WO2014001556A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'une prothèse dentaire - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'une prothèse dentaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014001556A1
WO2014001556A1 PCT/EP2013/063746 EP2013063746W WO2014001556A1 WO 2014001556 A1 WO2014001556 A1 WO 2014001556A1 EP 2013063746 W EP2013063746 W EP 2013063746W WO 2014001556 A1 WO2014001556 A1 WO 2014001556A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
film
veneer
deep
framework
drawing process
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/063746
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marlis Eichberger
Josef Schweiger
Original Assignee
Marlis Eichberger
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Marlis Eichberger filed Critical Marlis Eichberger
Publication of WO2014001556A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014001556A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/08—Artificial teeth; Making same
    • A61C13/09—Composite teeth, e.g. front and back section; Multilayer teeth
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C5/00—Filling or capping teeth
    • A61C5/70—Tooth crowns; Making thereof
    • A61C5/77—Methods or devices for making crowns

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical fields of dental prosthesis and the production of dental prostheses and parts thereof.
  • dentures should be understood in the present document, all fixed or removable objects that replace one or more teeth of a living organism in whole or in part.
  • Typical examples of fixed dentures are crowns (also partial crowns, which do not completely cover a tooth) and bridges. Both crowns and bridges may be attached (e.g., cemented or screwed) to remnants of natural teeth and / or implants.
  • Examples of removable dentures are prostheses. However, these examples are not meant to be exhaustive.
  • a dental prosthesis as used herein are articles that do not replace at least a portion of a tooth, such as splints (e.g., crunchy splints, bite splints, or whitening SchiQnQ) or orthodontic appliances (e.g., braces) or gum shields for athletes.
  • splints e.g., crunchy splints, bite splints, or whitening SchiQnQ
  • orthodontic appliances e.g., braces
  • gum shields for athletes.
  • the crown or bridge framework made of precious metal, glass ceramic such as lithium disilicate, oxide ceramics, titanium or Non-precious metal
  • ceramic veneering materials eg Feldspatkeramik, plastic, composite
  • the veneering ceramic is applied as a ceramic powder / liquid mixture and then densely sintered in the ceramic furnace. This process must be repeated several times, as the ceramic masses shrink and therefore this deficit must be compensated.
  • Stain and glaze firebrand completes the veneering process.
  • the manual veneering is very time-consuming and thus cost-intensive.
  • the manual application process can result in defects (e.g., blisters) in the veneer that reduce the strength and longevity of the veneer.
  • a veneering ceramic blank for example of silicate ceramic such as lithium disilicate
  • a pressing furnace a veneering ceramic blank heated to the plastic phase is pressed into the mold at about 900 ° C. and at about 5 bar pressure.
  • the denture is embrittled by blasting with alumina powder.
  • the veneer is completed with a stain and glaze firebrand. Similar to manual veneering, the production of veneering after the overpressing process is very time-consuming, since the veneer also has to be waxed up manually here.
  • further processing steps are carried out here, such as embedding, pressing and devesting.
  • the CAO procedure is a bit cheaper, but requires complex equipment in the dental laboratory.
  • digital veneering the fully anatomical outer shape of the denture, ie e.g. the crown or bridge, constructed.
  • this data set is divided into the two components of the framework and the veneer (so-called file splitting).
  • Both the framework and the veneer are produced using computer-aided processes and then joined together in a joining process.
  • CNC computerized numerical control
  • RP rapid prototyping
  • CNC methods often are generally subtractive methods and, under RP methods, often generally additive methods be understood.
  • the connection of framework and veneering can be done either by a ceramic sintered composite firing or by gluing.
  • the digital veneer significantly reduces the manual component involved in the manufacture of veneering crowns and bridges. Furthermore, almost error-free components can be manufactured. However, costly CAD / C AM equipment is needed to make the framework and facing structure, and it also takes a relatively long time to build each framework and each veneer.
  • monolithic, fully anatomical crowns and bridges are known in the art, which are made in one piece from a single material and thus do not have the two components scaffold and veneer.
  • various materials can be used, in particular zirconia currently large Demand experiences.
  • monolithic crowns made of zirconium oxide are relatively easy to produce, but must be elaborately ground and polished by the dentist during the try-in in the mouth.
