WO2014008710A1 - 一种可预选档的变速器 - Google Patents

一种可预选档的变速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014008710A1
WO2014008710A1 PCT/CN2012/081460 CN2012081460W WO2014008710A1 WO 2014008710 A1 WO2014008710 A1 WO 2014008710A1 CN 2012081460 W CN2012081460 W CN 2012081460W WO 2014008710 A1 WO2014008710 A1 WO 2014008710A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gear
shaft
output
countershaft
epicyclic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/081460
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
石崇华
李华玲
Original Assignee
Shi Chonghua
Li Hualing
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shi Chonghua, Li Hualing filed Critical Shi Chonghua
Publication of WO2014008710A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014008710A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/006Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion power being selectively transmitted by either one of the parallel flow paths
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H3/00Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/721Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with an energy dissipating device, e.g. regulating brake or fluid throttle, in order to vary speed continuously

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gear transmission, and more particularly to a pre-selectable transmission.
  • the transmission is a gear transmission that can fix or change the transmission ratio of the output shaft and the input shaft.
  • the transmission on the vehicle changes the torque of the engine crankshaft by changing the transmission ratio to adapt to starting, accelerating, driving and overcoming various road obstacles.
  • the need to drive different wheel traction and vehicle speed requirements is one of the most important components in the automotive transmission system.
  • the car shifting mechanism is generally a shifting gear or other gear shifting mechanism, so that one gear pair of the original gear position is disengaged, and then the gear pair of the other gear is put into operation, but must be stepped before shifting.
  • the lower clutch pedal interrupts the power transmission, which facilitates the disengagement of the meshing pair of the original gear position, and at the same time, the speed of the meshing portion of the new gear meshing pair is gradually synchronized, and the process from the interruption of the power transmission to the new gear position tends to be synchronized. It wastes a certain amount of time and consumes a lot of oil.
  • the power shift is usually carried out, usually using a dual clutch transmission, but the clutch system of the dual clutch transmission is switched from zero when the clutch is switched. It takes a short time for a big time, so it is impossible to make a completely interval-free shift.
  • the dual clutch transmission adopts a friction transmission system, it is not limited by the friction force to transmit a large torque, and the heat generation is high and easy to wear.
  • a preselectable transmission includes a housing (1), an input shaft (2) and an output shaft (3), and a tail portion of the input shaft (2) projects into the housing (1) Inside, an input gear (15) is fitted to the tail of the input shaft (2), an output gear is provided on the output shaft (3), and two sets of epicyclic gear trains are arranged in the casing (1).
  • the two sets of epicyclic gear trains include a sun gear shaft (4), a planetary gear (5), a ring gear (6) and a planet carrier (7), and the sun gear shaft (4) is supported in the casing (1) by bearings,
  • the shaft of the sun gear shaft (4) is provided with a power gear (29), and the power gear (29) meshes with the input gear (15), and the sun gear (4a) is also mounted on the shaft of the sun gear shaft (4).
  • the sun gear (4a) meshes with the planet gear (5)
  • the planet gear (5) is fitted to the head of the planet carrier (7)
  • the planet carrier (7) is coupled to the shifting mechanism
  • the ring (6) is supported by the bearing in the housing (1), the ring gear (6) meshes with the planet gear (5) through the internal teeth (6a); the tail of the ring gear (6)
  • a ring gear shaft (6b) is fixedly coupled to the ring gear shaft (6b), and a counter gear is fitted to the output gear.
  • the carrier (7) of one of the epicyclic gear trains is controlled by the shifting mechanism to have its degree of freedom of zero, so that the epicyclic gear train becomes a planetary gear train, from the input shaft (2)
  • the input torque is transmitted to the sun gear (4a) of the current planetary gear train via the input gear (15), and then the sun gear
  • the shifting mechanism of the epicyclic gear train that is transmitting power cancels the control state of the carrier (7) of the epicyclic gear train, and the planetary carrier (7) of the planetary gear train is turned into a freely rotating state, thereby
  • the epicyclic gear train becomes a differential gear train and cannot transmit power; at the same time, the planet carrier (7) of another epicyclic gear train passes through the transmission
  • the structure (16) controls its rotational speed so that the epicyclic gear train becomes a planetary gear train, and power is transmitted from the input shaft (2) to the output shaft (3) via the countershaft gear set on the planetary gear train.
  • a first output gear (21), a second output gear (22), a third auxiliary output gear (23) and a fourth output gear (24) are sequentially fixed on the output shaft (3), and adjacent two A bushing (10) is disposed between the output gears, and the bushing (10) is sleeved on the output shaft (3); and the ring gear shafts (6b) of the two epicyclic gear trains are sequentially a pair of shaft gears (17), a second countershaft gear (18), a third countershaft gear (19) and a fourth countershaft gear (20), and a first countershaft gear (17) of the two epicyclic gear trains Engaging with the first output gear (21), the second counter gears (18) of the two epicyclic gear trains mesh with the second output gear (22), and the third countershaft gears of the two epicyclic gear trains (19) Both meshing with the third output gear (23), the fourth counter gears (20) of the two epicyclic gear trains are meshed with the fourth output gear (24); the ring gears of the two of the epi
  • one and only one countershaft gear on the planetary gear train is fixedly connected to the ring gear shaft (6b) via the synchronizer (9), and at most one countershaft gear on the differential gear train passes through the synchronizer (9)
  • the ring gear shaft (6b) is fixedly connected.
