WO2013189314A1 - 一种通信接口的防护电路 - Google Patents
一种通信接口的防护电路 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013189314A1 WO2013189314A1 PCT/CN2013/078104 CN2013078104W WO2013189314A1 WO 2013189314 A1 WO2013189314 A1 WO 2013189314A1 CN 2013078104 W CN2013078104 W CN 2013078104W WO 2013189314 A1 WO2013189314 A1 WO 2013189314A1
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- Prior art keywords
- protection circuit
- suppression diode
- signal line
- transient suppression
- terminal
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage
- H02H3/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage of short duration, e.g. lightning
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/02—Details
- H04L12/10—Current supply arrangements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of electronic circuits, and in particular, to a protection circuit for a communication interface.
- RS-485 uses balanced transmission and differential reception. It has strong ability to suppress common mode interference, long transmission distance, can be used for multi-point interconnection, and has low cost. Therefore, it is widely used in various industries. Control the scene. Due to the harsh industrial environment, RS-485 ports generally have protective circuits to protect the equipment from lightning, surge, and static electricity.
- the protection circuit of the RS-485 port In the protection circuit of the RS-485 port, according to the actual application, most of the current-limiting devices plus Transient Voltage Suppressor (TVS) are used for simple anti-surge and anti-static treatment, and the protection ability is weak.
- the front two wires of the RS-485 port are connected to the ground through a gas discharge tube, and a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) resistor is connected in series on the two lines.
- PTC positive temperature coefficient
- the embodiment of the invention provides a protection circuit for the communication interface, so as to achieve comprehensive protection against lightning, anti-surge and anti-static of the RS-485 port of the device without affecting the transmission performance of the communication interface.
- the embodiment of the invention provides a protection circuit for a communication interface, comprising: a first-level protection circuit, a second-level protection circuit and a third-level protection circuit, which are sequentially connected, wherein:
- the first stage protection circuit includes a current bleeder circuit, and the current bleeder circuit includes a first a first terminal connected to the first signal line of the RS-485 port, and a second terminal connected to the second signal line of the RS-485 port
- the third connection terminal is connected to the ground, and the third connection terminal introduces a generated current to the ground when the RS-485 port is subjected to voltage intrusion;
- the second stage protection circuit includes a first current limiting resistor, a second current limiting resistor, and a bidirectional transient suppression diode, wherein the first current limiting resistor is connected to the first signal line;
- the second current limiting resistor is connected to the second signal line; the two ends of the two-way transient suppression diode are respectively connected to the first signal line connected to the first current limiting resistor and the second current limiting resistor is connected Second signal line;
- the third stage protection circuit includes a voltage bleeder circuit, wherein the voltage bleeder circuit is connected to the communication ground, and one end of the voltage bleeder circuit is connected to two signal lines of the RS-485 port, and One end is connected to the RS-485 transceiver; the voltage bleeder circuit is connected to the communication ground, and provides a voltage bleed path for the voltage between the second stage protection circuit and the RS-485 transceiver.
- the protection circuit of the communication interface further has the following features:
- the current bleeder circuit includes any one of the following:
- the first signal line and the second signal line of the RS-485 port protect the ground secondary gas discharge tube.
- the protection circuit of the communication interface further has the following features:
- the breakdown voltage of the three-pole gas discharge tube and the second-level gas discharge tube ranges from 30 to 150 volts.
- the protection circuit of the communication interface further has the following features:
- the breakdown voltage of the three-pole gas discharge tube and the secondary gas discharge tube are both 90 volts.
- the protection circuit of the communication interface further has the following features:
- the voltage bleeder circuit includes any one of the following:
- first two-terminal bidirectional transient suppression diode and a second two-terminal bidirectional transient suppression diode wherein one end of the first two-terminal bidirectional transient suppression diode is connected to the first signal line, and the other end is connected to the communication ground;
- One end of the second two-terminal bidirectional TVS diode is connected to the second signal line, and the other end is connected to the communication ground;
- a three-terminal dual unidirectional transient suppression diode and a two-terminal one-way transient suppression diode wherein the three a first non-common end of the two non-common ends of the end dual unidirectional transient suppression diode is connected to the first signal line, and a second non-common end is connected to the second signal line;
- One end of the state suppression diode is connected to the common terminal of the three-terminal dual unidirectional transient suppression diode, and the other end is connected to the communication ground.
