WO2013185444A1 - 挖掘机升速控制节能系统及方法 - Google Patents

挖掘机升速控制节能系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013185444A1
WO2013185444A1 PCT/CN2012/085824 CN2012085824W WO2013185444A1 WO 2013185444 A1 WO2013185444 A1 WO 2013185444A1 CN 2012085824 W CN2012085824 W CN 2012085824W WO 2013185444 A1 WO2013185444 A1 WO 2013185444A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
speed
excavator
engine
control
throttle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2012/085824
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
尹满义
黄玉松
吴高丰
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hunan Sany Intelligent Control Equipment Co Ltd
Sany Heavy Machinery Ltd
Original Assignee
Hunan Sany Intelligent Control Equipment Co Ltd
Sany Heavy Machinery Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Hunan Sany Intelligent Control Equipment Co Ltd, Sany Heavy Machinery Ltd filed Critical Hunan Sany Intelligent Control Equipment Co Ltd
Publication of WO2013185444A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013185444A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2062Control of propulsion units
    • E02F9/2066Control of propulsion units of the type combustion engines
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2246Control of prime movers, e.g. depending on the hydraulic load of work tools

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of construction machinery, in particular to an excavator speed-up control energy-saving system and method. Background technique
  • the present invention provides an excavator speed-up control energy-saving system and method for realizing energy-saving control of an excavator during a speed increase process.
  • the excavator speed control energy saving system of the present invention comprises a pilot pressure sensor and a control Controller and throttle operating mechanism.
  • the pilot pressure sensor is configured to detect a pilot pressure signal of each action of the excavator;
  • the controller is coupled to the throttle knob of the excavator and the pilot pressure sensor;
  • the throttle operating mechanism is coupled to the controller; wherein the controller is configured For the working gear transmitted according to the throttle knob and the load condition detected by the pilot pressure sensor, the throttle opening degree is controlled by the throttle operating mechanism according to different levels; and the different levels include the idle speed level and the target speed level.
  • the controller further includes: a gear detection port, a pilot pressure detecting port, and a processor.
  • the gear detection port is configured to receive an excavator working gear acquired by the throttle knob;
  • the pilot pressure detecting port is configured to receive a pilot pressure signal detected by the pilot pressure sensor;
  • the processor is configured to issue when acquiring an excavator working gear a no-load speed control signal, and a target speed control signal is issued when the pilot pressure signal is further detected; wherein the idle speed control signal and the target speed control signal are used to drive the throttle operating mechanism to control the engine speed to be no-load Between the speed and the target speed.
  • the excavator speed-up control energy-saving system further includes: a throttle opening sensor, wherein a signal input end is connected to the throttle operating mechanism, and a signal output end is connected to the input end of the controller, and is configured to throttle The opening degree is fed back to the controller.
  • the excavator speed-up control energy-saving system further includes: a proportional solenoid valve and a rotation speed sensor; wherein the rotation speed sensor is connected between the engine and the controller, configured to measure the engine speed and transmit the rotation speed information to
  • the controller has an input end connected to the controller, and an output end connected to the engine through a main hydraulic pump of the engine; configured to be determined by the controller according to the rotational speed information transmitted by the rotational speed sensor
  • the current signal outputs a pressure signal that is used to control the real-time power of the main hydraulic pump not to exceed the real-time power of the engine.
  • the idle speed and the target speed are based on a power curve of the engine, a power curve of a main hydraulic pump, and an actual operation.
  • the test results in the determination are determined.
  • the invention can measure the gear signal given by the throttle knob or the pressure signal transmitted by the pilot pressure sensor by connecting the controller with the throttle knob and the pilot pressure sensor of the excavator; and the working gear transmitted by the controller according to the throttle knob
  • the load condition detected by the position and the pilot pressure sensor controls the opening and closing degree of the throttle through the throttle operating mechanism according to different levels, so that the engine operates at different speeds under the condition of pilot pressure and no pilot pressure.
  • the energy-saving system of the present invention realizes energy-saving control of the excavator during the speed-up process, avoiding engine power loss, and operating the engine and the main pump in the most economical state.
  • the efficiency of the large excavator and the fuel consumption can be reduced without adding auxiliary equipment.
  • the present invention also discloses an energy saving method for speed increase control of an excavator, which sends different levels of speed control signals according to the working gear transmitted by the throttle knob and the load condition detected by the pilot pressure sensor, the speed control The signal is used to drive the throttle control mechanism to control the opening of the throttle to allow the engine to operate at different levels of speed.
  • the different levels of speed control signals include a no-load speed control signal and a target speed control signal.
  • the method further comprises: after collecting the working gear of the excavator, issuing a no-load speed control signal to control the engine speed to rise to the idle speed; In the state of no-load speed, if the pilot pressure signal is further detected, the target speed control signal is issued to control the engine speed to rise to the target speed, so that the engine is decelerated from the target speed under the action of the load.