  • the fork mechanism dials the synchronizer (9) so that the countershaft gear to be used on the planet carrier of the current differential train is pre-set with the ring gear shaft (6b), and the gear is pre-selected. Bit, then shift again. Since there are four countershaft gears and output shafts on the two epicyclic gear trains The upper four output gears are meshed, and the present invention can be arbitrarily switched between eight transmission speed ratios, improving the utility of the present invention.
  • a first output gear (21) and a second output gear (22) are sequentially fixed on the output shaft (3), and a sleeve is arranged between the first output gear (21) and the second output gear (22) (10), the sleeve (10) is set on the output shaft (3); on the ring gear shaft (6b) of the two epicyclic gear trains, the first countershaft gear (17) and the first Two countershaft gears (18), the first countershaft gears (17) of the two epicyclic gear trains are meshed with the first output gear (21), and the second countershaft gears (18) of the two epicyclic gear trains are The second output gear (22) is meshed; a synchronizer (9) is disposed on the ring gear shaft (6b) of the two epicyclic gear trains, and the synchronizer (9) is located in the first counter gear (17) And between the second countershaft gear (18); both of the synchronizers (9) are connected to the fork mechanism.
  • one and only one countershaft gear on the planetary gear train is fixedly connected to the ring gear shaft (6b) via the synchronizer (9), and at most one countershaft gear on the differential gear train passes through the synchronizer (9)
  • the ring gear shaft (6b) is fixedly connected.
  • the fork mechanism dials the synchronizer (9) so that the countershaft gear of the current differential gear train (6b) needs to be pre-set with the ring gear shaft (6b) in advance. Select the gear and then shift.
  • the present invention can perform arbitrary switching between the four transmission speed ratios, improving the practicability of the present invention and ensuring the compactness of the internal structure of the reduction gearbox.
  • a first output gear (21) is fixed on the output shaft (3), and a first counter gear (17) is fixed on the ring gear shaft (6b) of the two epicyclic gear trains.
  • the first counter gear (17) of each of the epicyclic gear trains meshes with the first output gear (21).
  • the fork mechanism includes a shift fork (25), a piston rod (26), a piston (27) and a cylinder (28).
  • One end of the shift fork (25) is connected to the synchronizer (9), and the shift fork (25) The other end is opposite the piston rod (26)
  • the piston rod (26) is connected to the piston (27) in the cylinder block (28), and the cylinder block (28) is fixedly connected to the casing (1).
  • the cylinder body (28) of the fork mechanism can be pneumatically selected. Piston cylinder or hydraulic piston cylinder, before shifting, fill the cylinder (28) with gas or hydraulic oil to move the piston rod (26) to the left and right, and drive the fork (25) and the synchronizer (9) to move left and right. Thereby, the purpose of meshing the counter gear with the output gear is achieved.
  • the fork mechanism can also be equipped with an electric fork for more precise control.
  • the input shaft (2) is provided with a reverse gear (8) which is located behind the input gear (15).
  • the reverse gear (8) and/or the input gear (15) are integrally formed with the input shaft (2).
  • the shifting mechanism is a brake pad, an electromagnetic brake, a gear transmission mechanism or a motor.
  • the shifting mechanism can control the rotation speed of the sun gear shaft (4), and the epicyclic gear train can be switched between the planetary gear train and the differential gear train, and the power mechanism such as a motor can be used to adjust the speed ratio of the epicyclic gear train.
  • the invention has a finely adjustable power transmission ratio.
  • the ring gear shaft (6b) is parallel to the input shaft (2), and the carrier ring gear shaft (6b) is also parallel to the output shaft (3).
  • the parallel structure makes the power transmission smoother.
  • the sun gear shaft (4) is integrally formed with the sun gear (4a).
  • the present invention provides two epicyclic gear trains in the housing to mesh with the input shaft, and switches between the planetary gear train and the differential gear train through two epicyclic gear trains to achieve the purpose of no-interval shifting. At the same time, it reduces heat loss, and has the characteristics of clever design, simple structure and low energy consumption.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of an epicyclic gear train of Figure 1.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the present invention comprises a housing 1, an input shaft 2, an output shaft 3, a sun gear shaft 4, a planetary gear 5, a ring gear 6, a carrier 7, a reverse gear 8, a synchronizer 9, and a shaft.
  • the sleeve 10, the input gland 13, the center shaft 14, the input gear 15, the brake pad 16, the first counter gear 17, the second counter gear 18, the third counter gear 19, the fourth counter gear 20, the first The output gear 21, the second output gear 22, the third auxiliary output gear 23, the fourth output gear 24, the shift fork 25, the piston rod 26, the piston 27, the cylinder 28, and the power gear 29 are composed of components.
  • the tail portion of the input shaft 2 projects into the housing 1, and an input gear 15 and a reverse gear 8 are integrally formed at the rear end of the input shaft 2, and the reverse gear 8 is located at the rear end of the input gear 15.
  • Also provided in the housing 1 are two sets of epicyclic gear trains, each of which includes a sun gear shaft 4, a planetary gear 5, a ring gear 6 and a planet carrier 7, the sun gear shaft 4 being supported by bearings
  • An input gland 13 is disposed in the housing 1 at a joint between the head of the sun gear shaft 4 and the housing 1.
