WO2013187201A1 - ワイヤ放電加工時における加工部材溶着方法 - Google Patents
ワイヤ放電加工時における加工部材溶着方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013187201A1 WO2013187201A1 PCT/JP2013/064272 JP2013064272W WO2013187201A1 WO 2013187201 A1 WO2013187201 A1 WO 2013187201A1 JP 2013064272 W JP2013064272 W JP 2013064272W WO 2013187201 A1 WO2013187201 A1 WO 2013187201A1
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- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- machining
- welding
- wire electrode
- electric discharge
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 337
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 238000009763 wire-cut EDM Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009760 electrical discharge machining Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/02—Wire-cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/02—Wire-cutting
- B23H7/04—Apparatus for supplying current to working gap; Electric circuits specially adapted therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/02—Wire-cutting
- B23H7/06—Control of the travel curve of the relative movement between electrode and workpiece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted for a procedure covered by only one of the other main groups of this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for welding a working member during wire electric discharge machining, in which a machining member separated from a workpiece by electric discharge machining of the workpiece is temporarily held on the workpiece by welding.
- a wire electric discharge machine is often used for cutting a die member, and when a workpiece is electric discharge machined by a wire electric discharge machine, a start hole is usually provided on the side of the workpiece called a core.
- Die plate machining may be performed.
- the wire electrical discharge machining of a workpiece is performed through machining processes such as rough machining, intermediate finishing machining, finishing machining, and final finishing machining. To complete.
- first machining immediately before the end of fast machining (hereinafter referred to as first machining) corresponding to the rough machining process, the machining member is not dropped between the machining member and the workpiece. The raw part is left without performing.
- the machining member When the electric discharge machining of the unmachined portion is further advanced from this state, the machining member is separated from the workpiece, and the machining member falls due to its own weight or external impact. If the wire electrical discharge machine is operated with such a processed member falling, it may cause some damage to the wire electrical discharge machine itself, the workpiece, or the processed member. There is a need to avoid. Therefore, in die plate machining, the electric discharge machining of the workpiece is temporarily reserved without completely cutting the workpiece from the workpiece, and the worker removes the workpiece from the workpiece later by the operator. Generally, roughing is finished.
- the immersion wire electric discharge machine developed by the applicant of the present application prevents the short-circuit between the cut-out piece and the wire electrode by supporting the cut-out piece generated by cutting the workpiece with a buoyant body.
- a buoyancy body having a specific gravity smaller than the specific gravity of the machining fluid is arranged on the lower surface of the workpiece, and the workpiece is wired by the buoyancy generated in the buoyancy body by the machining fluid.
- the cut piece generated when cut out by the electrode is supported so as not to settle in the machining liquid (for example, see Patent Document 2).
- the present applicant qualitatively starts a corona discharge when a long gap discharge phenomenon causes a dielectric breakdown in which a metal electrode is arranged in an insulator (gas).
- the workpiece and the workpiece are welded to a part of the machining shape in the welding cycle.
- This is a phenomenon in which only a part of the upper part of the work piece is welded.
- a predetermined location is welded. If the workpiece processed by EDM from the workpiece is not welded and falls, or if the workpiece is thick and the workpiece is heavy, the strength of the welded part cannot support the weight of the workpiece. There was a problem that the processed member dropped.
- the workpiece is placed on the workpiece in any position in the thickness direction of the workpiece, for example, the lower part or the middle part in the thickness direction, Alternatively, there has been a problem that the workpiece cannot be welded to the workpiece in a plurality of locations in the thickness direction of the workpiece or in the region of the workpiece positioned below the plurality of stacked sheets.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and in the machining member welding method according to the prior invention of the present applicant, it is separated from the workpiece by electrical discharge machining on and near the upper surface of the workpiece.
- the welding phenomenon of the workpiece to the workpiece occurs because of the upper surface of the workpiece on the entry side of the wire electrode and the workpiece. Focusing on the proximity of the workpiece, a roughened surface is formed in advance on the workpiece, and a predetermined length or thickness is determined in a predetermined region in the thickness direction of the workpiece along the processed surface.
- the workpiece is welded to the workpiece at a plurality of locations in the direction to form a welded portion, and the workpiece is temporarily held on the workpiece at the welded portion.
- the work piece located at the workpiece is securely welded to the workpiece, Workpiece welding method during wire electrical discharge machining, characterized by preventing from falling from a workpiece is to provide.
- the present invention provides an electric discharge machine that discharges a workpiece and separates a workpiece from the workpiece by discharge energy generated by applying an interelectrode voltage between a wire electrode and the workpiece facing the wire electrode.
- the electrical machining condition applied between the wire electrode and the workpiece at a predetermined location of the workpiece is changed from a machining cycle to a welding cycle to melt a part of the wire electrode.
- the workpiece is welded to the workpiece at a welding portion and the workpiece is held on the workpiece.
- the welding portion is formed over a predetermined length in a predetermined region along the processing surface in the thickness direction of the workpiece, and the workpiece is held on the workpiece by the welding portion.
- vertical as a technical term used for the wire electrode and the workpiece is 90 ° (right angle) perpendicular to the upper and lower surfaces of the plate-like workpiece and 90 °.
- tilt which is intended to include near vertical, near vertical and substantially vertical, is used for wire electrodes and workpieces. It is intended to be substantially inclined with respect to the lower surface.
- the workpiece surface obtained by roughing the workpiece has the wire electrode inclined or inclined with respect to the upper and lower surfaces of the workpiece.
- An inclined machined surface roughened In the welding process along the inclined machining surface, the wire electrode is changed from the inclined machining surface to a substantially vertical state with respect to the upper and lower surfaces of the workpiece, and the inclination is performed from the lower part to the upper part of the inclined machining surface.
- the welding portion is formed along a processing surface, and the weld portion is formed over a predetermined length in a predetermined region along the inclined processing surface on the entry side of the wire electrode.
- the welding portion for welding the workpiece and the workpiece has a predetermined length at a predetermined predetermined position in the thickness direction of the workpiece from the lower side to the upper side of the inclined processing surface. Is formed.
- the inclined machining surface machined by electrical discharge on the workpiece is formed by performing electrical discharge machining with the wire electrode in an inclined state with the upper head preceding the lower head along the machining shape formed on the workpiece. Is formed. Further, the inclined machining surfaces processed by electric discharge machining on the workpiece are formed on the workpiece so as to intersect each other, an unmachined portion at the center of the workpiece is formed in a convex shape, and the welded portion is formed in a convex shape. Are formed on the unprocessed portion.
- the workpiece surface roughened on the workpiece has the wire electrode substantially perpendicular to the upper and lower surfaces of the workpiece.
- the wire electrode is inclined with respect to the upper and lower surfaces of the workpiece from the lower part of the vertical machining surface.
- the welded portion is formed along the vertical processing surface upward, and the weld portion is formed over a predetermined length in a predetermined region along the vertical processing surface on the entry side of the wire electrode.
- the wire head is moved backward with respect to the lower head along a machining locus formed on the workpiece by feeding the upper head that feeds the wire electrode.
- the electrode can be inclined.
- an inclination angle of the wire electrode with respect to the upper and lower surfaces of the workpiece is increased in accordance with progress of the welding process.
- the welded portion is formed along the vertical processing surface while changing the inclination angle of the wire electrode by advancing the lower head relative to the upper head that feeds the electrode.
- the welded portion formed on the machined surface is one or a plurality of locations along the longitudinal direction of the machined surface of the workpiece roughly processed.