  • such crowns are not optimal dentistry dental, because zirconium oxide has virtually no damping properties and therefore the forces occurring during the chewing pulse and unattenuated be forwarded to the periodontium apparatus.
  • US Pat. No. 6,106,295 shows a child's crown in which a high density polyethylene (HDPE) facing is mounted on a stainless steel framework.
  • the framework consists of a metal base on which a fine mesh of stainless steel is welded.
  • a veneer layer of high density polyethylene is placed on the net and heated by a hot air blower to the melting point of the polyethylene.
  • the molten polyethylene penetrates the net and forms a strong, positive connection.
  • Other layers of polyethylene can be applied to the first layer just mentioned and in turn connected to this first layer by heating to the melting point.
  • the invention has the object to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art, at least in part.
  • the invention is intended to provide a cost effective solution for producing a dental prosthesis with good dental properties.
  • the invention is based on the basic idea to provide a dental prosthesis with a dental scaffold, which is completed by a veneering produced by thermoforming in the desired anatomical shape. Furthermore, the invention comprises also the production of a deep-drawn veneer, which can serve as a replacement or replacement part for a denture, for example.
  • thermoforming process it is possible with the thermoforming process to produce veneers quickly and inexpensively, which nevertheless have good dental properties.
  • desired damping properties can be achieved. Since industrially produced veneering material (usually a thermoforming sheet) is used in preferred embodiments, the desired low dispersion properties can be maintained.
  • a computer-aided design and / or manufacturing process is used in the manufacture of the scaffold.
  • such a method has the advantage that the outside of the framework can be designed individually so that the desired shape and size of the finished denture result after the deep-drawing process.
  • the thickness of the film to be expected after the deep-drawing process can be taken into account in the design of the outside of the framework.
  • thermoforming properties of the film - to take into account, for example, the fact that the film thickness decreases with increasing stretch of the film during the deep drawing process.
  • thermoforming of the film involves application of positive and / or negative pressure.
  • the film follows the contour of the framework exactly, without requiring manual pressing of the film onto the framework with a tool.
  • the film is clamped in some embodiments in a film holder, which fixes the film at least at a plurality of radially spaced from the frame locations, and preferably on all sides, so around the frame.
  • the deep-drawn film forms the veneer or at least a part thereof after the deep-drawing process.
  • the veneer can be held in different configurations by means of an adhesive layer and / or a bonding layer and / or by macroretention to the framework.
  • this adhesive and / or chemical and / or mechanical connection is produced during the deep-drawing process, without an additional processing step being required.
  • the invention also encompasses a deep-drawn veneer and a dental prosthesis with a framework and a deep-drawn veneer arranged on the framework.
  • a veneer and such a denture are further developed in preferred embodiments with features that correspond to the features mentioned in the present description and / or in the dependent method claims.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a designed as Verblendkrone dentures according to an embodiment of the invention during production directly after a deep-drawing process
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross section of the completed dental prosthesis according to FIG. 1 on a Zahnstum f
  • Fig. 3 is an illustration of a manufacturing method in an embodiment of the invention.
  • the dental prosthesis is designed as a veneer crown.
  • teaching of the invention is also used in other types of dentures, such as bridges or prostheses.
  • the veneering crown shown in FIG. 1 has a framework 10 and a veneer 12.
  • the frame 10 is shown in Fig. 1 on a mounting bracket 14, e.g. a plaster stump of a dental model, which reproduces the shape of a prepared tooth stump of a patient in an upper portion 16. This shape thus also defines the shape of an inner side 18 of the framework 10.
  • Metal, plastic and ceramics include, for example, precious metals, base metal alloys (eg, CoCr alloys), titanium and titanium alloys, oxide ceramics, plastics (eg, PMMA, BisGMA, PEEK, composites, and so forth) and silicate ceramics (eg, feldspar ceramics, glass ceramics, lithium disilicate ceramics, and so on).
  • base metal alloys eg, CoCr alloys
  • titanium and titanium alloys eg, oxide ceramics
  • plastics eg, PMMA, BisGMA, PEEK, composites, and so forth
  • silicate ceramics eg, feldspar ceramics, glass ceramics, lithium disilicate ceramics, and so on.
