WO2014007610A1 - Utilisation d'une composition additive pour cimenter un puits de forage - Google Patents

Utilisation d'une composition additive pour cimenter un puits de forage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014007610A1
WO2014007610A1 PCT/NL2013/050413 NL2013050413W WO2014007610A1 WO 2014007610 A1 WO2014007610 A1 WO 2014007610A1 NL 2013050413 W NL2013050413 W NL 2013050413W WO 2014007610 A1 WO2014007610 A1 WO 2014007610A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chloride
cement
composition
cementing
wellbore
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PCT/NL2013/050413
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English (en)
Inventor
Robin De La Roij
Original Assignee
Powercem Technologies B.V.
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Publication date
Application filed by Powercem Technologies B.V. filed Critical Powercem Technologies B.V.
Priority to CA2877093A priority Critical patent/CA2877093A1/fr
Publication of WO2014007610A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014007610A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
    • C09K8/46—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
    • C09K8/467—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement containing additives for specific purposes

Definitions

  • Patent EP 1 349 819 (corresponding to US 7,316,744) of the present inventor discloses a composition for reinforcing cement, which contains: a) sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, strontium chloride, barium chloride and/or ammonium chloride; b) aluminum chloride; and c) silica and/or zeolite and/or apatite. This reference is incorporated herein in its entirety.
  • the composition for reinforcing cement according to EP 1 349 819 is commercially available from PowerCem Technologies B.V. under the registered trade names of PowerCem and RoadCem.
  • the additive composition comprises a combination of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, aluminum chloride, silica, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulphate, sodium carbonate and cement.
  • composition for reinforcing cement shows excellent performances in, for example, the field of road construction, soil consolidations (i.e. before drilling into the soil) and concrete for flyovers.
  • the present inventor has discovered a new cementing composition and a new use for the cited additive composition.
  • the present invention relates to the use of an additive composition for cementing wellbores. Moreover, the present invention relates to a cement slurry for cementing a wellbore, comprising: I) cement; I I) water; and I II) a composition for reinforcing cement. In addition, the present invention relates to a method of cementing a wellbore.
  • the present invention is related to the use of a composition for reinforcing cement, which comprises: a) one or more compounds selected from sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, strontium chloride, barium chloride and ammonium chloride; b) aluminum chloride; and c) one or more compounds selected from silica, zeolite, and apatite; for cementing a wellbore.
  • the composition comprises at least sodium chloride and calcium chloride from group a).
  • the composition contains silica and/or zeolite.
  • the composition comprises 45 to
  • the composition comprises 45 to 90% by weight of the compound or compounds from group a); 1 to 10% by weight of the compound from group b); and 1 to 10% by weight of the compound or compounds from group c); based on the total weight of the composition.
  • the composition also comprises magnesium oxide and/or calcium oxide.
  • the composition comprises sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, ammonium chloride, aluminium chloride, magnesium oxide, and silica and/or zeolite.
  • group c) consists of silica.
  • the composition further comprises magnesium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulphate and/or sodium carbonate.
  • the present invention relates to a cement slurry for cementing a wellbore, comprising: I) cement; I I) water; and I II) a composition for reinforcing cement, which comprises: a) one or more compounds selected from sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, strontium chloride, barium chloride and ammonium chloride; b) aluminum chloride; and c) one or more compounds selected from silica, zeolite, and apatite; for cementing a wellbore.
  • a cement slurry is wet cement obtained by mixing dry cement and water and optionally one or more additives.
  • the inventive composition for reinforcing cement is first dispersed or dissolved in water to obtain an reinforcing dispersion or reinforcing solution. This dispersion or solution is subsequently added to a wet cement that is prepared by mixing cement, optionally additives and water.
  • the inventive composition for reinforcing cement is added to the cement in dry form and subsequently water is added.
  • said slurry comprises between 50 and 85 wt%, preferably between 65 and 75 wt% of: I) cement, and between 20 and 40 wt%, preferably between 25 and 30wt% of; II) water, and between 0.1 and 10 wt%, preferably between 1 and 3 wt%, more preferably between 1 .5 and 2.5 wt% of composition I I I).
  • the present invention relates to a method of cementing a wellbore, comprising the steps of: i) drilling a wellbore; ii) introducing a casing string into the wellbore; iii) preparing a cement slurry based on a combination of cement and the composition for reinforcing cement, which comprises: a) one or more compounds selected from sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, strontium chloride, barium chloride and ammonium chloride; b) aluminum chloride; and c) one or more compounds selected from silica, zeolite, and apatite, for cementing a wellbore; iv) pumping said cement slurry into the wellbore; and v) allowing said cement slurry to set.