  • the power gear 29 is integrally formed on the shaft body of the sun gear shaft 4, and the power gear 29 and the input gear 15 are integrally formed.
  • a sun gear 4a is integrally formed on the shaft of the sun gear shaft 4, and the sun gear 4a is meshed with the planetary gear 5.
  • the planet gears 5 are mounted in the ring gear 6 and the planet gears 5 are respectively meshed with the ring gear 6 and the sun gear 4a.
  • the planet wheels 5 are fixedly connected to the planet carrier 7 via a central shaft 14 of the planet carrier 7 Brakes 16 are disposed on both sides; the ring gear 6 is supported in the housing 1 by bearings, and the ring gear 6 is meshed with the planetary gears 5 through the internal teeth 6a; the ring gear of the ring gear 6 is fixedly coupled with a ring gear shaft 6b, a countershaft gear is fitted on the ring gear shaft 6b, and the countershaft gear meshes with the output gear.
  • the ring gear shaft 6b is parallel to the input shaft 2, which is also parallel to the output shaft 3.
  • a first output gear 21, a second output gear 22, a third auxiliary output gear 23 and a fourth output gear 24 are sequentially fixed on the output shaft 3, and two adjacent output gears are Setting a sleeve 10 is disposed on the output shaft 3; the first counter gear 17 and the second counter gear 18 are sequentially looped on the ring gear shaft 6b of the two epicyclic gear trains.
  • the two output gears 22 are meshed
  • the third counter gears 19 of the two epicyclic gear trains are meshed with the third output gear 23,
  • the fourth counter gears 20 of the two epicyclic gear trains are meshed with the fourth output gear 24
  • Two synchronizers 9 are disposed on the ring gear shaft 6b of the two epicyclic gear trains, and the first synchronizer 9 is located between the first counter gear 17 and the second counter gear 18, the second The synchronizer is located between the third countershaft gear 19 and the fourth countershaft gear 20, and the four synchronizers 9 are all connected to the fork mechanism; at the same time, one and only one countershaft gear passes through the planetary gear train
  • the synchronizer 9 is fixedly coupled to the ring gear shaft 6b, and at most
  • the fork mechanism includes a shift fork 25, a piston rod 26, a piston 27 and a cylinder block 28.
  • One end of the shift fork 25 is connected to the synchronizer 9, and the other end of the shift fork 25 is connected to the piston rod 26.
  • the piston rod 26 is connected to a piston 27 in the cylinder block 28, and the cylinder block 28 is fixedly coupled to the housing 1.
  • the meshing state of the first counter gear 17 and the first output gear 21 of one of the epicyclic gears is the first gear of the gearbox, and the second counter gear 18 and the second output gear of the set on the epicyclic gear
  • the meshing state of the gearbox is the third gear of the gearbox
  • the meshing state of the third countershaft gear 19 and the third output gear 23 of the set of the epicyclic gear train is the fifth gear of the gearbox
  • the epicyclic gear set is
  • the meshing state of the fourth countershaft gear 20 and the fourth output gear 24 is the seventh gear of the transmission.
  • the engagement state of the first counter gear 17 and the first output gear 21 of the other epicyclic gear train is the second gear of the transmission, and the second counter gear 18 and the second output gear of the set on the epicyclic gear
  • the meshing state of 22 is the shifting speed In the fourth gear of the box
  • the meshing state of the third counter gear 19 and the third output gear 23 of the set on the epicyclic gear is the sixth gear of the gearbox
  • the fourth counter gear 20 of the set is mounted on the epicyclic gear
  • the meshing state with the fourth output gear 24 is the eighth gear of the transmission.
  • the carrier 7 of the epicyclic gear train in which the first gear is located is braked by the brake pad 16, and the epicyclic gear train becomes a planetary gear train, which can transmit power, and the first set of the planetary gear train
  • the counter gear 17 meshes with the first output gear 21, and the first counter gear 17 is fixedly fitted to the carrier 7 via the synchronizer 9.
  • the remaining countershaft gears of the set on this planetary gear train are looped over the ring gear shaft 6b.
  • the carrier 7 of the other epicyclic gear train is kept in a freely rotating state, and the epicyclic gear train becomes a differential gear train and cannot transmit power.
  • the gear When it is necessary to upgrade from the first gear to the second gear, the gear is pre-shifted, and the cylinder 28 is filled with gas or hydraulic oil to move the piston rod 26, and the shift fork 25 and the synchronizer 9 are moved, and the synchronizer 9 drives the current difference.
  • the first counter gear 17 on the carrier 7 of the moving gear train is sleeved with the ring gear shaft 6b.
  • the brake pads 16 on the epicyclic gear train of the second gear are then controlled to control the rotational speed of the planet carrier 7 of the epicyclic gear train, thereby making this epicyclic gear train a planetary gear train.
  • the brake pad 16 on the epicyclic gear train that controls the first gear is released from the braking state of the carrier 7 of the epicyclic gear train, so that the epicyclic gear train becomes a differential gear train and power cannot be transmitted.