  • CAD / C AM Computer Aided Design
  • Laminated Object Manufacturing manufacture of laminated objects
  • the veneer 12 extends on an outer side 20 of the framework 10 and in planar contact with this outer surface 20. More specifically, the veneer extends from a buccal (or labial or labial) junction boundary 22 across a buccal / labial side surface 24 of the framework 10, an occlusal region 26 of the framework 10 and an upper jaw palatal or in the lower jaw side surface 28 of the frame 10 to a palatal / lingual connection boundary 30.
  • the veneer 12 thus has a buccal (or in a cutting or canine labial) side surface 32, an occlusal region 34 and a palatal in the upper jaw or in the lower jaw lingual side surface 36.
  • the veneer 12 in the embodiment described here on a mesial and a distal side surface, which are not shown in the figures.
  • the side surface 32 of the veneer 12 replaces a portion of the buccal or labial tooth side surface
  • the side surface 36 of the veneer 12 replaces a portion of the palatal or lingual tooth side surface.
  • the occlusal region 34 of the veneer 12 replaces the occlusal surface or a part thereof in the case of a molar, or the incisor edge or a part thereof in the case of an incisor, or the tooth tip or a part thereof in the case of a canine tooth.
  • the veneer 12 in the completed dental prosthesis replaces inter alia a part of the tooth enamel which faces the antagonist (counter tooth in the opposing jaw) in the jaw.
  • the veneer 12 is made by deep drawing. Deep drawing processes are known as such in dental technology and are currently used, for example, for producing crunchy rails or whitening shimmers used. Suitable thermoformers are commercially available. Thus, for example, the devices marketed under the brands Erkoform and Erkopress Erkodent Erich Kopp GmbH, Pfalzgrafenweiler, or sold under the brands Biostar and Ministar devices Scheu Dental GmbH, Iserlohn, are also used in connection with the present invention.
  • thermoformable film 38 is mounted on the finished and specially designed for the thermoforming process frame 10.
  • the film 38 is clamped in a film holder (not shown in the figures) and heated.
  • the mounting bracket 14 with the scaffold 10 thereon is then pressed into the tensioned film 38 with a predefined force.
  • the film holder in this case fixes the film 38 at least at a plurality of locations radially spaced from the stand 10, so that the film 38 conforms to the outside 20 of the stand 10 and wrinkling is largely avoided.
  • the film holder fixes the film 38 on all sides and at a predetermined radial distance from the stand 10; the film holder can for this purpose e.g. be formed annular.
  • a manual pressing of the film 38 to the outside 20 of the frame 10 with a tool is not required in the embodiment described here.
  • the film 38 is pressed onto the outside 20 of the frame 10 not only by its film tension, but also by having the surface of the film 38 shown in FIG. 1 above with overpressure and / or that shown in FIG Surface of the film 38 subjected to negative pressure. As a result, the film 38 follows exactly the outside 20 of the frame 10th
  • protruding edges are removed at the parting lines 40 shown in phantom in FIG. 1 to form the veneer 12.
  • This can for example, with rotating instruments, such as silicone rubbers, or by means of cutting hand instruments, such as scalpels, or with modeling instruments.
  • the framework 10 has at least one depression 42 in the vicinity of the connection boundaries 22, 30.
  • the at least one recess 42 may be formed, for example, as a channel circulating circularly around the frame 10 or as a series of recessed sections.
  • the film 38 is pressed into the at least one depression 42 and forms there at least one circumferential or interrupted holding bead 44.
  • an interrupted holding bead 44 can be used.
  • the veneer 12 is thereby held in the embodiment described here in a form-fitting manner in the sense of a market retention on the frame 10. In other exemplary embodiments of the invention, however, neither the recess 42 nor the retaining bead 44 are provided; the veneer 12 can then be held on the framework 10, for example, by gluing or cementing or sintering.
  • this film thickness is considered to be constant, resulting in particularly simple computation operations.
  • the design of the stand 10 additionally takes into account the properties of the deep drawing operation. In particular, it can be taken into account that the film 38 becomes thinner during the deep-drawing process, the more the film 38 is stretched at one point.