- a plurality of the workpieces are stacked in the thickness direction and subjected to electric discharge machining, and the welded portion welds at least the workpiece located at the lowest position and the machining member, and the workpiece is processed by the welded portion.
- a member is held by the workpiece.
- the workpiece electrode on the entry side of the workpiece is substantially at the discharge portion of the machining shape to be subjected to electric discharge machining of the workpiece.
- the inclined machining surface or the substantially vertical machining surface becomes the temporary upper surface machining surface, which is the wire electrode entry side, and has a predetermined length in the thickness direction of the workpiece. Can be formed in one or more locations, even when EDM is performed on heavy workpieces or when EDM is performed by stacking multiple workpieces, the thickness of the workpiece is determined in advance accordingly.
- a workpiece can be welded to the workpiece at a predetermined length in a region or at a plurality of locations to form a welded portion, and the workpiece can be temporarily held on the workpiece during wire electric discharge machining. That is, if a workpiece is formed with a rough surface or a vertical surface, which is a temporary upper surface, in a discharge portion of a machining shape in advance, and the welding process is performed by inclining the wire electrode relative to the temporary upper surface, A welding portion for welding the workpiece to the workpiece is formed along a temporary upper surface of the workpiece on the entry side of the wire electrode.
- the wire electrode can be tilted, and if the workpiece is subjected to rough machining by electric discharge machining with the tilted wire electrode, rough machining on the workpiece is not performed.
- An inclined machining surface is formed in the inclined direction, and then the upper head is retracted to the position of the lower head, so that the wire electrode is changed to a substantially vertical state with respect to the upper and lower surfaces of the workpiece. If the welding state is inclined with respect to the inclined processing surface and a welding cycle is performed, a predetermined length is formed at a predetermined location, and in some cases, a welded portion is formed along the inclined processing surface at a plurality of locations.
- the workpiece is welded to the workpiece and temporarily held.
- the upper electrode is positioned perpendicularly to the lower head so that the wire electrode is in a substantially vertical state, and the workpiece is subjected to rough machining by electric discharge machining with the wire electrode in the vertical state, roughing on the workpiece is performed.
- the machining is formed as a vertical machining surface in the vertical direction, which is the thickness direction, and then the upper head is moved backward with respect to the lower head to incline the wire electrode and change the wire electrode to an inclined state with respect to the vertical machining surface.
- the thickness of the welded part extends vertically from the lower part of the vertical machining surface along the vertical machining surface.
- a predetermined length or a predetermined length in the direction is formed at a predetermined location or a plurality of locations, and the workpiece is welded to the workpiece at the welding portion and temporarily held.
- welds that hold the workpiece in the thickness direction of the workpiece are formed at multiple locations, and the workpiece is added to the workpiece. It can be held properly at multiple locations.
- FIG. 1 It is explanatory drawing which shows the wire electric discharge machine which can achieve the processing member welding method at the time of the wire electric discharge machining by this invention.
- FIG. 2 is a waveform diagram showing a voltage waveform on the upper side and a current waveform on the lower side by ON / OFF control of the switch S1 and the switch S2, and (A) is normal processing by the basic circuit of FIG. The voltage / current waveform of the machining cycle is shown, and (B) shows the voltage / current waveform of the welding cycle for welding the workpiece and the workpiece by the basic circuit of FIG.
- 4 is a waveform diagram showing a voltage waveform on the upper side and a current waveform on the lower side by ON / OFF control of the switches S1, S2 and S3 in the electric circuit of FIG. A voltage / current waveform of a machining cycle that is machining is shown, and (B) shows a voltage / current waveform of a welding cycle in which a workpiece and a workpiece are welded by the electric circuit of FIG.
- FIG. 1 shows a state where the workpiece is machined from the start hole into a square machining shape and the workpiece is welded at two locations.
- (B) is an exaggerated enlarged perspective view in which the machining locus of the electric discharge machining of the workpiece in (A) is indicated by a dotted line. It is a graph which shows the result of the static load which destroys the welding part of a workpiece and a processed member in the processed member welding method at the time of wire electric discharge machining by this invention. It is a top view explaining the outline of the processing member welding method at the time of the wire electric discharge machining by this invention.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the workpiece is roughly machined by setting the wire electrode to be substantially perpendicular to the upper and lower surfaces of the workpiece in the wire member welding method during wire electric discharge machining. It is a top view which shows the state which expanded the code
- An inclined machining surface intersecting the workpiece is formed with the wire electrode in an inclined state, and then the wire electrode is changed to a substantially vertical state, and a welding cycle is performed on an unprocessed convex region of the workpiece, so that the center of the workpiece is
- a vertical machining surface is formed on the work piece with the wire electrode substantially vertical, and then a welding cycle is performed from the lower part of the work piece with the wire electrode inclined, so that the work electrode is substantially perpendicular to the upper and lower surfaces of the work piece.
- FIG. 1 A cross section showing a state in which a welding cycle is performed along a predetermined region of a substantially vertical machining surface of a workpiece with the wire electrode inclined, and welding portions are formed at a plurality of locations in the lower and central portions of the workpiece.
- This wire electric discharge machine for achieving the workpiece welding method at the time of the wire electric discharge machining by this invention is demonstrated.
- This wire electric discharge machine generally has a source bobbin 7 attached to the machine body 15 and winding up the wire electrode 5, and a plurality of direction changes for changing the direction of the wire electrode 5 in the wire feed system fed from the source bobbin 7.
- a roller 32 and the like are provided.
- the wire electrode 5 passes through the direction changing roller 8 and the guide roller 32 in the wire supply system, and is supported by a wire supply roller 10 and a wire electrode feed unit 24 which are a pair of annealing rollers provided in the main body head 1. After passing through the pipe 13 and the pair of common rollers 11, the wire electrode 5 is sandwiched between the pair of wire supply rollers 10 and the pair of common rollers 11, and the power supply 18 (see FIG. 4), a current from the machining power source is supplied to the wire supply roller 10, the wire electrode 5, and the common roller 11, and the wire electrode 5 between the wire supply roller 10 and the common roller 11 is annealed to cause bending or the like.
- the unannealed tip of the wire electrode 5 is cut by the cutter 14 and removed, and the wire electrode 5 is straightened.
- the annealed wire electrode 5 is guided by the supply pipe 13 according to the lowering of the supply pipe 13 supported by the supply pipe holder which is the wire electrode feeding unit 24 according to the delivery of the wire supply roller 10 and reaches the upper head 2.
- the workpiece 6 to be subjected to electric discharge machining is fixed by a clamp 25 to a work table 23 provided in a machining tank or the like (FIG. 9).
- the tip of the wire electrode 5 is cut when the tip of the wire electrode 5 is made good, when the wire electrode 5 is disconnected, during annealing, or the like.
- a cutter 14 is provided, and a waste wire clamp (not shown) for discarding the wire electrode 5 cut by the cutter 14 is provided.
- the cutter 14 is configured to cut the wire electrode 5 by operating the cutter unit.
- the wire supply roller 10 is switched to high speed rotation.
- the wire electrode 5 fed out from the lower head 4 is installed from the direction changing roller provided in the lower arm 3 to the wire guide pipe 37, the water separation portion provided at the outlet of the wire guide pipe 37, and the downstream of the water separation portion.
- the winding roller 35 sequentially passes, is drawn out by the winding roller 35, and is further sucked by a suction device or the like provided downstream of the winding roller 35. It is collected in the waste Waiyahoppa 36.