  • Figure 1 shows a Scanning Electron Microscopic photograph of hardened cement slurry according to the present invention showing nanoscopic crystalline structure.
  • Figure 2 shows a Scanning Electron Microscopic photograph of hardened cement slurry according to the prior art without the presences of the additive.
  • Figure 3 shows a graph of the strain (in micrometers per meter) on the ordinate (y-axis) and the dynamic modulus of elasticity or E dyn (in Mega Pascal) on the abscissa (x-axis) for a sample according to the present invention and a reference sample.
  • E dyn in Mega Pascal
  • cementing or the cementing of the drilling or oil well.
  • deep bores are drilled into the ground or soil.
  • the inside of these bores are covered by a metallic layer or pipe that is used to guide the oil from the oil field up to the surface.
  • These metallic layers should adhere to surrounding environment (i.e. soil or rock). In order to obtain this adhesion between the metallic layer (casing or casing string) and the surroundings cement is often used.
  • Wellbores are protected and sealed by cementing, i.e. for shutting off water penetration into the well, to seal the annulus after a casing string (viz. a long section of connected oilfield pipe) has been introduced down the wellbore, or to plug a wellbore to abandon it.
  • cementing i.e. for shutting off water penetration into the well, to seal the annulus after a casing string (viz. a long section of connected oilfield pipe) has been introduced down the wellbore, or to plug a wellbore to abandon it.
  • cementing is carried out using a cement slurry that is pumped into the well. I n this method, usually the drilling fluids that are present inside the well are replaced by cement.
  • the cement slurry fills the space between the casing and the actual wellbore, and hardens to create a seal. This prevents external materials entering the well flow. This cementing also positions the casing string into place permanently.
  • cement is understood to refer to a salt hydrate consisting of a fine- ground material which, after mixing with water, forms a more or less plastic mass, which hardens both under water and in the outside air and which is capable of bonding materials suitable for that purpose to form a mass that is stable also in water.
  • the cement standards according to European standard N EN-EN-197-1 are as follows: CEM I is Portland cement; CEM I I is composite Portland cement; CEM I II is blast furnace slag cement; CEM IV is pozzolan cement and CEM V is composite cement.
  • the wet cement (viz. cement slurry) is obtained by the use of mixers (e.g. hydraulic jet mixers, re-circulating mixers or batch mixers) from water and dry cement and one or more additives.
  • mixers e.g. hydraulic jet mixers, re-circulating mixers or batch mixers
  • Portland cement is most frequently used (calibrated with additives to 8 different API classes).
  • additives are accelerators, which shorten the setting time required for the cement, as well as retarders, which do the opposite and make the cement setting time longer.
  • accelerators which shorten the setting time required for the cement
  • retarders which do the opposite and make the cement setting time longer.
  • lightweight and heavyweight additives are added.
  • Additives can be added to transform the compressive strength of the cement, as well as flow properties and dehydration rates. Extenders can be used to expand the cement in an effort to reduce the cost of cementing, and antifoam additives can be added to prevent foaming within the well.
  • bridging materials are added, as well.
  • the present invention provides a very special additive for cement to be used for wellbores.
  • a method for well cementing is known in the art. After the casing string has been run into the well, a cementing head is attached to the top of the wellhead to receive the slurry from the pumps. A so-called bottom plug and top plug are present inside the casing and prevent mixing of the drilling fluids from the cement slurry.
  • the bottom plug is introduced into the well, and cement slurry is pumped into the well behind it, viz. within the casing and not yet between the casing and its surroundings. Then the pressure on the cement being pumped into the well is increased until a diaphragm is broken within the bottom plug, permitting the cement slurry to flow through it and up the outside of the casing string, viz. outside of the casing and hence between the casing and its surroundings.
  • a top plug is pumped into the casing pushing the remaining slurry through the bottom plug. Once the top plug reaches the bottom plug, the pumps are turned off, and the cement is allowed to set.
  • Examples of the challenges are: i) micro cracks occurring because of fluctuations in pressure and/or temperature inside the well; ii) undesired gas migration due to shrinkage or expansion of the cement; iii) corrosion of the protective casing, which costs hundreds of millions and which reduces longevity.
  • Viscosity preferably 300 CP
  • Known Portland cement consists of five major compounds and a few minor compounds.