  • the buccal / labial junction boundary 22 is further cervical (toward the neck of the tooth) than the palatal / lingual junction boundary 30
  • Side surfaces 24 and 28 in Fig. 1 are approximately perpendicular, and since in the deep drawing process also a relative movement in this direction between the frame 10 and the film 38 is carried out, the film 38 is in the example shown in Fig. 1 along the buccal /
  • the palatal / lingual side surface 36 has a thicker film thickness than the buccal / labial side surface 32 on.
  • the framework 10 can be calculated from the desired morphology of the finished prosthesis by using a greater reduction (reduction) at the palatal / lingual side surface 28 of the framework 10 than at the buccal / labial lateral surface 24 in the example of FIG.
  • This reduction may in some embodiments be a linear scaling with a scaling factor, while in other embodiments a reduction by a certain distance corresponding to the expected film thickness after the deep drawing operation is performed.
  • the calculation of the reduction measure is performed in sections, each section corresponding to a portion of the surface of the framework 10 to be clad (eg, the buccal / labial side surface 24) or a corresponding portion of the cladding 12 (eg, the buccal / labial side surface 32) ,
  • the term "reduction measure” here refers to the distance expressed in an absolute length specification (eg millimeters) which the outer side 20 of the framework 10 should have within the respective section from the outside of the completed tooth replacement. This distance can be determined, for example, at any point along a normal to the outside of the completed dentures, with correction operations or mean calculations being required at curved locations.
  • the respective portion of the surface to be covered of the frame 10 or the outside of the panel 12 or a constructed inside the panel 12 auxiliary surface is projected perpendicular to the plane of the clamped in the thermoforming device film 38.
  • the projection is based on the relative orientation of the section and the film plane as used in the deep-drawing process.
  • the ratio of the film volume in the projected image of the section to the film 38 to the actual surface area of the section provides the amount of reduction by which the framework 10 within the section from the anatomical outer surface must be reduced.
  • a tooth side surface eg, the buccal surface
  • the quotient of the film volume in the projected image of the tooth side surface becomes smaller and the reduction amount becomes smaller and smaller.
  • Aprojection Area of the projected image of the section e.g.
  • the properties of the deep-drawing process can be taken into account.
  • the deep-drawn film 38 thickens, so that such valleys are recessed in the framework 10. Accordingly, it can also be taken into account that with "mountains” in the occlusal region 26 of the framework 10, the thickness of the deep-drawn film 38 is reduced, so that such mountains in the framework 10 are increased.
  • the occlusal region 26 of the framework 10 may be formed as a precise reduction of the desired morphology of the finished denture.
  • thermoplastically deformable materials can be used. These are, for example, plastics, thermoplastically deformable ceramic or metal foils or composite materials.
  • plastics for example, PE (polyethylene), PE-HD (high-density polyethylene), PE-UHMW (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PC (polycarbonate) and so on can be used. It is also known per se to mix ceramic materials with an organic binder, so that a thermoplastically deformable ceramic film is formed.
  • a film can be used in embodiments of the invention, wherein the film is debindered after the deep-drawing process in a downstream furnace process.
  • thermoformable films of metal on the frame 10 deep draw are also possible.
  • a film 38 adapted to the respective requirements can be used.
  • multilayer or multilayer films 38 may also be used for other purposes, for example, to achieve different mechanical properties on the inside and the outside.
  • a macro retention of the veneer 12 on the framework 10 is provided by the engagement of the at least one retaining bead 44 in the at least one recess 42.
  • the film 38 is bonded to the framework 10.
  • Such a bond is particularly easy to produce by using a film 38 which has a suitable adhesive layer on its side facing the frame 10.
  • a "tie layer” is provided which provides for a stable chemical or mechanical bond (the latter, e.g., through micro-retention) of the film 38 to the framework 10.
  • the framework prior to the deep-drawing process is suitably conditioned for the composite process, e.g. mechanically or chemically treated.
  • FIG. 2 shows the completed dental prosthesis with a veneer 12 cut and finished at the connection boundaries 22, 30.
