CN107714210A - 一种具有分层结构的仿生义齿 - Google Patents
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- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical group O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003462 bioceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
- A61C13/08—Artificial teeth; Making same
- A61C13/09—Composite teeth, e.g. front and back section; Multilayer teeth
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
- A61C13/08—Artificial teeth; Making same
- A61C13/083—Porcelain or ceramic teeth
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有分层结构的仿生义齿,用于缺失牙修复,包括形态层、耐磨层、过渡层和缓冲层,形态层、耐磨层、过渡层和缓冲层从上到下弹性模量先小后大;相邻两层连接面形态为波纹形或纺锤形。仿生义齿通过对患牙部位CT扫描得到三维轮廓数据导入复合材料3D打印中加工制成。本发明通过软硬结合,梯度变化的分层结构,模拟真实牙齿分层结构特性,保持义齿的韧性、耐久性、咀嚼舒适性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属牙科修复技术领域,特别是涉及一种具有分层结构的仿生义齿。
背景技术
随着人民生活水平的提高和人口老龄化进程的发展,人们对口腔健康的意识越来越高。然而饮食的多样化和不良咀嚼习惯等原因使得牙齿磨耗缺损问题日益严重。天然牙或义齿的严重磨耗会导致牙本质过敏,牙周炎,颌下关节紊乱等一系列口腔问题。
目前广泛使用的义齿主要由牙冠、牙桩和人工金属牙根组成。种植牙时,需先将人工金属牙根通过螺纹植入缺牙处齿槽骨中,待3-6个月软骨组织修复后在进行牙桩和牙冠的植入。其缺点在于,首先在人工金属牙根方面,人工金属牙根与天然牙根相比只有一个牙根,这种在牙根数量以及缺少牙槽骨保护的结构上的差异会使义齿受力集中且不易固定;而且批量生产的人工金属牙根无法满足不同患者的个体性差异,影响术后效果;其次,这种牙根、牙桩、牙冠的分步种植方式,在增加治疗周期影响美观的同时也增加了患者的痛苦。
自数字化技术新兴以来,3D打印技术对口腔牙科发展产生了革命性影响。利用CT或3D扫描仪对患者缺牙部位进行扫描,即可得到牙齿及牙槽骨的医学影像数据,3D模型重建后导入3D打印机,即可获得满足患者要求的个性化义齿,同时义齿的结构更接近于天然牙,提高了义齿的实用性和患者的舒适度。
自然界中生物表现出的优异性能经历亿万年进化,通过多个影响因素相互耦合,协同作用来实现。仿生学以自然界生物进化形成的经验为参照,通过研究生物体的结构,形态,功能等特征,并将其应用到社会生产生活方方面面。人类等哺乳动物牙齿由牙冠,牙颈,牙根组成,从牙本质到牙釉质,无机成分逐渐增加,硬度逐渐增大,这种结构能够避免应力集中且更加耐磨。
发明内容
本发明目的在于克服现有义齿脆性大、应力集中等缺点和不足,提供基于天然牙结构组成特点的一种具有分层结构的仿生义齿。
本发明包括形态层、耐磨层、过渡层和缓冲层,形态层、耐磨层、过渡层和缓冲层从上到下弹性模量先小后大,呈硬软硬结构;
所述形态层的材质为生物陶瓷,生物陶瓷的外观颜色与天然牙相似;
所述耐磨层的材质为二氧化锆陶瓷,二氧化锆陶瓷的弹性模量与牙釉质相近;
所述过渡层的材质为玻璃渗透陶瓷,玻璃渗透陶瓷的弹性模量与釉牙本质界相近;
所述缓冲层的材质为钛合金,钛合金的弹性模量与牙骨质相近,使义齿根部与牙槽骨有良好的结合力。
所述的层与层的连接面形态为纺锤型或波纹型。
纺锤型的层间距相同,层间距为1.5mm。
波纹型的层间距相同,层间距是1.5mm,每个波纹的半径为0.2mm,波长为0.4mm。
本发明的有益效果:
1、以天然牙为仿生结构原型,分层处理,结构合理,减小牙齿咀嚼时应力集中。
2、从外到内,弹性模量先小后大,耐磨性强,延长牙科修复体使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为本发明具有纺锤型分层结构的仿生义齿结构示意图。