  • the engine is in an automatic idle-speed control state when the working gear of the excavator is not collected.
  • the idle speed and the target speed are based on an excavator engine power curve, a power curve of a main hydraulic pump, and an actual operation.
  • the test results in the determination are determined.
  • the invention emits different levels of speed control signals according to the working gear transmitted by the throttle knob and the load condition detected by the pilot pressure sensor, and the speed control signal is used for driving the throttle operating mechanism to control the opening degree of the throttle to make the engine at different levels.
  • the energy saving method of the present invention realizes energy saving control of the excavator during the speed increase process, avoids engine power loss, and operates the engine and the main pump in the most economical state. Moreover, the efficiency of the large excavator and the fuel consumption can be reduced without adding auxiliary equipment.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of a first embodiment of an excavator speed-up control energy-saving system of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of signal control of a first embodiment of an excavator speed-up control energy-saving system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of signal control of a second embodiment of an excavator speed-up control energy-saving system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of an excavator speed-up control energy-saving method according to the present invention
  • the excavator speed-up control energy-saving system of the present embodiment includes: a pilot pressure sensor 500, a controller 100, and a throttle operating mechanism 200.
  • the pilot pressure sensor 500 is configured to detect a pilot pressure signal of each action of the excavator;
  • the controller 100 is coupled to the throttle knob 600 and the pilot pressure sensor 500 of the excavator; configured to obtain the excavator working gear only through the throttle knob 600 If the pilot pressure signal is further detected, the target speed control signal is issued;
  • the throttle operating mechanism 200 is connected to the controller 100 and configured to be empty.
  • the load speed control signal or the target speed control signal controls the opening and closing of the throttle to control the speed of the engine 300 between the idle speed and the target speed.
  • the idle speed and the target speed are determined based on the power curve of the engine 300, the power curve of the engine 300 main hydraulic pump 800, and the test results in actual operation. Moreover, the method of determining the no-load speed and the target speed based on the power curve and the test result is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described too much herein.
  • the energy saving system may further be provided with a throttle opening sensor 400, the signal input end of which is connected to the throttle operating mechanism 200, and the signal output end thereof is connected to the input end of the controller 100, and is configured to open the throttle.
  • the degree of feedback is fed back to the controller 100.
  • the controller 100 can also be connected to a display screen to facilitate observation of the gear position signal, the pilot pressure signal, and the speed signal.
  • the gear signal given by the throttle knob or the pressure signal transmitted by the pilot pressure sensor can be measured; and, only the excavator working gear is detected.
  • a no-load speed control signal is issued; after the working gear is acquired, if the pilot pressure signal is further detected, a target speed control signal is issued.
  • the pressure throttle operating mechanism controls the engine speed according to different control signals.
  • the embodiment can prevent the engine from running at a high speed and consume excessive fuel when the excavator is not in operation, that is, the first step Excessive fuel consumption between one step and the second step.
  • the present embodiment realizes the energy-saving control of the excavator during the speed increase process, avoids the engine power loss, and makes the engine and the main pump operate in the most economical state. Moreover, the efficiency of the large excavator and the fuel consumption can be reduced without adding auxiliary equipment.
  • the rotational speed of the excavator is set to two states, i.e., the no-load rotational speed and the target rotational speed.
  • the excavation rotational speed level can be further refined. This application is not limited herein. Second embodiment of excavator speed control energy saving system
  • the excavator speed-up control energy-saving system of the present embodiment includes: a pilot pressure sensor 500, a controller 100, a throttle operating mechanism 200, a throttle opening sensor 400, a proportional solenoid valve 700, and a rotational speed sensor 900.
  • the pilot pressure sensor 500 is configured to detect a pilot pressure signal of each action of the excavator; the controller 100 is coupled to the throttle knob 600 and the pilot pressure sensor 500 of the excavator; configured to obtain the excavator working gear only through the throttle knob 600 If the pilot pressure signal is further detected, the target speed control signal is issued; the throttle operating mechanism 200 is connected to the controller 100 and configured to be empty.
  • the load speed control signal or the target speed control signal controls the opening and closing of the throttle to control the speed of the engine 300 between the idle speed and the target speed.
  • the controller 100 further includes a gear detection port, a pilot pressure detecting port, and a processor.
  • the gear detecting port is configured to receive the excavator working gear acquired by the throttle knob 600;
  • the pilot pressure detecting port is configured to receive the pilot pressure detected by the pilot pressure sensor 500 a force signal;
  • the processor is configured to issue a no-load speed control signal when acquiring the working gear of the excavator, and issue a target speed control signal when the pilot pressure signal is further detected; wherein, the idle speed control signal and the target speed control signal are used
  • the driving throttle operating mechanism 200 controls the rotational speed of the engine 300 to be between the no-load rotational speed and the target rotational speed.