  • the composition of a typical Portland cement is as follows: 50 wt% of tricalcium silicate (Ca 3 Si0 5 or 3CaO.Si0 2 ); 25 wt% of dicalcium silicate (Ca 2 Si0 4 or 2CaO.Si0 2 ); 10 wt% of tricalcium aluminate (Ca 3 AI 4 0 6 or 3CaO.AI 2 0 3 ); 10 wt% of tetracalcium aluminoferrite (Ca 4 AI 2 Fe 2 Oi 0 or 4CaO.AI 2 0 3 . Fe 2 0 3 ); 5 wt% of gypsum (CaS0 4 .2H 2 0) .
  • Figure 1 shows a Scanning Electron M icroscopic photograph of hardened cement slurry according to the present invention showing nanoscopic crystalline structure. A cement mixture has been prepares and allowed to set. Samples of this hardened cement were prepared and measured using SEM by the Nanolab of the Radboud University Nijmegen.
  • Hardened cement which is prepared without this binder or with known binders has a relatively open structure when viewed on a microscopic scale, with crystalline agglomerations which are not homogeneously distributed. This is clearly visible in Figure 2. Consequently, the interaction between the crystalline agglomerations and also between the cement particles and the crystalline agglomerations is poor.
  • the crystalline compounds which are formed by this additive are surprisingly homogeneously distributed and may be in the form of acicular (viz. needle-like) structures.
  • the homogeneous distribution of the crystalline structures results in an optimum strength and stability.
  • the water in the cement is bound in, and to, the crystalline structures. Consequently, there are no local concentrations of water, and therefore the formation of potential weak spots is avoided.
  • the crystalline structures comprise, inter alia, zeolite and/or apatite compounds. Zeolites are a widespread group of silicate crystals of, inter alia, hydrated alkali metal and alkaline earth metal aluminosilicates.
  • Apatites belong to the group of strontium, barium or calcium halophosphates, the halogen ion usually being a chloride or fluoride, but which may also be substituted by a hydroxyl group.
  • the formation of these structures is one of the reasons why silicon, aluminum and/or phosphate compounds are added to the composition.
  • Tricalcium silicate is responsible for most of the early strength during first 7 days. Dicalcium silicate, which reacts more slowly, contributes only to the strength at later times. Upon the addition of water, tricalcium silicate rapidly reacts to release calcium ions, hydroxide ions, and a large amount of heat. The pH quickly rises over 12 because of the release of alkaline hydroxide (OH-) ions. This initial hydrolysis slows down quickly with a corresponding decrease in heat.
  • the formation of the calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate hydrate crystals provide "seeds" upon which more calcium silicate hydrate can form.
  • the calcium silicate hydrate crystals grow thicker which makes it more difficult for water molecules to reach the anhydrate tricalcium silicate.
  • the speed of the reaction is controlled by the rate at which water molecules diffuse through the calcium silicate hydrate coating. This coating thickens over time causing the production of calcium silicate hydrate to become slower and slower.
  • the majority of space is filled with calcium silicate hydrate, what is not filled with the hardened hydrate is primarily calcium hydroxide solution. The hydration will continue as long as water is present and there are still anhydrate compounds in the cement paste.
  • Dicalcium silicate also affects the strength of concrete through its hydration. Dicalcium silicate reacts with water in a similar manner as tricalcium silicate, but much more slowly. The heat released is less than that by the hydration of tricalcium silicate because the dicalcium silicate is much less reactive.
  • the other major components of Portland cement, tricalcium aluminate and tetracalcium aluminoferrite also react with water. Heat is evolved with cement hydration. This is due to the breaking and making of chemical bonds during hydration.
  • the strength of cement bound products is very much dependent upon the hydration reaction just discussed. Water plays a critical role, particularly the amount used. The strength of the product increases, when a lower amount of water is used. The hydration reaction itself consumes a specific amount of water. The empty space (porosity) is determined by the water to cement ratio.
  • the water to cement ratio is also called the water to cement factor (abbreviated by wcf) which is the ratio of the weight of water to the weight of cement used in the slurry.
  • wcf water to cement factor
  • Low water to cement ratio leads to high strength but low workability.
  • High water to cement ratio leads to low strength, but good workability.
  • Time is also an important factor in determining product strength.
  • the product hardens as time passes.
  • the hydration reactions get slower and slower as the tricalcium silicate hydrate forms. It takes a great deal of time up to several years for all of the bonds to form, which eventually determines the product's strength for the life of the well.
