WO2013191234A1 - Combination weighing device - Google Patents
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- WO2013191234A1 WO2013191234A1 PCT/JP2013/066916 JP2013066916W WO2013191234A1 WO 2013191234 A1 WO2013191234 A1 WO 2013191234A1 JP 2013066916 W JP2013066916 W JP 2013066916W WO 2013191234 A1 WO2013191234 A1 WO 2013191234A1
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- combination
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G19/00—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups
- G01G19/387—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups for combinatorial weighing, i.e. selecting a combination of articles whose total weight or number is closest to a desired value
- G01G19/393—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups for combinatorial weighing, i.e. selecting a combination of articles whose total weight or number is closest to a desired value using two or more weighing units
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- the present invention relates to a combination weighing device that combines a plurality of weighing values input from a plurality of weighing machines, selects an optimum combination of weighing machines, and discharges articles from the selected weighing machine.
- the weighed articles are discharged, and then new articles are supplied to enter the next weighing cycle. While such a cycle is repeated in the individual weighing hoppers, the availability of the device is improved. However, in some weighing hoppers, if such a cycle is delayed, articles easily adhere to the weighing hopper, and even if they are selected in combination, it becomes a factor affecting the weighing accuracy. Moreover, since the probability that such a staying hopper article is selected is relatively small, it also affects the weighing accuracy.
- the allowable range if there are multiple combinations where the combined total value falls within the set upper and lower limits (hereinafter referred to as the allowable range), many combinations that remain within the allowable range remain in the next weighing cycle. If you leave it, it will lead to an improvement in the operating rate. Furthermore, it may be preferable to select the second or third combination within the allowable range in order to improve accuracy and operating rate.
- the present invention is intended to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a new combination weighing device that can improve both the average accuracy and the operation rate after long-time operation.
- a combination weighing device is a combination weighing device that selects an optimum combination of weighing machines by combining weighing values obtained by a plurality of weighing machines for weighing articles, and each of the combinations is selected.
- a combination that maximizes the sum of the calculated evaluation values is selected as an optimal combination.
- Each of the evaluation functions includes a weighting coefficient that represents the degree of relevance of each evaluation function, and the weighting coefficient is determined by a computer that executes a genetic algorithm.
- the combination weighing device is provided with an operation unit. From the operation unit, it is possible to arbitrarily set whether to perform an operation focusing on accuracy or an operation focusing on the operation rate.
- an operation with an emphasis on accuracy and an operation with an emphasis on the operation rate can be performed by an operation from the operation unit.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration block diagram of a combination weighing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the evaluation function of the equation (1) is a linear function that becomes 1 if the combined total value is equal to the target value, and that gradually decreases as the distance from the target value increases.
- the deviation from the target value is e W
- the upper limit value of the deviation is e u
- b 1 ⁇ 1 / e u
- b 2 1.
- the combination weighing device supplies articles to the weighing hopper of each weighing machine and weighs them, and selects the optimum combination by combining the obtained weighing values. Further, the article is discharged from the weighing hopper of each selected weighing machine, and the article is supplied again to the discharged weighing hopper. Repeat such a series of cycles.
- Each weighing machine has its own counter. When the article has not been discharged, the count value of the counter is increased by one, and when the article is discharged, the counter value of the counter is reset to zero. When the count value of the counter is high, articles are staying in the weighing machine for many cycles. If it is left as it is, the number of combinations that fall within the allowable range decreases and the measurement accuracy deteriorates.
- the combination weighing device includes a plurality of weighing machines.
- the number of times belonging to any set is counted for each weighing machine, and the contribution of each weighing machine is defined by the following equation (4) based on the count value. Then, in this case, the contribution of each weighing machine is as shown in Table 1.
- the total value of contribution of the remaining weighing machines becomes the highest. Selecting such a combination will leave many combinations that fall within the allowable range in the next cycle, and as a result, the operating rate will be improved. Therefore, the following equation (5) is defined as an evaluation function for obtaining the total value of contributions of the remaining weighing machines.