  • the controller 100 can select a general engineering machinery controller, and can adopt a special programming program; each hydraulic pilot circuit is pre-installed with a pilot pressure sensor 500, and the controller 100 detects the gear position signal of the throttle knob 600 and the pilot pressure signal for the rotation speed. Control; The controller output directly drives the throttle mechanism to switch the engine speed between the no-load speed and the target speed.
  • the no-load speed and the target speed are determined based on the power curve of the engine 300, the power curve of the main hydraulic pump 800, and the test results in actual operation. Moreover, the method of determining the no-load speed and the target speed based on the power curve and the test result is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described too much herein.
  • the signal input end of the accelerator opening degree sensor 400 is connected to the throttle operating mechanism 200, and the signal output end of the accelerator opening degree sensor 400 is connected to the input end of the controller 100, and is configured to feed back the throttle opening degree to the controller 100.
  • the controller 100 can also be connected to a display screen to facilitate observation of the gear position signal, the pilot pressure signal, and the speed signal.
  • a rotational speed sensor 900 is coupled between the engine 300 and the controller 100 and is configured to measure the rotational speed of the engine 300 and communicate rotational speed information to the controller 100.
  • the input end of the proportional solenoid valve 700 is connected to the controller 100, and the output end is connected to the engine 300 through the main hydraulic pump 800, and is configured to output a pressure signal at a current signal determined by the controller 100 according to the rotational speed information transmitted by the rotational speed sensor 900. This pressure signal is used to control the real-time power of the main hydraulic pump 800 not to exceed the real-time power of the engine 300.
  • the gear signal given by the throttle knob or the pressure signal transmitted by the pilot pressure sensor can be measured; and, only the excavator working gear is detected.
  • a no-load speed control signal is issued; After the working gear is acquired, if the pilot pressure signal is further detected, the target speed control signal is issued. Then, the pressure throttle operating mechanism controls the engine speed according to different control signals.
  • the advantage of this design is that the excavator operates at a lower idle speed when the excavator is engaged but does not actually load, and once the pilot pressure is detected, The engine is controlled to rise from the no-load speed to the target speed, and then the engine is free to fall at the target speed as the starting point. That is to say, the speed of the excavator engine is divided into two steps: the first step is to first increase it to a lower speed; the second step, if there is a load, it will rise from a smaller speed to a comparison. High speed.
  • the embodiment can prevent the engine from running at a high speed and consume excessive fuel when the excavator is not in operation, that is, the first step Excessive fuel consumption between one step and the second step.
  • the excavator speed-up control energy-saving system of the embodiment realizes the energy-saving control of the excavator during the speed-up process, and further overcomes problems such as excessive fuel consumption of the engine, heat generation of the hydraulic system and deterioration of work performance to some extent.
  • the proportional solenoid valve 700 and the rotational speed sensor 900 are added to the present embodiment. Its role is:
  • the engine speed-proportional solenoid valve current matching relationship is further optimized by matching the engine power with the main hydraulic pump power. In this way, the working efficiency can be further improved and the working fuel consumption can be reduced;
  • this embodiment also has the function of preventing the engine from being turned off, because:
  • the speed of the excavator engine is raised from the no-load speed to the target speed, the excavator is added with the workload.
  • the engine will start at the target speed as the starting point of the speed drop and start to slow down. But in fact, the engine can't lose speed indefinitely, because when the speed of the engine is lowered too low, the power of the engine will slowly decrease.
  • the power of the engine is lower than the output power of the main hydraulic pump, the engine will be turned off. .
  • the rotational speed sensor 900 monitors the rotational speed of the engine in real time, and feeds the rotational speed of the engine to the controller 100.
  • the controller 100 outputs a pressure signal according to the current signal determined by the rotational speed information transmitted by the rotational speed sensor 900.
  • the pressure signal is used to control the real-time power of the main hydraulic pump 800 not to exceed the real-time power of the engine 300. Therefore, the engine of the excavator is effectively protected in this way.
  • the excavator using the EFI engine supplies oil to the high pressure common rail mode.
  • the engine controller directly adjusts the injection amount of the injector according to the load characteristics and torque variation, and the method of adjusting the output of the engine can replace the above technical solution.
  • the rotational speed of the excavator is set to two states, i.e., the no-load rotational speed and the target rotational speed.
  • the excavation rotational speed level can be further refined. This application is not limited herein. Optimized embodiment of excavator speed control energy saving method
  • the excavator speed-up control energy-saving method is: after collecting the working gear of the excavator, issuing a no-load speed control signal to control the engine speed to rise to the idle speed; when the engine is at the idle speed If the pilot pressure signal is further detected, a target speed control signal is issued to control the engine speed to rise to the target speed, so that the engine is decelerated from the target speed under the action of the load.
