teilchen tritt bei 280 bar (4000 psi), der der 10 µm-Teilchen bei 420 bar (6000 psi) und der der 5 µm-Teilchen bei 1380 bar (20000 psi) auf. Die Wirkungen der 10 µm- und 20 µm-Teilchen sind größer als ihre geringe Konzentration (insgesamt 17 %) erwarten ließ, wegen ihres tiefen Eindringens bei der Verbrennung auf der Oberflächenstruktur des Treibmittels. Für eine glatte (kontinuierliche) Größenverteilung würde ein reales Treibmittel einen verlängerten Übergang anstelle eines stufenartigen Übergangs zeigen. Hieraus folgt, daß bei Befolgung entsprechender Verfahren grobe Teilchen in den Partien auszusieben sind, um feines Oktogen zu erhalten. Dies ist von größerer Bedeutung bei inerten Bindemitteln enthaltenden Treibmitteln als bei aktiven Bindemitteln enthaltenden Treibmitteln wegen der Mäßigung der Verbrennung der Treibmittel durch aktive Bindemittel."The physical state of the blowing agent in this sense includes in particular the porosity, compression and the grain size and grain size distribution of the components. Such dependencies are described in the literature when beta-octogen is used as an energy source for blowing agents. In the Technical Memorandum 33-801 with the title "Nitramine Propellant Research" of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena CA, October 15, 1976, the internal ballistics of fine-grained beta-octogen is examined. over the dependence of the linear burning speed on the muzzle pressure is reported (in German translation):
"The use of fine grain size should be an effective step in postponing the occurrence of breakpoints," noticeable by a sudden sharp increase in muzzle pressures, "with nitramine propellants. However, actually performing this step requires that propellants be limited in fineness. If the propellant contains only 5 µm octogen, the break point does not appear below about 2400 bar (35000 psi). In reality batches of octogen will have size distributions. For example, a batch of octogen with a main diameter of 5 µm is reported, that these particles contained from the sub-micron range up to 50 µm unless carefully sieved, such a size distribution is achieved in the model by a tetramodal distribution of unequal quantities of 1 µm, 5 µm, 10 µm and 20 µm octogenes.
The breaking point of the 20 µm particles occurs at 280 bar (4000 psi), that of the 10 µm particles at 420 bar (6000 psi) and that of the 5 µm particles at 1380 bar (20,000 psi). The effects of the 10 µm and 20 µm particles are greater than their low concentration (a total of 17%) could be expected, because of their deep penetration during combustion on the surface structure of the propellant. For a smooth (continuous) size distribution, a real blowing agent would show an extended transition instead of a step-like transition. From this it follows that, if appropriate procedures are followed, coarse particles in the batches have to be sieved out in order to obtain fine octogen. This is of greater importance with blowing agents containing inert binders than with blowing agents containing active binders because of the moderate combustion of the blowing agents by active binders.

Hiernach erscheint ein unerwünschter Sprung bei der Betrachtung der Kurve der Bruchpunkte bereits bei einer Korngröße von 5 µm, so daß hieraus ersichtlich ist, daß beta-Oktogen mit einer derart geringen Korngröße für die Anwendung in Treibmitteln ungeeignet ist. Nachdem sogar bei der tetramodalen Verteilung ebenfalls derartige Bruchpunkte schon bei relativ niedrigen Drucken auftauchen, erscheint die Verwendung von beta-Oktogen in Rohrwaffentreibmitteln ausgeschlossen.After this, an undesirable jump appears when looking at the curve of the breakpoints even with a grain size of 5 μm, so that it can be seen from this that beta-octogen with such a small grain size is unsuitable for use in blowing agents. Since even with the tetramodal distribution such breakpoints also appear at relatively low pressures, the use of beta-octogen in gun propellants appears to be excluded.

Die Herstellung von Teilchen mit einer eng begrenzten, praktisch unimodalen Korngrößenverteilung ist außerordentlich aufwendig und kann nur durch aufwendige Sieboperationen erreicht werden. Aus dem Memorandum läßt sich zwar entnehmen, daß das Auftreten der Bruchpunkte offenbar durch die Anwesenheit eines aktiven Binders gemildert werden kann. Brauchbare Ergebnisse werden jedoch auch hier nicht erhalten.The production of particles with a narrowly limited, practically unimodal grain size distribution is extremely complex and can only be achieved by complex sieving operations. From the memorandum it can be seen that the occurrence of the breakpoints can apparently be mitigated by the presence of an active binder. However, usable results are not obtained here either.

