WO2014008711A1 - 一种可预选档的机械式变速器 - Google Patents

一种可预选档的机械式变速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014008711A1
WO2014008711A1 PCT/CN2012/081463 CN2012081463W WO2014008711A1 WO 2014008711 A1 WO2014008711 A1 WO 2014008711A1 CN 2012081463 W CN2012081463 W CN 2012081463W WO 2014008711 A1 WO2014008711 A1 WO 2014008711A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gear
output
shaft
epicyclic
countershaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/081463
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
石崇华
李华玲
Original Assignee
Shi Chonghua
Li Hualing
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shi Chonghua, Li Hualing filed Critical Shi Chonghua
Publication of WO2014008711A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014008711A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/006Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/721Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with an energy dissipating device, e.g. regulating brake or fluid throttle, in order to vary speed continuously

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gear transmission, and more particularly to a mechanical transmission that can be preselected. Background technique
  • the transmission is a gear transmission that can fix or change the transmission ratio of the output shaft and the input shaft.
  • the transmission on the vehicle changes the torque of the engine crankshaft by changing the transmission ratio to adapt to starting, accelerating, driving and overcoming various road obstacles.
  • the need to drive different wheel traction and vehicle speed requirements is one of the most important components in the automotive transmission system.
  • the car shifting mechanism is generally a shifting gear or other gear shifting mechanism, so that one gear pair of the original gear position is disengaged, and then the gear pair of the other gear is put into operation, but must be stepped before shifting.
  • the lower clutch pedal interrupts the power transmission, which facilitates the disengagement of the meshing pair of the original gear position, and at the same time, the speed of the meshing portion of the new gear meshing pair is gradually synchronized, and the process from the interruption of the power transmission to the new gear position tends to be synchronized. It wastes a certain amount of time and consumes a lot of oil.
  • the double-clutch transmission is usually adopted, but the clutch system of the dual-clutch transmission is switched from the clutch due to the friction of the clutch. The increase takes a short time, so it is impossible to make a completely interval-free shift.
  • the dual clutch transmission adopts a friction transmission system, it is not limited by the friction force to transmit a large torque, and the heat generation is high and the wear is easy.
  • a pre-selectable mechanical transmission includes a housing (1), an input shaft (2) and an output shaft (3), and a tail portion of the input shaft (2) projects into the housing ( 1) inside, an input gear (15) is fitted to the tail of the input shaft (2), an output gear is provided on the output shaft (3), and two sets of epicyclic wheels are arranged in the housing (1)
  • the two sets of epicyclic gear trains include a sun gear shaft (4), a planetary gear (5), a ring gear (6) and a planet carrier (7), and the sun gear shaft (4) is supported by the bearing in the casing (1)
  • the sun gear shaft (4) shifting mechanism (16) is connected, and a sun gear (4a) is also arranged on the shaft of the sun gear shaft (4), and the sun gear (4a) meshes with the planetary gear (5).
  • the planet gear (5) is fitted over the head of the planet carrier (7); the ring gear (6) is supported in the housing (1) by bearings, the ring gear (6) having internal teeth (6a) and outer a tooth (6b), the ring gear (6) meshes with an input gear (15) via an external tooth (6b), and the ring gear (6) meshes with the planet gear (5) through the internal tooth (6a);
  • the planet carrier (7) tail sleeved countershaft gears, the counter gear meshed with the output gear.
  • the sun gear shaft (4) of one of the epicyclic gear trains is controlled by the shifting mechanism (16) to have its degree of freedom of zero, so that the epicyclic gear train becomes a planetary gear train, from the input shaft.
  • the input torque is transmitted to the ring gear (6) of the current planetary gear train via the input gear (15), then to the planetary gear (5) by the ring gear (6), and then the torque is transmitted through the planetary gear (5).
  • the carrier (7) is transmitted to the output gear via the counter gear and finally to the output shaft (3) to drive the slave.
  • the sun gear shaft (4) of another set of epicyclic gear trains is kept free to rotate, so that the epicyclic gear train becomes a differential gear train, and power cannot be transmitted from the input shaft (2) to the output shaft via the current differential gear train (3).
  • the shifting mechanism (16) connected to the epicyclic gear train that is transmitting power cancels the control state of the sun gear shaft (4) of the epicyclic gear train, and the sun gear shaft (4) of the epicyclic gear train is turned into free rotation.
  • a first output gear (21), a second output gear (22), a third auxiliary output gear (23) and a fourth output gear (24) are sequentially fixed on the output shaft (3), and adjacent two A sleeve (10) is disposed between the output gears, and the sleeve (10) is sleeved on the output shaft (3); and the carrier (7) of the two epicyclic gear trains are firstly looped first a countershaft gear (17), a second countershaft gear (18), a third countershaft gear (19) and a fourth countershaft gear (20), and the first countershaft gears (17) of the two epicyclic gear trains are
  • the first output gear (21) is meshed, and the second counter gears (18) of the two epicyclic gear trains mesh with the second output gear (22), and the third countershaft gears of the two epicyclic gear trains (19) Both meshing with the third output gear (23), the fourth counter gears (20) of the two epicyclic gear trains are meshed with the fourth output gear (24); the planet carriers
  • one and only one countershaft gear on the planetary gear train is fixedly connected to the planet carrier (7) via a synchronizer (9), and at most one countershaft gear on the differential gear train passes through the synchronizer (9) and the planet The frame (7) is fixedly connected.