- Table 1 the total value of the contributions of each group and the total value of the contributions of the remaining weighing machines are displayed as shown in Table 2. Therefore, if only the case of Table 1 is seen without considering other evaluation functions, the set 4 is the optimum combination. Then, since the remaining weighing machines belonging to the set 6 are within the allowable range even in the next cycle, the operating rate is improved.
- Equation (7) is defined as an evaluation function in which the evaluation value increases as V increases.
- W T is a combination target value.
- the combination when selecting a target number of articles, the combination may not be established in any way depending on the number of articles put into each weighing machine. For example, when the target number is set to an odd number, if an even number is supplied to each weighing machine, a combination failure occurs. Here, this state is referred to as a tabu state, but when the state falls into this state, the operation rate decreases. Therefore, the margin of each combination until falling into such a taboo state is calculated. For example, Table 3 assumes the case where the number shown in Table 3 is input to each of eight weighing machines, and the target number is seven.
- the weighing machine that satisfies the target number is the combination 1 from the remaining weighing machines. There are two. However, since there are no more combinations beyond this, in the case of this selected route, it is possible to guarantee the combination of the target numbers up to two cycles ahead. Therefore, the margin of the selected route in this case is set to 2. Subsequently, it is the combination 3 that can be selected from the weighing machines except the No. 3, 4, and 5 units, and then the combination 4 can be selected. In this case as well, since up to two cycles are guaranteed, the margin is set to 2 in this case as well.
- the margin of each selected route is obtained for all combinations satisfying the target number, and the one having the largest margin is defined as the margin T in the combination.
- the margin T in the combination of Nos. 3, 4, and 5 is 2.
- the following equation (8) is defined as an evaluation function in the case of the number combination using the margin T.
- the evaluation value V C of each combination is obtained by the following equation (9). look, the evaluation value V C is selected as the optimal combination largest one.
- a i is a weighting factor and is set to an arbitrary value under the constraint condition of the following equation (10).
- the coefficient a i serves as an index indicating how much importance is given to which evaluation function. By adjusting these coefficients, it is possible to perform an operation focusing on accuracy and an operation focusing on the operating rate. However, since it is difficult for humans to determine each coefficient, a Pareto optimal solution is obtained using a computer that executes a genetic algorithm.
- Pareto optimal solution a set of solutions that represent the limits of the trade-off relationship. This Pareto optimal solution tries to improve any value (eg, accuracy) of the objective function. It is a solution in which the value (operation rate) of another objective function is corrupted.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the Pareto optimal solution, where the solutions a, b, c, and d are Pareto optimal solutions, and the solutions e and f that deviate therefrom are inferior solutions.
- the limit surface formed by the set of solutions a, b, c, and d is called a Pareto front.
- a genetic algorithm is used to obtain the Pareto optimal solution.
- the genetic algorithm is based on the process of natural evolution (chromosome selection, crossover and mutation) as a hint. This is an algorithm proposed by Holland.
- this algorithm for example, the weighing value of each weighing machine obtained in 10,000 weighing cycles is recorded as sample data. Then, a solid (coefficient a i ) is randomly generated to evaluate the fitness of each individual. In other words, 10,000 optimal combinations are obtained using equation (9), and the average accuracy and operating rate of the 10,000 pieces are obtained. And it leaves so that possibility that it will be selected as a solid with good fitness becomes high becomes high. That is, when changing individual (coefficient a i), will leave the average accuracy and availability and well made towards individuals (coefficients a i).
- Genetic algorithms include MOGA (Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm) by Fonseca et al., NSGA-II (Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II) by Deb et al., SPEA2 (Strength Pareto Evolution Algorithm 2) by Zitzler et al.
- MOGA Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Algorithm
- NSGA-II Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II
- SPEA2 Strength Pareto Evolution Algorithm 2
- Zitzler et al Zitzler et al.
- NSGA-II is used, but is not limited to this genetic algorithm.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a main part of a combination weighing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the combination weighing device 100 includes a dispersion feeder DF, a plurality of radiation feeders RF, a plurality of pool hoppers PH, a plurality of weighing hoppers WH, and a collective chute CS.