Aus den so gemessenen Kurven läßt sich anhand der Steigung der Druckexponent ermitteln. Für Rohrwaffentreibmittel ist, wie oben ausgeführt, ein allzu steiler Druckanstieg unerwünscht. Aus Untersuchungen des Deutsch-Französischen Forschungsinstituts, St. Louis, ist bekannt, daß bei Nitraminpulvern auf der Basis von Hexogen gilt: Je feiner das Korn, umso niedriger der Druckexponent der Abbrandgeschwindigkeit und die Abbrandgeschwindigkeit selbst. Hierbei wird bei Korngrößen des Hexogens von 4 bis 15 µm ein Druckexponent < 1 erreicht. Trotz Verringerung des Druckanstiegsgradienten sind jedoch die maximalen Drucke mit mehr als 6000 bar zu hoch. (Bericht S-R 906/83, H.H. Licht, A. Baumann, St. Louis, 13.04.1983, S. 11).The slope of the pressure exponent can be determined from the curves measured in this way. For pipe gun propellants, as explained above, an excessively steep pressure rise is undesirable. From studies by the German-French Research Institute, St. Louis, it is known that the following applies to nitramine powders based on hexogen: the finer the grain, the lower the pressure exponent of the burning rate and the burning rate itself. The grain size of the hexogen is from 4 to 15 µm a pressure exponent <1 is reached. Despite the decrease in the pressure rise gradient, the maximum pressures of more than 6000 bar are too high. (Report S-R 906/83, H.H. Licht, A. Baumann, St. Louis, April 13, 1983, p. 11).

Aus der DE 36 14 173 C1 ist ein granuliertes beta-Oktogen mit einer Korngröße von weniger als 50 µm bekannt, das mit Kunststoffen umhüllt ist.DE 36 14 173 C1 discloses a granulated beta-octogen with a grain size of less than 50 μm, which is coated with plastics.

Aus US-A-3,959,042 ist die Verwendung von beta-Oktogen (HMX) in Treibmitteln bekannt, das in eine Lösung eines inaktiven Binders eingebracht wird.From US-A-3,959,042 the use of beta-octogen (HMX) in blowing agents is known, which is introduced into a solution of an inactive binder.

Die DE 27 53 555 C1 beschreibt unter anderem die Verwendung von beta-Oktogen in Verbindung mit hohen Anteilen an aktiven Bindern, die begleitet sind von hohen Anteilen an inaktiven Bindern und Füllstoffen. Angaben über die Korngröße oder die Korngrößenverteilung des eingesetzten beta-Oktogens werden nicht offenbart.DE 27 53 555 C1 describes, among other things, the use of beta-octogen in conjunction with high levels of active binders, which are accompanied by high levels of inactive binders and fillers. Information about the grain size or the grain size distribution of the beta-octogen used is not disclosed.

Die DE 36 17 408 C1 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von feinkörnigem beta-Oktogen.DE 36 17 408 C1 describes a process for the production of fine-grained beta-octogen.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung bestand in der Suche nach einem Oktogen mit geeigneter Kornform, Korngröße und Korngrößenverteilung zur Verhinderung der Sprünge in den Kurven der linearen Brenngeschwindigkeit gegen den Druck. Darüber hinaus sollte der Druckexponent der Abbrandgeschwindigkeit < 1 betragen. Weiterhin bestand die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung in einer Verringerung des Druckanstiegsgradienten und des maximalen Druckes im Patronenlager gegenüber dem Stand der Technik.The object of the present invention was to find an octogen with a suitable grain shape, grain size and grain size distribution to prevent the jumps in the curves of the linear burning speed against the pressure. In addition, the pressure exponent of the burning rate should be <1. Furthermore, the object of the present invention was to reduce the pressure rise gradient and the maximum pressure in the cartridge chamber compared to the prior art.

Die vorstehend genannte Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Verwendung von beta-Oktogen mit einer polymodalen Korngrößenverteilung mit einem mittleren Korndurchmesser von weniger als 50 µm in Treibmitteln aus Explosivstoffen, inerten und aktiven Bindemitteln.The above-mentioned object is achieved by the use of beta-octogenes with a polymodal grain size distribution with an average grain diameter of less than 50 μm in blowing agents made from explosives, inert and active binders.