  • the fork mechanism dials the synchronizer (9) to make the countershaft gear to be used on the planet carrier of the current differential train wheel in advance with the carrier (7), and select the gear position in advance. Then shift again. Since there are four countershaft gears on the two epicyclic gear trains and on the output shaft The four output gears are meshed, and the present invention can be arbitrarily switched between eight transmission speed ratios, improving the utility of the present invention.
  • a first output gear (21) and a second output gear (22) are sequentially fixed on the output shaft (3), and a sleeve is arranged between the first output gear (21) and the second output gear (22) (10), the sleeve (10) is set on the output shaft (3); the first countershaft gear (17) and the second are sequentially looped on the planet carrier (7) of the two epicyclic gear trains
  • the countershaft gear (18), the first countershaft gears (17) of the two epicyclic gear trains are meshed with the first output gear (21), and the second countershaft gears (18) of the two epicyclic gear trains are both
  • the two output gears (22) are meshed;
  • a synchronizer (9) is disposed on the planet carrier (7) of the two of the epicyclic gear trains, the synchronizer (9) is located in the first countershaft gear (17) and Between the two countershaft gears (18); both of the synchronizers (9) are connected to the fork mechanism.
  • one and only one countershaft gear on the planetary gear train is fixedly connected to the planet carrier (7) via a synchronizer (9), and at most one countershaft gear on the differential gear train passes through the synchronizer (9) and the planet
  • the frame (7) is fixedly connected.
  • the fork mechanism dials the synchronizer (9) to make the countershaft gear to be used on the planet carrier of the current differential train wheel in advance with the carrier (7), and select the gear position in advance. Then shift again.
  • the present invention can be arbitrarily switched between four transmission ratios, improving the utility of the present invention while ensuring compactness of the internal structure of the transmission.
  • a first output gear is fixed on the output shaft (3), and a first countershaft gear (17) is fixed on the planet carrier (7) of the two epicyclic gear trains, and two epicyclic gear trains
  • the first counter gear (17) is meshed with the first output gear (21).
  • the fork mechanism includes a shift fork (25), a piston rod (26), a piston (27) and a cylinder (28).
  • One end of the shift fork (25) is connected to the synchronizer (9), and the shift fork (25) The other end is opposite the piston rod (26)
  • the piston rod (26) is connected to a piston (27) in the cylinder (28), and the cylinder (28) is fixedly coupled to the housing (1).
  • the cylinder body (28) of the fork mechanism can be a pneumatic piston cylinder or a hydraulic piston cylinder. Before the shifting, the cylinder (28) is filled with gas or hydraulic oil to move the piston rod (26) to the left and right, and the shift fork is driven. (25)
  • the synchronizer (9) is moved left and right to achieve the purpose of meshing the counter gear with the output gear.
  • the fork mechanism can also be equipped with an electric fork for more precise control.
  • the input shaft (2) is provided with a reverse gear (8) which is located behind the input gear (15).
  • the reverse gear (8) and/or the input gear (15) are integrally formed with the input shaft (2).
  • the shifting mechanism (16) is a brake pad, an electromagnetic brake, a gear transmission or a motor.
  • the shifting mechanism (16) can control the rotation speed of the sun gear shaft (4), switch the epicyclic gear train between the planetary gear train and the differential gear train, and adjust the speed ratio of the epicyclic gear train by using a power mechanism such as a motor.
  • the object is to provide the present invention with a finely adjustable gear ratio.
  • the planet carrier (7) is parallel to the input shaft (2), which is also parallel to the output shaft (3).
  • the parallel structure makes the power transmission smoother.
  • the sun gear shaft (4) is integrally formed with the sun gear (4a).
  • the present invention provides two epicyclic gear trains in the housing to mesh with the input shaft, and switches between the planetary gear train and the differential gear train through two epicyclic gear trains to achieve the purpose of no-interval shifting. At the same time, it reduces heat loss, and has the characteristics of clever design, simple structure and low energy consumption.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of an epicyclic gear train of Figure 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. detailed description
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the present invention comprises a housing 1, an input shaft 2, an output shaft 3, a sun gear shaft 4, a planetary gear 5, a ring gear 6, a carrier 7, a reverse gear 8, a synchronizer 9, and a shaft.
  • the sleeve 10, the input gland 13, the center shaft 14, the input gear 15, the shifting mechanism 16, the first counter gear 17, the second counter gear 18, the third counter gear 19, the fourth counter gear 20, the first The output gear 21, the second output gear 22, the third auxiliary output gear 23, the fourth output gear 24, the shift fork 25, the piston rod 26, the piston 27, and the cylinder block 28 are composed of components.
  • the tail portion of the input shaft 2 projects into the housing 1, and an input gear 15 and a reverse gear 8 are integrally formed at the rear end of the input shaft 2, and the reverse gear 8 is located at the rear end of the input gear 15.
  • Also provided in the housing 1 are two sets of epicyclic gear trains, each of which includes a sun gear shaft 4, a planetary gear 5, a ring gear 6 and a planet carrier 7, the planet carrier 7 and the input shaft 2 Parallel, the planet carrier 7 is also parallel to the output shaft 3.
  • the sun gear shaft 4 is supported in the casing 1 by a bearing, and the head of the sun gear shaft 4 is extended from the casing 1 to be connected to the shifting mechanism 16.