- the dispersion feeder DF is disposed at the upper center of the apparatus.
- the plurality of radiation feeders RF are arranged radially around the dispersion feeder DF so as to surround the dispersion feeder DF.
- the plurality of pool hoppers PH are arranged in the lower stage of each radiation feeder RF.
- the plurality of weighing hoppers WH are arranged below the plurality of pool hoppers PH.
- the number of weighing hoppers WH and pool hoppers PH is the same.
- the collective chute CS is disposed below the plurality of weighing hoppers WH.
- Dispersion feeder DF disperses the article dropped on it in the circumferential direction by the vibration of electromagnetic feeder DV.
- the radiation feeder RF conveys the article conveyed from the dispersion feeder DF to the tip of the trough TR by the vibration of the electromagnetic feeder RV, and discharges the article to the lower pool hopper PH.
- the pool hopper PH temporarily stores articles discharged from the radiation feeder RF.
- the pool hopper PH opens and closes, the pool hopper PH opens and closes the gate g based on a command from the control unit CU, and discharges the articles stored in the pool hopper PH to the lower weigh hopper WH.
- a weight sensor WS is attached to the weighing hopper WH.
- the weight detected by the weight sensor WS is input to the control unit CU and used for the combination calculation. Since each hopper PH, WH has a known configuration, a gate opening / closing mechanism, a support mechanism for the hopper PH, WH, and the like are omitted here.
- the control unit CU includes a CPU 10 and a ROM 11, a RAM 12, and a hard disk 13 that are controlled by the CPU 10.
- the CPU 10, the ROM 11, the RAM 12, the hard disk 13, and the like are connected to each other via a bus line such as an address bus or a data bus.
- the control unit CU is connected via an interface 14 to the operation unit RU having a dispersion feeder DF, a radiation feeder RF, a pool hopper PH, a weighing hopper WH, and a touch panel function.
- the operation unit RU is connected to the computer C that executes the genetic algorithm, and the above-described weighting factor a i is updated.
- the CPU 10 reads and executes various programs stored in the ROM 11 to perform calculations of the equations (1) to (8), management of the stay count value, and gate opening / closing control for the pool hopper PH and the weighing hopper WH. Is called. Also, the hard disk 13 stores evaluation functions of equations (1) to (8).
- the weighting factor a i used is periodically updated by the computer C executing the genetic algorithm.
- the CPU 10 When the CPU 10 receives a discharge request signal from a packaging machine (not shown) or starts with its own cycle timer, the CPU 10 inputs the weight value from the weight sensor WS of each of the weighing machines M1 to Mn and stores it in the RAM 12. Subsequently, the calculations of equations (1) to (9) are executed based on the stored measurement values. At this time, if there is an allowance in the calculation time, the calculations of the formulas (1) to (9) are executed for all combinations. On the other hand, if the operation speed increases and the calculation time is not sufficient, a combination in which the combined total value falls within the allowable range is extracted first, and then, for each extracted combination, each of the formulas (1) to (1) The calculation of 9) is executed.
- the calculation of the expression (9) is executed by the linear sum of the remaining expressions excluding the expression (8) used in the number combination. If the number is a combination, the calculation of Expression (9) is executed with a linear sum including Expression (8).
- a discharge command is transmitted to the selected weighing machines M1 to Mn, and then the discharge command is sent to the corresponding pool hopper PH with a slight delay. Send. Then, the weighing hoppers WH of the weighing machines M1 to Mn that have received the discharge command open and close to discharge the articles, and then the pool hopper PH opens and closes to supply the articles to the empty weighing hopper WH. Subsequently, when the pool hopper PH becomes empty, a drive command is transmitted to the radiation feeder RF and the dispersion feeder DF, and a new article is supplied from the corresponding radiation feeder RF to the empty pool hopper PH. Thus, the combination weighing of one cycle is completed, and then the next weighing cycle is started by the next discharge request signal or the start signal from the cycle timer.