Polymodale Korngrößenverteilung im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung bedeutet ein Korngrößenspektrum, wie es insbesondere durch eine Gauß-Verteilungskurve dargestellt werden kann. Die Herstellung von besonders feinkörnigem beta-Oktogen ist aus der DE 36 17 408 C1 bekannt. Hiernach wird eine Lösung von beta-Oktogen in einem gamma-Lacton im Temperaturbereich zwischen 5 und 15 °C mit Toluol behandelt, wobei die gewünschten feinen und sehr feinen beta-Oktogenkristalle in hoher Reinheit ausfallen. Zur Verhinderung des Kornwachstums kann das sehr feine beta-Oktogen nach seiner Abtrennung aus dem Toluol in Wasser aufgeschlämmt und bei Temperaturen zwischen 30 und 60 °C mit der Lösung, Suspension oder Emulsion eines Polymeren unter Rühren versetzt werden. Dabei findet eine Umhüllung mit dem Polymeren statt.Polymodal grain size distribution in the sense of the present invention means a grain size spectrum, as can be represented in particular by a Gaussian distribution curve. The production of particularly fine-grained beta-octogen is known from DE 36 17 408 C1. After that, a solution of beta-octogen in a gamma-lactone in the temperature range between 5 and 15 ° C with Toluene treated, the desired fine and very fine beta-octogen crystals precipitate in high purity. To prevent grain growth, the very fine beta-octogen can be slurried in water after being separated from the toluene and the solution, suspension or emulsion of a polymer can be added at temperatures between 30 and 60 ° C. with stirring. A coating with the polymer takes place.

Ein anderes Verfahren zur Herstellung des sehr feinen beta-Oktogenkornes besteht in der Zerkleinerung eines handelsüblichen Produktes, wie es gemäß MIL-H-45444 B klassifiziert ist. Dabei reichen die Korngrößen von etwa 45 µm bis zu einigen hundert µm. Die Zerkleinerung der Kristalle durch Mahlen stößt jedoch auf große Schwierigkeiten, da beta-Oktogen äußerst reib- und stoßempfindlich ist. Dieser Vorgang kann daher nur unter besonderen Sicherheitsvorkehrungen in entsprechenden Vorrichtungen durchgeführt werden.Another method for producing the very fine beta-octogen grain consists in comminuting a commercially available product as classified according to MIL-H-45444 B. The grain sizes range from about 45 µm to a few hundred µm. The crushing of the crystals by grinding encounters great difficulties, however, since beta-octogen is extremely sensitive to friction and impact. This process can therefore only be carried out under special safety precautions in appropriate devices.

Ein weiteres Verfahren zur Herstellung eines besonders feinkörnigen beta-Oktogens besteht in der Abtrennung der gewünschten Kornfraktionen. Das Ausgangsprodukt kann dabei aus normaler Produktion oder aus der zuvor beschriebenen Zerkleinerungsreaktion kommen. Die Abtrennungsmethoden an sich sind bekannt. Vorteil ist bei einer Körnung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung der Einsatz von Hydrozyklonen. Es ist selbstverständlich, daß eine besonders feine Körnung nur einen Bruchteil der eingesetzten Masse ausmacht, wodurch sich das Verfahren an sich verteuert. Der besondere Vorteil der direkten Herstellung von feiner Körnung besteht darin, daß die Kristalle aus der Kristallisation im Vergleich zu denen aus dem Zerkleinerungesverfahren intakt sind.Another method for producing a particularly fine-grained beta-octogen consists in the separation of the desired grain fractions. The starting product can come from normal production or from the comminution reaction described above. The separation methods are known per se. The advantage of a granulation according to the present invention is the use of hydrocyclones. It goes without saying that a particularly fine grain size makes up only a fraction of the mass used, which makes the process itself more expensive. The particular advantage of the direct production of fine grain size is that the crystals from the crystallization are intact compared to those from the crushing process.