- the protection circuit of the communication interface further has the following features: the two-terminal bidirectional state suppression diode, the three-terminal dual-unidirectional transient suppression diode, and the breakdown of the two-terminal one-way transient suppression diode
- the voltage range is 5 to 7 volts.
- the protection circuit of the communication interface further has the following features: the two-terminal bidirectional state suppression diode, the three-terminal dual-unidirectional transient suppression diode, and the breakdown of the two-terminal one-way transient suppression diode
- the voltage is 6.45 volts.
- the protection circuit of the communication interface further has the following features: the first current limiting resistor and the second current limiting resistor are ohmic power limiting resistors.
- the protection circuit of the communication interface further has the following features: the first current limiting resistor and the second current limiting resistor have a size ranging from 10 to 30 ohms.
- the protection circuit of the communication interface further has the following characteristics: the size of the first current limiting resistor and the second current limiting resistor are both 20 ohms.
- the protection circuit of the communication interface further has the following feature: the protection ground is electrically isolated from the communication ground.
- most of the energy entering the RS-485 port is discharged through the first-stage protection circuit; then the remaining residual voltage is reprocessed by the second-stage protection circuit to suppress the interference current and absorb the differential mode voltage.
- the second-stage protection circuit is completed; and the residual voltage and electrostatic interference of the above two processes are processed by the third-level protection circuit, so that the transmission on the signal line returns to normal.
- the transmission function of the state ie, the situation that is not invaded by the surge high voltage
- is transmitted to the transceiver so as to prevent lightning and wave waves on the RS-485 port of the device without affecting the transmission performance of the communication interface.
- BRIEF abstract 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a guard circuit of a communication interface according to an application example 1 of the present invention.
- 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a guard circuit of a communication interface according to an application example 2 of the present invention.
- a schematic structural diagram of a protection circuit for providing a communication interface in the embodiment of the present invention includes a first stage protection circuit, a second level protection circuit and a third level protection circuit connected in sequence, wherein:
- the first stage protection circuit includes a current bleeder circuit, and the current bleeder circuit includes a first connection end, a second connection end, and a third connection end, wherein the first connection end and the RS-485 port
- the first signal line is connected to the second signal line;
- the second connection end is connected to the second signal line of the RS-485 port;
- the third connection end is connected to the protection ground, and the third connection end is subjected to voltage intrusion at the RS-485 port When the current is generated to the ground;
- the second stage protection circuit includes a first current limiting resistor, a second current limiting resistor, and a bidirectional transient suppression diode, wherein the first current limiting resistor is connected to the first signal line;
- the second current limiting resistor is connected to the second signal line; the two ends of the two-way transient suppression diode are respectively connected to the first signal line connected to the first current limiting resistor and the second current limiting resistor is connected Second signal line;
- the third stage protection circuit includes a voltage bleeder circuit, wherein the voltage bleeder circuit is connected to the communication ground, and one end of the voltage bleeder circuit is connected to two signal lines of the RS-485 port, and One end is connected to the RS-485 transceiver; the voltage bleeder circuit is connected to the communication ground, and provides a voltage bleed path for the voltage between the second stage protection circuit and the RS-485 transceiver.
- the first protection circuit when the RS-485 inlet is invaded by lightning surge or other surge source, the first protection circuit provides a large current discharge path to the protection ground (GNDP), lightning strike, wave Most of the energy of the surge is discharged from the place to the protection ground.
- GNDP protection ground
- the voltage of the differential mode part will be
- the second-stage protection circuit absorbs; after being processed by the second-level protection circuit, interference due to static electricity, pre-stage residual voltage and induction affects the operation of the RS-485 transceiver, so it is necessary to pass the voltage from the third-stage protection circuit.
- the bleeder circuit performs common mode protection to eliminate the above interference and ensure the transmission performance of RS-485.
- the current limiting resistor in the above circuit is not a thermistor commonly used in the related art.
- the reason why the current limiting resistor is used in the above circuit is to limit the inrush current on the signal line.
- the short-circuit protection and residual voltage suppression of the RS-485 port are realized, and the thermistor response time in the related art is slow, and the above effect cannot be achieved.
- the voltage bleeder circuit in the third-stage protection circuit used in the above circuit is a connection communication place, which is different from the practice of connection protection in the related art, and the specific reasons are described below.
