WO2014000674A1 - 充电器及充电系统 - Google Patents

充电器及充电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014000674A1
WO2014000674A1 PCT/CN2013/078261 CN2013078261W WO2014000674A1 WO 2014000674 A1 WO2014000674 A1 WO 2014000674A1 CN 2013078261 W CN2013078261 W CN 2013078261W WO 2014000674 A1 WO2014000674 A1 WO 2014000674A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
resistor
charger
feedback unit
diode
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2013/078261
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱雄伟
魏孔刚
郭祖峰
Original Assignee
华为终端有限公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为终端有限公司 filed Critical 华为终端有限公司
Priority to JP2015600036U priority Critical patent/JP3198222U/ja
Priority to EP13809055.0A priority patent/EP2804287B1/en
Publication of WO2014000674A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014000674A1/zh
Priority to US14/464,899 priority patent/US9362768B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0045—Converters combining the concepts of switch-mode regulation and linear regulation, e.g. linear pre-regulator to switching converter, linear and switching converter in parallel, same converter or same transistor operating either in linear or switching mode
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B40/00—Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to power electronics, and more particularly to a charger and a charging system. Background technique
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a charger provided in the prior art.
  • the charger detects the voltage across the capacitor C (ie, the output voltage of the charger) through its internal voltage sampling feedback unit. Then, the detected voltage is processed by the voltage sampling feedback unit and fed back to a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controller to control the output voltage, and the output voltage of the charger is maintained at a preset preset by the user. Voltage (such as 5V).
  • LDO Low Drop Out Regulator
  • DC Direct Current
  • the terminal battery voltage In the linear charging mode, during the charging of the terminal battery, the terminal battery voltage will continuously increase as the charging progresses. When the battery voltage is at a relatively low level, charging the battery with a constant voltage of 5V will result in The excess loss of electric energy, how to reduce the energy consumption of the charger on the basis of improving the effectiveness of charging, is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
  • the present invention provides a charger for effectively saving energy, comprising: a rectifier, a transformer, a first diode, a capacitor, a voltage feedback unit, a PWM controller, and a semiconductor switching device;
  • the rectifier is connected to an alternating current grid
  • the primary end of the transformer is connected to the output of the rectifier, and the other end is connected to the semiconductor switching device;
  • the secondary end of the transformer is connected to the anode of the first diode, and the other end is grounded; one end of the capacitor is connected to the cathode of the first diode, and the other end is grounded;
  • Two input ends of the voltage sampling feedback unit are connected in parallel with the capacitor; a feedback input end of the PWM controller is connected to an output end of the voltage sampling feedback unit, and an output end of the PWM controller is connected to a control end of the semiconductor switching device;
  • the charger further includes: a battery voltage feedback unit;
  • the two input ends of the battery voltage feedback unit are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of the terminal battery, and the output end is connected to the voltage sample feedback unit.
  • the voltage sample feedback unit includes:
  • the photocoupler is composed of a light emitting diode and a phototransistor, the anode of the LED is connected to the second end of the first resistor, the first end of the first resistor is connected to the cathode of the first diode; the collector of the phototransistor Connected to the input end of the PWM controller, the emitter of the phototransistor is grounded;
  • a voltage dividing network composed of a second resistor and a third resistor; a first end of the second resistor is connected to the cathode of the first diode, and a second end of the second resistor is connected to the first end of the third resistor The second end of the third resistor is grounded;
  • the reference end of the voltage reference source is connected to the first end of the third resistor, the conduction end of the voltage reference source is connected to the cathode of the LED, and the ground of the voltage reference source Grounding
  • the battery voltage feedback unit includes:
  • a transistor, an emitter and a collector are respectively connected to the first end and the second end of the second resistor, the base is connected to the anode of the third diode; and the cathode of the third diode is connected to the first end of the fourth resistor
  • the second end of the fourth resistor is in series with the positive terminal of the terminal battery.