Beim Einsatz eines derartigen beta-Oktogens in Treibmitteln für Handfeuerwaffen wurde nun überraschenderweise gefunden, daß

  • Sprünge in der Kurve der linearen Brenngeschwindigkeit gegen den Druck bis in hohe Druckbereiche von mehreren 1000 bar nicht auftreten,
  • mit abnehmender mittlerer Korngröße trotz wachsender Oberfläche der Druckanstiegesgradient der Treibmittelumsetzung deutlich abnimmt und
  • im Gegensatz zu den Abhängigkeiten des pmax-Wertes von der Korngröße des Hexogens bei der Verwendung von beta-Oktogen mit abnehmender Korngröße der Maximaldruck überraschenderweise abnimmt.
When using such a beta octogen in propellants for small arms, it has now surprisingly been found that
  • There are no jumps in the curve of the linear burning speed against the pressure up to high pressure ranges of several 1000 bar.
  • with decreasing average grain size despite increasing surface area, the pressure increase gradient of the blowing agent conversion decreases significantly and
  • in contrast to the dependencies of the p max value on the grain size of the hexogen when using beta-octogen with decreasing grain size the maximum pressure surprisingly decreases.

Bevorzugtes aktives Bindemittel im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung ist Polynitrophenylen. Für den Fall, daß weniger temperaturempfindliche Treibmittel nicht von Nachteil sind, kann jedoch auch Nitrocellulose als aktives Bindemittel eingesetzt werden.A preferred active binder for the purposes of the present invention is polynitrophenylene. In the event that less temperature-sensitive blowing agents are not disadvantageous, nitrocellulose can also be used as an active binder.

Eine bevorzugte Verwendung von beta-Oktogen gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, dieses in Treibmitteln einzusetzen, die Hexogen, Guanidinnitrat, Hexanitrodiphenylamin, Dipikrylsulfon, Hexanitrostilben und/oder Tetranitrodibenzo-1,3a-4,6a-tetraazapentalen als weitere Explosivstoffe enthalten.A preferred use of beta-octogen according to the present invention is to use it in blowing agents which contain hexogen, guanidine nitrate, hexanitrodiphenylamine, dipicrylsulfone, hexanitrostilbene and / or tetranitrodibenzo-1,3a-4,6a-tetraazapentalene as further explosives.

Erfindungsgemäße Treibmittel enthalten neben aktiven auch inaktive Bindemittel. Hierunter sind insbesondere solche auf Kunststoffbasis zu verstehen. Da mit dem Einsatz von Bindemitteln neben der Herabsetzung der Detonationsempfindlichkeit auch eine Verfestigung des Kristallpulvers einhergeht, sind gute Klebeeigenschaften sowie eine gute Formbeständigkeit im Temperaturbereich von -40 °C bis +70 °C erwünscht. Die Bindemittel sollten darüber hinaus halogenfrei sein und wenig feste Verbrennungsprodukte ergeben.Propellants according to the invention contain not only active but also inactive binders. This includes in particular those based on plastics. Since, in addition to reducing the detonation sensitivity, the use of binders also entails solidification of the crystal powder, good adhesive properties and good dimensional stability in the temperature range from -40 ° C. to +70 ° C. are desirable. In addition, the binders should be halogen-free and should give little solid combustion products.

Bevorzugte Bindemittel sind solche auf der Basis von Polyurethanen, Polymethylacrylaten, Polyvinylacetaten, Silikon und Polyvinylalkoholen, insbesondere teilweise oder vollständig acetalisierte Polyvinylalkohole mit C₁ bis C₅-Aldehyden, die an sich im Handel erhältlich sind. Besondere Bedeutung kommt hier dem Polyvinylbutyral-Harz zu, das im Handel erhältlich ist. Die Art
und Menge der Bindemittel richtet sich nach dem gewünschten Anwendungszweck, insbesondere zur Steuerung der Innenballistik nach der Formgebung. Vorzugsweise beträgt die Menge an aktivem und inertem Binder jeweils unabhängig von einander 5 bis 15 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Treibmittel.Preferred binders are those based on polyurethanes, polymethylacrylates, polyvinyl acetates, silicone and polyvinyl alcohols, in particular partially or fully acetalized polyvinyl alcohols with C₁ to C₅ aldehydes, which are commercially available per se. The polyvinyl butyral resin, which is commercially available, is of particular importance here. The Art
and the amount of binder depends on the desired application, in particular for controlling the internal ballistics according to the shape. The amount of active and inert binder is in each case independently of one another 5 to 15% by weight, based on the blowing agent.

Neben den oben genannten Bestandteilen können die mit Hilfe der Erfindung erhältlichen Treibmittel auch an sich im Stand der Technik bekannte Weichmacher, Gleitmittel und/oder Stabilisatoren enthalten.In addition to the components mentioned above, the blowing agents obtainable with the aid of the invention can also contain plasticizers, lubricants and / or stabilizers known per se in the prior art.