- the voltage bleeder circuit in the third-stage protection circuit is connected to the protection ground in the same manner as the current bleeder circuit in the first-stage protection circuit, when the lightning current is discharged, the voltage of the system protection ground will rise; once the protection ground The voltage rises, the TVS of the third-level protection circuit that is also connected to the protection ground is broken down, and the RS-485 transceiver is burned out; when the voltage bleeder circuit in the third-level protection circuit is connected to the communication ground, due to the communication The ground and the protection ground are electrically isolated, and there is no problem of back pressure on the protection ground, thus ensuring a safe working environment for the RS-485 transceiver.
- the current bleeder circuit includes any one of the following:
- Method 1 the first signal line of the RS-485 port and the third signal line of the second signal line pair protection ground;
- Method 2 The first signal line of the RS-485 port and the second signal line of the second signal line pair protection ground.
- the three-pole gas discharge tube and the two-stage gas discharge tube are high-power gas discharge tubes, and the breakdown voltage is relatively high, and the range is about 30 to 150 volts. In this embodiment, the breakdown voltage is 90V. Gas discharge tube.
- the voltage bleeder circuit includes any one of the following:
- the first two-terminal bidirectional transient suppression diode and the second two-terminal bidirectional transient suppression diode wherein one end of the first two-terminal bidirectional transient suppression diode is connected to the first signal line, and the other end is connected to the Communication ground; one end of the second two-terminal bidirectional TVS diode is connected to the second signal line, and the other end is connected to the communication ground;
- a two-terminal dual-unidirectional transient suppression diode and a two-terminal one-way transient suppression diode wherein the first non-common end of the two non-common ends of the three-terminal dual-unidirectional transient suppression diode is a first signal line is connected, a second non-common end is connected to the second signal line; one end of the two-terminal unidirectional transient suppression diode is connected to a common end of the three-terminal dual unidirectional transient suppression diode, and One end is connected to the communication place.
- the two-terminal bidirectional state suppression diode, the three-terminal dual unidirectional transient suppression diode, and the two-terminal unidirectional transient suppression diode have a breakdown voltage ranging from 5 to 7 volts.
- the two-terminal bidirectional state suppression diode, the three-terminal dual unidirectional transient suppression diode, and the two-terminal unidirectional transient suppression diode have a breakdown voltage of 6.45 volts.
- the first current limiting resistor and the second current limiting resistor are ohmic power limiting resistors, and the size ranges from 10 to 30 ohms. In the embodiment, the first current limiting resistor and the second current limiting resistor are The size is 20 ohms.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a protection circuit of a communication interface according to an application example 1 of the present invention.
- the three-pole gas discharge tube FV1 the current limiting resistor R1, the current limiting resistor R2, the bidirectional transient suppression diode VD1, the bidirectional transient suppression diode VD2, the bidirectional transient suppression diode VD3, RS-485 transceiver Dl.
- the RS-485 port RS485A and RS485B signal lines are connected to the protection ground GNDP through the three-pole gas discharge tube FV1, respectively, to form the first-stage protection circuit.
- the RS485A signal line is connected in series
- a current limiting resistor R1 and the RS485B signal line are also connected in series with a current limiting resistor R2.
- the two signal lines after the current limiting resistor are respectively connected to two ends of a bidirectional transient suppression diode VD1 to form a second level protection circuit.
- the second-level protection circuit is further connected in series with a third-level protection circuit, wherein the third-level protection circuit is included between the second-level protection circuit and the RS-485 transceiver D1, and the two signal lines are respectively connected to the communication ground (Voltage Series, VSS) Bidirectional TVS diodes VD2 and VD3, and VD2 and VD3 are close to the A and B pins of the RS-485 transceiver D1.
- VSS Voltage Series, VSS
- the working principle of the circuit of this example is described as follows:
- the three-pole gas discharge tube FV1 provides a large current discharge path to Protected ground GNDP, most of the energy from lightning strikes and surges is released from here to the earth.
- the residual voltage formed by the discharge tube after undischarge or discharge is absorbed by the following Rl, R2, VD1, and Rl and R2 act as current limiting, which can short-circuit protection and interference suppression of the RS-485 port.
- the circuit composed of the two-way transient suppression diodes VD2 and VD3 functions to protect the static electricity, the residual voltage of the front stage and the induced interference.
- Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the structure of a protection circuit of a communication interface according to an application example 2 of the present invention.
- the circuit application example shown in Fig. 2 works in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and only slightly changes in structure, and there are two main points in the main difference.
- the current limiting resistors R1 and R2 are close to the RS485A and RS485B of the RS-485 interface output terminal, and the RS485A and RS485B are connected to the protection ground GNDP through the diode discharge tubes FV2 and FV3, respectively.
- the three-stage bidirectional transient suppression voltage snubber circuit uses a three-terminal dual unidirectional transient suppression diode VD4 plus a two-terminal unidirectional transient suppression diode VD5, and one end of the two-terminal unidirectional transient suppression diode VD5 is connected at the three ends.
- the common terminal of the dual unidirectional transient suppression diode VD4 is connected to the communication ground VSS, and constitutes a bidirectional transient voltage bleeder circuit for the communication ground VSS of the A and B signal lines respectively.
- the line is 4KV
- the ground is ⁇ 6KV
- the system with poor grounding of the protection ground GNDP can also ensure the normal operation of RS-485.
- the RS-485 port of the device is comprehensively protected against lightning, anti-surge, and anti-static, without affecting the transmission performance of the communication interface.
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Abstract
一种通信接口的防护电路,包括:依次相连的第一级防护电路、第二级防护电路和第三级防护电路,其中,第一级防护电路包括电流泄放电路(FV1),电流泄放电路包括第一连接端(1)、第二连接端(3)和第三连接端(2),第一连接端与RS-485端口的第一信号线(RS485A)相连,第二连接端与RS-485端口的第二信号线(RS485B)相连,第三连接端接保护地(GNDP);第二级防护电路包括第一限流电阻(R1)、第二限流电阻(R2)和双向瞬态抑制二极管(VD1);第三级防护电路包括电压泄放电路(VD2,VD3)。该防护电路在不影响通信接口传输性能的前提下,对设备的RS-485端口进行防雷、放浪涌和防静电的综合防护。
Description
一种通信接口的防护电路
技术领域
本发明涉及电子电路领域, 尤其涉及一种通信接口的防护电路。
背景技术