- the brake roller 9 is provided with an encoder 16 for detecting the rotational speed.
- the sensor 17 is attached to a lower support (not shown) of the main body head 1 in order to detect the bending, bending, insertion state, and the like of the wire electrode 5.
- the material of the workpiece 6 is, for example, an iron-based material or a super hard material.
- the material of the wire electrode 5 is, for example, a metal material such as tungsten, copper alloy (brass), piano wire, and the like, and further, a metal material whose surface is covered with these as a core material, for example, a core material
- the coating layer is made of a copper alloy, and in the case where the core material is a copper alloy type, it is made of a coating layer material such as zinc.
- the workpiece 6 has a flat plate shape as shown in FIG.
- the wire electrode 7 is inserted into the holes 19 such as a plurality of start holes and machining traces, and then supplied to the wire electrode 5.
- a current is supplied from the electron 18 and a voltage is applied between the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6 to perform electric discharge machining of the workpiece 6.
- a machining member 26 which is a machining member such as a plate or a core is used. Will occur.
- the tip of the wire electrode 5 is sequentially inserted from the upper head 2 through the workpiece 6 to the lower head 4, the tip of the wire electrode 5 is not obstructed by the upper head 2, the workpiece 6, the lower head 4, etc.
- the sensor 17 can detect the state.
- the deflection of the wire electrode 5 is detected by contacting the sensor 17. Detected. Since power is supplied to the wire supply roller 10 through the power supply, and voltage is applied to the wire electrode 5 with the wire supply roller 10 closed and sandwiching the wire electrode 5, the contact state of the wire electrode 5 by the sensor 17 is applied. Is detected.
- the processed member 26 having a predetermined processed shape 21 is separated from the workpiece 6, but the processed member 26 is attached to a part of the wire electrode 5. It is melted and welded to the workpiece 6 at the welding portion 20 on the processing locus and temporarily held.
- a part of the wire electrode 5 to be melted is a wire peripheral portion of a predetermined length of the wire electrode 5, and the wire electrode 5 is welded to the workpiece 6 with the wire electrode melt.
- Reference numeral 5 indicates that the supply state of the wire electrode 5 is maintained without disconnection.
- the welding of the workpiece 6 and the processing member 26 is favorably performed when the wire electrode 5 contains a copper alloy system.
- the wire electrode 5 fed from the source bobbin 7 provided in the machine main body 15 is sandwiched by the wire supply roller 10 provided in the main body head 1, and the wire supply roller 10 is driven to drive the wire electrode 5.
- the electrical machining condition applied between the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6 is changed from the machining cycle to the welding cycle in at least one place of the predetermined machining shape 21 of the workpiece 6.
- the current (A) flowing through the wire electrode 5 causes the workpiece 6 to be subjected to wire electric discharge machining as shown in FIGS.
- the current peak flowing from the high voltage load HV to the wire electrode 5 is reduced to about 1/4 times, for example, and the voltage (V) applied between the electrode between the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6 Is reduced to about 1/4 times, for example, and the pulse of the current flowing through the wire electrode 5 is increased to about 2 times, for example, to shift from machining discharge to arc discharge.
- the workpiece 26 is welded to the workpiece 6 at the welding portion 20 by arc welding.
- the machining conditions in the welding cycle are such that a part of the facing portion between the workpiece 6 and the machining member 26 is welded as the welding portion 20 while cutting the workpiece 6.
- the part of the facing part is a part of the part where the workpiece 6 and the machining member 26 face each other.
- the welded portion 20 between the workpiece 6 and the machining member 26 is present at the edge portion (only the upper portion in FIG. 7), it can be broken with a slight external force, so the electric discharge machining of the workpiece 6 is completed. Later, the welded portion 20 is broken by an external force, and the workpiece 26 is easily separated from the workpiece 6. Further, the welded portion 20 between the workpiece 6 and the processed member 26 can be broken by a weak external force, but the fracture static load resistance of the welded portion 20 between the workpiece 6 and the processed member 26 is as shown in FIG. Yes.
- the electric circuit shown in FIG. 2 includes a first circuit in which a low-voltage load LV with resistance for checking an interelectrode condition and a first switch S1 are connected in series with respect to the interelectrode between the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6, and A second circuit in which a high voltage load HV for electric discharge machining and a second switch S2 are connected in series is connected in parallel.
- the first circuit is a circuit for mainly confirming an inter-electrode situation between the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6, and the workpiece 6 and the wire electrode 5 are in an appropriate positional relationship for electric discharge machining of the workpiece 6.
- the resistor R has a function of adjusting the current flowing through the first circuit. Accordingly, the switch S1 is ON / OFF controlled before the electric discharge machining of the workpiece 6 in terms of timing.
- the second circuit is for electric discharge machining. When the workpiece 6 is electric discharge machining, it is necessary to flow a large current in a short time, and a resistor or the like is not incorporated. Next, the machining cycle and the welding cycle for the workpiece welding method during the wire electric discharge machining will be described.
- a pulse is generated by turning on the first switch S1
- a low voltage load LV is applied between the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6.
- About 80 V is generated for about 2 ⁇ sec, and it is confirmed whether or not the distance between the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6 is an appropriate position. If the distance between the electrodes is appropriate, discharge starts between the electrodes. .
- a current of about 400 A is passed through the wire electrode 5 for about 0.8 ⁇ sec.
- a high voltage load HV of about 240 V is applied between the two and the workpiece 6 is subjected to electric discharge machining with the wire electrode 5.
- the gap between the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6 is For example, about 80 V of the low voltage load LV is generated for about 2 ⁇ sec, and it is confirmed whether or not the distance between the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6 is an appropriate position. Discharge starts.
- a basic electric circuit for achieving this method of welding the workpiece includes a low-voltage load LV with a resistance R and a first switch S1 for inter-electrode state confirmation with respect to the inter-electrode space between the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6.
- Three circuits are connected in parallel.
- FIG. 5 shows specific values for the first switch S1, the second switch S2, the third switch S3, the voltage waveform (V), and the current waveform (A), but these values are understood. It is an example for facilitating, and it is needless to say that the voltage waveform (V) and the current waveform (A) are also exemplary waveforms.
- the time for which the first switch S1 is turned on is the distance between the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6 (for example, the processing power supply, the material of the wire electrode 5, the condition of the wire diameter, the material of the workpiece 6, the thickness, etc. Parameters that vary depending on the conditions, etc.) and are indefinite without being determined by the processing conditions, etc. and are on the order of several microseconds and several tens of microseconds. 2 ⁇ sec is described.
- the time for turning on the second switch S2 is the ON time determined by the machining conditions (parameter input), but 0.8 ⁇ sec is described as an example in the description of the following machining cycle and welding cycle.
- the current flowing time of the current waveform and the voltage waveform application time in FIG. 5B are indefinite without being determined by the processing conditions or the like, but in the description of the processing cycle and welding cycle below, Is 3 ⁇ sec.
- the machining cycle of the workpiece 6 by the wire electrode 5 is such that the first switch S1 is turned on and the low voltage is applied to the gap between the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6.
- the control is executed by energizing the load LV, and then energizing the high voltage load HV by turning off the first switch S1 and turning on the second switch S2.
- the welding cycle between the workpiece 6 and the workpiece 26 is low when the third switch S3 is kept on and the first switch S1 is turned on with respect to the gap between the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6.