  • An input gland 13 is integrally formed at a joint of the sun gear shaft 4 and the casing 1, and a sun gear 4a is integrally formed at a tail portion of the sun gear shaft 4, and the sun gear 4a meshes with a planetary gear 5, the planetary gear 5 Racked in the ring gear 6, and the planet gears 5 mesh with the ring gear 6 and the sun gear shaft 4, respectively, the planet wheel 5 is fixedly coupled to the head of the planet carrier 7 via a central shaft 14; the ring gear 6 is supported by bearings In the housing 1, the ring gear 6 has internal teeth 6a and external teeth 6b. The ring gear 6 meshes with an input gear 15 via external teeth 6b, and the ring gear 6 meshes with the planetary gear 5 via internal teeth 6a.
  • a first output gear 21, a second output gear 22, a third auxiliary output gear 23 and a fourth output gear 24 are sequentially fixed on the output shaft 3, and two adjacent output gears are Between the sleeves 10, the sleeve 10 is fitted on the output shaft 3; on the planet carrier 7 of the two epicyclic gear trains The first countershaft gear 17, the second countershaft gear 18, the third countershaft gear 19 and the fourth countershaft gear 20 are sequentially looped, and the first countershaft gears 17 of the two epicyclic gear trains are respectively coupled to the first output gear.
  • the second counter gears 18 of the two epicyclic gear trains are meshed with the second output gear 22, and the third counter gears 19 of the two epicyclic gear trains are meshed with the third output gear 23, two
  • the fourth countershaft gear 20 of the epicyclic gear train is meshed with the fourth output gear 24;
  • two synchronizers 9 are disposed on the planet carrier 7 of the two epicyclic gear trains, and the first synchronizer 9 is located at the Between a pair of shaft gears 17 and a second counter gear 18, a second synchronizer is located between the third countershaft gear 19 and the fourth countershaft gear 20, and the four synchronizers 9 are all connected to the fork mechanism
  • one and only one countershaft gear on the planetary gear train is fixedly connected to the planet carrier 7 via the synchronizer 9, and at most one countershaft gear on the differential gear train is fixedly connected to the planet carrier 7 via the synchronizer 9.
  • the fork mechanism includes a shift fork 25, a piston rod 26, a piston 27 and a cylinder block 28.
  • One end of the shift fork 25 is connected to the synchronizer 9, and the other end of the shift fork 25 is connected to the piston rod 26.
  • the piston rod 26 is connected to a piston 27 in the cylinder block 28, and the cylinder block 28 is fixedly coupled to the housing 1.
  • the meshing state of the first counter gear 17 and the first output gear 21 of one of the epicyclic gears is the first gear of the gearbox, and the second counter gear 18 and the second output gear of the set on the epicyclic gear
  • the meshing state of the gearbox is the third gear of the gearbox
  • the meshing state of the third countershaft gear 19 and the third output gear 23 of the set of the epicyclic gear train is the fifth gear of the gearbox
  • the epicyclic gear set is
  • the meshing state of the fourth countershaft gear 20 and the fourth output gear 24 is the seventh gear of the transmission.
  • the engagement state of the first counter gear 17 and the first output gear 21 of the other epicyclic gear train is the second gear of the transmission, and the second counter gear 18 and the second output gear of the set on the epicyclic gear
  • the engaged state of 22 is the fourth gear of the transmission, and the engagement of the third counter gear 19 and the third output gear 23 of the set on the epicyclic gear
  • the state is the sixth gear of the transmission, and the meshing state of the fourth counter gear 20 and the fourth output gear 24 of the epicyclic gear set is the eighth gear of the transmission.
  • the sun gear shaft 4 of the epicyclic gear train in which the first gear is located is controlled by the shifting mechanism 16 to rotate its speed, and the epicyclic gear train becomes a planetary gear train, which can transmit power, and the planetary gear train is equipped with the first A counter gear 17 meshes with the first output gear 21, and the first counter gear 17 is fixedly fitted to the carrier 7 via the synchronizer 9.
  • the remaining countershaft gears of the set on this planetary gear train are looped over the planet carrier 7.
  • the sun gear shaft 4 of the other epicyclic gear train is kept in a freely rotating state, and the epicyclic gear train becomes a differential gear train and cannot transmit power.
  • the gear When it is necessary to upgrade from the first gear to the second gear, the gear is pre-shifted, and the cylinder 28 is filled with gas or hydraulic oil to move the piston rod 26, and the shift fork 25 and the synchronizer 9 are moved, and the synchronizer 9 drives the current difference.
  • the first countershaft gear 17 on the carrier 7 of the moving train is fixed to the carrier 7.
  • the shifting mechanism 16 on the epicyclic gear train of the second gear is controlled to control the rotational speed of the sun gear shaft 4 of the epicyclic gear train, thereby making the epicyclic gear train a planetary gear train.
  • the shifting mechanism 16 provided on the epicyclic gear train of the first gear is controlled, and the control state of the sun gear shaft 4 of the epicyclic gear train is released, so that the epicyclic gear train becomes a differential gear train and power cannot be transmitted.
  • power can be transmitted from the input shaft 2 to the output shaft 3 through the first output gear 21 and the first counter gear 17 where the second gear is located.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the head of the sun gear shaft 4 projects out of the casing 1, and a brake pad is fitted to the head of the sun gear shaft 4, and the brake pad can be braked by a brake pad disposed outside thereof.