  • Step S501 determining whether the excavator collects the gear information?
  • step S502A is executed to enable the excavator to enter the automatic idle control
  • the no-load speed and the target speed can be determined according to the power curve of the engine, the power curve of the main hydraulic pump, and the test result in actual work.
  • the method of determining the no-load speed and the target speed based on the power curve and the test result is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described too much herein.
  • the excavator when the excavator is engaged, but the actual load is not present, the excavator operates at a lower idle speed, and once the pilot pressure is detected, the engine is controlled to rise from the no-load speed to the target speed. Then, the engine starts at the target speed and frees the speed. That is to say, the speed of the excavator engine is divided into two steps: the first step is to first increase it to a lower speed; the second step, if there is a load, it will rise from a smaller speed to a comparison. High speed. Obviously, compared with the prior art excavator one gear, the speed is raised to the target speed. It is obvious that the invention can avoid the engine running at a high speed and consume excessive fuel when the excavator is inactive, that is, Excessive fuel consumption between the first step and the second step.
  • the energy saving method of the present invention realizes the energy saving control of the excavator during the speed increasing process, avoids the engine power loss, and makes the engine and the main pump operate in the most economical state. Moreover, the efficiency of the large excavator and the fuel consumption can be reduced without adding auxiliary equipment.
  • the rotational speed of the excavator is set to two states, i.e., the no-load rotational speed and the target rotational speed.
  • the excavation rotational speed level can be further refined. This application is not limited herein.
  • the excavator speed-up control energy-saving system and method provided by the invention realizes the energy-saving control of the excavator in the speed increasing process, avoids the engine power loss, and makes the engine and the main pump operate in the most economic state. Moreover, the efficiency of the large excavator and the fuel consumption can be reduced without adding auxiliary equipment. Therefore, the present invention has industrial applicability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