Derartige Treibmittel können in loser oder verpreßter Form eingesetzt werden. Erfindungsgemäß werden bevorzugt Treibmittel in verpreßter Form eingesetzt.Such blowing agents can be used in loose or compressed form. According to the invention, blowing agents are preferably used in compressed form.

Die Menge von beta-Oktogen in Treibmitteln aus Explosivstoffen, inerten und aktiven Bindemitteln ist nicht kritisch.The amount of beta-octogen in explosives, inert and active binders is not critical.

beta-Oktogen kann im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung ohne weitere Nachbehandlung in den oben bezeichneten Treibmitteln verwendet werden. Eine besondere Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht jedoch darin, die Kristalle von beta-Oktogen vor dem Einsatz in den genannten Treibmitteln mit thermoplastischen Polymeren zu umhüllen.For the purposes of the present invention, beta-octogen can be used in the above-mentioned blowing agents without further aftertreatment. A particular embodiment of the present invention consists, however, in coating the crystals of beta-octogen with thermoplastic polymers before use in the blowing agents mentioned.

Obwohl gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung beta-Oktogen mit einer mittleren Korngröße von weniger als 50 µm eingesetzt werden soll, ist es besonders bevorzugt, daß wenigstens 95 % des beta-Oktogens eine mittlere Korngröße von weniger als 100 µm aufweisen.Although beta-octogen with an average grain size of less than 50 μm is to be used according to the present invention, it is particularly preferred that at least 95% of the beta-octogen have an average grain size of less than 100 μm.

Die Erfindung wird durch die nachfolgenden Beispiele und Vergleichsbeispiele näher erläutert.The invention is illustrated by the following examples and comparative examples.

Beispiele 1-4/VergleichsbeispielExamples 1-4 / comparative example

Ein Treibmittel, hergestellt nach Beispiel 1 (Beispiel Nr. 1) der DE 27 53 555 C1, bestehend aus den dort genannten Mengen α-Oktogen als Energieträger, inertem und aktivem Bindemittel, wurde der Anteil des Energieträgers teilweise durch beta-Oktogen der mittleren Korngröße von 23 µm ersetzt. Das Treibmittel wurde zu Patronen verarbeitet. Es wurden gegenüber dem Vergleichsbeispiel weder die Explosionswärme des Treibmittels noch seine Masse oder das Anzündsystem der Patrone verändert. Die Beschußergebnisse wurden mit einem Gasdruckmesser ermittelt. Die Treibladungspulvermasse betrug jeweils 1,61 g. Die nachfolgende Tabelle I gibt die erhaltenen Daten wieder. Tabelle I Beispiel-Nr. Vgl. 1 2 3 4 Anteil beta-Oktogen (Gew.-%) 0 5 10 15 20 Beschußergebnisse: Max. Druck* (bar) 4532 4626 4607 4527 4630 Standard Abw. (bar) 187 173 226 181 189 Schußzeit (milli-s) 4,76 4,94 4,91 4,78 4,87 Geschoßgeschwindigkeit nach 5 m (m/s) 954 948 947 943 946 Standard Abw. (m/s) 6,1 6,1 6,6 6,6 6,0 * (Max. Druck, Schußzeit und Geschoßgeschwindigkeit sind Mittelwerte aus ca. 30 Schuß).
Trotz Anstiegs des beta-Oktogen-Anteils ist bei Vergleich der Beispiele 1 bis 4 mit dem Vergleichsbeispiel kein signifikanter Unterschied der Innenballistik zu verzeichnen. A blowing agent, prepared according to Example 1 (Example No. 1) of DE 27 53 555 C1, consisting of the amounts of α-octogen mentioned there as an energy carrier, inert and active binder, was partly the proportion of the energy carrier by beta-octogen of the average grain size of 23 µm replaced. The propellant was processed into cartridges. Neither the heat of explosion of the propellant nor its mass nor the ignition system of the cartridge were changed compared to the comparative example. The bombardment results were determined with a gas pressure meter. The propellant powder mass was 1.61 g in each case. Table I below shows the data obtained. Table I Example No. See. 1 2nd 3rd 4th Proportion of beta-octogen (% by weight) 0 5 10th 15 20th Shelling results: Max. Pressure * (bar) 4532 4626 4607 4527 4630 Standard dev. (bar) 187 173 226 181 189 Shot time (milli-s) 4.76 4.94 4.91 4.78 4.87 Bullet speed after 5 m (m / s) 954 948 947 943 946 Standard dev. (m / s) 6.1 6.1 6.6 6.6 6.0 * (Max. Pressure, shot time and bullet speed are average values from approx. 30 shots).
Despite an increase in the proportion of beta-octogen, there was no significant difference in the internal ballistics when comparing examples 1 to 4 with the comparative example.