- First step When the first switch S1 is turned on and the low voltage load LV passes for a certain time, for example, about 2 ⁇ sec, discharge starts between the electrodes of the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6.
- Second step The second switch S2 is turned ON, the voltage drop is set as a trigger, the high voltage load HV is applied, the current rises, and the electric discharge machining of the workpiece 6 by the wire electrode 5 is performed.
- Third step The discharge time between the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6 is determined by the machining conditions of the workpiece 6, but, for example, about 0.8 ⁇ sec is discharged.
- Fourth step Once the first switch S1, the second switch S2, and the third switch S3 are turned OFF, the voltage applied between the electrodes of the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6 is set to no load, and a rest time is taken.
- First step When the first switch S1 is turned on and the low voltage load LV is passed for a predetermined time, for example, about 2 ⁇ sec, discharge starts between the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6.
- Third step When switching from the normal cycle, which is a machining cycle, to the welding cycle, the second switch S2 is turned OFF after a predetermined time has elapsed, but since the third switch S3 is ON, the workpiece 6 and the wire electrode 5, a circulating current flows between them, and a current having a long pulse width can be generated. At this time, the wire electrode 5 is melted and welded to the workpiece 6 and the workpiece 26. Welds. Fourth step: When the circulating current has completely flowed, the third switch S3 is turned OFF to take a rest time.
- First step When the first switch S1 is turned on and the low voltage load LV is passed for a predetermined time, for example, about 2 ⁇ sec, discharge starts between the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6.
- Fourth step After the fifth switch S5 is kept on and the fourth switch S4 is turned off, the fifth switch 5 is turned on for sub- ⁇ sec to release the energized state of the high voltage load HV, and the current waveform Move closer to a trapezoid.
- Fifth step Once the first switch S1, the fourth switch S4, and the fifth switch S5 are turned off, the voltage applied between the electrodes of the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6 is set to no load, and a rest time is taken. The machining of the machining shape 21 of the workpiece 6 by the wire electrode 5 is achieved by repeating the above cycle at a cycle of 125 k to 2000 kHz.
- First step The first switch S1 is turned on and the low voltage load LV is changed for a certain time, for example, When about 2 ⁇ sec elapses, discharge starts between the electrodes of the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6.
- Second step The fourth switch S4 and the fifth switch S5 are turned on, the current applied with the high voltage load HV is increased by using the voltage drop as a trigger, and the electric discharge machining of the workpiece 6 by the wire electrode 5 is performed.
- the fourth switch S4 is turned off after a certain time, but since the fifth switch S5 is turned on, a circulating current flows between the electrodes of the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6, and the high voltage load HV Since the bias is released and a current with a long pulse width can be generated, arc welding occurs between the workpiece 6 and the workpiece 26 at this time, and both are welded.
- Fifth step When the circulating current has completely flowed, the fifth switch S5 is turned OFF to take a rest time.
- a specific electric circuit diagram for the method of welding a workpiece during wire electric discharge machining will be described.
- the drawings of voltage waveforms and current waveforms generated by the ON / OFF control of the first switch S1, the fourth switch S4, and the fifth switch S5 are omitted.
- a specific electric circuit for achieving the workpiece welding method at the time of wire electric discharge machining is a low voltage load with resistance and a first switch for checking the gap condition between the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6.
- the fourth switch S4 and the fifth switch S5 are turned on, the high voltage load HV can be energized with respect to the gap between the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6.
- the change of the electrical machining conditions from the machining cycle to the welding cycle is executed by ON / OFF control of the first switch S1, the fourth switch S4, and the fifth switch S5.
- the workpiece cutting remaining machining method in the wire electric discharge machining according to the present invention is carried out using a specific electric circuit incorporating the diode D2 and the diode D3, two circulating currents are generated.
- the problem of heat generation due to switching can be alleviated by generating a circulating current alternately by approaching the shape.
- the workpiece uncut machining method uses the circulating current to weld the workpiece 6 and the machining member 26, so that the current waveform can be lowered slowly compared to the electric discharge machining of the workpiece 6. it can. Needless to say, the ON and OFF timings of the fourth switch S4 and the fifth switch S5 may be reversed.
- a workpiece 6 other than 26 is drilled, or a new drill is made at that location.
- a workpiece 26 having a predetermined shape is cut out on the workpiece 6, and the cut workpiece 26 is called a core, which becomes a waste product.
- the start hole 19 is drilled in the machining member 26 that is a core or is newly drilled in that place.
- vertical which is a technical term used for the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6 described below, is 90 ° with respect to the upper and lower surfaces 33 and 34 of the flat workpiece 6 in the present invention. It is intended to include (perpendicular) vertical and substantially vertical, nearly vertical and substantially vertical in the vicinity of 90 °. Further, the “inclination” as a technical term used for the wire electrode 5 and the workpiece 6 is intended to be substantially inclined with respect to the upper and lower surfaces 33 and 34 of the flat workpiece 6. Is.
- the workpiece 6 is installed on a work table 23 disposed between the upper head 2 and the lower head 4, and the workpiece 6 is fixed to the work table 23 with a clamp 25.
- the workpiece 6 is a stack of two plate materials and is subjected to electric discharge machining along a machining shape 21 indicated by a dotted line.
- the workpiece 6 is subjected to electric discharge machining from a hole 19 of the start hole like a machining locus 27 indicated by a solid line, and the wire electrode 5 is positioned at the tip of the machining locus 27.
- the wire electrode 5 has reached the position where the workpiece 26 should be welded to the workpiece 6, and the inclined machining surface 30 of the workpiece 6 is formed.
- the substantially vertical machining surface 29 formed by electric discharge machining on the workpiece 6 is such that the upper head 2 and the lower head 4 are in the thickness direction of the workpiece 6, that is, with respect to the upper surface 33 and the lower surface 34.
- the wire electrode 5 is in a state of extending substantially perpendicular to the thickness direction of the workpiece 6 and proceeds relatively in the traveling direction P so that the workpiece 6 is subjected to electric discharge machining. is doing.
- the PS area of the workpiece 6 is an area showing the surface of the machining locus 27 after the electric discharge machining that has already been electric discharge machined, and the RS area is an unmachined area that has not yet been electric discharge machined.
- the wire electrode 5 extends the workpiece 6 substantially perpendicularly to the upper and lower surfaces 33 and 34 of the workpiece 6 and the electric discharge machining proceeds. Further, from the upper head 2 and the lower head 4, the machining of the workpiece 6 is in a state where a water flow W is ejected as indicated by an arrow.
- FIG. 11 shows an enlarged view of the region C indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG.
- the wire electrode 5 extends perpendicularly to the upper and lower surfaces of the workpiece 6 and discharge-processes the workpiece 6 over a predetermined distance along a predetermined machining shape 21 of the workpiece 6.
- region which should weld the workpiece 6 and the process member 26 is shown.
- the wire electrode 5 forms the inclined machining surface 30 by inclining the workpiece 6.
- the upper head 2 protrudes in the advancing direction along the machining shape 21 with respect to the lower head 4, and the wire electrode 5 is inclined to work.
- the lower head 4 is stationary relative to the upper head 2 and receives the wire electrode 5.
- rough machining electric discharge machining is performed on a workpiece 6 by a wire electrode 5 extending in a predetermined inclination direction with respect to the workpiece 6 with an electric machining condition as a machining cycle, and the upper head is moved by a predetermined distance.