  • the framework 10 is cemented onto a prepared tooth stump 46, which has the shape of the upper section 16 of the mounting holder 14 from FIG. Furthermore, FIG. 2 schematically shows a tooth root 48 and a preparation border 50.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention, wherein optional steps are represented by dashed boxes.
  • the method comprises the main steps of making the framework 10 (step 60) and making the veneer 12 (step 62). If necessary, this is followed by an optional step 64, in which the veneer 12 is mounted on the frame 10.
  • a CAD construction of the framework 10 (step 66) is first performed in the exemplary embodiment described here.
  • the engineered scaffold 10 is then fabricated in step 68 by a CAM process.
  • CAM method is understood to mean all computer-assisted production methods, including additive and subtractive methods.
  • the framework is post-processed in step 70, e.g. polished.
  • the CAD construction of the framework in step 66 is carried out in the present embodiment as fully anatomical modeling of the tooth replacement, eg the crown or bridge or the prosthesis.
  • various dental CAD programs are known as such.
  • the CAD programs each have a tooth database from which the operator can select the most appropriate tooth shapes and then customize them using various digital editing tools.
  • Particular attention is paid here to the design of the contact situation with the opposing jaw (occlusal contacts) and the neighboring teeth (approximal contacts).
  • the anatomical outer contour of the dental prosthesis is reduced by a defined value.
  • the degree of reduction depends on the one hand on the thickness of the thermoforming sheet 38, and on the other hand on the thermoforming behavior of the film 38. In this case, in particular the stretching and concomitant dilution of the film 38 during the deep-drawing process are taken into account. This stretch is usually different in different areas of the veneer 12.
  • the deep-drawn film 38 on a further to the cervical (cervical) reaching side surface 32 of the veneer 12 thinner than at the less far reaching to the tooth neck side surface 36, and the deep-drawn film 38 at the second mentioned Side surface 36 may itself be thinner than in occlusal region 34.
  • the CAD software calculates the data set of the reduced framework 10 in such a way that the occlusal region 26 of this framework 10 shows an exact morphology of the occlusal surface (only in a reduced size) since this provides a sufficiently accurate representation of the occlusal surface on the deep-drawn Veneering 12 is possible.
  • CAM production occurs in step 68.
  • milling paths are calculated for this purpose in a manner known per se, according to which the framework 10 is milled on a CNC machine.
  • the framework 10 When using pre-sintered zirconia blanks (white pieces), the framework 10 must still be used in a thermal follow-up procedure. at about 1350 ° C - 1650 ° C are densely sintered. In this case, the framework 10 can be individually stained by means of inorganic dyeing liquids prior to the thermal process.
  • the scaffold 10 on the stump or stumps of a master cast is checked and optionally optimized by removing impurities in its accuracy of fit. Subsequently, the framework 10 is polished to a high gloss. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the framework 10 is already provided in this phase with a stain and / or glaze brand fire. In other embodiments, however, this step takes place only after the deep drawing of the veneer 12.
  • the framework 10 is hereby completed.
  • the subsequent production of the veneer in the main step 62 comprises deep-drawing of the veneer (step 72) and post-processing of the veneer (step 74), in which optionally the restoration can also be finished by means of polish or glaze firing.
  • step 72 the veneer is deep-drawn.
  • the technology for deep-drawing thermoplastically deformable plastic film materials is known per se in the dental field. However, this does not relate to the use according to the invention of the thermoforming technology for the production of veneers for dentures. This technology is particularly advantageous in combination with computer-aided scaffold substructures. Since the skeletal structure ultimately defines the anatomical exterior shape of the deep-drawing veneer, computer-assisted calculations are very helpful, as described above.
  • the deep-drawing process takes place by application of overpressure or underpressure or overpressure and underpressure.
  • the duration of the process and the degree of overpressure and / or underpressure depend on the respective foil material.
  • the deep-drawn veneer 12 is first shortened in its length exactly to the length defined in the frame 10, since during the deep-drawing process the film 38 is pulled over the complete frame 10 and beyond. This process can be done manually or automatically, for example by laser cutting technology.
  • the transition from the veneer 12 to the frame 10 can be ground in a shape-congruent manner, for example with rubber polishers. Furthermore, the proximal and occlusal contacts are checked and ground in as needed.