Die nachfolgende Tabelle II gibt das Korngrößenspektrum des beta-Oktogens mit einer mittleren Korngröße von 23 µm wieder. Tabelle II Korngrößenverteilung beta-Oktogen, mittlere Korngröße 23 µm. < 10 µm 6,5 Gew.-% 10 - 20 µm 46,5 Gew.-% 20 - 30 µm 27,0 Gew.-% 30 - 40 µm 10,0 Gew.-% 40 - 50 µm 4,0 Gew.-% 50 - 60 µm 2,5 Gew.-% 60 - 80 µm 3,5 Gew.-% 100 Gew.-% Table II below shows the grain size spectrum of the beta-octogen with an average grain size of 23 µm. Table II Particle size distribution beta-octogen, average particle size 23 µm. <10 µm 6.5% by weight 10 - 20 µm 46.5% by weight 20 - 30 µm 27.0% by weight 30 - 40 µm 10.0% by weight 40 - 50 µm 4.0% by weight 50 - 60 µm 2.5% by weight 60 - 80 µm 3.5% by weight 100% by weight

Beispiele 5 und 6Examples 5 and 6

Ein Treibmittel analog Beispielen 1 bis 4, das ausschließlich beta-Oktogen als Energieträger sowie inertes und aktives Bindemittel enthielt, wurde zu Patronen verarbeitet. Die Zusammensetzung der Treibmittel aus Beispiel 5 und 6 war identisch bis auf den Unterschied der Oktogen-Korngrößen von 23 bzw. 9 µm. Letzteres hat eine analoge Korngrößenverteilung wie das Oktogen mit einer mittleren Korngröße von 23 µm. Die Herstellung der Patronen, ihrer Treibmittelmassen, Abmessungen und die Anzündsysteme war identisch.A blowing agent analogous to Examples 1 to 4, which contained only beta-octogen as an energy source and inert and active binder, was processed into cartridges. The composition of the blowing agents from Examples 5 and 6 was identical except for the difference in the octogen grain sizes of 23 and 9 μm. The latter has a grain size distribution similar to that of the octogen with an average grain size of 23 µm. The manufacture of the cartridges, their propellant masses, dimensions and the ignition systems were identical.

Untersucht wurden die Druck/Zeit-Kurven beim Anzünden und Abbrand der Patronen in einer ballistischen Bombe, deren Innengeometrie ähnlich der des Patronenlagers im Waffensystem ist. Die nachfolgende Tabelle III gibt die erhaltenen Daten wieder. Tabelle III Beispiel-Nr. 5 6 Mittlere Korngröße beta-Oktogen (µm) 23 9 Beschußergebnis in einer Meßbombe Max. Druck (bar) 4325 4116 Standard Abw. (bar) 33 65 Schußzeit bis max. Druck (milli-s) 1,759 1,781 Standard Abw. (milli-s) 0,126 0,174 Druckanstiegsgradient (bar/milli-s) % pmax 10-90 4153 3937 20-80 5022 4871 30-70 6382 5795 The pressure / time curves were examined when the cartridges were lit and burned up in a ballistic bomb, the internal geometry of which was similar to that of the cartridge chamber in the weapon system. Table III below shows the data obtained. Table III Example No. 5 6 Average grain size beta-octogen (µm) 23 9 Bombardment result in a measuring bomb Max. Pressure (bar) 4325 4116 Standard dev. (bar) 33 65 Shot time up to max. Pressure (milli-s) 1,759 1,781 Standard dev. (milli-s) 0.126 0.174 Pressure rise gradient (bar / milli-s)% p max 10-90 4153 3937 20-80 5022 4871 30-70 6382 5795

Die Ergebnisse sind Mittelwerte aus 10 Schuß. Das Beschußergebnis macht deutlich, daß trotz gleichen Energieinhaltes der Druckanstiegsgradient bei Verwendung einer mittleren beta-Oktogen-Korngröße von 9 µm deutlich unter demjenigen für 23 µm liegt.The results are averages from 10 rounds. The bombardment result makes it clear that, despite the same energy content, the pressure rise gradient when using an average beta-octogen grain size of 9 μm is clearly below that for 23 μm.