一种挖掘机升速控制节能系统,包括:先导压力传感器(500),用于检测挖掘机各个动作的先导压力信号;控制器(100),与挖掘机的油门旋钮(600)和先导压力传感器(500)相连接;油门操纵机构(200),与控制器(100)相连接;其中,控制器(100)根据油门旋钮(600)传递的工作档位和先导压力传感器(500)检测的负载情况,按不同转速级别通过油门操纵机构(200)控制油门的开合度。还公开了一种挖掘机升速控制节能方法。

Description

挖掘机升速控制节能系统及方法 本申请要求于 2012 年 6 月 15 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201210201154.8、发明名称为"挖掘机升速控制节能系统及方法"的中国专利 申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请。 技术领域
本发明涉及工程机械领域, 特别涉及一种挖掘机升速控制节能系统及 方法。 背景技术
大型液压挖掘机是重要的工程机械, 具有挖掘力大、 生产效率高、 环 境适应强、 适应范围广等优点。
但是, 由于大型液压挖掘机作业工况复杂、 作业过程中负荷变化频繁、 变化范围大而存在着不少环节的能量损失。 例如, 在现有技术中, 挖掘机 挂挡后, 发动机转速将直接升至该挡位的目标转速, 当连接负载后, 才在 该目标转速的基础上自由掉速。 这样操作产生的问题是, 若挖掘机挂挡后 有一段时间没用工作负载, 将因发动机的高速转动耗费过多燃油, 进而引 起液压系统发热, 工作性能恶化等问题。
节能控制已经成为大型液压挖掘机的重点发展方向之一; 并且, 该需 求也成为提高市场竟争力的迫切要求。 发明内容
有鉴于此, 本发明提出一种挖掘机升速控制节能系统及方法, 以实现 挖掘机在升速过程中的节能控制。
第一方面, 本发明挖掘机升速控制节能系统包括先导压力传感器、 控 制器和油门操纵机构。 先导压力传感器配置为检测挖掘机各个动作的先导 压力信号; 控制器与挖掘机的油门旋钮和所述先导压力传感器相连接; 油 门操纵机构与所述控制器相连接; 其中, 所述控制器配置为根据油门旋钮 传递的工作挡位和所述先导压力传感器检测的负载情况, 按不同级别通过 油门操纵机构控制油门的开合度; 并且, 所述不同级别包括空载转速级别 和目标转速级别。
进一步地, 上述挖掘机升速控制节能系统中, 所述控制器进一步包括: 挡位检测端口、 先导压力检测端口和处理器。 挡位检测端口配置为接收所 述油门旋钮获取的挖掘机工作挡位; 先导压力检测端口配置为接收所述先 导压力传感器检测的先导压力信号; 处理器配置为在获取挖掘机工作挡位 时发出空载转速控制信号, 并在进一步检测到先导压力信号时发出目标转 速控制信号; 其中, 所述空载转速控制信号、 目标转速控制信号用于驱动 所述油门操纵机构控制发动机的转速处于空载转速和目标转速之间。
进一步地, 上述挖掘机升速控制节能系统还包括: 油门开度传感器, 其信号输入端与所述油门操纵机构相连接, 信号输出端与所述控制器的输 入端相连接, 配置为将油门开合度反馈至所述控制器。
进一步地, 上述挖掘机升速控制节能系统还包括: 比例电磁阀和转速 传感器; 其中, 所述转速传感器连接于所述发动机和控制器之间, 配置为 测量发动机的转速并将转速信息传递至所述控制器; 所述比例电磁阀的输 入端与所述控制器相连接, 输出端通过发动机的主液压泵与发动机相连接; 配置为在所述控制器根据转速传感器传递的转速信息所确定的电流信号输 出压力信号, 该压力信号用于控制主液压泵的实时功率不超过发动机的实 时功率。
进一步地, 上述挖掘机升速控制节能系统中, 所述空载转速和所述目 标转速根据所述发动机的功率曲线、 主液压泵的功率曲线、 以及实际工作 中的测试结果确定。
本发明通过将控制器与挖掘机的油门旋钮和先导压力传感器相连接, 可以测得油门旋钮给出的挡位信号或先导压力传感器传递的压力信号; 并 且, 控制器根据油门旋钮传递的工作挡位和先导压力传感器检测的负载情 况, 按不同级别通过油门操纵机构控制油门的开合度, 进而使发动机在有 先导压力和没有先导压力的情况下, 按照不同的转速进行运转。 通过这种 方式, 本发明的节能系统实现了挖掘机在升速过程中的节能控制, 避免了 发动机功率损失, 使发动机和主泵运行在最经济状态。 并且, 不用增加辅 助设备, 即可实现大型挖掘机效率提升和油耗降低。
第二方面, 本发明还公开了一种挖掘机升速控制节能方法, 该方法根 据油门旋钮传递的工作挡位和先导压力传感器检测的负载情况, 发出不同 级别的转速控制信号, 所述转速控制信号用于驱动油门操纵机构控制油门 的开合度, 以使发动机在不同级别的转速下运转。 其中, 所述不同级别的 转速控制信号包括空载转速控制信号和目标转速控制信号。
进一步地, 上述挖掘机升速控制节能方法中, 所述方法进一步为: 在 采集到挖掘机的工作挡位后, 发出空载转速控制信号, 以控制发动机的转 速升至空载转速; 在发动机处于空载转速的状态下, 若进一步检测到先导 压力信号, 则发出目标转速控制信号, 控制发动机的转速升至目标转速, 使发动机在负载的作用下, 发动机自所述目标转速掉速。