  • the utility model also provides a charging system, comprising: a terminal and a charger as described above; a negative pole of the first diode of the charger is a voltage output end of the charger, and a battery of the charging terminal The positive and negative electrodes are connected.
  • the technical effect of the utility model is: adding a battery voltage feedback unit in the charger to detect the terminal battery voltage, and feeding back the detected terminal battery voltage to the voltage sample feedback unit inside the charger, so that the voltage sample feedback
  • the unit can adjust the output voltage of the charger in real time according to the actual voltage of the terminal battery, so that the output voltage of the charger can be gradually increased as the terminal battery voltage increases, thereby effectively reducing the energy consumption of the charger and achieving energy saving purposes.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a charger provided in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a charger provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a charging system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a specific implementation of a charger provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of comparison of the output voltage of the charger of the prior art and the present scheme. detailed description
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a charger provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a charging system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the content shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 is provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the charger includes: a rectifier 21, a transformer 22, a first diode 23, a capacitor 24, a voltage sampling feedback unit 25, a PWM controller 26, and a semiconductor switching device 27; wherein the rectifier 21 is connected to an alternating current (AC) grid 20; The primary end of the transformer 22 is connected to the output of the rectifier 21, the other end of the transformer 22 is connected to the semiconductor switching device 27; the secondary end of the transformer 22 is connected to the anode of the first diode 23, and the other end of the transformer 22 is connected.
  • AC alternating current
  • one end of the capacitor 24 is connected to the negative pole of the first diode 23, and the other end of the capacitor 24 is grounded; the voltage sampling feedback unit 25 is connected in parallel with the capacitor 24; the feedback input terminal of the PWM controller 26 and the voltage sampling feedback unit 25 The output terminals are connected, and the output of the PWM controller 26 is connected to the control terminal of the semiconductor switching device 27; : Battery voltage feedback unit 28; two input terminals of the battery voltage feedback unit 28 are respectively connected to positive and negative terminals of the battery, the battery voltage output terminal of the voltage feedback unit 28 is connected to the feedback unit 25 preclude comp.
  • the negative terminal of the first diode 23 is the voltage output terminal of the charger, and the charger is shared with the battery of the terminal.
  • the two input terminals of the battery voltage feedback unit 28 are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of the battery of the terminal.
  • the two input ends of the battery voltage feedback unit 28 can be implemented by means of an auxiliary line on the charging cable in the charger, such as a D+/D-signal line of a standard USB interface.
  • the battery voltage feedback unit 28 can be a control chip or a discrete circuit that enables measurement of the terminal battery voltage.
  • FIG. 4 a specific implementation circuit diagram of the charger provided by the present invention, wherein the circuit composed of the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3, the photocoupler U2, and the voltage reference source U3 is an initial circuit.
  • the voltage sampling feedback unit 25, the new transistor Q2, the third diode D3, and the fourth resistor R4 constitute a battery voltage feedback unit 28.
  • optocoupler The U2 is composed of a light emitting diode and a phototransistor.
  • R2 and R3 constitute an output voltage divider network, and the voltage on R3 is compared with the reference voltage in the voltage reference source U3, only when the voltage on R3 exceeds the reference voltage in the voltage reference source U3.
  • the current from the K terminal to the A terminal of the voltage reference source flows, so that a path of current is formed from the 1st to the 2nd end of the R1, the photocoupler U2, and the K terminal to the A terminal of the voltage reference source U3.
  • the Vce of U2 turns on.
  • a fixed output voltage Vout is obtained by setting the resistance ratio of R2 and R3.
  • a feedback current shunt circuit is formed from Vout through transistor Q2, diode D3, and resistor R4.
  • This shunt circuit is equivalent to a variable resistor connected to R2.
  • the value increases as the battery voltage increases; this is equivalent to dynamically adjusting the ratio of R2 and R3, thereby dynamically adjusting the actual value of the output voltage Vout.