  • moisture remains necessary for hydration and hardening.
  • the five major compounds of the hydration process of cement still remain the most important hydration products but the minor products of hydration probably change.
  • the rate at which important hydration reactions occur and the relative distribution of hydration products changes as a result of the addition of the present inventive composition.
  • the crystallization of calcium hydroxide accordingly occurs at different rates and the reduction of heat generation from the hydration reactions occurs. There are more crystals formed during the reactions and the relevant crystalline matrix is much more extensive.
  • the water changes chemically in sphere, electrical load, surface tension and reaches a chemical/physical equilibrium in the matrix.
  • This complex process depends of the type and mass of materials involved in the cement slurry. Similar to the chemical processes physical aspects are part of the equilibrium process in the matrix when the amount of water, trapped as free water is reduced and the crystals grow into the empty void space. This makes the product less permeable to water and more resistant to all types of attack that are either water dependant or water influenced. A bigger fraction of the water is converted to crystalline water than is the case with the reactions in the absence of the present inventive composition.
  • the reduced porosity and increased crystalline structural matrix increases compressive, flexural and breaking strength of the product and change the relative ratio between these strengths.
  • the strength of the product increases when less water is used to make a product.
  • the hydration reaction itself now tends to consume a different amount of water.
  • the present inventive composition is mixed with oil well cement it is also possible to use salt water and achieve a good end result.
  • the empty space (porosity) is still determined by the water to cement ratio but is affected to a lesser extent as a result of the increased rate and extent of the crystallization process.
  • the extended crystallization process changes significantly with the present inventive composition.
  • the present inventive composition causes a physio-chemical equilibrium in the oil well cement slurry based on synergy between water percentage and API Class G oil well cement. This is followed by changes in the chemical and physical properties of the cement slurry, first from hydrophilic then into hydrophobic. As a result, strong hydrogen bonds form which make a significant contribution to the bonding forces.
  • the binding mechanism changes from "glue” to "wrapping" and the cement slurry exhibits a crystalline structure that is able to partially block capillary pores. Because of this fiber-like structure, it becomes flexible and prevents micro cracking from occurring.
  • Tests from independent laboratories have indicated special properties that could not be attributed to conventional cement.
  • the special properties are improved fatigue values, higher compressive strength, chemical durability and even fire resistance.
  • the process continues for up to 180 days, further improving the physical properties until the matrix is fully saturated with the durable crystalline structure (Figure 1 ) (Picture taken by Nanolab, Radboud University of Nijmegen).
  • the compressive strength of set cement is an indication of the cement's resistance to failure in compression. Cement must be strong enough to support the casing in the hole, withstand the shocks of drilling and perforating, and support high hydraulic pressure without fracturing.
  • the compressive strength test determines the strength of set cement under downhole conditions. This property is measured in pounds per square inch (psi).
  • the compression strength of conventional cement decreases in time with an increase in permeability. This is not observed with a cement obtained by the cement slurry of the present invention.
  • a low density cement is particularly preferred to be able to pump cement slurry, especially at higher temperatures.
  • the additive composition lowers the density of cement slurry, which is an advantage.
  • the present composition improves the bonding with water, which is an advantage over traditional oil well cement. The crystallization process actually results in an expansion of the cement since it obtains a higher volume with same mass.
  • the cement slurry when mixed with the present composition obtains, after curing, a higher density due to crystallization of water. Based on the fact that the water content in the slurry bonds much better in the modified crystal matrix that is obtained due to the presence of the present composition. Over time the remaining part of the present composition is buffered in the pore structure and is even after months still able to actively react within the matrix. This results in a reduction in capillary forces while the crystalline structure keeps growing.
  • nanostructures i.e. modified crystal matrix
  • chemical resistance values i.e. that chemicals in the soils are not damaging the cement
  • the crystallization process of the cement sheath at a scale of 1 -100 nanometers shows that elements cross-link and create long needle crystalline structures that interlock, block the capillary pores, and enhance dynamics and chemistry of the cement hydration process.
  • the molecular structure changes with hydrogen bridges in a stable, locked position. It is important to recognize that the mechanical properties of a cement bound material are determined during the first hours of the binding and during the first 48 hours of the hardening stage. Consequently, if a modification of the cement hydration process is required to enhance the structural, mechanical and chemical resistance behaviour of the cement sheath, it has to take place within 72 hours.
  • composition used in the present invention is that it is easy to handle and can be provided in ready-to-mix bags.