RS-485作为传统的工业通信总线, 釆用平衡发送和差分接收, 具有抑制 共模干扰的能力强, 传输距离较远, 可用于多点互联, 成本低等优点, 因此 广泛应用于各种工业控制现场。 由于工业现场环境恶劣, RS-485端口一般都 要有防护电路, 以保障设备免受雷击、 浪涌、 静电的影响。
RS-485端口的防护电路中, 根据实际应用场合, 大部分釆用限流器件加 瞬态抑制二极管 ( Transient Voltage Suppressor, TVS )进行简单的防浪涌、 防静电级别处理, 防护能力较弱。 也有部分釆用 RS-485 端口入口处前级两 线分别通过一气体放电管接保护地, 并在两线上分别串接一个正温度系数 ( Positive Temperature Coefficient , PTC ) 电阻, 后级两线分别通过双向或 者单向的 TVS接保护地, 其后就是线间双向 TVS , 这种较强防护结构。
实际应用中, 由于现场保护地的接地环境的差异, 造成保护地与实际的 大地存在压差, 这种较强防护结构的电路就不一定能够对雷击、 浪涌等进行 有效的抑制,后级信号线对瞬态抑制二极管的击穿电压很低,一般只有几伏, 很容易出现保护地电压抬升击穿, 从而出现损坏 RS-485通信端口的情况。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种通信接口的防护电路, 以达到在不影响该通信接 口传输性能的前提下, 对设备的 RS-485 端口进行防雷、 防浪涌、 防静电等 综合防护的目的。
本发明实施例提供了一种通信接口的防护电路, 包括: 依次相连的一第 一级防护电路、 一第二级防护电路和一第三级防护电路, 其中:
所述第一级防护电路包括一电流泄放电路, 所述电流泄放电路包括第一
连接端、 第二连接端和第三连接端, 其中, 所述第一连接端与 RS-485 端口 的第一信号线相连; 所述第二连接端与 RS-485 端口的第二信号线相连; 所 述第三连接端接保护地, 所述第三连接端在所述 RS-485 端口受到电压入侵 时, 将产生的电流引入到地面;
所述第二级防护电路包括一第一限流电阻、 一第二限流电阻和一双向瞬 态抑制二极管, 其中, 所述第一限流电阻与所述第一信号线相连; 所述第二 限流电阻与所述第二信号线相连; 所述双向瞬态抑制二极管的两端分别连接 所述第一限流电阻相连后的第一信号线和所述第二限流电阻相连后的第二信 号线; 以及
所述第三级防护电路包括一电压泄放电路, 其中, 所述电压泄放电路接 通信地, 且所述电压泄放电路的一端与所述 RS-485端口的两条信号线相连, 另一端与 RS-485 的收发器相连; 所述电压泄放电路连接通信地, 并为所述 第二级防护电路和所述 RS-485的收发器之间的电压提供电压泄放通路。
可选地, 所述通信接口的防护电路还具有如下特点: 所述电流泄放电路 包括如下任一种:
RS-485端口的第一信号线和第二信号线对保护地的三极气体放电管;
RS-485端口的第一信号线和第二信号线对保护地的二级气体放电管。 可选地, 所述通信接口的防护电路还具有如下特点: 所述三极气体放电 管和所述二级气体放电管的击穿电压的范围均为 30 150伏。
可选地, 所述通信接口的防护电路还具有如下特点: 所述三极气体放电 管和所述二级气体放电管的击穿电压均为 90伏。
可选地, 所述通信接口的防护电路还具有如下特点: 所述电压泄放电路 包括如下任一种:
第一二端双向瞬态抑制二极管和第二二端双向瞬态抑制二极管, 其中, 第一二端双向瞬态抑制二极管的一端与所述第一信号线相连, 另一端连接所 述通信地; 第二二端双向瞬态抑制二极管的一端与所述第二信号线相连, 另 一端连接所述通信地;
三端双单向瞬态抑制二极管和二端单向瞬态抑制二极管, 其中, 所述三
端双单向瞬态抑制二极管的两个非公共端中第一非公共端与所述第一信号线 相连, 第二非公共端与所述第二信号线相连; 所述二端单向瞬态抑制二极管 的一端连接在所述三端双单向瞬态抑制二极管的公共端, 另一端连接所述通 信地。
可选地, 所述通信接口的防护电路还具有如下特点: 所述二端双向态抑 制二极管、 所述三端双单向瞬态抑制二极管以及所述二端单向瞬态抑制二极 管的击穿电压的范围均为 5〜7伏。
可选地, 所述通信接口的防护电路还具有如下特点: 所述二端双向态抑 制二极管、 所述三端双单向瞬态抑制二极管以及所述二端单向瞬态抑制二极 管的击穿电压均为 6.45伏。
可选地, 所述通信接口的防护电路还具有如下特点: 所述第一限流电阻 和所述第二限流电阻为欧姆级功率限流电阻。
可选地, 所述通信接口的防护电路还具有如下特点: 所述第一限流电阻 和所述第二限流电阻的大小范围均为 10~30欧姆。
可选地, 所述通信接口的防护电路还具有如下特点: 所述第一限流电阻 和所述第二限流电阻的大小均为 20欧姆。