  • Vbe of Q2 will be turned on, and then Vce is turned on, so that current flows through Q2, so that the current flowing through R2 is divided by the shunt circuit, and the voltage will change. Therefore, the fixed voltage division ratio in the voltage sampling feedback unit 25 can be changed to achieve the purpose of dynamically adjusting the output voltage Vout.
  • the output voltage of the charger can be dynamically adjusted according to the actual battery voltage.
  • the output voltage of the charger Vout Vbat+ AV, where, in order to maintain maximum current linear charging, on the charging power device (referring to a triode on the terminal side, the triode is connected to the power management unit (PMU) and the battery), the minimum voltage drop, Generally, it can be below 0.2V.
  • the AV is controlled at about 0.5V. Because the range of Vbat is between 3.0V and 4.2V, the range of Vout can be between 3.5V and 4.7V, which is maintained compared with the previous one. At 5V, the voltage drops by about 0.3V and 1.5V, so that while the terminal device is charging efficiently, the output power of the charger is greatly reduced. Therefore, the input power of the charger is also reduced, thereby saving power.
  • the charger can still charge the terminal according to the original set constant output voltage such as 5V.
  • the charger provided by the utility model adds a battery voltage feedback unit to the charger to detect the terminal battery voltage, and feeds back the detected terminal battery voltage to the voltage sample feedback unit, so that the voltage sample feedback unit can
  • the terminal battery voltage adjusts the output voltage of the charger in a timely manner, so that the output voltage can be gradually increased as the terminal battery voltage increases, thereby effectively saving the energy consumption of the charger.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