  • a first output gear 21 is disposed on the output shaft 3, and a first counter gear 17 is disposed on the carrier 7 of the two epicyclic gear trains, and a first counter gear 17 of the two epicyclic gear trains is provided. Both mesh with the first output gear 21.
  • the rest of the embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the brake pads can be clamped by the brake pads to achieve the purpose of braking.
  • a first output gear 21 and a second output gear 22 are sequentially sleeved on the output shaft 3, and a sleeve 10 is disposed between the first output gear 21 and the second output gear 22, and the sleeve 10 is set on the output shaft 3; on the planet carrier 7 of the two epicyclic gear trains, the first countershaft gear 17 and the second countershaft gear 18 are sequentially looped, and the first countershaft gears 17 of the two epicyclic gear trains are respectively An output gear 21 is meshed, and the second counter gears 18 of the two epicyclic gear trains are meshed with the second output gear 22; a synchronizer 9 is disposed on the planet carrier 7 of the two of the epicyclic gear trains, The synchronizer 9 is located between the first countershaft gear 17 and the second countershaft gear 18; both of the synchronizers 9 are connected to the fork mechanism; and there is one and only one countershaft gear on the planetary gear train through the synchronizer 9 Attached to the planet carrier 7, a maximum of
  • the shifting mechanism 16 is a motor, and the rest of the embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • Embodiment 5 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 5:
  • the reverse gear 8 is fitted to the head of the output shaft 3, and the rest of the embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

一种可预选档的机械式变速器,包括壳体(1)、输入轴(2)和输出轴(3),所述输入轴(2)的尾部套装有输入齿轮(15),在所述壳体(1)内设置有两组周转轮系,该周转轮系的太阳轮轴(4)与变速机构(16)相连,所述太阳轮轴(4)的尾部套装有太阳轮(4a),该太阳轮(4a)与行星轮(5)相啮合;所述周转轮系的齿圈(6)与输入齿轮(15)相啮合;在所述周转轮系的行星架(7)上套装有副轴齿轮(17,18,19,20),该副轴齿轮(17,18,19,20)与输出齿轮(21,22,23,24)相啮合,该输出齿轮(21,22,23,24)套装在输出轴(3)上。通过在壳体内设置两个周转轮系与输入轴相啮合,两个周转轮系分别在行星轮系和差动轮系之间切换,达到无间隔换档的目的,具有结构简单、能耗低的特点。

Description

一种可预选档的机械式变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种齿轮传动装置, 特别涉及一种可预选档的机械式变速器。 背景技术