可选地, 所述通信接口的防护电路还具有如下特点: 所述保护地与所述 通信地是电气隔离的。
本发明实施例中, 通过第一级防护电路对进入 RS-485 端口的大部分能 量进行泄放; 然后由第二级防护电路对剩余的残压进行再处理, 抑制干扰电 流和吸收差模电压, 通过两级处理将可能存在的大部分干扰去除, 完成了主 要防护功能; 再通过第三级防护电路对上述两次处理剩余残压以及静电干扰 进行处理, 使得信号线上的传输恢复到正常状态 (即未受到浪涌高电压入侵 的情况) 的传输功能, 再传输给收发器, 从而达到在不影响该通信接口传输 性能的前提下, 对设备的 RS-485 端口进行防雷、 防浪涌、 防静电等综合防 护的目的。 附图概述
图 1为根据本发明应用实例 1的通信接口的防护电路的的结构示意图。 图 2为根据本发明应用实例 2的通信接口的防护电路的的结构示意图。
本发明的较佳实施方式
下面将结合附图及具体实施例对本发明技术方案作进一步的详细描述。 需要说明的是, 在不冲突的情况下, 本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可 以相互任意组合。
本发明实施例中提供通信接口的防护电路的结构示意图。 所述防护电路 包括依次相连的一第一级防护电路、一第二级防护电路和一第三级防护电路, 其中:
所述第一级防护电路包括一电流泄放电路, 所述电流泄放电路包括第一 连接端、 第二连接端和第三连接端, 其中, 所述第一连接端与 RS-485 端口 的第一信号线相连; 所述第二连接端与 RS-485 端口的第二信号线相连; 所 述第三连接端接保护地, 所述第三连接端在所述 RS-485 端口受到电压入侵 时, 将产生的电流引入到地面;
所述第二级防护电路包括一第一限流电阻、 一第二限流电阻和一双向瞬 态抑制二极管, 其中, 所述第一限流电阻与所述第一信号线相连; 所述第二 限流电阻与所述第二信号线相连; 所述双向瞬态抑制二极管的两端分别连接 所述第一限流电阻相连后的第一信号线和所述第二限流电阻相连后的第二信 号线; 以及
所述第三级防护电路包括一电压泄放电路, 其中, 所述电压泄放电路接 通信地, 且所述电压泄放电路的一端与所述 RS-485端口的两条信号线相连, 另一端与 RS-485 的收发器相连; 所述电压泄放电路连接通信地, 并为所述 第二级防护电路和所述 RS-485的收发器之间的电压提供电压泄放通路。
对于上述电路, 在 RS-485 入口处受到雷击感应或者其它干扰源产生的 浪涌高电压入侵时, 第一级防护电路提供大电流泄放通路到保护地 ( Protection Ground, GNDP ) , 雷击、 浪涌的大部分能量从这里泄放到保护 地, 对于第一级防护电路未放电或放电后形成的残压, 差模部分的电压会被
第二级防护电路吸收; 在被第二级防护电路处理后, 因静电、 前级残压及感 应会产生干扰, 影响 RS-485 收发器的工作, 因此就需要由第三级防护电路 通过电压泄放电路进行共模保护, 消除上述干扰, 保障 RS-485的传输性能。
由此可以看出, 通过第一级防护电路对进入 RS-485 端口的大部分能量 进行泄放; 然后由第二级防护电路对剩余的残压进行再处理, 抑制干扰电流 和吸收差模电压, 通过两级处理将可能存在的大部分干扰去除, 完成了主要 防护功能; 再通过第三级防护电路对上述两次处理剩余残压以及静电干扰进 行处理, 使得信号线上的传输恢复到正常状态 (即未受到浪涌高电压入侵的 情况) 的传输功能, 再传输给收发器, 从而达到在不影响该通信接口传输性 能的前提下, 对设备的 RS-485 端口进行防雷、 防浪涌、 防静电等综合防护 的目的。
需要说明的是, 上述电路中的限流电阻并不是相关技术中通常会使用的 热敏电阻, 之所以在上述电路中使用限流电阻, 目的是对信号线上的浪涌电 流进行限流, 实现对 RS-485 端口的短路保护和残压抑制, 而相关技术中的 热敏电阻响应时间慢, 无法达到上述效果。
另外, 上述电路中所使用的第三级防护电路中的电压泄放电路是连接通 讯地, 与相关技术中的连接保护地的做法不同, 具体原因描述如下。
如果第三级防护电路中的电压泄放电路与第一级防护电路中的电流泄放 电路同样都连接保护地, 当进行雷击电流泄放时, 会造成系统保护地的电压 抬升; 一旦保护地的电压升高, 同样连接保护地的第三级防护电路的 TVS会 被击穿, 烧坏 RS-485 收发器; 而将第三级防护电路中的电压泄放电路连接 通讯地时, 由于通讯地与保护地是电气隔离的, 不存在保护地反压的问题, 从而保证了 RS-485收发器有安全的工作环境。
其中, 所述电流泄放电路包括如下任一种:
方式一、 RS-485端口的第一信号线和第二信号线对保护地的三极气体放 电管;
方式二、 RS-485端口的第一信号线和第二信号线对保护地的二级气体放 电管。
其中,所述三极气体放电管和所述二级气体放电管是大功率气体放电管, 击穿电压较高, 大概范围是 30~150伏, 本实施例中釆用击穿电压为 90V的 气体放电管。
其中, 所述电压泄放电路包括如下任一种:
方式一、第一二端双向瞬态抑制二极管和第二二端双向瞬态抑制二极管, 其中, 第一二端双向瞬态抑制二极管的一端与所述第一信号线相连, 另一端 连接所述通信地; 第二二端双向瞬态抑制二极管的一端与所述第二信号线相 连, 另一端连接所述通信地;
方式二、三端双单向瞬态抑制二极管和二端单向瞬态抑制二极管,其中, 所述三端双单向瞬态抑制二极管的两个非公共端中第一非公共端与所述第一 信号线相连, 第二非公共端与所述第二信号线相连; 所述二端单向瞬态抑制 二极管的一端连接在所述三端双单向瞬态抑制二极管的公共端, 另一端连接 所述通信地。
所述二端双向态抑制二极管、 所述三端双单向瞬态抑制二极管以及所述 二端单向瞬态抑制二极管的击穿电压的范围均为 5~7伏。 可选的, 所述二端 双向态抑制二极管、 所述三端双单向瞬态抑制二极管以及所述二端单向瞬态 抑制二极管的击穿电压均为 6.45伏。
其中, 所述第一限流电阻和第二限流电阻为欧姆级功率限流电阻, 大小 范围均为 10~30欧姆, 本实施例中所述第一限流电阻和第二限流电阻的大小 均为 20欧姆。
下面结合附图对本发明实施例提供的电路作进一步说明。
应用实施例 1
图 1为根据本发明应用实例 1的通信接口的防护电路的结构示意图。 在 图 1所示的电路应用实例中, 包括三极气体放电管 FV1、 限流电阻 Rl、 限流 电阻 R2、 双向瞬态抑制二极管 VD1、 双向瞬态抑制二极管 VD2、 双向瞬态 抑制二极管 VD3、 RS-485收发器 Dl。
RS-485端口 RS485A和 RS485B信号线的入口处分别通过三极气体放电 管 FV1接到保护地 GNDP, 构成第一级防护电路。 所述 RS485A信号线串联
有一限流电阻 Rl、 所述 RS485B信号线也串联有一限流电阻 R2, 限流电阻 之后的两信号线分别连接一双向瞬态抑制二极管 VD1的两端,构成第二级防 护电路。 第二级防护电路再串联一第三级防护电路, 其中第三级防护电路包 括在第二级防护电路与 RS-485收发器 D1之间 A、 B两信号线分别对通信地 ( Voltage Series , VSS )的双向瞬态抑制二极管 VD2和 VD3 ,且 VD2和 VD3 靠近 RS-485收发器 D1的 A、 B引脚一端。
本实例电路的工作原理描述如下: 当 RS-485入口处(RS485A、 RS485B ) 受到雷击感应或者其它干扰源产生的浪涌高电压入侵时, 三极气体放电管 FV1提供大电流泄放通路流到保护地 GNDP, 雷击、 浪涌的大部分能量从这 里泄放到大地。 同时放电管在未放电或放电后形成的残压通过后面的 Rl、 R2、 VD1进行吸收, Rl、 R2起到限流作用, 可对 RS-485端口进行短路保护 和干扰抑制。 所述双向瞬态抑制二极管 VD2和 VD3构成的电路起到了对静 电、 前级残压及感应的干扰进行共模保护的作用。
应用实施例 2
图 2为根据本发明应用实例 2的通信接口的防护电路的结构示意图。 图
2所示的电路应用实例的工作原理同实施例 1 ,仅在结构上略有变动,主要区 别有两点。 首先, RS-485端口处, 限流电阻 Rl、 R2靠近 RS-485接口输出 端的 RS485A和 RS485B, RS485A和 RS485B分别通过二极放电管 FV2和 FV3接保护地 GNDP, 另夕卜, 本实施例第三级的双向瞬态抑制电压泄放电路 釆用三端双单向瞬态抑制二极管 VD4加一个二端单向瞬态抑制二极管 VD5, 二端单向瞬态抑制二极管 VD5 的一端连接在三端双单向瞬态抑制二极管 VD4的公共端, 另一端连接到通信地 VSS, 组成 A、 B两信号线分别对通信 地 VSS的双向瞬态电压泄放电路。 线为士 4KV, 线地 ± 6KV, 在那些保护地 GNDP接地不太良好的系统也能保 证 RS-485的正常工作。
以上所述, 仅为本发明的具体实施方式, 但本发明的保护范围并不局限 于此, 任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内, 可轻易
想到变化或替换, 都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。 因此, 本发明的保护 范围应以权利要求所述的保护范围为准。
工业实用性
本发明实施例中, 达到在不影响该通信接口传输性能的前提下, 对设备 的 RS-485端口进行防雷、 防浪涌、 防静电等综合防护的目的。