  • An additional advantage of the present composition is that it allows more moisture to be mixed in the cement slurry than with traditional cement which ensures a higher viscosity.
  • the present composition affects the viscosity of the cement bound material. Normal cement shows a lower viscosity and therefore has more character. With the present composition a higher viscosity will be achieved which results in a higher flexural behaviour.
  • composition of the present invention When the composition of the present invention is used in well cement, it is possible to add fine cohesive material to the cement slurry.
  • the use of the present composition can increase the flexibility up to for example 2000 mm/m compared to normal cement having a value of only 150 mm/m.
  • a person skilled in the art can custom engineer the slurry in order to optimize the flexibility and stiffness.
  • the present applicant has carried out the following tests in a laboratory: energy absorption, flexibility, tensile strength, and compressive strength. The results are provided below.
  • Figure 3 shows the flexibility after 24 hours of hardening.
  • Figure 3 shows a graph of the strain (in micrometers per meter) on the ordinate (y-axis) and the dynamic modulus of elasticity or E dyn (in Mega Pascal) on the abscissa (x-axis) for a sample according to the present invention and a reference sample.
  • a reference sample comprising only cement and water (Dyckerhoff cement) is shown in dark grey color
  • a sample according to the present invention comprising cement, water and the present composition (Wellcem i ) (PowerCem of Powercem Technologies B.V.) is shown in light grey color.
  • Table 1 below shows the makeup of the reference cement and the slurry according to the present invention.
  • the wcf (water cement factor or water cement ratio) for the slurry according to the present invention is 0.38.
  • This wcf is the ratio of the weight of water to the weight of cement used in the slurry and has an important influence on the quality of the cement produced.
  • the water cement factor can be higher depending on the type of cement used. It should be ensured that th amount of free water that remains complies with the requirements as stated for the API cement types.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne l'utilisation d'une composition pour renforcer un ciment, qui comprend un ou plusieurs composés choisis dans le groupe : a) chlorure de sodium, chlorure de potassium, chlorure de magnésium, chlorure de calcium, chlorure de strontium, chlorure de baryum et chlorure d'ammonium ; b) chlorure d'aluminium ; et comprend un ou plusieurs composés choisis parmi c) silice, zéolite et apatite pour une cimentation d'un puits de forage. De plus, la présente invention concerne une bouillie de ciment pour la cimentation d'un puits de forage, comprenant I) : du ciment ; II) de l'eau ; et III) une composition pour renforcer le ciment. De plus la présente invention concerne un procédé de cimentation d'un puits de forage.
PCT/NL2013/050413 2012-07-02 2013-06-11 Utilisation d'une composition additive pour cimenter un puits de forage WO2014007610A1 (fr)

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US201213540181A 2012-07-02 2012-07-02
US13/540,181 2012-07-02
US13/654,920 2012-10-18
US13/654,920 US20140000892A1 (en) 2012-07-02 2012-10-18 Use of an Additive Compostion for Cementing Bore Wells

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DE102017104840A1 (de) * 2017-03-08 2018-09-13 SW Automation GmbH Verfahrsystem
CN109880604B (zh) * 2019-02-18 2021-06-15 天津中油渤星工程科技有限公司 一种油井水泥用弱促凝型早强剂

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WO2002048067A1 (fr) * 2000-12-15 2002-06-20 Mega-Tech Holding B.V. Composition servant d'additif a ciment
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CN100471813C (zh) * 2004-03-12 2009-03-25 麦格技术控股有限公司 用于制造建筑材料的组合物及其建筑材料的制造方法
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WO2002048067A1 (fr) * 2000-12-15 2002-06-20 Mega-Tech Holding B.V. Composition servant d'additif a ciment
EP1349819A1 (fr) 2000-12-15 2003-10-08 Mega-Tech Holding B.V. Composition servant d'additif a ciment
US7316744B2 (en) 2000-12-15 2008-01-08 Megatech Holding B.V. Composition which is intended for use as an additive for cement
JP2003027059A (ja) * 2001-07-18 2003-01-29 Sanritsu:Kk ソイルセメント用硬化剤及びソイルセメントの製造方法
US20100038084A1 (en) * 2008-08-14 2010-02-18 Roddy Craig W Cement Compositions Comprising Aluminum Chloride and Associated Methods

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105985776A (zh) * 2015-01-27 2016-10-05 中国科学院过程工程研究所 一种富枸溶性硅的土壤调理剂的制备方法

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US20140000892A1 (en) 2014-01-02
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