进一步地, 上述挖掘机升速控制节能方法中, 在没有采集到挖机的工 作挡位时, 发动机处于自动怠速控制状态。
进一步地, 上述挖掘机升速控制节能方法中, 在发动机处于空载转速 的状态下, 若没有检测到先导压力信号, 则使发动机保持空载转速。
进一步地, 上述挖掘机升速控制节能方法中, 所述空载转速和所述目 标转速根据挖掘机发动机功率曲线、 主液压泵的功率曲线、 以及实际工作 中的测试结果确定。
本发明根据油门旋钮传递的工作挡位和先导压力传感器检测的负载情 况, 发出不同级别的转速控制信号, 所述转速控制信号用于驱动油门操纵 机构控制油门的开合度, 以使发动机在不同级别的转速下运转。 因此, 本 发明的节能方法实现了挖掘机在升速过程中的节能控制, 避免了发动机功 率损失, 使发动机和主泵运行在最经济状态。 并且, 不用增加辅助设备, 即可实现大型挖掘机效率提升和油耗降低。 附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 本发明 的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明, 并不构成对本发明的不当限定。 在附图中:
图 1为本发明挖掘机升速控制节能系统第一实施例的结构框图; 图 2为本发明挖掘机升速控制节能系统第一实施例的信号控制示意图; 图 3为本发明挖掘机升速控制节能系统第二实施例的结构框图; 图 4为本发明挖掘机升速控制节能系统第二实施例的信号控制示意图; 图 5为本发明挖掘机升速控制节能方法优选实施例的步骤流程图。 具体实施方式 需要说明的是, 在不沖突的情况下, 本发明中的实施例及实施例中的 特征可以相互组合。 下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。 挖掘机升速控制节能系统第一实施例
参照图 1和图 2。
本实施例挖掘机升速控制节能系统包括: 先导压力传感器 500、控制器 100和油门操纵机构 200。 其中, 先导压力传感器 500配置为检测挖掘机各个动作的先导压力信 号; 控制器 100与挖掘机的油门旋钮 600和先导压力传感器 500相连接; 配置为仅在通过油门旋钮 600获取挖掘机工作挡位的情况下, 发出空载转 速控制信号; 并且, 在获取工作挡位后, 若进一步检测到先导压力信号, 则发出目标转速控制信号; 油门操纵机构 200与控制器 100相连接, 配置 为依据空载转速控制信号或目标转速控制信号控制油门的开合度, 以控制 发动机 300的转速处于空载转速和目标转速之间。
其中, 空载转速和目标转速根据所述发动机 300 的功率曲线、 发动机 300主液压泵 800的功率曲线, 以及, 实际工作中的测试结果确定。 并且, 根据功率曲线及测试结果确定空载转速及目标转速的方法, 对于本领域的 技术人员时习知的, 在此不再做过多说明。
优选地一种方式是, 节能系统还可以设置一个油门开度传感器 400, 其 信号输入端与油门操纵机构 200相连接, 其信号输出端与控制器 100的输 入端相连接, 配置为将油门开合度反馈至控制器 100。 并且, 控制器 100还 可以连接一个显示屏, 以方便挡位信号、 先导压力信号、 转速信号的观察。
本实施例通过将控制器与挖掘机的油门旋钮和先导压力传感器相连 接, 可以测得油门旋钮给出的挡位信号或先导压力传感器传递的压力信号; 并且, 在仅仅检测到挖掘机工作挡位的情况下, 发出空载转速控制信号; 在获取工作挡位后, 若进一步检测到先导压力信号, 则发出目标转速控制 信号。 而后, 压力油门操纵机构根据不同的控制信号, 控制发动机的转速。
这种设计的好处在于: 在挖掘机虽然挂挡, 但实际并没有负载的情况 下, 挖掘机以较低的空载转速运转, 而一旦检测到先导压力后, 则控制发 动机从空载转速上升至目标转速, 而后, 发动机再以目标转速为起点, 自 由掉速。 也就说, 挖掘机发动机的升速分为两步走: 第一步, 先将其升速 至一个较小的转速(空载转速); 第二步, 若有负载, 则从较小的转速升至 一个较高的转速(目标转速)。 显而易见, 相对于现有技术中的挖掘机一挂 挡, 就将转速升至目标转速的方案而言, 本实施例可以避免挖掘机无动作 时发动机运行在高速状态消耗过多燃油, 即, 第一步和第二步之间过多消 耗的燃油。
综上所述, 本实施例实现了挖掘机在升速过程中的节能控制, 避免发 动机功率损失, 使发动机和主泵运行在最经济状态。 并且, 不用增加辅助 设备, 即可实现大型挖掘机效率提升和油耗降低。
此外, 需要说明的是, 本实施例中, 挖掘机的转速定在两个状态, 即 空载转速和目标转速, 事实上, 若有需要, 可以进一步细化挖掘的转速级 别。 本申请在此不做限定。 挖掘机升速控制节能系统第二实施例
参照图 3和图 4。
本实施例挖掘机升速控制节能系统包括: 先导压力传感器 500、控制器 100、 油门操纵机构 200、 油门开度传感器 400、 比例电磁阀 700和转速传 感器 900。
其中, 先导压力传感器 500配置为检测挖掘机各个动作的先导压力信 号; 控制器 100与挖掘机的油门旋钮 600和先导压力传感器 500相连接; 配置为仅在通过油门旋钮 600获取挖掘机工作挡位的情况下, 发出空载转 速控制信号; 并且, 在获取工作挡位后, 若进一步检测到先导压力信号, 则发出目标转速控制信号; 油门操纵机构 200与控制器 100相连接, 配置 为依据空载转速控制信号或目标转速控制信号控制油门的开合度, 以控制 发动机 300的转速处于空载转速和目标转速之间。