  • power can be transmitted from the input shaft 2 to the output shaft 3 through the first output gear 21 and the first counter gear 17 where the second gear is located.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • a first output gear 21 is disposed on the output shaft 3, and a first counter gear 17 is disposed on the ring gear shaft 6b of the two epicyclic gear trains, and a first countershaft gear of the two epicyclic gear trains 17 are both meshed with the first output gear 21.
  • the rest of the embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the brake pads can be clamped by the brake pads to achieve the purpose of braking.
  • a first output gear 21 and a second output gear 22 are sequentially sleeved on the output shaft 3, and a sleeve 10 is disposed between the first output gear 21 and the second output gear 22, and the sleeve 10 is set on the output shaft 3; on the ring gear shaft 6b of the two epicyclic gear trains, a first countershaft gear 17 and a second countershaft gear 18 are sequentially looped, and the first countershaft gears 17 of the two epicyclic gear trains are respectively The first output gear 21 is meshed, and the second counter gears 18 of the two epicyclic gear trains are meshed with the second output gear 22; the synchronizer 9 is provided on the ring gear shaft 6b of the two of the epicyclic gear trains.
  • the synchronizer 9 is located between the first counter gear 17 and the second counter gear 18; both of the synchronizers 9 are connected to the fork mechanism; one and only one countershaft gear on the planetary gear train is synchronized
  • the 9 is fixedly coupled to the ring gear shaft 6b, and at most one of the counter gears is fixedly coupled to the ring gear shaft 6b via the synchronizer 9.
  • the rest of the embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • Embodiment 4 is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the shifting mechanism is an electric motor, and the rest of the embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

一种可预选档的变速器,输入轴(2)的尾部套装有输入齿轮(15),在壳体(1)内设置有两组周转轮系,在太阳轮轴(4)的轴身上还装有太阳轮(4a),且该太阳轮(4a)与行星轮(5)相啮合,所述行星轮(5)套装在行星架(7)上,该行星架(7)与变速机构相连接;齿圈(6)通过轴承支撑在壳体(1)内,该齿圈(6)的尾部固定相连有齿圈轴(6b),在该齿圈轴(6b)上套装有副轴齿轮,该副轴齿轮与输出齿轮相啮合。通过在壳体内设置两个周转轮系与输入轴相啮合,两个周转轮系分别在行星轮系和差动轮系之间切换,达到无间隔换档的目的,降低了能量损耗,具有结构简单、能耗低的特点。