- the measured values of the weighing machines M1 to Mn in each cycle and the total weight of the optimum combination are recorded on the hard disk 13.
- the computer C periodically accesses the hard disk 13, takes in the recorded data, executes a genetic algorithm based on the data, and updates the weighting coefficient a i while calculating the average accuracy and the operating rate. To go.
- the operation unit RU displays, for example, a Pareto front as shown in FIG. 1 on the operation screen.
- a weighting factor a i giving the specified accuracy and operating rate is specified and stored in the RAM 12.
- the CPU 10 executes the above equations (1) to (9) based on the weighting coefficient a i stored in the RAM 12. Thereby, the accuracy and the operation rate can be changed to desired values.
- Each weighting factor a i varies depending on the type of goods to be weighed, the transport characteristics, operating conditions, etc., but when tested with snacks, the accuracy was set to 0.2%. It has been confirmed that the rate is improved by 3%.
- the computer C that executes the genetic algorithm is externally attached.
- the computer C is incorporated in the operation unit RU, and the weighting coefficient a i is updated while driving. You can also display the operating rate.
- the external computer C may be connected by either wired or wireless connection. Further, the external computer C may be a computer provided in a remote data center. Moreover, you may be comprised so that the function of the external computer C might be borne in a cloud.
- the execution of the genetic algorithm may be configured to be executed when the combination weighing device is not operating (for example, at night) in order to reduce the processing load.
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- Weight Measurement For Supplying Or Discharging Of Specified Amounts Of Material (AREA)
- Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
Abstract
Description
eW 、偏差の上限値をeu 、b1=-1/eu,b2=1としている。 One is to evaluate the influence of each combination on the accuracy and is defined by the following equation (1). The evaluation function of the equation (1) is a linear function that becomes 1 if the combined total value is equal to the target value, and that gradually decreases as the distance from the target value increases. However, the deviation from the target value is e W , the upper limit value of the deviation is e u , b 1 = −1 / e u , and b 2 = 1.
2. 選択計量機台数に関する評価関数
3. 寄与度に関する評価関数
4. 分散度に関する評価関数
以下、これらの評価関数について、順次説明する。 1. 1. Evaluation function for stay count 2. Evaluation function regarding the number of selected weighing machines 3. Evaluation function for contribution degree Evaluation functions regarding the degree of dispersion Hereinafter, these evaluation functions will be sequentially described.
組合せ計量装置は、各計量機の計量ホッパに物品を供給して計量し、得られた計量値を組合せて最適組合せを選択する。また、選択した各計量機の計量ホッパから物品を排出し、排出した計量ホッパには、再び物品を供給する。そうした一連のサイクルを繰り返す。各計量機は、それぞれカウンターを備えている。物品を排出しなかった場合は、カウンターのカウント値を1つアップし、物品を排出すると、カウンターのカウント値をゼロに戻す。カウンターのカウント値が高いと、その計量機には、何サイクルも物品が滞留していることになる。それを放置しておくと、許容範囲内に収まる組合せ数が少なくなり、計量精度が悪化する。また、物品を滞留した計量機が増えると、許容範囲内に収まる組合せ数が相対的に減り、組合せ不良が発生し易くなる。それは、精度と稼働率に影響する。そこで、そうしたカウント値の高い計量機から積極的に物品を排出させるために、下記(2)式の評価関数を定義する。ただし、1つの組合せに属する計量機の中でカウント値が最大のものをCMとし、滞留したカウント値の上限値をCLとしている。 1: Evaluation function regarding stay count The combination weighing device supplies articles to the weighing hopper of each weighing machine and weighs them, and selects the optimum combination by combining the obtained weighing values. Further, the article is discharged from the weighing hopper of each selected weighing machine, and the article is supplied again to the discharged weighing hopper. Repeat such a series of cycles. Each weighing machine has its own counter. When the article has not been discharged, the count value of the counter is increased by one, and when the article is discharged, the counter value of the counter is reset to zero. When the count value of the counter is high, articles are staying in the weighing machine for many cycles. If it is left as it is, the number of combinations that fall within the allowable range decreases and the measurement accuracy deteriorates. In addition, when the number of weighing machines that retain articles increases, the number of combinations that fall within the allowable range is relatively reduced, and a combination failure is likely to occur. It affects accuracy and availability. Therefore, in order to positively discharge articles from a weighing machine with a high count value, an evaluation function of the following equation (2) is defined. However, and one count value in the weighing machine belonging to combination the largest of the C M, the upper limit of the retention count value and C L.