变速器是能固定或改变输出轴和输入轴传动比的齿轮传动装置, 汽车上的 变速器是通过改变传动比, 改变发动机曲轴的扭力, 以适应在起步、 加速、 行 驶以及克服各种道路阻碍等不同行驶条件下, 对驱动车轮牵引力及车速不同要 求的需要, 是汽车传动系中最主要的部件之一。 目前汽车换档机制一般是拨动 齿轮或其他挂档机构, 使原用档位的某一齿轮副脱开传动, 再使另一档位的齿 轮副进入工作, 但是在换档前都必须踩下离合器踏板, 中断动力传动, 便于使 原档位的啮合副脱开, 同时使新档位啮合副的啮合部位的速度逐步趋向同步, 这个从中断动力传动至新档位趋于同步的过程需要浪费一定时间, 同时又耗费 了油量。 为了使换档过程中, 发动机的动力始终不断的被传递到车轮上, 实现 无间隔换档, 通常采用双离合变速器, 但是双离合变速器的离合系统在切换离 合器时, 由于离合器的摩擦力从零增大需要一个短暂的时间, 因此无法做到彻 底无间隔换档。 又由于双离合变速器是采用摩擦传动系统, 受摩擦力所限不能 传递大扭矩, 并且发热量高、 容易磨损。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种能够无间隔换档并且传递大扭矩 的变速器。 本发明的技术方案如下: 一种可预选档的机械式变速器, 包括壳体 (1)、 输入轴 (2) 和输出轴 (3), 所述输入轴 (2) 的尾部伸入壳体 (1) 内, 在该输 入轴(2) 的尾部套装有输入齿轮(15), 在所述输出轴(3)上套装有输出齿轮, 在所述壳体 (1) 内设置有两组周转轮系, 两组周转轮系均包括太阳轮轴 (4)、 行星轮 (5)、 齿圈 (6) 和行星架 (7), 所述太阳轮轴 (4) 通过轴承支撑在壳 体 (1) 内, 该太阳轮轴 (4) 变速机构 (16) 相连接, 在所述太阳轮轴 (4) 的 轴身上还套装有太阳轮 (4a), 该太阳轮 (4a) 与行星轮 (5) 相啮合, 所述行 星轮 (5) 套装在行星架 (7) 的头部; 所述齿圈 (6) 通过轴承支撑在壳体 (1) 内, 该齿圈 (6) 具有内齿 (6a) 和外齿 (6b), 所述齿圈 (6) 通过外齿 (6b) 与输入齿轮 (15) 相啮合, 该齿圈 (6) 通过内齿 (6a) 与行星轮 (5) 相啮合; 在行星架 (7) 的尾部套装有副轴齿轮, 该副轴齿轮与输出齿轮相啮合。
本发明在平时工作时, 其中一组周转轮系的太阳轮轴(4) 由变速机构(16) 控制其转速, 使其自由度为零, 从而使这个周转轮系成为行星轮系, 从输入轴 (2) 输入的扭矩经过输入齿轮 (15) 传递给当前行星轮系的齿圈 (6), 再由齿 圈 (6) 传递给行星轮 (5), 然后通过行星轮 (5) 将扭矩传递给行星架 (7), 再经由副轴齿轮传递给输出齿轮, 最后传递给输出轴 (3) 带动从动设备工作。 另外一组周转轮系的太阳轮轴 (4)保持自由转动状态, 从而使这个周转轮系成 为差动轮系, 动力无法从输入轴 (2) 经由当前差动轮系传递给输出轴 (3)。 在 换档时, 与正在传递动力的周转轮系相连的变速机构 (16) 解除该周转轮系的 太阳轮轴 (4) 的控制状态, 使该周转轮系的太阳轮轴 (4) 转为自由转动状态, 从而使该周转轮系变为差动轮系, 无法传递动力; 同时, 另一个周转轮系的太 阳轮轴 (4) 通过变速机构 (16) 控制其转速, 从而使这个周转轮系成为行星轮 系,将动力从输入轴( 2 )经由这个行星轮系上套装的副轴齿轮传递给输出轴( 3 )。 由于通过齿轮传动机构进行换档, 不需要通过离合器来实现, 节省了摩擦力增 大的时间, 相较于传统变速器又省去了齿轮脱开再啮合的过程, 因此换档时间 可以忽略不计, 保证了发动机的动力始终不断的被传递到车轮上, 实现了无间 隔换档。 同时, 由于采用的齿轮式换档, 能够传递较大的扭矩, 并且减少了离 合器摩擦产生的热量。
在所述输出轴(3 )上依次固套有第一输出齿轮(21 )、 第二输出齿轮(22 )、 第三副输出齿轮 (23) 和第四输出齿轮 (24), 相邻的两个输出齿轮之间设置有 轴套 (10 ), 该轴套 (10) 套装在输出轴 (3 ) 上; 在两个所述周转轮系的行星 架 (7) 上均依次活套有第一副轴齿轮 (17)、 第二副轴齿轮 (18)、 第三副轴齿 轮 (19 ) 和第四副轴齿轮 (20), 两个周转轮系的第一副轴齿轮 (17) 均与第一 输出齿轮 (21 ) 相啮合, 两个周转轮系的第二副轴齿轮 (18) 均与第二输出齿 轮 (22 ) 相啮合, 两个周转轮系的第三副轴齿轮 (19) 均与第三输出齿轮 (23) 相啮合, 两个周转轮系的第四副轴齿轮 (20) 均与第四输出齿轮 (24) 相啮合; 在两个所述周转轮系的行星架 (7) 上均套装有两个同步器 (9), 第一个同步器 (9 ) 位于第一副轴齿轮 (17 ) 和第二副轴齿轮 (18) 之间, 第二个同步器位于 第三副轴齿轮 (19) 和第四副轴齿轮 (20) 之间, 四个所述同步器 (9) 均与拨 叉机构相连。 在同一时刻, 行星轮系上有且仅有一个副轴齿轮通过同步器 (9 ) 与行星架 (7 ) 固定相连, 差动轮系上最多有一个副轴齿轮通过同步器 (9 ) 与 行星架 (7 ) 固定相连。 在需要换档前, 拨叉机构拨动同步器 (9), 使当前差动 轮系的行星架上需要使用的副轴齿轮提前与行星架 (7) 固套在一起, 预先选好 档位, 然后再进行换档。 由于两个周转轮系上均有四个副轴齿轮与输出轴上的 四个输出齿轮相啮合, 本发明可以在八个传动速比之间进行任意切换, 提高了 本发明的实用性。