一种充电器及充电系统，充电器包括：整流器（21）、变压器（22）、第一二极管（23）、电容（24）、电压采样反馈单元（25）、PWM控制器（26）以及半导体开关器件（27）；整流器（21）与交流电网（20）相连；变压器（22）的初级一端与整流器（21）的输出端相连，另一端与半导体开关器件（27）相连；变压器（22）的次级一端与第一二极管（23）的正极相连，另一端接地；电容（24）的一端与第一二极管（23）的负极相连，另一端接地；电压采样反馈单元（25）的两个输入端与电容（24）并联；PWM控制器（26）的反馈输入端与电压采样反馈单元（25）的输出端相连，PWM控制器（26）的输出端与半导体开关器件（27）的控制端相连;其中，充电器还包括：电池电压反馈单元（28）；电池电压反馈单元（28）的两个输入端分别连接在终端电池的正负极，输出端与电压采样反馈单元（25）相连。

Description

充电器及充电系统 技术领域 本实用新型涉及电力电子技术， 尤其涉及一种充电器及充电系统。 背景技术
图 1为现有技术中提供的充电器的结构示意图， 从图 1 中可以看出， 充 电器通过其内部的电压釆样反馈单元检测电容 C两端的电压 （也即充电器的 输出电压 ), 然后将检测到的电压通过电压釆样反馈单元处理后反馈给脉冲宽 度调制 （ Pulse Width Modulation, 简称为： PWM )控制器， 从而控制输出电 压， 将充电器的输出电压维持在用户预先设定的电压（比如 5V )。 终端与图 1 所示的充电器建立连接之后， 可以釆用低压差线性稳压器 （Low Drop Out regulator, 简称为： LDO )线性模式或者直流电（ Direct Current, 简称为： DC ) 开关模式为终端的内置电池充电。 在线性充电模式下， 在为终端电池充电的 过程中， 终端电池电压会随着充电的进行而不断升高， 当电池电压处于比较 低的水平的时候，使用 5V的恒定电压给电池充电会造电能的多余损耗，如何 在提高充电的有效性的基础上， 降低充电器的能耗， 是本领域技术人员有待 解决的问题。
实用新型内容 本实用新型提供一种用于有效节约能耗的充电器， 包括： 整流器、 变压 器、 第一二极管、 电容、 电压釆样反馈单元、 PWM控制器以及半导体开关器 件；
所述整流器与交流电网相连；
所述变压器的初级一端与所述整流器的输出端相连， 另一端与半导体开 关器件相连；
所述变压器的次级一端与所述第一二极管的正极相连， 另一端接地； 所述电容的一端与所述第一二极管的负极相连， 另一端接地；
所述电压釆样反馈单元的两个输入端与所述电容并联； 所述 PWM控制器的反馈输入端与所述电压釆样反馈单元的输出端相连， 所述 PWM控制器的输出端与所述半导体开关器件的控制端相连；
其特征在于， 所述充电器还包括： 电池电压反馈单元；
所述电池电压反馈单元的两个输入端分别连接在终端电池的正负极， 输 出端与所述电压釆样反馈单元相连。
如上所述的充电器， 所述电压釆样反馈单元包括：
光电耦合器， 由发光二极管和光敏三极管组成， 发光二极管的正极与第 一电阻的第二端相连， 第一电阻的第一端与所述第一二极管的负极相连； 光 敏三极管的集电极与所述 PWM控制器的输入端相连，光敏三极管的发射极接 地；
由第二电阻和第三电阻组成的电压分压网络， 第二电阻的第一端与所述 第一二极管的负极相连， 第二电阻的第二端与第三电阻的第一端相连， 第三 电阻的第二端接地；
为第三电阻提供电压基准的电压基准源， 电压基准源的参考端与第三电 阻的第一端相连， 电压基准源的导通端与所述发光二极管的负极相连， 电压 基准源的接地端接地；
所述电池电压反馈单元包括：
三极管， 发射极和集电极分别与第二电阻的第一端和第二端相连， 基极 与第三二极管的正极相连； 第三二极管的负极与第四电阻的第一端相连， 第 四电阻的第二端与终端电池正极相串联。
本实用新型还提供一种充电系统， 包括： 终端以及如上所述的充电器； 所述充电器中第一二极管的负极为所述充电器的电压输出端， 所述充电 终端的电池的正极和负极相连。
本实用新型的技术效果是： 在充电器中增设电池电压反馈单元， 用以检 测终端电池电压， 并将检测到的终端电池电压反馈给充电器内部的电压釆样 反馈单元， 使得电压釆样反馈单元可以根据该终端电池的实际电压实时调整 充电器的输出电压， 从而使得充电器的输出电压可以随着终端电池电压的升 高而逐渐升高， 从而有效降低充电器的能耗， 达到节能目的。 附图说明
图 1为现有技术中提供的充电器的结构示意图；
图 2为本实用新型实施例提供的充电器的结构示意图；