Beispiele 7 und 8Examples 7 and 8

Die gleichen Treibmittel, wie in den Beispielen 5 und 6 beschrieben, wurden zu Zylindern mit den Abmessungen ca. 4,5 x 4,2 mm verpreßt. Diese wurden in einer ballistischen Bombe bei einer Ladedichte von 290 kg/m³ mit Zündpille T 15 und einer Beiladung von 4 · 10⁻⁴ kg Nitrocellulose (13,2 % Stickstoff) angezündet. Die nachfolgende Tabelle IV gibt die erhaltenen Daten wieder. Tabelle IV Beispiel-Nr. 7 8 Mittlere Korngröße beta-Oktogen (µm) 23 9 Beschußergebnisse in einer ballistischen Bombe bei °C 21 50 -30 21 50 -30 Max. Druck (bar) 3471 3489 2991 3450 3488 2916 Standard Abw. (bar) 9 8 80 19 43 86 Druckanstiegsgradient (bar/milli-s), Mittelwerte für % pmax 10-90 1873 2167 1550 1596 1788 1281 40-60 4799 5338 3382 3886 4268 2728 The same blowing agents as described in Examples 5 and 6 were pressed into cylinders with the dimensions approx. 4.5 x 4.2 mm. These were detonated in a ballistic bomb at a loading density of 290 kg / m³ with T 15 squib and a load of 4 · 10⁻⁴ kg nitrocellulose (13.2% nitrogen). Table IV below shows the data obtained. Table IV Example No. 7 8th Average grain size beta-octogen (µm) 23 9 Shelling results in a ballistic bomb at ° C 21 50 -30 21 50 -30 Max. Pressure (bar) 3471 3489 2991 3450 3488 2916 Standard dev. (bar) 9 8th 80 19th 43 86 Pressure rise gradient (bar / milli-s), mean values for% p max 10-90 1873 2167 1550 1596 1788 1281 40-60 4799 5338 3382 3886 4268 2728

Bei den Beispielen 7 und 8 wird deutlich, daß trotz Vergrößerung der Oberfläche des feinen Oktogenkornes von 9 µm im Vergleich zu einem Korn von 23 µm der maximale Druck im Temperaturband sich nicht unterscheidet und der Druckanstiegsgradient mit feinem β-Oktogen niedriger liegt.In Examples 7 and 8 it is clear that, despite an increase in the surface area of the fine octogen grain of 9 µm compared to a grain size of 23 µm, the maximum pressure in the temperature band does not differ and the pressure rise gradient is lower with fine β-octogen.

Beispiel 9Example 9

Entsprechend Beispielen 5 und 6 wurde ein Treibmittel mit gleichem Anteil Energieträger, der hier jedoch aus beta-Oktogen mit einer mittleren Korngröße von 6 µm bestand, inerten und aktiven Bindemitteln in der gleichen Zusammensetzung gemischt und aus dieser Mischung nach gleichem Verfahren Patronen mit identischem Anzündsystem hergestellt.According to Examples 5 and 6, a blowing agent with the same proportion of energy source, but here consisting of beta-octogen with an average grain size of 6 microns, inert and active binders were mixed in the same composition and cartridges were produced from this mixture using the same method with an identical ignition system .

Die Ergebnisse von 30 Schuß im gleichen Gasdruckmesser wie er für die Beispiele 1 bis 4 und das Vergleichsbeispiel verwendet wurde, mit einer Treibladungspulvermasse von 1,64 g sind in der folgenden Tabelle V wiedergegeben, die die gemittelten Ergebnisse enthält: Tabelle V Max. Druck (bar) 2570 Standard Abw. (bar) 556 Schußzeit (milli-s) 7,2 Geschoßgeschwindigkeit (m/s) 766 The results of 30 rounds in the same gas pressure meter as used for Examples 1 to 4 and the comparative example, with a propellant powder mass of 1.64 g, are shown in the following Table V, which contains the averaged results: Table V Max. Pressure (bar) 2570 Standard dev. (bar) 556 Shot time (milli-s) 7.2 Bullet speed (m / s) 766

Der Vergleich mit den Ergebnissen der Beispiele 1 bis 4 und des Vergleichsbeispiels zeigt eine drastische Abnahme der linearen Brenngeschwindigkeit und des max. Druckes.The comparison with the results of Examples 1 to 4 and the comparative example shows a drastic decrease in the linear burning rate and the max. Pressure.