- an inclined machining surface 30 is formed on the workpiece 6.
- FIG. 13 shows a basic embodiment of the welding process.
- the electric machining condition of the wire electric discharge machine is switched from the machining cycle to the welding cycle, and the workpiece 26 is welded to the workpiece 6.
- a state in which the welded portion 20 is formed is shown. That is, when the welding process is performed on the workpiece 6, the welded portion 20 is formed at a slight depth from the upper surface 33 of the workpiece 6, and the lower portion is separated by machining. Therefore, the workpiece welding method at the time of wire electric discharge machining shown in FIG. 13 cannot form welds at a plurality of locations such as the central portion and the lower portion of the workpiece 6 in the thickness direction.
- FIG. 14 shows an embodiment showing a method for welding processed members during wire electric discharge machining according to the present invention.
- the workpiece 6 is roughly machined at a predetermined angle ⁇ by the wire electrode 5 to form a machining surface of the inclined machining surface 30.
- the wire electrode 5 is changed from the inclined posture shown in FIG. 12 to a posture substantially perpendicular to the upper and lower surfaces 33 and 34 of the workpiece 6 shown in FIG. 14, and the electrical machining conditions are switched from the machining cycle to the welding cycle.
- a welding process is performed on the workpiece 6.
- the wire electrode 5 is welded from the lower end of the inclined upper surface 31. Is performed, the processed member 26 is welded to the workpiece 6 along the inclined processing surface 30 from the bottom to the top, and the welded portion 20 is formed.
- FIG. 15 is a view for explaining a method of welding a workpiece at the time of wire electric discharge machining according to the present invention.
- the workpiece 6 is roughly machined to a predetermined angle ⁇ predetermined by the wire electrode 5 to form an inclined machining surface 30.
- the region from the initial position P1 of the inclined machining surface 30 of the workpiece 6 to the intermediate position P2 is a region where the machining member 26 is welded to the workpiece 6, and the electric machining conditions are welded from the machining cycle at the position P1. Switching to the cycle, the welding process is performed on the workpiece 6.
- the electrical machining condition is switched from the welding cycle to the machining cycle at the position P2 from the position P2 to the position P3, and the electrical machining is performed on the workpiece 6,
- the object 6 is subjected to electric discharge machining according to the machining shape 21.
- the electrical machining conditions are switched from the machining cycle to the welding cycle at the position P3, and the welding process is performed on the workpiece 6. Accordingly, the wire electrode 5 is welded again from the position P3 along the inclined machining surface 30 of the workpiece 6 to weld the workpiece 26 to the workpiece 6.
- the inclined machining surface 30 that has been subjected to electric discharge machining on the workpiece 6 is subjected to electric discharge machining at two points on the workpiece 6 in a state in which the upper head 2 is advanced with respect to the lower head 4 and in a retracted state.
- the inclined machining surfaces 30 intersecting each other are formed with the inclination angles ⁇ and ⁇ with respect to the upper and lower surfaces 33 and 34 of the workpiece 6.
- the wire electrode 5 is changed from an inclined posture shown by a dotted line in FIG. 16 to a substantially vertical posture shown by a solid line with respect to the upper and lower surfaces 33 and 34 of the workpiece 6, and the electromachining condition is switched from the machining cycle to the welding cycle.
- the welding process is performed on the workpiece 6 along the temporary inclined upper surface 31 intersecting from the position where the central portion of the workpiece 6 is convex.
- the unmachined portion at the center of the workpiece 6 has a convex shape, the workpiece 26 is welded to the workpiece 6 along the intersecting temporary inclined upper surface 31, and the welded portion 20 is formed in the convex portion.
- the upper head 2 and the lower head 4 extend the wire electrode 5 perpendicularly to the upper and lower surfaces 33 and 34 of the workpiece 6, and the electrical machining conditions are switched from the machining cycle to the welding cycle. Then, the welding process is performed to form the welded portion 20.
- the wire electrode 5 is set at a position where the upper head 2 is substantially perpendicular to the upper and lower surfaces 33, 34 of the workpiece 6 with respect to the lower head 4.
- 34 rough machining electric discharge machining is performed in the vertical direction, and a vertical machining surface 29 is formed on the workpiece 6.
- the vertical machining surface 29 becomes a temporary vertical upper surface 28 of the workpiece 6 when machining the workpiece 6. Therefore, by operating the lower head 4 to move relative to the upper head 2, the wire electrode 5 is inclined, or the upper head 2 is moved backward relative to the lower head 4.
- the wire electrode is set in an inclined state, the electromachining condition is switched from the machining cycle to the welding cycle, and the welding process is performed on the workpiece 6 from the lower surface 34 side.
- the vertical upper surface 28 on the entry side of the wire electrode 6 becomes the vertical machining surface 29 and is welded in the thickness direction of the workpiece 6 along the vertical machining surface 29 from the lower side of the vertical machining surface 29.
- the part 20 is formed from the bottom to the top.
- the welding cycle is performed by changing the inclination angle of the wire electrode 5 in the wire electric discharge machine, or the welding cycle is performed with the inclination angle of the wire electrode 5 being constant.
- the desired relative movement of the wire electrode 5 with respect to the workpiece 6 is appropriately controlled by the XY axis along which the work table 23 moves and the UV axis along which the upper head 2 moves. Yes.
- the wire electrode 5 is set to a position where the upper head 2 is perpendicular to the upper and lower surfaces 33 and 34 of the workpiece 6 with respect to the lower head 4.
- the wire electrode 5 is inclined by moving the lower head 4 relative to the upper head 2 to incline the wire electrode 5, or the upper head 2 is moved backward relative to the lower head 4.
- the electrical machining conditions are set from the machining cycle to the welding cycle, and the welding process is performed on the workpiece 6 from the lower surface 34 side.
- the vertical upper surface 28 on the entry side of the wire electrode 6 becomes the vertical machining surface 29 and is welded in the thickness direction of the workpiece 6 along the vertical machining surface 29 from the lower side of the vertical machining surface 29.
- the electrical machining conditions are switched from the welding cycle to the machining cycle, the workpiece 6 is subjected to electric discharge machining, and the machining cycle is switched again to the welding cycle.
- the welded portions 20 can be formed at a plurality of locations. That is, if a welding cycle, that is, a welding process and a machining cycle, that is, electric discharge machining, are sequentially performed on the workpiece 6, several welded portions 20 (two in FIG. 18) from the bottom are formed in the thickness direction of the workpiece 6. can do.
- the workpiece welding method at the time of wire electric discharge machining is preferably applied to, for example, a wire electric discharge machine for electric discharge machining of a workpiece with discharge energy so as to prevent the workpiece from being dropped from the workpiece. Is.