在所述输出轴(3)上依次固套有第一输出齿轮(21)和第二输出齿轮(22), 第一输出齿轮(21)和第二输出齿轮(22)之间设置有轴套(10), 该轴套(10) 套装在输出轴 (3) 上; 在两个所述周转轮系的行星架 (7) 上均依次活套有第 一副轴齿轮 (17) 和第二副轴齿轮 (18), 两个周转轮系的第一副轴齿轮 (17) 均与第一输出齿轮 (21) 相啮合, 两个周转轮系的第二副轴齿轮 (18) 均与第 二输出齿轮 (22) 相啮合; 在两个所述周转轮系的行星架 (7) 上均套装有同步 器 (9), 该同步器 (9) 位于第一副轴齿轮 (17) 和第二副轴齿轮 (18) 之间; 两个所述同步器 (9) 均与拨叉机构相连。 在同一时刻, 行星轮系上有且仅有一 个副轴齿轮通过同步器 (9) 与行星架 (7) 固定相连, 差动轮系上最多有一个 副轴齿轮通过同步器 (9) 与行星架 (7) 固定相连。 在需要换档前, 拨叉机构 拨动同步器 (9), 使当前差动轮系的行星架上需要使用的副轴齿轮提前与行星 架 (7) 固套在一起, 预先选好档位, 然后再进行换档。 本发明可以在四个传动 速比之间进行任意切换, 提高了本发明的实用性, 同时保证了变速箱内部结构 的紧凑性。
在所述输出轴 (3) 上固套有第一输出齿轮, 在两个所述周转轮系的行星架 (7) 上均固套有第一副轴齿轮 (17), 两个周转轮系的第一副轴齿轮 (17) 均 与第一输出齿轮 (21) 相啮合。 当采用以上结构时, 可以随时在两个周转轮系 之间间切换动力传递路线, 换档更为迅速。
所述拨叉机构包括拨叉 (25)、 活塞杆 (26)、 活塞 (27) 和缸体 (28), 该 拨叉 (25) 的一端与同步器 (9) 相连, 拨叉 (25) 的另一端与活塞杆 (26) 相 连, 所述活塞杆 (26) 与缸体 (28) 内的活塞 (27) 相连, 该缸体 (28) 固定 连接在壳体(1)上。拨叉机构的缸体(28)可以选用气动活塞缸或液压活塞缸, 在换档前, 向缸体 (28) 内充入气体或液压油, 使活塞杆 (26) 左右移动, 带 动拨叉 (25) 和同步器 (9) 左右移动, 从而达到使副轴齿轮与输出齿轮相啮合 的目的。 所述拨叉机构也可选用电动拨叉器, 控制更加精确。
所述输入轴 (2) 上套装有倒档齿轮 (8), 该倒档齿轮 (8) 位于输入齿轮 (15) 的后方。
所述倒档齿轮 (8) 和 /或输入齿轮 (15) 与输入轴 (2) —体成型。
所述变速机构 (16) 为刹车片、 电磁刹车器、 齿轮传动机构或马达。 该变 速机构 (16) 可以控制太阳轮轴 (4) 的转速, 使周转轮系在行星轮系和差动轮 系之间切换, 并且采用马达等动力机构可以起到调整该周转轮系速比的目的, 使本发明具备可微调的传动比。
所述行星架 (7) 与输入轴 (2) 平行, 该行星架 (7) 还与输出轴 (3) 相 平行。 平行的结构可以使动力传递更加平稳。
所述太阳轮轴 (4) 与太阳轮 (4a) —体成型。
有益效果: 本发明在壳体内设置了两个周转轮系与输入轴相啮合, 通过两 个周转轮系在行星轮系和差动轮系之间的切换, 以达到无间隔换档的目的, 同 时降低了热量损耗, 还具有设计巧妙、 结构简单、 能耗低等特点。
附图说明
图 1为本发明实施例一的结构示意图。
图 2为图 1中一个周转轮系的结构示意图。
图 3为本发明实施例二的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例一:
如图 1、 图 2所示, 本发明由壳体 1、 输入轴 2、 输出轴 3、 太阳轮轴 4、 行 星轮 5、 齿圈 6、 行星架 7、 倒档齿轮 8、 同步器 9、 轴套 10、 输入压盖 13、 中 心轴 14、 输入齿轮 15、 变速机构 16、 第一副轴齿轮 17、 第二副轴齿轮 18、 第 三副轴齿轮 19、 第四副轴齿轮 20、 第一输出齿轮 21、 第二输出齿轮 22、 第三 副输出齿轮 23、 第四输出齿轮 24、 拨叉 25、 活塞杆 26、 活塞 27和缸体 28等 部件组成。 所述输入轴 2的尾部伸入壳体 1 内, 在该输入轴 2的尾部一体成型 有输入齿轮 15和倒档齿轮 8, 该倒档齿轮 8位于输入齿轮 15的后端。在所述壳 体 1内还设置有两组周转轮系,两个所述周转轮系均包括太阳轮轴 4、行星轮 5、 齿圈 6和行星架 7, 所述行星架 7与输入轴 2平行, 该行星架 7还与输出轴 3相 平行。 所述太阳轮轴 4通过轴承支撑在壳体 1 内, 该太阳轮轴 4的头部伸出壳 体 1外与变速机构 16相连。 在所述太阳轮轴 4与壳体 1的连接处套装有输入压 盖 13, 该太阳轮轴 4的尾部一体成型有太阳轮 4a, 且该太阳轮 4a与行星轮 5 相啮合, 所述行星轮 5架设在齿圈 6内, 且行星轮 5分别与齿圈 6和太阳轮轴 4 相啮合, 该行星轮 5通过中心轴 14固定连接在行星架 7的头部; 所述齿圈 6通 过轴承支撑在壳体 1内, 该齿圈 6具有内齿 6a和外齿 6b, 所述齿圈 6通过外齿 6b与输入齿轮 15相啮合, 该齿圈 6通过内齿 6a与行星轮 5相啮合。