Description

一种可预选档的变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种齿轮传动装置, 特别涉及一种可预选档的变速器。
背景技术
变速器是能固定或改变输出轴和输入轴传动比的齿轮传动装置, 汽车上的 变速器是通过改变传动比, 改变发动机曲轴的扭力, 以适应在起步、 加速、 行 驶以及克服各种道路阻碍等不同行驶条件下, 对驱动车轮牵引力及车速不同要 求的需要, 是汽车传动系中最主要的部件之一。 目前汽车换档机制一般是拨动 齿轮或其他挂档机构, 使原用档位的某一齿轮副脱开传动, 再使另一档位的齿 轮副进入工作, 但是在换档前都必须踩下离合器踏板, 中断动力传动, 便于使 原档位的啮合副脱开, 同时使新档位啮合副的啮合部位的速度逐步趋向同步, 这个从中断动力传动至新档位趋于同步的过程需要浪费一定时间, 同时又耗费 了油量。 为了使换档过程中, 发动机的动力始终不断的被传递到车轮上, 实现 动力换档, 通常采用双离合变速器, 但是双离合变速器的离合系统在切换离合 器时, 由于离合器的摩擦力从零增大需要一个短暂的时间, 因此无法做到彻底 无间隔换档。 又由于双离合变速器是采用摩擦传动系统, 受摩擦力所限不能传 递大扭矩, 并且发热量高、 容易磨损。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种能够无间隔换档并且传递大扭矩 的变速器。 本发明的技术方案如下: 一种可预选档的变速器, 包括壳体 (1)、 输入轴 (2)和输出轴(3), 所述输入轴(2)的尾部伸入壳体(1) 内, 在该输入轴(2) 的尾部套装有输入齿轮 (15), 在所述输出轴 (3) 上套装有输出齿轮, 在所述 壳体 (1) 内设置有两组周转轮系, 两组周转轮系均包括太阳轮轴 (4)、 行星轮 (5)、 齿圈 (6) 和行星架 (7), 所述太阳轮轴 (4) 通过轴承支撑在壳体 (1) 内, 该太阳轮轴 (4) 的轴身上套装有动力齿轮 (29), 所述动力齿轮 (29) 与 输入齿轮 (15) 相啮合, 在该太阳轮轴 (4) 的轴身上还套装有太阳轮 (4a), 且该太阳轮 (4a) 与行星轮 (5) 相啮合, 所述行星轮 (5) 套装在行星架 (7) 的头部, 该行星架 (7) 与变速机构相连接; 所述齿圈 (6) 通过轴承支撑在壳 体 (1) 内, 该齿圈 (6) 通过内齿 (6a) 与行星轮 (5) 相啮合; 所述齿圈 (6) 的尾部固定相连有齿圈轴 (6b), 在该齿圈轴 (6b) 上套装有副轴齿轮, 该副轴 齿轮与输出齿轮相啮合。
本发明在平时工作时, 其中一组周转轮系的行星架 (7) 由变速机构控制其 转速, 使其自由度为零, 从而使这个周转轮系成为行星轮系, 从输入轴 (2) 输 入的扭矩经过输入齿轮 (15) 传递给当前行星轮系的太阳轮 (4a), 再由太阳轮
(4a) 传递给行星轮 (5), 然后通过行星轮 (5) 将扭矩传递给齿圈轴 (6b), 再经由副轴齿轮传递给输出齿轮, 最后传递给输出轴 (3) 带动从动设备工作。 另外一组周转轮系的行星架 (7) 保持自由转动状态, 从而使这个周转轮系成为 差动轮系, 动力无法从输入轴 (2) 经由当前差动轮系传递给输出轴 (3)。 在换 档时, 正在传递动力的周转轮系的变速机构解除该周转轮系的行星架 (7) 的控 制状态, 使该行星轮系的行星架 (7) 转为自由转动状态, 从而使该周转轮系变 为差动轮系, 无法传递动力; 同时, 另一个周转轮系的行星架 (7) 通过变速机 构(16)控制其转速, 从而使这个周转轮系成为行星轮系, 将动力从输入轴(2) 经由这个行星轮系上套装的副轴齿轮传递给输出轴 (3)。 由于通过齿轮传动机 构进行换档, 不需要通过离合器来实现, 节省了摩擦力增大的时间, 相较于传 统变速器又省去了齿轮脱开再离合的过程, 因此换档时间可以忽略不计, 保证 了发动机的动力始终不断的被传递到车轮上, 实现了无间隔换档。 同时, 由于 采用的齿轮式换档, 能够传递较大的扭矩, 并且减少了离合器摩擦产生的热量。
在所述输出轴(3)上依次固套有第一输出齿轮(21)、 第二输出齿轮(22)、 第三副输出齿轮 (23) 和第四输出齿轮 (24), 相邻的两个输出齿轮之间设置有 轴套 (10), 该轴套 (10) 套装在输出轴 (3) 上; 在两个所述周转轮系的齿圈 轴 (6b) 上均依次活套有第一副轴齿轮 (17)、 第二副轴齿轮 (18)、 第三副轴 齿轮 (19) 和第四副轴齿轮 (20), 两个周转轮系的第一副轴齿轮 (17) 均与第 一输出齿轮 (21) 相啮合, 两个周转轮系的第二副轴齿轮 (18) 均与第二输出 齿轮(22)相啮合, 两个周转轮系的第三副轴齿轮(19)均与第三输出齿轮(23) 相啮合, 两个周转轮系的第四副轴齿轮 (20) 均与第四输出齿轮 (24) 相啮合; 在两个所述周转轮系的齿圈轴 (6b) 上均套装有两个同步器 (9), 第一个同步 器 (9) 位于第一副轴齿轮 (17) 和第二副轴齿轮 (18) 之间, 第二个同步器位 于第三副轴齿轮 (19) 和第四副轴齿轮 (20) 之间, 四个所述同步器 (9) 均与 拨叉机构相连。在同一时刻,行星轮系上有且仅有一个副轴齿轮通过同步器(9) 与齿圈轴 (6b) 固定相连, 差动轮系上最多有一个副轴齿轮通过同步器 (9) 与 齿圈轴 (6b) 固定相连。 在需要换档前, 拨叉机构拨动同步器 (9), 使当前差 动轮系的行星架上需要使用的副轴齿轮提前与齿圈轴 (6b) 固套在一起, 预先 选好档位, 然后再进行换档。 由于两个周转轮系上均有四个副轴齿轮与输出轴 上的四个输出齿轮相啮合, 本发明可以在八个传动速比之间进行任意切换, 提 高了本发明的实用性。