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Abstract
Description
前記加工部材を前記工作物に溶着する予め決められた所定の位置で前記電気加工条件を前記加工サイクルにして前記工作物の加工形状に沿って前記工作物の厚さ方向に荒加工の放電加工を行って前記工作物に加工面を形成し,次いで,前記ワイヤ電極の姿勢を前記荒加工された前記工作物の厚さ方向の前記加工面に対して傾斜させ,前記電気加工条件を前記加工サイクルから前記溶着サイクルに切り換えて前記工作物に前記加工面に沿って溶着加工を行って,前記ワイヤ電極の前記工作物の進入側の前記加工面に沿って前記加工部材を前記工作物に溶着する前記溶着部を前記工作物の厚さ方向の前記加工面に沿って予め決められた領域で所定の長さにわたって形成し,前記溶着部によって前記加工部材を前記工作物に保持させることを特徴とするワイヤ放電加工時における加工部材溶着方法に関する。
ここで,本願発明では,ワイヤ電極及び工作物に対して用いている技術用語である「垂直」は,平板状の工作物の上下面に対して,90°(直角)である垂直及び90°近傍の略垂直やほぼ垂直及び実質的に垂直を含むことを意図しており,また,ワイヤ電極及び工作物に対して用いている技術用語である「傾斜」は,平板状の工作物の上下面に対して実質的に傾斜していることを意図したものとする。
前記傾斜加工面に沿う前記溶着加工は,前記ワイヤ電極を前記傾斜加工面から前記工作物の上下面に対して実質的に垂直状態に変更して前記傾斜加工面の下部から上部へと前記傾斜加工面に沿って行い,前記溶着部は,前記ワイヤ電極の進入側である前記傾斜加工面に沿って予め決められた領域で所定の長さにわたって形成されるものである。
即ち,工作物に加工形状の放電部位に予め仮の上面となる傾斜面や垂直面を荒加工で形成し,仮の上面に対してワイヤ電極を相対的に傾斜させて溶着工程を行えば,前記加工部材を前記工作物に溶着する溶着部は,前記ワイヤ電極の進入側の前記工作物の仮の上面に沿って形成されることになる。例えば,上ヘッドを下ヘッドに先行させて移動させると,ワイヤ電極を傾斜させることができ,その傾斜状態のワイヤ電極で工作物を放電加工して荒加工すれば,工作物への荒加工が傾斜方向に傾斜加工面として形成され,次いで,上ヘッドを下ヘッドの位置へと後退させてワイヤ電極が工作物の上下面に対して実質的に垂直状態に変更され,言い換えれば,ワイヤ電極で傾斜加工面に対して傾斜状態になり,溶着サイクルを行えば,予め決められた箇所で所定の長さで,場合によっては複数箇所で溶着部が傾斜加工面に沿って形成され,該溶着部で加工部材が工作物に溶着されて一時的に保持されることになる。
又は,上ヘッドを下ヘッドと垂直方向に位置させてワイヤ電極を実質的に垂直状態にさせて,その垂直状態のワイヤ電極で工作物を放電加工して荒加工すれば,工作物への荒加工が厚さ方向である垂直方向に垂直加工面として形成され,次いで,上ヘッドを下ヘッドに対して後退させてワイヤ電極を傾斜させてワイヤ電極を垂直加工面に対して傾斜状態に変更し,ワイヤ電極を繰り出し,工作物のワイヤ電極の進入側になる垂直加工面の下部から溶着工程を行えば,溶着部が垂直加工面の下部から垂直加工面に沿って垂直に延びるように厚さ方向に所定の長さで所定の箇所,或いは複数箇所に形成され,該溶着部で加工部材が工作物に溶着されて一時的に保持される。
また,工作物に対して荒加工と溶着加工とを複数回にわたって順次変更することによって,工作物の厚さ方向に加工部材を保持する溶着部を複数箇所に形成し,加工部材を工作物に複数箇所で適正に保持させることができる。
更に,このワイヤ放電加工時における加工部材溶着方法では,工作物と加工部材との溶着工程が終了すれば,工作物の加工形状の放電加工が終了していなければ,工作物の加工形状に従って引き続き,電気加工条件を溶着サイクルから加工サイクルに切り換えて工作物に対して放電加工をすればよいことは勿論である。
このワイヤ放電加工機は,概して,機械本体15に取り付けられ且つワイヤ電極5を巻き上げているソースボビン7,ソースボビン7から送り出されるワイヤ送り系でのワイヤ電極5の方向を転換する複数の方向転換ローラ8,ワイヤ電極5が良好に繰り出されるようにワイヤ電極5にブレーキをかけるブレーキローラ9,送り出されるワイヤ電極5にテンションを付与するテンションローラ12,ワイヤ電極5を供給パイプ13へとガイドするガイドローラ32等を備えている。ワイヤ電極5は,ワイヤ供給系における方向転換ローラ8,ガイドローラ32を通過して,本体ヘッド1に設けられた一対のアニールローラであるワイヤ供給ローラ10,ワイヤ電極送りユニット24に支持された供給パイプ13内を通って一対のコモンローラ11を通過した後に,そこで,ワイヤ電極5は一対のワイヤ供給ローラ10と一対のコモンローラ11とで挟持され,それらの間で給電子18(図2,図4)を通じて加工電源からの電流がワイヤ供給ローラ10,ワイヤ電極5,及びコモンローラ11に通電され,ワイヤ供給ローラ10とコモンローラ11との間のワイヤ電極5がアニールされて曲がり等の癖取りされ,次いで,ワイヤ電極5のアニールされていない先端部がカッタ14で切断して排除され,ワイヤ電極5を真っ直ぐな状態にする。その後,アニールされたワイヤ電極5は,ワイヤ供給ローラ10の送り出しに従ってワイヤ電極送りユニット24である供給パイプホルダに支持された供給パイプ13の降下に従って供給パイプ13にガイドされて上ヘッド2へと達して挿通される。また,放電加工される工作物6は,加工槽等に設けられたワークテーブル23にクランプ25で固定されている(図9)。
図2に示す電気回路は,ワイヤ電極5と工作物6との極間に対して極間状況確認用の抵抗付き低電圧負荷LVと第1スイッチS1が直列に結線された第1回路,及び放電加工用の高電圧負荷HVと第2スイッチS2が直列に結線された第2回路が並列に結線されている。第1回路は,主としてワイヤ電極5と工作物6との間の極間状況を確認する回路であって,工作物6を放電加工するのに工作物6とワイヤ電極5とが適正な位置関係にあるか否かを検出する手段であり,抵抗Rは第1回路を流れる電流を調整する機能を有している。従って,スイッチS1は,タイミング的には工作物6の放電加工の前にON・OFF制御されるものである。また,第2回路は,放電加工用であり,工作物6を放電加工する場合には,大電流を短い時間で流す必要があり,抵抗等は組み込まれていない回路である。 次に,このワイヤ放電加工時における加工部材溶着方法についての加工サイクル及び溶着サイクルについて説明する。
図3の(A)に示す通常加工である加工サイクルでは,第1スイッチS1をONしてパルスを発生させると,ワイヤ電極5と工作物6との極間に,例えば,低電圧負荷LVの80V程度が2μsec程度発生してワイヤ電極5と工作物6との極間状況が適正な位置であるか否かを確認し,極間状況が適正であれば,そこで極間で放電が開始する。次いで,第1スイッチS1をOFFして第2スイッチS2をONし,パルスを発生させると,ワイヤ電極5に,例えば,400A程度の電流を0.8μsec程度流して,ワイヤ電極5と工作物6との極間に高電圧負荷HVから240V程度が印加され,ワイヤ電極5で工作物6が放電加工されることになる。
また,図3の(B)に示す工作物6と加工部材26との溶着サイクルでは,第1スイッチS1をONしてパルスを発生させると,ワイヤ電極5と工作物6との極間に,例えば,低電圧負荷LVの80V程度が2μsec程度発生してワイヤ電極5と工作物6との極間状況が適正な位置であるか否かを確認し,極間状況が適正であれば,そこで放電が開始する。次いで,第1スイッチS1をOFFして第2スイッチS2をONし,パルスを発生させると,ワイヤ電極5に,例えば,110A程度の電流が3μsec程度流れて,ワイヤ電極5と工作物6との極間に高電圧負荷HVから加工時の約1/4の70V程度が印加され,アーク放電となってワイヤ電極5が溶融されて,加工部材26が工作物6にワイヤ電極溶融物で溶着される。