图 3为本实用新型实施例提供的充电系统的结构示意图；
图 4为本实用新型实施例提供的充电器的具体实现电路图；
图 5为现有技术与本方案的充电器输出电压对比示意图。 具体实施方式
图 2为本实用新型实施例提供的充电器的结构示意图， 图 3为本实用新 型实施例提供的充电系统的结构示意图， 结合图 2与图 3所示的内容， 本实 用新型实施例提供的充电器包括： 整流器 21、 变压器 22、 第一二极管 23、 电 容 24、电压釆样反馈单元 25、 PWM控制器 26以及半导体开关器件 27;其中， 整流器 21与交流（AC ) 电网 20相连； 变压器 22的初级一端与整流器 21的 输出端相连， 变压器 22的初级另一端与半导体开关器件 27相连； 变压器 22 的次级一端与第一二极管 23的正极相连， 变压器 22的次级另一端接地； 电 容 24的一端与第一二极管 23的负极相连， 电容 24的另一端接地； 电压釆样 反馈单元 25与电容 24并联； PWM控制器 26的反馈输入端与电压釆样反馈 单元 25的输出端相连， PWM控制器 26的输出端与半导体开关器件 27的控 制端相连； 充电器还包括： 电池电压反馈单元 28; 该电池电压反馈单元 28的 两个输入端分别连接在终端电池的正负极， 电池电压反馈单元 28的输出端与 电压釆样反馈单元 25相连。
第一二极管 23的负极即为充电器的电压输出端， 充电器与终端的电池共 地，电池电压反馈单元 28的两个输入端分别与终端的电池的正极和负极相连。
其中， 需要说明的是， 该电池电压反馈单元 28的两个输入端可以借助于 充电器中充电线缆上的辅助线而实现， 例如标准 USB接口的 D+/D-信号线。 该电池电压反馈单元 28可以是控制芯片或者分立电路， 实现对终端电池电压 的测量。 参见图 4 所示的本实用新型提供的充电器的具体实现电路图， 其中 第一电阻 Rl、 第二电阻 R2、 第三电阻 R3、 光电耦合器 U2、 电压基准源 U3 所组成的电路为初始的电压釆样反馈单元 25 , 新增三极管 Q2、 第三二极管 D3、 第四电阻 R4组成电池电压反馈单元 28。 其中， 如图 4所示， 光电耦合 器 U2由发光二极管和光敏三极管组成。
初始电压釆样反馈单元 25中， R2和 R3组成输出电压分压网络， R3上 的电压和电压基准源 U3中的基准电压进行比较， 只有当 R3上的电压超过电 压基准源 U3中的基准电压， 电压基准源的 K端到 A端才会有电流流过， 从 而使得从 R1、 光电耦合器 U2的 1端到 2端、 电压基准源 U3的 K端到 A端 形成一条电流的通路。 而当光电耦合器 U2的 1端到 2端导通时， U2的 Vce 会导通。 通过设置 R2和 R3的阻值比例， 从而获得固定的输出电压 Vout。
新增 Q2、 D3、 R4后， 当 Vbat和电池正端连接后， 从 Vout经过三极管 Q2、 二极管 D3、 电阻 R4形成一个反馈电流分流回路， 这个分流回路相当于 给 R2并联一个可变电阻（阻值随着电池电压的升高而升高）； 这样就相当于 动态调整了 R2和 R3的比例，从而动态的调整了输出电压 Vout的实际值。具 体的， 当 Vout仍然大于 Vbat时， Q2的 Vbe会导通， 继而 Vce导通， 使得 Q2上有电流流过， 这样， 流过 R2的电流被分流回路分走一部分， 电压会有 所改变， 从而可以改变上述电压釆样反馈单元 25中固定的分压比例， 达到动 态调整输出电压 Vout的目的。
通过上述电池电压反馈单元 28、 电压釆样反馈单元 25以及 PWM控制器 26的共同作用， 可以有效根据实际的电池电压对充电器的输出电压进行动态 调整， 此时充电器的输出电压 Vout=Vbat+ A V, 其中， 为保持最大电流 线性充电时， 在充电功率器件上 （指终端设备侧的一个三极管， 该三极管连 接电源管理单元（ Power Management Unit , 简称为： PMU )和电池） 的最小 压降， 一般可以在 0.2V以下， 本方案将 A V控制在 0.5V左右， 因为 Vbat的 范围为 3.0V~4.2V之间， 故 Vout的范围可以在 3.5V~4.7V之间， 相比较于之 前始终维持在 5V, 电压下降了 0.3V 1.5V左右， 这样保持终端设备在高效充 电的同时， 充电器的输出功率大幅下降， 因此， 充电器的输入功率也随之降 低， 从而节约了电能。