在所述输出轴(3)上依次固套有第一输出齿轮(21)和第二输出齿轮(22), 第一输出齿轮(21)和第二输出齿轮(22)之间设置有轴套(10), 该轴套(10) 套装在输出轴 (3) 上; 在两个所述周转轮系的齿圈轴 (6b) 上均依次活套有第 一副轴齿轮 (17) 和第二副轴齿轮 (18), 两个周转轮系的第一副轴齿轮 (17) 均与第一输出齿轮 (21) 相啮合, 两个周转轮系的第二副轴齿轮 (18) 均与第 二输出齿轮 (22) 相啮合; 在两个所述周转轮系的齿圈轴 (6b) 上均套装有同 步器(9), 该同步器(9)位于第一副轴齿轮(17)和第二副轴齿轮(18)之间; 两个所述同步器 (9) 均与拨叉机构相连。 在同一时刻, 行星轮系上有且仅有一 个副轴齿轮通过同步器 (9) 与齿圈轴 (6b) 固定相连, 差动轮系上最多有一个 副轴齿轮通过同步器 (9) 与齿圈轴 (6b) 固定相连。 在需要换档前, 拨叉机构 拨动同步器 (9), 使当前差动轮系的齿圈轴 (6b) 需要使用的副轴齿轮提前与 齿圈轴 (6b) 固套在一起, 预先选好档位, 然后再进行换档。 本发明可以在四 个传动速比之间进行任意切换, 提高了本发明的实用性, 同时保证了减速箱内 部结构的紧凑性。
在所述输出轴 (3) 上固套有第一输出齿轮 (21), 在两个所述周转轮系的 齿圈轴(6b)上均固套有第一副轴齿轮(17),两个周转轮系的第一副轴齿轮(17) 均与第一输出齿轮 (21) 相啮合。 当采用以上结构时, 可以随时在两个周转轮 系之间切换动力传递路线, 换档更为迅速。
所述拨叉机构包括拨叉 (25)、 活塞杆 (26)、 活塞 (27) 和缸体 (28), 该 拨叉 (25) 的一端与同步器 (9) 相连, 拨叉 (25) 的另一端与活塞杆 (26) 相 连, 所述活塞杆 (26与缸体 (28 ) 内的活塞 (27) 相连, 该缸体 (28) 固定连 接在壳体 (1 ) 上。 拨叉机构的缸体 (28 ) 可以选用气动活塞缸或液压活塞缸, 在换档前, 向缸体 (28 ) 内充入气体或液压油, 使活塞杆 (26 ) 左右移动, 带 动拨叉 (25) 和同步器 (9 ) 左右移动, 从而达到副轴齿轮与输出齿轮相啮合的 目的。 所述拨叉机构也可选用电动拨叉器, 控制更加精确。
所述输入轴 (2 ) 上套装有倒档齿轮 (8 ), 该倒档齿轮 (8 ) 位于输入齿轮 ( 15) 的后方。
所述倒档齿轮 (8 ) 和 /或输入齿轮 (15) 与输入轴 (2 ) —体成型。
所述变速机构为刹车片、 电磁刹车器、 齿轮传动机构或马达。 该变速机构 可以控制太阳轮轴 (4) 的转速, 使周转轮系在行星轮系和差动轮系之间切换, 并且采用马达等动力机构可以起到调整该周转轮系速比的目的, 使本发明具备 可微调的动力传动比。
所述齿圈轴 (6b ) 与输入轴 (2 ) 平行, 该行星架齿圈轴 (6b) 还与输出轴 (3) 相平行。 平行的结构可以使动力传递更加平稳。
所述太阳轮轴 (4) 与太阳轮 (4a) —体成型。
有益效果: 本发明在壳体内设置了两个周转轮系与输入轴相啮合, 通过两 个周转轮系在行星轮系和差动轮系之间的切换, 以达到无间隔换档的目的, 同 时降低了热量损耗, 还具有设计巧妙、 结构简单、 能耗低等特点。
附图说明
图 1为本发明实施例一的结构示意图。
图 2为图 1中一个周转轮系的结构示意图。
具体实施方式 下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例一:
如图 1、 图 2所示, 本发明由壳体 1、 输入轴 2、 输出轴 3、 太阳轮轴 4、 行 星轮 5、 齿圈 6、 行星架 7、 倒档齿轮 8、 同步器 9、 轴套 10、 输入压盖 13、 中 心轴 14、 输入齿轮 15、 刹车片 16、 第一副轴齿轮 17、 第二副轴齿轮 18、 第三 副轴齿轮 19、 第四副轴齿轮 20、 第一输出齿轮 21、 第二输出齿轮 22、 第三副 输出齿轮 23、 第四输出齿轮 24、 拨叉 25、 活塞杆 26、 活塞 27、 缸体 28和动力 齿轮 29等部件组成。 所述输入轴 2的尾部伸入壳体 1内, 在该输入轴 2的尾部 一体成型有输入齿轮 15和倒档齿轮 8, 该倒档齿轮 8位于输入齿轮 15的后端。 在所述壳体 1内还设置有两组周转轮系, 两个所述周转轮系均包括太阳轮轴 4、 行星轮 5、 齿圈 6和行星架 7, 所述太阳轮轴 4通过轴承支撑在壳体 1内, 在该 太阳轮轴 4的头部与壳体 1的连接处套装有输入压盖 13, 所述太阳轮轴 4的轴 身上一体成型有动力齿轮 29, 该动力齿轮 29与输入齿轮 15相啮合, 在该太阳 轮轴 4的轴身上还一体成型有太阳轮 4a, 且该太阳轮 4a与行星轮 5相啮合。所 述行星轮 5架设在齿圈 6内, 且行星轮 5分别与齿圈 6和太阳轮 4a相啮合, 所 述行星轮 5通过中心轴 14固定连接在行星架 7上, 该行星架 7的两侧设置有刹 车片 16; 所述齿圈 6通过轴承支撑在壳体 1内, 该齿圈 6通过内齿 6a与行星轮 5相啮合; 所述齿圈 6的尾部固定相连有齿圈轴 6b, 在该齿圈轴 6b上套装有副 轴齿轮, 该副轴齿轮与输出齿轮相啮合。 所述齿圈轴 6b与输入轴 2平行, 该齿 圈轴 6b还与输出轴 3相平行。