組合せ計量装置は、複数の計量機を備える。各組合せにおいて、組合せ許容範囲内に収まる計量機台数が少ない程、次のサイクルで使用可能となる計量機台数が増える。それは、主に稼働率に影響する。そこで、計量機台数の少ない組合せ程、選択され易くするために、下記(3)式の評価関数を定義する。ただし、許容範囲内に収まる計量機台数をNSとし、全計量機台数をNLとしている。 2: Evaluation function regarding the number of selected weighing machines The combination weighing device includes a plurality of weighing machines. In each combination, the smaller the number of weighing machines that fall within the combination allowable range, the more weighing machines that can be used in the next cycle. It mainly affects the utilization rate. Therefore, in order to make it easier to select a combination with a smaller number of weighing machines, an evaluation function of the following equation (3) is defined. However, the weighing machine number that falls within the allowable range and N S, and the entire weighing machine number as the N L.
許容範囲内に収まる複数の組合せの中から最適組合せを選択する場合、次のサイクルにおいても、許容範囲内に収まる組合せを多く残しておく方が、稼働率が向上する。そこで、例えば、10台の計量機の計量値を組合せた結果、表1のように、許容範囲内に収まる組合せが6組見つかったとする。ここで、〇印は、許容範囲内に収まる計量機として選択されたものを表している。 3. Evaluation function regarding contribution When selecting an optimal combination from a plurality of combinations that fall within the allowable range, the operation rate is improved by leaving many combinations that fall within the allowable range even in the next cycle. Thus, for example, as a result of combining the measurement values of ten weighing machines, six combinations that fall within the allowable range are found as shown in Table 1. Here, the symbol “◯” represents a selected weighing machine that falls within the allowable range.
ところで、組合せ計量装置においては、各計量機の計量値がばらついている方が、許容範囲内に収まる組合せ数が多く発生することが判っている。そこで、選択されずに残された計量機の計量値のばらつき度合いが大きいものを積極的に残すために、残された各計量機の分散度を下記(6)式で定義する。ここで、残された計量機の台数をn、残された計量機の計量値をhi、各計量値hiの平均値をμとしている。 4: Evaluation function regarding degree of dispersion By the way, in the combination weighing device, it is known that the number of combinations that fall within the allowable range is more generated when the measurement values of each weighing machine vary. Therefore, in order to positively leave a weighing machine with a large degree of variation in the weighing values left unselected, the degree of dispersion of each remaining weighing machine is defined by the following equation (6). Here, the number of remaining weighing machines is n, the weighing value of the remaining weighing machines is h i , and the average value of each weighing value h i is μ.
このパレート最適解は、目的関数の何れかの値(例えば、精度)を改善しようとすると、
他の目的関数の値(稼働率)が改悪されてしまうような解のことである。 In general, a set of solutions that represent the limits of the trade-off relationship is called a “Pareto optimal solution”.
This Pareto optimal solution tries to improve any value (eg, accuracy) of the objective function.
It is a solution in which the value (operation rate) of another objective function is corrupted.