如图 1所示, 在所述输出轴 3上依次固套有第一输出齿轮 21、 第二输出齿 轮 22、 第三副输出齿轮 23和第四输出齿轮 24, 相邻的两个输出齿轮之间设置 有轴套 10, 该轴套 10套装在输出轴 3上; 在两个所述周转轮系的行星架 7上均 依次活套有第一副轴齿轮 17、 第二副轴齿轮 18、 第三副轴齿轮 19和第四副轴 齿轮 20, 两个周转轮系的第一副轴齿轮 17均与第一输出齿轮 21相啮合, 两个 周转轮系的第二副轴齿轮 18均与第二输出齿轮 22相啮合, 两个周转轮系的第 三副轴齿轮 19均与第三输出齿轮 23相啮合, 两个周转轮系的第四副轴齿轮 20 均与第四输出齿轮 24相啮合; 在两个所述周转轮系的行星架 7上均套装有两个 同步器 9, 第一个同步器 9位于第一副轴齿轮 17和第二副轴齿轮 18之间, 第二 个同步器位于第三副轴齿轮 19和第四副轴齿轮 20之间, 四个所述同步器 9均 与拨叉机构相连; 在同一时刻, 行星轮系上有且仅有一个副轴齿轮通过同步器 9 与行星架 7固定相连,差动轮系上最多有一个副轴齿轮通过同步器 9与行星架 7 固定相连。
由图 1进一步可知, 所述拨叉机构包括拨叉 25、 活塞杆 26、 活塞 27和缸 体 28, 该拨叉 25的一端与同步器 9相连, 拨叉 25的另一端与活塞杆 26相连, 所述活塞杆 26与缸体 28内的活塞 27相连, 该缸体 28固定连接在壳体 1上。 本发明工作原理如下:
其中一个周转轮系上套装的第一副轴齿轮 17与第一输出齿轮 21 的啮合状 态为该变速箱的第一档, 该周转轮系上套装的第二副轴齿轮 18与第二输出齿轮 22的啮合状态为该变速箱的第三档,该周转轮系上套装的第三副轴齿轮 19与第 三输出齿轮 23的啮合状态为该变速箱的第五档, 该周转轮系上套装的第四副轴 齿轮 20与第四输出齿轮 24的啮合状态为该变速箱的第七档。 另一个周转轮系 上套装的第一副轴齿轮 17与第一输出齿轮 21的啮合状态为该变速箱的第二档, 该周转轮系上套装的第二副轴齿轮 18与第二输出齿轮 22的啮合状态为该变速 箱的第四档, 该周转轮系上套装的第三副轴齿轮 19与第三输出齿轮 23的啮合 状态为该变速箱的第六档, 该周转轮系上套装的第四副轴齿轮 20与第四输出齿 轮 24的啮合状态为该变速箱的第八档。 本机械式变速器处于一档状态时, 第一 档所在周转轮系的太阳轮轴 4由变速机构 16控制其转速, 该周转轮系成为行星 轮系, 可以传递动力, 该行星轮系上套装的第一副轴齿轮 17与第一输出齿轮 21 相啮合, 且该第一副轴齿轮 17通过同步器 9与行星架 7固套在一起。 这个行星 轮系上套装的其余副轴齿轮均活套在行星架 7上。 另外一个周转轮系的太阳轮 轴 4保持自由转动状态, 该周转轮系成为差动轮系, 无法传递动力。 当需要从 一档升为二档时, 先预先换档, 向缸体 28 内充入气体或液压油, 使活塞杆 26 移动, 带动拨叉 25和同步器 9移动, 同步器 9带动当前差动轮系的行星架 7上 的第一副轴齿轮 17与行星架 7固套在一起。 然后控制第二档所在周转轮系上套 装的变速机构 16, 控制该周转轮系的太阳轮轴 4转速, 从而使这个周转轮系成 为行星轮系。 同时, 控制第一档所在周转轮系上套装的变速机构 16, 解除该周 转轮系的太阳轮轴 4 的控制状态, 从而使该周转轮系变为差动轮系, 无法传递 动力。 此时就可以将动力从输入轴 2通过第二档所在的第一输出齿轮 21和第一 副轴齿轮 17传递给输出轴 3。
实施例二:
如图 3所示, 所述太阳轮轴 4的头部伸出壳体 1, 在太阳轮轴 4的头部套装 有刹车片, 该刹车片可由布置在其外侧的制动片制动。 在所述输出轴 3上套装 有第一输出齿轮 21, 在两个所述周转轮系的行星架 7上均套装有第一副轴齿轮 17, 两个周转轮系的第一副轴齿轮 17均与第一输出齿轮 21相啮合。 本实施例 的其余部分与实施例一相同。 在需要制动时, 通过制动片夹紧刹车片即可达到 制动的目的。 实施例三:
在所述输出轴 3上依次固套有第一输出齿轮 21和第二输出齿轮 22,第一输 出齿轮 21和第二输出齿轮 22之间设置有轴套 10,该轴套 10套装在输出轴 3上; 在两个所述周转轮系的行星架 7上均依次活套有第一副轴齿轮 17和第二副轴齿 轮 18, 两个周转轮系的第一副轴齿轮 17均与第一输出齿轮 21相啮合, 两个周 转轮系的第二副轴齿轮 18均与第二输出齿轮 22相啮合; 在两个所述周转轮系 的行星架 7上均套装有同步器 9, 该同步器 9位于第一副轴齿轮 17和第二副轴 齿轮 18之间; 两个所述同步器 9均与拨叉机构相连; 行星轮系上有且仅有一个 副轴齿轮通过同步器 9与行星架 7固定相连, 差动轮系上最多有一个副轴齿轮 通过同步器 9与行星架 7固定相连。 本实施例的其余部分与实施例一相同。 实施例四:
本实施例中, 所述变速机构 16为马达, 本实施例的其余部分与实施例一相 同。
实施例五:
本实施例中, 所述倒档齿轮 8套装在输出轴 3的头部, 本实施例的其余部 分与实施例一相同。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种可预选档的机械式变速器, 包括壳体 (1)、 输入轴 (2) 和输出轴 (3), 所述输入轴 (2) 的尾部伸入壳体 (1) 内, 在该输入轴 (2) 的尾部套装 有输入齿轮 (15), 在所述输出轴 (3) 上套装有输出齿轮, 其特征在于: 在所 述壳体 (1) 内设置有两组周转轮系, 两组周转轮系均包括太阳轮轴 (4)、 行星 轮(5)、 齿圈 (6)和行星架 (7), 所述太阳轮轴 (4)通过轴承支撑在壳体(1) 内, 该太阳轮轴 (4) 与变速机构 (16) 相连接, 在所述太阳轮轴 (4) 的轴身 上还套装有太阳轮 (4a), 该太阳轮 (4a) 与行星轮 (5) 相啮合, 所述行星轮 (5) 套装在行星架 (7) 的头部; 所述齿圈 (6) 通过轴承支撑在壳体 (1) 内, 该齿圈 (6) 具有内齿 (6a) 和外齿 (6b), 所述齿圈 (6) 通过外齿 (6b) 与输 入齿轮 (15) 相啮合, 该齿圈 (6) 通过内齿 (6a) 与行星轮 (5) 相啮合; 在 行星架 (7) 的尾部套装有副轴齿轮, 该副轴齿轮与输出齿轮相啮合。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种可预选档的机械式变速器, 其特征在于: 在 所述输出轴 (3) 上依次固套有第一输出齿轮 (21)、 第二输出齿轮 (22)、 第三 副输出齿轮 (23) 和第四输出齿轮 (24), 相邻的两个输出齿轮之间设置有轴套
(10), 该轴套(10)套装在输出轴 (3)上; 在两个所述周转轮系的行星架(7) 上均依次活套有第一副轴齿轮 (17)、 第二副轴齿轮 (18)、 第三副轴齿轮 (19) 和第四副轴齿轮 (20), 两个周转轮系的第一副轴齿轮 (17) 均与第一输出齿轮
(21) 相啮合, 两个周转轮系的第二副轴齿轮 (18) 均与第二输出齿轮 (22) 相啮合, 两个周转轮系的第三副轴齿轮 (19) 均与第三输出齿轮 (23) 相啮合, 两个周转轮系的第四副轴齿轮 (20) 均与第四输出齿轮 (24) 相啮合; 在两个 所述周转轮系的行星架 (7) 上均套装有两个同步器 (9), 第一个同步器 (9) 位于第一副轴齿轮 (17) 和第二副轴齿轮 (18) 之间, 第二个同步器位于第三 副轴齿轮 (19) 和第四副轴齿轮 (20) 之间, 四个所述同步器 (9) 均与拨叉机 构相连。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种可预选档的机械式变速器, 其特征在于: 在 所述输出轴 (3) 上依次固套有第一输出齿轮 (21) 和第二输出齿轮 (22), 第 一输出齿轮 (21) 和第二输出齿轮 (22) 之间设置有轴套 (10), 该轴套 (10) 套装在输出轴 (3) 上; 在两个所述周转轮系的行星架 (7) 上均依次活套有第 一副轴齿轮 (17) 和第二副轴齿轮 (18), 两个周转轮系的第一副轴齿轮 (17) 均与第一输出齿轮 (21) 相啮合, 两个周转轮系的第二副轴齿轮 (18) 均与第 二输出齿轮 (22) 相啮合; 在两个所述周转轮系的行星架 (7) 上均套装有同步 器 (9), 该同步器 (9) 位于第一副轴齿轮 (17) 和第二副轴齿轮 (18) 之间; 两个所述同步器 (9) 均与拨叉机构相连。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种可预选档的机械式变速器, 其特征在于: 在 所述输出轴 (3) 上固套有第一输出齿轮 (21), 在两个所述周转轮系的行星架
(7) 上均固套有第一副轴齿轮 (17), 两个周转轮系的第一副轴齿轮 (17) 均 与第一输出齿轮 (21) 相啮合。
5、根据权利要求 2或 3所述的一种可预选档的机械式变速器,其特征在于: 所述拨叉机构包括拨叉 (25)、 活塞杆 (26)、 活塞 (27) 和缸体 (28), 该拨叉
(25) 的一端与同步器 (9) 相连, 拨叉 (25) 的另一端与活塞杆 (26) 相连, 所述活塞杆 (26) 与缸体 (28) 内的活塞 (27) 相连。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种可预选档的机械式变速器, 其特征在于: 所 述输入轴 (2 ) 上套装有倒档齿轮 (8 ), 该倒档齿轮 (8 ) 位于输入齿轮 (15 ) 的后方。
7、根据权利要求 1或 6所述的一种可预选档的机械式变速器,其特征在于: 所述倒档齿轮 (8) 和 /或输入齿轮 (15) 与输入轴 (2 ) —体成型。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种可预选档的机械式变速器, 其特征在于: 所 述变速机构 (16) 为刹车片、 电磁刹车器、 齿轮传动机构或马达。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种可预选档的机械式变速器, 其特征在于: 所 述行星架 (7) 与输入轴 (2 ) 平行, 该行星架 (7) 还与输出轴 (3 ) 相平行。
10、 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种可预选档的机械式变速器, 其特征在于: 所述太阳轮轴 (4) 与太阳轮 (4a) —体成型。
PCT/CN2012/081463 2012-07-10 2012-09-17 一种可预选档的机械式变速器 WO2014008711A1 (zh)

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