具体而言, 控制器 100进一步包括挡位检测端口、 先导压力检测端口 和处理器。 其中, 挡位检测端口配置为接收油门旋钮 600获取的挖掘机工 作挡位; 先导压力检测端口配置为接收先导压力传感器 500检测的先导压 力信号; 处理器配置为在获取挖掘机工作挡位时发出空载转速控制信号, 并在进一步检测到先导压力信号时发出目标转速控制信号; 其中, 空载转 速控制信号、目标转速控制信号用于驱动油门操纵机构 200控制发动机 300 的转速处于空载转速和目标转速之间。
具体实施时, 控制器 100可以选用一般的工程机械控制器, 可以采用 专用编程程序; 各液压先导回路事先安装先导压力传感器 500, 控制器 100 检测油门旋钮 600 的挡位信号和先导压力信号进行转速控制; 控制器输出 直接驱动油门机构, 使发动机转速在空载转速和目标转速之间切换。
同第一实施例, 空载转速和目标转速根据发动机 300 的功率曲线、 主 液压泵 800 的功率曲线, 以及, 实际工作中的测试结果确定。 并且, 根据 功率曲线及测试结果确定空载转速及目标转速的方法, 对于本领域的技术 人员时习知的, 在此不再做过多说明。
油门开度传感器 400的信号输入端与油门操纵机构 200相连接, 油门 开度传感器 400的信号输出端与控制器 100的输入端相连接, 配置为将油 门开合度反馈至控制器 100。 并且, 控制器 100还可以连接一个显示屏, 以 方便挡位信号、 先导压力信号、 转速信号的观察。
转速传感器 900连接于发动机 300和控制器 100之间, 配置为测量发 动机 300的转速并将转速信息传递至控制器 100。比例电磁阀 700的输入端 与控制器 100相连接, 输出端通过主液压泵 800与发动机 300相连接, 配 置为在控制器 100根据转速传感器 900传递的转速信息所确定的电流信号 输出压力信号, 该压力信号用于控制主液压泵 800 的实时功率不超过发动 机 300的实时功率。
本实施例通过将控制器与挖掘机的油门旋钮和先导压力传感器相连 接, 可以测得油门旋钮给出的挡位信号或先导压力传感器传递的压力信号; 并且, 在仅仅检测到挖掘机工作挡位的情况下, 发出空载转速控制信号; 在获取工作挡位后, 若进一步检测到先导压力信号, 则发出目标转速控制 信号。 而后, 压力油门操纵机构根据不同的控制信号, 控制发动机的转速。
如上一实施例所说明, 这种设计的好处在于: 在挖掘机虽然挂挡, 但 实际并没有负载的情况下, 挖掘机以较低的空载转速运转, 而一旦检测到 先导压力后, 则控制发动机从空载转速上升至目标转速, 而后, 发动机再 以目标转速为起点, 自由掉速。 也就说, 挖掘机发动机的升速分为两步走: 第一步, 先将其升速至一个较小的转速; 第二步, 若有负载, 则从较小的 转速升至一个较高的转速。 显而易见, 相对于现有技术中的挖掘机一挂挡, 就将转速升至目标转速的方案而言, 本实施例可以避免挖掘机无动作时发 动机运行在高速状态消耗过多燃油, 即, 第一步和第二步之间过多消耗的 燃油。
因此, 本实施例挖掘机升速控制节能系统实现了挖掘机在升速过程中 的节能控制, 进而在一定程度克服发动机的油耗多, 液压系统发热和工作 性能恶化等问题。
并且, 相对于第一实施例, 本实施例增加了比例电磁阀 700和转速传 感器 900。 其作用是:
第一、 最为重要的, 通过发动机功率和主液压泵功率的匹配, 进一步 优化发动机转速-比例电磁阀电流匹配关系, 通过这种方式, 可以进一步提 升工作效率, 降低工作油耗;
第二、 除了上面所提到的技术效果外, 本实施例还具有防止发动机熄 火的功能, 这是因为: 当挖掘机发动机的转速从空载转速升至目标转速后, 挖掘机因添加工作负载的缘故, 油门开度虽然不变, 但发动机会以目标转 速为掉速起点, 开始掉速。 但事实上是, 发动机不能无限的掉速, 因为, 当发动机的速度降低的过低时, 发动机的功率会慢慢降低, 当发动机的功 率低于主液压泵的输出功率时, 会导致发动机熄火。 因此, 为了避免这个 问题的出现, 本实施例中通过转速传感器 900 实时监控发动机的转速, 并 将发动机的转速反馈至控制器 100,控制器 100根据转速传感器 900传递的 转速信息所确定的电流信号输出压力信号, 该压力信号用于控制主液压泵 800的实时功率不超过发动机 300的实时功率。 因此, 通过这种方式有效的 保护了挖掘机的发动机。
此外, 使用电喷发动机的挖掘机, 因发动机为高压共轨方式供油, 发 动机控制器根据负载特性及扭矩变化, 直接调节喷油嘴的喷射量, 调节发 动机输出的方式可以替代上述技术方案。
此外, 需要说明的是, 本实施例中, 挖掘机的转速定在两个状态, 即 空载转速和目标转速, 事实上, 若有需要, 可以进一步细化挖掘的转速级 别。 本申请在此不做限定。 挖掘机升速控制节能方法优选实施例
本实施例挖掘机升速控制节能方法为, 在采集到挖掘机的工作挡位后, 发出空载转速控制信号, 以控制发动机的转速升至空载转速; 在发动机处 于空载转速的状态下, 若进一步检测到先导压力信号, 则发出目标转速控 制信号, 控制发动机的转速升至目标转速, 使发动机在负载的作用下, 发 动机自所述目标转速掉速。
参照图 5 , 具体来说, 包括如下步骤:
步骤 S501 , 判断挖掘机是否采集到挂挡信息?