如图 1所示, 在所述输出轴 3上依次固套有第一输出齿轮 21、 第二输出齿 轮 22、 第三副输出齿轮 23和第四输出齿轮 24, 相邻的两个输出齿轮之间设置 有轴套 10, 该轴套 10套装在输出轴 3上; 在两个所述周转轮系的齿圈轴 6b上 均依次活套有第一副轴齿轮 17、 第二副轴齿轮 18、 第三副轴齿轮 19和第四副 轴齿轮 20, 两个周转轮系的第一副轴齿轮 17均与第一输出齿轮 21相啮合, 两 个周转轮系的第二副轴齿轮 18均与第二输出齿轮 22相啮合, 两个周转轮系的 第三副轴齿轮 19均与第三输出齿轮 23相啮合, 两个周转轮系的第四副轴齿轮 20均与第四输出齿轮 24相啮合; 在两个所述周转轮系的齿圈轴 6b上均套装有 两个同步器 9, 第一个同步器 9位于第一副轴齿轮 17和第二副轴齿轮 18之间, 第二个同步器位于第三副轴齿轮 19和第四副轴齿轮 20之间,四个所述同步器 9 均与拨叉机构相连; 在同一时刻, 行星轮系上有且仅有一个副轴齿轮通过同步 器 9与齿圈轴 6b固定相连, 差动轮系上最多有一个副轴齿轮通过同步器 9与行 星架 7固定相连。
由图 1进一步可知, 所述拨叉机构包括拨叉 25、 活塞杆 26、 活塞 27和缸 体 28, 该拨叉 25的一端与同步器 9相连, 拨叉 25的另一端与活塞杆 26相连, 所述活塞杆 26与缸体 28内的活塞 27相连, 该缸体 28固定连接在壳体 1上。 本发明工作原理如下:
其中一个周转轮系上套装的第一副轴齿轮 17与第一输出齿轮 21 的啮合状 态为该变速箱的第一档, 该周转轮系上套装的第二副轴齿轮 18与第二输出齿轮 22的啮合状态为该变速箱的第三档,该周转轮系上套装的第三副轴齿轮 19与第 三输出齿轮 23的啮合状态为该变速箱的第五档, 该周转轮系上套装的第四副轴 齿轮 20与第四输出齿轮 24的啮合状态为该变速箱的第七档。 另一个周转轮系 上套装的第一副轴齿轮 17与第一输出齿轮 21的啮合状态为该变速箱的第二档, 该周转轮系上套装的第二副轴齿轮 18与第二输出齿轮 22的啮合状态为该变速 箱的第四档, 该周转轮系上套装的第三副轴齿轮 19与第三输出齿轮 23的啮合 状态为该变速箱的第六档, 该周转轮系上套装的第四副轴齿轮 20与第四输出齿 轮 24的啮合状态为该变速箱的第八档。 本机械式变速器处于一档状态时, 第一 档所在周转轮系的行星架 7由刹车片 16制动, 该周转轮系成为行星轮系, 可以 传递动力, 该行星轮系上套装的第一副轴齿轮 17与第一输出齿轮 21相啮合, 且该第一副轴齿轮 17通过同步器 9与行星架 7固套在一起。 这个行星轮系上套 装的其余副轴齿轮均活套在齿圈轴 6b上。 另外一个周转轮系的行星架 7保持自 由转动状态, 该周转轮系成为差动轮系, 无法传递动力。 当需要从一档升为二 档时, 先预先换档, 向缸体 28内充入气体或液压油, 使活塞杆 26移动, 带动 拨叉 25和同步器 9移动, 同步器 9带动当前差动轮系的行星架 7上的第一副轴 齿轮 17与齿圈轴 6b固套在一起。 然后控制第二档所在周转轮系上套装的刹车 片 16, 控制该周转轮系的行星架 7的转速, 从而使这个周转轮系成为行星轮系。 同时, 控制第一档所在周转轮系上套装的刹车片 16解除该周转轮系的行星架 7 的制动状态, 从而使该周转轮系变为差动轮系, 无法传递动力。 此时就可以将 动力从输入轴 2通过第二档所在的第一输出齿轮 21和第一副轴齿轮 17传递给 输出轴 3。
实施例二:
在所述输出轴 3上套装有第一输出齿轮 21, 在两个所述周转轮系的齿圈轴 6b上均套装有第一副轴齿轮 17, 两个周转轮系的第一副轴齿轮 17均与第一输 出齿轮 21相啮合。 本实施例的其余部分与实施例一相同。 在需要制动时, 通过 制动片夹紧刹车片即可达到制动的目的。 在所述输出轴 3上依次固套有第一输出齿轮 21和第二输出齿轮 22,第一输 出齿轮 21和第二输出齿轮 22之间设置有轴套 10,该轴套 10套装在输出轴 3上; 在两个所述周转轮系的齿圈轴 6b上均依次活套有第一副轴齿轮 17和第二副轴 齿轮 18, 两个周转轮系的第一副轴齿轮 17均与第一输出齿轮 21相啮合, 两个 周转轮系的第二副轴齿轮 18均与第二输出齿轮 22相啮合; 在两个所述周转轮 系的齿圈轴 6b上均套装有同步器 9,该同步器 9位于第一副轴齿轮 17和第二副 轴齿轮 18之间; 两个所述同步器 9均与拨叉机构相连; 行星轮系上有且仅有一 个副轴齿轮通过同步器 9与齿圈轴 6b固定相连, 差动轮系上最多有一个副轴齿 轮通过同步器 9与齿圈轴 6b固定相连。 本实施例的其余部分与实施例一相同。 实施例四:
本实施例中, 所述变速机构为电动马达, 本实施例的其余部分与实施例一 相同。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种可预选档的变速器, 包括壳体 (1)、 输入轴 (2) 和输出轴 (3), 所述输入轴 (2) 的尾部伸入壳体 (1) 内, 在该输入轴 (2) 的尾部套装有输入 齿轮 (15), 在所述输出轴 (3) 上套装有输出齿轮, 其特征在于: 在所述壳体