具体的， 图 1所示的现有技术中， 假设使用 5V/1A的充电器（AC/DC转 换效率假设为 80% ),给一部内置 lOOOmAH电池的终端充电，充电时间为 1H, 那么充电器消耗的能量 P=5 V* 1 A/80%* 1H=6WH。
在本实用新型实施例提供的方案中， 使用同样 1A输出电流的充电器， 但 是输出电压随着电池电压逐渐升高，那么充电器的平均输出电压 V=( 3.5+4.7 ) /2=4.1V , 充 电 时 间 1H 不 变 ， 那 么 充 电 器 消 耗 的 能 量 P=4. IV* 1 A/80%* 1H=5.1W, 相对原始充电器节约了 15%的电量。 参见图 5所 示的现有技术与本方案的充电器输出电压对比示意图。
现在全球约有 59亿部手机， 假设全球每天有 10%的手机会充电， 那么每 天节约的电量 Pt= ( 6-5.1 ) *5900000000*10%=5.3亿 WH=53万 KWH, 相当 于一座大型发电站的发电功率。
还需要说明的是， 如果电池电压反馈单元 28没有接收到反馈过来的电池 电压， 则充电器还是可以按照原始设定的恒定输出电压如 5V 为终端进行充 电。
本实用新型提供的充电器， 在充电器中增设电池电压反馈单元， 用以检 测终端电池电压， 并将检测到的终端电池电压反馈给电压釆样反馈单元， 使 得电压釆样反馈单元可以根据该终端电池电压适时调整充电器的输出电压， 以使得输出电压可以随着终端电池电压的升高而逐渐升高， 从而有效节约充 电器的能耗。
最后应说明的是： 以上各实施例仅用以说明本实用新型的技术方案， 而 非对其限制； 尽管参照前述各实施例对本实用新型进行了详细的说明， 本领 域的普通技术人员应当理解： 其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案 进行修改， 或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换； 而这些修改或 者替换， 并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本实用新型各实施例技术方案的范 围。

Claims

权 利 要求 书
1、 一种充电器， 包括： 整流器、 变压器、 第一二极管、 电容、 电压釆样反 馈单元、 脉冲宽度调制 PWM控制器以及半导体开关器件；
所述整流器与交流电网相连；
所述变压器的初级一端与所述整流器的输出端相连， 另一端与半导体开关 器件相连；
所述变压器的次级一端与所述第一二极管的正极相连， 另一端接地； 所述电容的一端与所述第一二极管的负极相连， 另一端接地；
所述电压釆样反馈单元的两个输入端与所述电容并联；
所述 PWM控制器的反馈输入端与所述电压釆样反馈单元的输出端相连，所 述 PWM控制器的输出端与所述半导体开关器件的控制端相连；
其特征在于， 所述充电器还包括： 电池电压反馈单元；
所述电池电压反馈单元的两个输入端分别连接在终端电池的正负极， 输出 端与所述电压釆样反馈单元相连。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的充电器， 其特征在于， 所述电压釆样反馈单元包 括：
光电耦合器， 由发光二极管和光敏三极管组成， 发光二极管的正极与第一 电阻的第二端相连， 第一电阻的第一端与所述第一二极管的负极相连； 光敏三 极管的集电极与所述 PWM控制器的输入端相连， 光敏三极管的发射极接地； 由第二电阻和第三电阻组成的电压分压网络， 第二电阻的第一端与所述第 一二极管的负极相连， 第二电阻的第二端与第三电阻的第一端相连， 第三电阻 的第二端接地；
为第三电阻提供电压基准的电压基准源， 电压基准源的参考端与第三电阻 的第一端相连， 电压基准源的导通端与所述发光二极管的负极相连， 电压基准 源的接地端接地；
所述电池电压反馈单元包括：
三极管， 发射极和集电极分别与第二电阻的第一端和第二端相连， 基极与 第三二极管的正极相连； 第三二极管的负极与第四电阻的第一端相连， 第四电 阻的第二端与终端电池正极相串联。
3、 一种充电系统， 其特征在于， 包括： 终端以及如权利要求 1或 2所述的 充电器；
所述充电器中第一二极管的负极为所述充电器的电压输出端， 所述充电器 的电池的正极和负极相连。
PCT/CN2013/078261 2012-06-28 2013-06-28 充电器及充电系统 WO2014000674A1 (zh)

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