Claims
1、 一种通信接口的防护电路, 包括: 依次相连的一第一级防护电路、 一 第二级防护电路和一第三级防护电路, 其中: 所述第一级防护电路包括一电流泄放电路, 所述电流泄放电路包括第一 连接端、 第二连接端和第三连接端, 其中, 所述第一连接端与 RS-485 端口 的第一信号线相连; 所述第二连接端与 RS-485 端口的第二信号线相连; 所 述第三连接端接保护地, 所述第三连接端在所述 RS-485 端口受到电压入侵 时, 将产生的电流引入到地面;
所述第二级防护电路包括一第一限流电阻、 一第二限流电阻和一双向瞬 态抑制二极管, 其中, 所述第一限流电阻与所述第一信号线相连; 所述第二 限流电阻与所述第二信号线相连; 所述双向瞬态抑制二极管的两端分别连接 所述第一限流电阻相连后的第一信号线和所述第二限流电阻相连后的第二信 号线; 以及
所述第三级防护电路包括一电压泄放电路, 其中, 所述电压泄放电路接 通信地, 且所述电压泄放电路的一端与所述 RS-485端口的两条信号线相连, 另一端与 RS-485 的收发器相连; 所述电压泄放电路连接通信地, 并为所述 第二级防护电路和所述 RS-485的收发器之间的电压提供电压泄放通路。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的通信接口的防护电路, 其中, 所述电流泄放电 路包括如下任一种:
RS-485端口的第一信号线和第二信号线对保护地的三极气体放电管;
RS-485端口的第一信号线和第二信号线对保护地的二级气体放电管。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的通信接口的防护电路, 其中, 所述三极气体放 电管和所述二级气体放电管的击穿电压的范围均为 30~150伏。
4、根据权利要求 3所述的通信接口的防护电路, 其中, 所述三极气体放 电管和所述二级气体放电管的击穿电压均为 90伏。
5、根据权利要求 1所述的通信接口的防护电路, 其中, 所述电压泄放电 路包括如下任一种:
第一二端双向瞬态抑制二极管和第二二端双向瞬态抑制二极管, 其中,
第一二端双向瞬态抑制二极管的一端与所述第一信号线相连, 另一端连接所 述通信地; 第二二端双向瞬态抑制二极管的一端与所述第二信号线相连, 另 一端连接所述通信地;
三端双单向瞬态抑制二极管和二端单向瞬态抑制二极管, 其中, 所述三 端双单向瞬态抑制二极管的两个非公共端中第一非公共端与所述第一信号线 相连, 第二非公共端与所述第二信号线相连; 所述二端单向瞬态抑制二极管 的一端连接在所述三端双单向瞬态抑制二极管的公共端, 另一端连接所述通 信地。
6、根据权利要求 5所述的通信接口的防护电路, 其中, 所述二端双向态 抑制二极管、 所述三端双单向瞬态抑制二极管以及所述二端单向瞬态抑制二 极管的击穿电压的范围均为 5〜7伏。
7、根据权利要求 6所述的通信接口的防护电路, 其中, 所述二端双向态 抑制二极管、 所述三端双单向瞬态抑制二极管以及所述二端单向瞬态抑制二 极管的击穿电压均为 6.45伏。
8、根据权利要求 1所述的通信接口的防护电路, 其中, 所述第一限流电 阻和所述第二限流电阻为欧姆级功率限流电阻。
9、根据权利要求 8所述的通信接口的防护电路, 其中, 所述第一限流电 阻和所述第二限流电阻的大小范围均为 10~30欧姆。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的通信接口的防护电路, 其中, 所述第一限流 电阻和所述第二限流电阻的大小均为 20欧姆。
11、 根据权利要求 1所述的通信接口的防护电路, 其中, 所述保护地与 所述通信地是电气隔离的。
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EP2854249A4 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
US20150326006A1 (en) | 2015-11-12 |
EP2854249B1 (en) | 2016-12-28 |
CN103515942B (zh) | 2017-12-22 |
EP2854249A1 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
US9496705B2 (en) | 2016-11-15 |
CN103515942A (zh) | 2014-01-15 |
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