M1~Mn 計量機
RU 操作ユニット
C 遺伝的アルゴリズムを実行するコンピュータ 100 Combination Weighing Apparatus M1 to Mn Weighing Machine RU Operation Unit C Computer that executes genetic algorithm
Claims (3)
- 物品を計量する複数の計量機で得られた計量値を組合せて最適な計量機の組合せを選択する組合せ計量装置であって、各組合せについて、それぞれを選択したときの、精度に及ぼす影響と稼働率に及ぼす影響とをそれぞれ評価する複数の評価関数を用意し、各計量値を組合せるときは、各組合せについて、前記評価関数に基づく評価値を算出し、算出した各評価値の和が最大となる組合せを最適な組合せとして選択することを特徴とする組合せ
計量装置。 A combination weighing device that selects the optimum combination of weighing machines by combining weighing values obtained from multiple weighing machines that weigh items, and the effect on the accuracy and operation of each combination selected. Prepare multiple evaluation functions for evaluating the impact on the rate, and when combining each measurement value, calculate the evaluation value based on the evaluation function for each combination, and the sum of the calculated evaluation values is the maximum A combination weighing device characterized by selecting a combination to be an optimal combination. - 前記各評価関数には、それぞれの評価関数の関わり度を表す重み係数が含まれており、
それらの重み係数が、遺伝的アルゴリズムを実行するコンピュータによって決定されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の組合せ計量装置。 Each of the evaluation functions includes a weighting coefficient that represents the degree of involvement of each evaluation function,
2. The combination weighing device according to claim 1, wherein the weighting factors are determined by a computer executing a genetic algorithm. - 請求項1又は2に記載の組合せ計量装置に操作ユニットが備えられ、その操作ユニットから、精度を重視した運転を行うか、稼働率を重視した運転を行うかが任意に設定可能とされていることを特徴とする組合せ計量装置。 The combination weighing device according to claim 1 or 2 is provided with an operation unit, and from the operation unit, it is possible to arbitrarily set whether to perform an operation focusing on accuracy or an operation focusing on an operating rate. A combination weighing device characterized by that.
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DE201311003115 DE112013003115T5 (en) | 2012-06-21 | 2013-06-20 | Combination measuring device |
JP2014521499A JP6053782B2 (en) | 2012-06-21 | 2013-06-20 | Combination weighing device |
DKPA201570021A DK178699B1 (en) | 2012-06-21 | 2015-01-15 | Combination measuring device |
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Citations (3)
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JPH07128125A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-05-19 | Ishida Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for combination metering |
JP2000088634A (en) * | 1998-09-09 | 2000-03-31 | Ishida Co Ltd | Combinational weighing/counting system |
JP2011196712A (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2011-10-06 | Anritsu Sanki System Co Ltd | Combination weighing apparatus |
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JP2683651B2 (en) * | 1987-11-12 | 1997-12-03 | 株式会社イシダ | Supply control device for distributed feeder |
JP2645391B2 (en) * | 1987-12-26 | 1997-08-25 | カルビー株式会社 | Combination weighing device |
JP3402687B2 (en) * | 1993-08-24 | 2003-05-06 | 株式会社イシダ | Combination weighing or counting method and combination weighing or counting device |
JP3360895B2 (en) * | 1993-09-10 | 2003-01-07 | 株式会社イシダ | Combination weighing method and apparatus |
US7071426B2 (en) * | 2002-12-09 | 2006-07-04 | Ishida Co., Ltd. | Combination weighing device with multi-layered hoppers having controllable supply function |
JP4809623B2 (en) * | 2005-04-19 | 2011-11-09 | 大和製衡株式会社 | Combination weigher for mixed weighing |
JP2009047519A (en) * | 2007-08-17 | 2009-03-05 | Ishida Co Ltd | Weighing device |
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2013
- 2013-06-20 WO PCT/JP2013/066916 patent/WO2013191234A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-06-20 DE DE201311003115 patent/DE112013003115T5/en not_active Withdrawn
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Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH07128125A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-05-19 | Ishida Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for combination metering |
JP2000088634A (en) * | 1998-09-09 | 2000-03-31 | Ishida Co Ltd | Combinational weighing/counting system |
JP2011196712A (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2011-10-06 | Anritsu Sanki System Co Ltd | Combination weighing apparatus |
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JP6053782B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
DK178699B1 (en) | 2016-11-21 |
JPWO2013191234A1 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
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DK201570021A1 (en) | 2015-02-02 |
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