(1)内设置有两组周转轮系,两组周转轮系均包括太阳轮轴(4)、行星轮(5)、 齿圈 (6) 和行星架 (7), 所述太阳轮轴 (4) 通过轴承支撑在壳体 (1) 内, 该 太阳轮轴 (4) 的轴身上套装有动力齿轮 (29), 所述动力齿轮 (29) 与输入齿 轮 (15) 相啮合, 在该太阳轮轴 (4) 的轴身上还套装有太阳轮 (4a), 且该太 阳轮 (4a) 与行星轮 (5) 相啮合, 所述行星轮 (5) 套装在行星架 (7) 上, 该 行星架 (7) 与变速机构相连接; 所述齿圈 (6) 通过轴承支撑在壳体 (1) 内, 该齿圈 (6) 通过内齿 (6a) 与行星轮 (5) 相啮合; 所述齿圈 (6) 的尾部固定 相连有齿圈轴 (6b), 在该齿圈轴 (6b) 上套装有副轴齿轮, 该副轴齿轮与输出 齿轮相啮合。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种可预选档的变速器, 其特征在于: 在所述输 出轴 (3) 上依次固套有第一输出齿轮 (21)、 第二输出齿轮 (22)、 第三副输出 齿轮(23)和第四输出齿轮(24), 相邻的两个输出齿轮之间设置有轴套(10), 该轴套 (10) 套装在输出轴 (3) 上; 在两个所述周转轮系的齿圈轴 (6b) 上均 依次活套有第一副轴齿轮 (17)、 第二副轴齿轮 (18)、 第三副轴齿轮 (19) 和 第四副轴齿轮(20),两个周转轮系的第一副轴齿轮(17)均与第一输出齿轮(21) 相啮合, 两个周转轮系的第二副轴齿轮(18)均与第二输出齿轮(22)相啮合, 两个周转轮系的第三副轴齿轮 (19) 均与第三输出齿轮 (23) 相啮合, 两个周 转轮系的第四副轴齿轮 (20) 均与第四输出齿轮 (24) 相啮合; 在两个所述周 转轮系的齿圈轴 (6b) 上均套装有两个同步器 (9), 第一个同步器 (9) 位于第 一副轴齿轮 (17) 和第二副轴齿轮 (18) 之间, 第二个同步器位于第三副轴齿 轮(19)和第四副轴齿轮(20)之间, 四个所述同步器(9)均与拨叉机构相连。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种可预选档的变速器, 其特征在于: 在所述输 出轴 (3) 上依次固套有第一输出齿轮 (21) 和第二输出齿轮 (22), 第一输出 齿轮 (21) 和第二输出齿轮 (22) 之间设置有轴套 (10), 该轴套 (17) 套装在 输出轴 (3) 上; 在两个所述周转轮系的齿圈轴 (6b) 上均依次活套有第一副轴 齿轮 (17) 和第二副轴齿轮 (18), 两个周转轮系的第一副轴齿轮 (17) 均与第 一输出齿轮 (21) 相啮合, 两个周转轮系的第二副轴齿轮 (18) 均与第二输出 齿轮(22)相啮合;在两个所述周转轮系的齿圈轴(6b)上均套装有同步器(9), 该同步器 (9) 位于第一副轴齿轮 (17) 和第二副轴齿轮 (18) 之间; 两个所述 同步器 (9) 均与拨叉机构相连。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种可预选档的变速器, 其特征在于: 在所述输 出轴 (3) 上固套有第一输出齿轮 (21), 在两个所述周转轮系的齿圈轴 (6b) 上均固套有第一副轴齿轮 (17), 两个周转轮系的第一副轴齿轮 (17) 均与第一 输出齿轮 (21) 相啮合。
5、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的一种可预选档的变速器, 其特征在于: 所述 拨叉机构包括拨叉(25)、 活塞杆(26)、 活塞(27)和缸体(28), 该拨叉(25) 的一端与同步器 (9) 相连, 拨叉 (25) 的另一端与活塞杆 (26) 相连, 所述活 塞杆 (26) 与缸体 (28) 内的活塞 (27) 相连。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种可预选档的变速器, 其特征在于: 所述输入 轴 (2 )上套装有倒档齿轮(8), 该倒档齿轮(8)位于输入齿轮(15) 的后方。
7、 根据权利要求 1或 6所述的一种可预选档的变速器, 其特征在于: 所述 倒档齿轮 (8) 和 /或输入齿轮 (15) 与输入轴 (2 ) —体成型。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种可预选档的变速器, 其特征在于: 所述变速 机构为刹车片、 电磁刹车器、 齿轮传动机构或马达。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的一种可预选档的变速器, 其特征在于: 所述齿圈 轴 (6b ) 与输入轴 (2 ) 平行, 该齿圈轴 (6b) 还与输出轴 (3) 相平行。
10、 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种可预选档的变速器, 其特征在于: 所述太 阳轮轴 (4) 与太阳轮 (4a) —体成型。
PCT/CN2012/081460 2012-07-10 2012-09-17 一种可预选档的变速器 WO2014008710A1 (zh)

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