Neben dem überwiegenden Einfluß durch das feinkörnige β-Oktogen mit einer mittleren Korngröße von 6 µm haben auch dazu beigetragen die Reduzierung der Explosionswärme von 3996 auf 3541 J/g sowie die Reduzierung der Porosität der festen Treibladungspulverkörper. Der Vergleich der Porositätsunterschiede zeigt bei sonst gleicher Zusammensetzung des Treibmittels und gleichen Herstell- und Beschußbedingungen eine Druckerniedrigung um ca 500 bar.In addition to the predominant influence of the fine-grained β-octogen with an average grain size of 6 µm, the reduction in the heat of explosion from 3996 to 3541 J / g and the reduction in the porosity of the solid propellant powder particles also contributed to this. The comparison of the porosity differences shows a pressure reduction of about 500 bar with the same composition of the blowing agent and the same manufacturing and bombardment conditions.

Claims (14)

  1. Use of β-octogen with a polymodal particle size distribution, as can be represented in particular by a Gauss distribution curve, and with an average particle size of less than 50 µm as explosive in propellants having inert and active binders.
  2. Use of β-octogen according to claim 1 in propellants which contain additionally α-octogen, hexogen, guanidine nitrate, hexanitrodiphenylamine, dipicrylsulphone, hexanitrostilbene, tetranitrodibenzo-1,3a,4,6a-tetraazapentalene and/or polynitrophenylene as explosive.
  3. Use of β-octogen according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that polyurethanes, polymethacrylates, polyvinylacetates, silicones and polyvinylalcohols, in particular polyvinylalcohols partially or completely acetalised with C₁-C₅ aldehydes, are employed as inert binders.
  4. Use of β-octogen according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that polynitrophenylene is employed as active binder.
  5. Use of β-octogen according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the propellant consists of 70 to 95% by weight explosive and 5 to 30% by weight binders.
  6. Use of β-octogen according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the explosive consists of 5 to 100% by weight β-octogen and 0 to 95% by weight α-octogen, hexogen, guanidine nitrate, hexanitrodiphenylamine, dipicrylsulphone, hexanitrostilbene, tetranitrodibenzo-1,3a,4,6a-tetraazapentalene and/or polynitrophenylene.
  7. Use of β-octogen according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the β-octogen consists to at least 95% by weight of a particle size of less than 100µm.
  8. Use of β-octogen according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the propellants are employed in compressed form.
  9. Use of β-octogen according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that the crystals of the β-octogen are encased with a thermoplastic polymer.
  10. Propellant consisting of β-octogen with a polymodal particle size distribution, as can be represented in particular by a Gauss distribution curve, and an average particle size of less than 50µm as explosive, and inert and active binders.
  11. Propellant according to claim 10, characterised in that additionally present as explosives are α-octogen, hexanitrodiphenylamine, dipicrylsulphone, hexanitrostilbene, tetranitrodibenzo-1,3a,4,6a-tetraazapentalene and/or polynitrophenylene.
  12. Propellant according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterised in that polyurethanes, polymethacrylates, polyvinylacetates, silicones and polyvinylalcohols, in particular partially or completely acetalised polyvinylalcohols with C₁-C₅ aldehydes, are employed as binders and polynitrophenylene is employed as active binder.
  13. Propellant according to one of claims 10 to 11, characterised in that the propellant consists of 70 to 95% by weight explosive and 5 to 30% by weight binders, with the explosive consisting of 5 to 100% by weight of β-octogen and 0 to 95% by weight α-octogen, hexogen, guanidine nitrate, hexanitrodiphenylamine, dipicrylsulphone, hexanitrostilbene, tetranitrodibenzo-1,3a,4,6a-tetraazapentalene and/or polynitrophenylene.
  14. Propellant according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterised in that the crystals of the β-octogen are encased with a thermoplastic polymer.
EP92113959A 1991-08-15 1992-08-17 Application of beta-octogen with polymodal particle size distribution Expired - Lifetime EP0528392B1 (en)

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EP0528392A1 (en) 1993-02-24
US20010023727A1 (en) 2001-09-27
DE59204051D1 (en) 1995-11-23
DE4126981C1 (en) 1993-01-28

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