图2为本发明具有波纹型分层结构的仿生义齿结构示意图。
具体实施方式
实例一:
如图1所示,具有分层结构的仿生义齿具有纺锤形分层结构,包括形态层、耐磨层、过渡层和缓冲层,形态层、耐磨层、过渡层和缓冲层从上到下弹性模量先小后大,呈硬软硬结构;
所述的形态层为h1,形态层的材质为生物陶瓷,生物陶瓷的外观颜色与天然牙相似;
所述的耐磨层具有第一耐磨层h2、第二耐磨层h3和第三耐磨层h4,耐磨层的材质为二氧化锆陶瓷,二氧化锆陶瓷的弹性模量与牙釉质相近;
所述的过渡层具有第一过渡层h5、第二过渡层h6和第三过渡层h7,过渡层的材质为玻璃渗透陶瓷,玻璃渗透陶瓷的弹性模量与釉牙本质界相近;
所述的缓冲层具有第一缓冲层h8、第二缓冲层h9和第三缓冲层h10,缓冲层的材质为钛合金,钛合金的弹性模量与牙骨质相近,使义齿根部与牙槽骨有良好的结合力。
层间距相同,层间距为1.5mm。
实例二:
如图2所示,具有分层结构的仿生义齿具有具有波纹型分层结构,包括形态层、耐磨层、过渡层和缓冲层,形态层、耐磨层、过渡层和缓冲层从上到下弹性模量先小后大;
所述的形态层为h1,形态层的材质为生物陶瓷,生物陶瓷的外观颜色与天然牙相似;
所述的耐磨层具有第一耐磨层h2、第二耐磨层h3和第三耐磨层h4,耐磨层的材质为二氧化锆陶瓷,二氧化锆陶瓷的弹性模量与牙釉质相近;
所述的过渡层具有第一过渡层h5、第二过渡层h6和第三过渡层h7,过渡层的材质为玻璃渗透陶瓷,玻璃渗透陶瓷的弹性模量与釉牙本质界相近;
所述的缓冲层具有第一缓冲层h8、第二缓冲层h9、第三缓冲层h10、第四缓冲层h11、第五缓冲层h12和第六缓冲层h13,缓冲层的材质为钛合金,钛合金的弹性模量与牙骨质相近,使义齿根部与牙槽骨有良好的结合力。
层间距相同,层间距是1.5mm,每个波纹的半径为0.2mm,波长为0.4mm。
本发明的制造方法如下:
所述的本发明的仿生义齿通过CT扫描得到三维轮廓数据导入复合材料3D打印中加工制成。复合材料为由上到下弹性模量先小后大的形态层,耐磨层,过渡层,缓冲层构成,
本发明采用3D打印技术,运用CT扫描仪对患牙部位三维扫描并将数据导入Mimics软件中进行三维建模,Geomagic Studio软件中修复,最后导入SolidWorks软件中使模型实体化,然后将其数据模型导入复合材料3D打印机中,完成具有分层结构的仿生牙冠,最后利用树脂粘结剂将仿生牙冠粘结于已备牙表面。
Claims (5)
1.一种具有分层结构的仿生义齿,其特征在于:包括形态层、耐磨层、过渡层和缓冲层,形态层、耐磨层、过渡层和缓冲层从上到下弹性模量先小后大,呈硬软硬结构;形态层的材质为生物陶瓷,耐磨层的材质为二氧化锆陶瓷,过渡层的材质为玻璃渗透陶瓷,缓冲层的材质为钛合金。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有分层结构的仿生义齿,其特征在于:所述的层与层的连接面形态为纺锤型或波纹型。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种具有分层结构的仿生义齿,其特征在于:纺锤型的层间距相同,层间距为1.5mm。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种具有分层结构的仿生义齿,其特征在于:波纹型的层间距相同,层间距是1.5mm,每个波纹的半径为0.2mm,波长为0.4mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有分层结构的仿生义齿,其特征在于:所述生物陶瓷的外观颜色与天然牙相似;所述二氧化锆陶瓷的弹性模量与牙釉质相近;所述玻璃渗透陶瓷的弹性模量与釉牙本质界相近;所述钛合金的弹性模量与牙骨质相近。
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Cited By (2)
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CN110478072A (zh) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-22 | 北京大学口腔医学院 | 一种精准仿生陶瓷牙修复体的3d打印制作方法 |
CN111136915A (zh) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-05-12 | 北京大学口腔医学院 | 一种力学美学梯度渐变义齿一体化设计与3d打印方法 |
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