  • a polishing process completes the manufacturing process of the veneer 12. If, on the other hand, a ceramic foil has been deep-drawn, it may still have to be debind in a furnace process. This results in the veneer 12 cavities, which are filled in a subsequent infiltration process, for example, with low-melting glasses or glass frit.
  • the veneer is fmalised with an optional stain and glaze firebrand. In some embodiments, this fire can be combined with the infiltration fire, so that ultimately only two furnace process steps are necessary. Thus, the manufacturing process is completed even in the case of a ceramic film.
  • the framework 10 and / or the veneer 12 are designed such that a reliable connection of these two components takes place already by the deep-drawing process.
  • the framework 10 and the veneer 12 may be joined in the optional further step 64.
  • a combination of two or more types of attachment is possible and subject of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 For example, a model of the framework 10 of the existing denture is first prepared.
  • This model is also referred to as a "duplicate model" because, in preferred embodiments, it is at least on its outside identical to the outside 20 of the existing framework 10.
  • the model e.g. one of the CAM methods described above are used, wherein preferably the same data set, which was also used for the preparation of the existing scaffold 10, is used.
  • a duplicate model is made "in stock" as early as the manufacture of the original scaffold 10.
  • thermoforming process applies mutatis mutandis, but with the difference that the deep drawing is not - as in the production of the original dentures - on the frame 10, but on the duplicate model. It is understood that in this case no thermoforming processes and materials are used, in which already by the deep drawing process, a firm connection between the model and the film would arise.
  • the new veneer will be reworked after deep drawing.
  • the previous veneer 12 is removed, for example by slitting with a rotating instrument.
  • the new veneer is then mounted on the existing framework 10, using the techniques described above.
  • buccal / labial side surface (the veneer 12) occlusal region (the veneer 12)

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Dental Preparations (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'une prothèse dentaire dans lequel on prépare une armature (10) et on réalise une facette (12) pour l'armature (10) par une opération comprenant l'emboutissage d'une feuille (38) sur l'armature (10). Dans un procédé de fabrication d'une facette (12) destinée à être fixé en tant que partie d'une prothèse dentaire sur au moins une armature (10) de la prothèse, on réalise un modèle de l'armature (10) et on réalise la facette (12) par une opération comprenant l'emboutissage d'une feuille (38) sur le modèle de l'armature (10). Une prothèse dentaire comporte une armature (10) et une facette (12) emboutie disposée sur l'armature (10). Une facette (12) destinée à une prothèse dentaire est emboutie. L'invention permet de fabriquer rapidement et économiquement une prothèse dentaire ou une facette ayant de bonnes propriétés odontologiques.
PCT/EP2013/063746 2012-06-29 2013-06-28 Procédé de fabrication d'une prothèse dentaire WO2014001556A1 (fr)

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DE102012211332.0A DE102012211332B4 (de) 2012-06-29 2012-06-29 Zahnersatz, Verblendung für einen Zahnersatz und Herstellungsverfahren
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DE102019117644A1 (de) * 2019-07-01 2021-01-07 Johann Olejnik Gebisseinsatz für den Unter- und / oder Oberkiefer sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines derartigen Gebisseinsatzes
US20220022999A1 (en) * 2018-12-07 2022-01-27 3M Innovative Properties Company Dental Crown Having a Three-Dimensional Printed Highly Retentive Layer and Methods of Making the Same
US11452583B2 (en) 2019-01-10 2022-09-27 Paramvir Singh Dental implant evaluation unit
US12133786B2 (en) 2022-08-23 2024-11-05 Paramvir Singh Dental implant evaluation unit

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DE102014109098A1 (de) * 2014-06-27 2015-12-31 Heraeus Kulzer Gmbh Mit Folie modifizierte dentale Prothesen mit verbesserten Eigenschaften
DE102016107935A1 (de) * 2016-04-28 2017-11-02 Kulzer Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen einer realen Verblendung sowie Verblendung und Brücke erhältlich nach dem Verfahren
DE102022110539A1 (de) 2022-04-29 2023-11-02 Ca-Digital Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Befestigungshilfe zur Befestigung eines Retainers an Zähnen eines Patienten

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