図5では,第1スイッチS1,第2スイッチS2,第3スイッチS3,電圧波形(V),及び電流波形(A)について,具体的に数値を記載しているが,これらの数値は理解し易くするための例示であり,また,電圧波形(V)及び電流波形(A)についても,例示の波形であることは勿論である。即ち,第1スイッチS1をONする時間は,ワイヤ電極5と工作物6との極間状態(例えば,加工電源,ワイヤ電極5の材質,線径等の条件,及び工作物6の材質,厚さ等の条件で変化するパラメータ)で決まるものであり,加工条件等で決まらずに不定であって,数μsec,数十μsec程度であるが,下記の加工サイクル及び溶着サイクルでの説明では例示として,2μsecを記載している。また,第2スイッチS2をONする時間は,加工条件(パラメータ入力)で決めるON時間であるが,下記の加工サイクル及び溶着サイクルでの説明では,例示として,0.8μsecを記載している。更に,図5の(B)における電流波形の電流の流れる時間及び電圧波形の印加時間は,加工条件等で決められずに不定であるが,下記の加工サイクル及び溶着サイクルでの説明では,例示として,3μsecを記載している。
このワイヤ放電加工時における加工部材溶着方法における加工サイクルの一例を,図4及び図5の(A)を参照して説明すると,次のとおりである。
第1工程:第1スイッチS1をONして低電圧負荷LVを,ある時間,例えば,2μsec程度が経過すると,ワイヤ電極5と工作物6との極間に放電が開始する。
第2工程:第2スイッチS2をONして,電圧降下をトリッガーとして高電圧負荷HVが印加されて電流が上昇し,ワイヤ電極5による工作物6の放電加工が行われる。
第3工程:ワイヤ電極5と工作物6との極間の放電時間は,工作物6の加工条件で決められているが,例えば,0.8μsec程度が放電される。
第4工程:一旦,第1スイッチS1,第2スイッチS2,及び第3スイッチS3をOFFして,ワイヤ電極5と工作物6との極間に掛かる電圧を無負荷として,休止時間をとる。ワイヤ電極5による工作物6の加工形状21の加工時は,上記のサイクルを125k~2000kHzの周期で繰り返すことによって達成される。
また,この加工部材溶着方法における溶着サイクルの一例を,図4及び図5の(B)を参照して説明すると,次のとおりである。
第1工程:第1スイッチS1をONして低電圧負荷LVを所定時間,例えば2μsec程度が経過すると,ワイヤ電極5と工作物6との極間に放電が開始する。
第2工程:第2スイッチS2をONして,電圧降下をトリッガーとして高電圧負荷HVが印加された電流が上昇し,ワイヤ電極5による工作物6の放電加工を行う。
第3工程:加工サイクルである通常サイクルから溶着サイクルに切り換える時に,第2スイッチS2のONを一定時間経過後にOFFにするが,第3スイッチS3がONしているため,工作物6とワイヤ電極5との間に循環電流が流れ,パルス幅の長い電流を生成でき,この時,ワイヤ電極5が溶融して工作物6と加工部材26とに溶着し,結果として工作物6に加工部材26が溶着する。
第4工程:循環電流が流れきったところで,第3スイッチS3がOFFして休止時間を取ることになる。
第1工程:第1スイッチS1をONして低電圧負荷LVを所定時間,例えば2μsec程度が経過すると,ワイヤ電極5と工作物6との極間に放電が開始する。
第2工程:第1スイッチS1をOFFし,第4スイッチS4と第5スイッチS5とをONして,電圧降下をトリッガーとして高電圧負荷HVが印加されて電流が上昇し,ワイヤ電極5による工作物6の放電加工が行われる。
第3工程:第4スイッチS4と第5スイッチS5とをON状態に持続し,ワイヤ電極5と工作物6との極間の放電時間は,工作物6の加工条件で決められているが,例えば,0.8μsec程度が放電される。
第4工程:第5スイッチS5をON状態に持続し,第4スイッチS4をOFFにした後,サブμsecだけ第5スイッチ5をONして高電圧負荷HVの付勢状態を解放し,電流波形を台形に近づける。
第5工程:一旦,第1スイッチS1,第4スイッチS4,及び第5スイッチS5をOFFして,ワイヤ電極5と工作物6との極間に掛かる電圧を無負荷として,休止時間をとる。ワイヤ電極5による工作物6の加工形状21の加工時は,上記のサイクルを125k~2000kHzの周期で繰り返すことによって達成される。
第1工程:第1スイッチS1をONして低電圧負荷LVを,ある時間,例えば,
2μsec程度が経過すると,ワイヤ電極5と工作物6との極間に放電が開始する。
第2工程:第4スイッチS4と第5スイッチS5をONして,電圧降下をトリッガーとして高電圧負荷HVが印加された電流が上昇し,ワイヤ電極5による工作物6の放電加工を行う。
第3工程:第4スイッチS4と第5スイッチS5をON状態を持続して,放電時間は加工条件で決め,例えば,0.8μsec程度だけ放置する。
第4工程:第4スイッチS4を一定時間後OFFにするが,第5スイッチS5がONしているため,ワイヤ電極5と工作物6との極間に循環電流が流れ,高電圧負荷HVの付勢が解放され,パルス幅の長い電流が生成できるため,この時,工作物6と加工部材26との間にアーク溶接が発生して両者が溶着される。
第5工程:循環電流が流れきったところで,第5スイッチS5がOFFして休止時間を取ることになる。
このワイヤ放電加工時における加工部材溶着方法を達成する具体的な電気回路は,ワイヤ電極5と工作物6との極間に対して,極間状況確認用の抵抗付き低電圧負荷と第1スイッチS1とが直列に結線された第1回路,放電加工用の高電圧負荷と第4スイッチS4と第5スイッチS5とが直列に結線された第2回路,第2ダイオードD2と第5スイッチS5とが直列に結線された第3回路,及び第3ダイオードD3と第4スイッチS4とが直列に結線された第4回路を,それぞれ並列に結線したものである。この電気回路において,第4スイッチS4及び第5スイッチS5をONすれば,ワイヤ電極5と工作物6との間の極間に対して高電圧負荷HVを付勢することができる。
また,加工サイクルから溶着サイクルへの電気加工条件の変更は,第1スイッチS1,第4スイッチS4,及び第5スイッチS5のON・OFF制御によって実行されるものである。第5スイッチS5がONの時,第4スイッチS4をOFFした後には,ワイヤ電極5と工作物6との間の極間に対して第2ダイオードD2と第5スイッチS5とを通る第1循環電流が流れる。また,第4スイッチS4がONの時,第5スイッチS5をOFFした後には,ワイヤ電極5と工作物6との間の極間に対して第3ダイオードD3と第4スイッチS4とを通る第2循環電流が流れる。即ち,この電気回路では,第1スイッチS1,第4スイッチS4,及び第5スイッチS5のON・OFF制御によって,第1循環電流と第2循環電流とが交互に流れることになる。この発明によるワイヤ放電加工における工作物切り残し加工方法は,ダイオードD2及びダイオードD3を組み込んだ具体的な電気回路を用いて行えば,2つの循環電流を発生させるので,放電加工の電流波形が台形状に近くなり,交互に循環電流を発生させることによってスイッチングによる発熱の問題を緩和することができる。このワイヤ放電加工における工作物切り残し加工方法は,循環電流を利用して工作物6と加工部材26とを溶着させるため,工作物6の放電加工に比較して,電流波形をゆっくり下げることができる。なお,第4スイッチS4と第5スイッチS5とは,ON,OFFタイミングは,逆でもよいことは勿論である。
2 上ヘッド
4 下ヘッド
5 ワイヤ電極
6 工作物
7 ソースボビン
10 ワイヤ供給ローラ
13 供給パイプ
15 機械本体
19 スタートホール
20 溶着部
21 加工形状
22 加工スリット
26 加工部材
27 加工軌跡
28 仮の垂直上面
29 垂直加工面
30 傾斜加工面
31 仮の傾斜上面
32 ガイドローラ
33 工作物の上面
34 工作物の下面
35 巻き取りローラ
Claims (10)
- ワイヤ電極と該ワイヤ電極に対向する工作物との間に極間電圧を印加して発生する放電エネルギーによって前記工作物を放電加工して前記工作物から加工部材を分離される放電加工する際に,前記加工部材の予め決められた箇所で前記ワイヤ電極と前記工作物との間に印加する電気加工条件を加工サイクルから溶着サイクルに変更して前記ワイヤ電極の一部を溶融させて前記加工部材を前記工作物に溶着部で溶着させて前記加工部材を前記工作物に保持させることから成るワイヤ放電加工時における加工部材溶着方法において,
前記加工部材を前記工作物に溶着する予め決められた所定の位置で前記電気加工条件を前記加工サイクルにして前記工作物の加工形状に沿って前記工作物の厚さ方向に荒加工の放電加工を行って前記工作物に加工面を形成し,次いで,前記ワイヤ電極の姿勢を前記荒加工された前記工作物の厚さ方向の前記加工面に対して傾斜させ,前記電気加工条件を前記加工サイクルから前記溶着サイクルに切り換えて前記工作物に前記加工面に沿って溶着加工を行って,前記ワイヤ電極の前記工作物の進入側の前記加工面に沿って前記加工部材を前記工作物に溶着する前記溶着部を前記工作物の厚さ方向の前記加工面に沿って予め決められた領域で所定の長さにわたって形成し,前記溶着部によって前記加工部材を前記工作物に保持させることを特徴とするワイヤ放電加工時における加工部材溶着方法。 - 前記工作物を荒加工した前記加工面は,前記ワイヤ電極を前記工作物の上下面に対して傾斜させつつ又は傾斜状態にして前記工作物を荒加工した傾斜加工面であり,
前記傾斜加工面に沿う前記溶着加工は,前記ワイヤ電極を前記傾斜加工面から前記工作物の上下面に対して実質的に垂直状態に変更して前記傾斜加工面の下部から上部へと前記傾斜加工面に沿って行い,前記溶着部は,前記ワイヤ電極の進入側である前記傾斜加工面に沿って予め決められた領域で所定の長さにわたって形成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のワイヤ放電加工時における加工部材溶着方法。 - 前記加工部材と前記工作物とを溶着する前記溶着部は,前記傾斜加工面の下部側から上部側に向って前記工作物の厚さ方向の予め決められた所定の箇所で所定の長さに形成されることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のワイヤ放電加工時における加工部材溶着方法。
- 前記工作物に放電加工された前記傾斜加工面は,前記工作物に形成される加工形状に沿って上ヘッドを下ヘッドに先行させて前記ワイヤ電極を傾斜状態にして放電加工することによって形成されていることを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載のワイヤ放電加工時における加工部材溶着方法。
- 前記工作物に放電加工された前記傾斜加工面は,互いに交差して前記工作物に形成され,前記工作物の中央部の未加工部分が凸形状に形成され,前記溶着部は凸形状の前記未加工部分に形成されることを特徴とする請求項2~4のいずれか1項に記載のワイヤ放電加工時における加工部材溶着方法。
- 前記工作物に荒加工された前記加工面は,前記ワイヤ電極を前記工作物の上下面に対して実質的に垂直状態にして前記工作物を荒加工した実質的な垂直加工面であり,
前記垂直加工面に沿う前記溶着加工は,前記ワイヤ電極を前記工作物の上下面に対して傾斜状態にして前記垂直加工面の下部から上部へと前記垂直加工面に沿って行い,前記溶着部は,前記ワイヤ電極の進入側である前記垂直加工面に沿って予め決められた領域で所定の長さにわたって形成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のワイヤ放電加工時における加工部材溶着方法。 - 前記ワイヤ電極の姿勢を前記傾斜状態に設定するには,前記ワイヤ電極を繰り出す上ヘッドを前記工作物に形成した加工軌跡に沿って下ヘッドに対して相対的に後退させることによって前記ワイヤ電極を傾斜させることができることを特徴とする請求項6に記載のワイヤ放電加工時における加工部材溶着方法。
- 前記垂直加工面に沿う前記溶着加工において,前記ワイヤ電極の前記工作物の前記上下面に対する傾斜角を前記溶着加工の進展に従って増大させるため,前記ワイヤ電極を繰り出す上ヘッドに対して下ヘッドを相対的に前進させることによって,前記ワイヤ電極の前記傾斜角を変化させつつ前記垂直加工面に沿って前記溶着部を形成することを特徴とする請求項6に記載のワイヤ放電加工時における加工部材溶着方法。
- 前記加工面に形成される前記溶着部は,前記工作物の荒加工した前記加工面の長手方向に沿って1箇所又は複数箇所であることを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のワイヤ放電加工時における加工部材溶着方法。
- 前記工作物は厚さ方向に複数枚積層して放電加工されており,前記溶着部は少なくとも最下方に位置する前記工作物と前記加工部材とを溶着して,前記溶着部によって前記加工部材が前記工作物に保持されることを特徴とする請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載のワイヤ放電加工時における加工部材溶着方法。
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JP2018122377A (ja) * | 2017-01-31 | 2018-08-09 | ファナック株式会社 | ワイヤ放電加工機 |
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WO2019016984A1 (ja) * | 2017-07-20 | 2019-01-24 | 西部電機株式会社 | ワイヤ放電加工システム、ワイヤ放電加工方法及び工作物測定方法 |
US11213905B2 (en) | 2017-07-20 | 2022-01-04 | Seibu Electric & Machinery Co., Ltd. | Wire electrical discharge machining system, wire electrical discharge machining method, and workpiece measurement method |
US11219961B2 (en) | 2017-07-20 | 2022-01-11 | Seibu Electric & Machinery Co., Ltd. | Wire electrical discharge machining system, wire electrical discharge machining method, and workpiece measurement method |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN104080565B (zh) | 2017-03-22 |
EP2862659B1 (en) | 2017-04-12 |
US20140374385A1 (en) | 2014-12-25 |
KR20150018763A (ko) | 2015-02-24 |
US9724775B2 (en) | 2017-08-08 |
CN104080565A (zh) | 2014-10-01 |
TW201400218A (zh) | 2014-01-01 |
EP2862659A1 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
JP5893732B2 (ja) | 2016-03-23 |
TWI608884B (zh) | 2017-12-21 |
JPWO2013187201A1 (ja) | 2016-02-04 |
KR102042573B1 (ko) | 2019-11-08 |
EP2862659A4 (en) | 2016-06-08 |
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