若否, 则执行步骤 S502A, 使挖掘机进入自动怠速控制;
若是, 则执行:
S502B , 将油门拉至对应挡位的空载转速位置;
S503B , 判断是否检测到先导压力信号?
若否, 则保持当前挡位油门位置;
若是, 则, 执行: S504B, 通过油门机构调整发动机到预定的目标转速;
S505B, 在目标转速下, 进行发动机转速和主泵功率的 PID (比例-积 分-微分)调节。
需要说明的是, 空载转速和目标转速可以根据所述发动机的功率曲线、 主液压泵的功率曲线, 以及, 实际工作中的测试结果确定。 并且, 根据功 率曲线及测试结果确定空载转速及目标转速的方法, 对于本领域的技术人 员时习知的, 在此不再做过多说明。
本实施例在挖掘机虽然挂挡, 但实际并没有负载的情况下, 挖掘机以 较低的空载转速运转, 而一旦检测到先导压力后, 则控制发动机从空载转 速上升至目标转速, 而后, 发动机再以目标转速为起点, 自由掉速。 也就 说, 挖掘机发动机的升速分为两步走: 第一步, 先将其升速至一个较小的 转速; 第二步, 若有负载, 则从较小的转速升至一个较高的转速。 显而易 见, 相对于现有技术中的挖掘机一挂挡, 就将转速升至目标转速的方案而 言, 显而易见, 本发明可以避免挖掘机无动作时发动机运行在高速状态消 耗过多燃油, 即, 第一步和第二步之间过多消耗的燃油。
综上所述, 本发明的节能方法实现了挖掘机在升速过程中的节能控制, 避免了发动机功率损失, 使发动机和主泵运行在最经济状态。 并且, 不用 增加辅助设备, 即可实现大型挖掘机效率提升和油耗降低。
此外, 需要说明的是, 本实施例中, 挖掘机的转速定在两个状态, 即 空载转速和目标转速, 事实上, 若有需要, 可以进一步细化挖掘的转速级 别。 本申请在此不做限定。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡在 本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包 含在本发明的保护范围之内。
工业实用性 本发明提供的挖掘机升速控制节能系统及方法, 实现了挖掘机在升速 过程中的节能控制, 避免了发动机功率损失, 使发动机和主泵运行在最经 济状态。 并且, 不用增加辅助设备, 即可实现大型挖掘机效率提升和油耗 降低。 因此, 本发明具有工业实用性。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种挖掘机升速控制节能系统, 其特征在于, 包括:
先导压力传感器(500 ), 配置为检测挖掘机各个动作的先导压力信号; 控制器( 100 ) ,与挖掘机的油门旋钮( 600 )和所述先导压力传感器( 500 ) 相连接;
油门操纵机构 (200 ), 与所述控制器(100 )相连接;
其中, 所述控制器(100 ) 配置为根据油门旋钮(600 )传递的工作挡 位和所述先导压力传感器(500 )检测的负载情况, 按不同级别通过油门操 纵机构 (200 )控制油门的开合度; 并且
所述不同级别包括空载转速级别和目标转速级别。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的挖掘机升速控制节能系统, 其特征在于, 所 述控制器(100 )进一步包括:
挡位检测端口, 配置为接收所述油门旋钮 ( 600 )获取的挖掘机工作挡 位;
先导压力检测端口, 配置为接收所述先导压力传感器(500 )检测的先 导压力信号;
处理器, 配置为在获取挖掘机工作挡位时发出空载转速控制信号, 并 在进一步检测到先导压力信号时发出目标转速控制信号;
其中, 所述空载转速控制信号、 目标转速控制信号用于驱动所述油门 操纵机构 ( 200 )控制发动机( 300 ) 的转速处于空载转速和目标转速之间。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的挖掘机升速控制节能系统, 其特征在于, 还 包括:
油门开度传感器(400 ), 其信号输入端与所述油门操纵机构 (200 )相 连接, 信号输出端与所述控制器(100 ) 的输入端相连接, 配置为将油门开 合度反馈至所述控制器( 100 )。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的挖掘机升速控制节能系统, 其特征在于, 还 包括:
比例电磁阀 (700)和转速传感器(900); 其中
所述转速传感器(900)连接于所述发动机(300)和控制器(100)之 间,配置为测量发动机( 300 )的转速并将转速信息传递至所述控制器( 100 ); 所述比例电磁阀 (700) 的输入端与所述控制器(100)相连接, 输出 端通过发动机( 300) 的主液压泵( 800)与发动机(300)相连接; 配置为 在所述控制器(100)根据转速传感器(900)传递的转速信息所确定的电 流信号输出压力信号, 该压力信号用于控制主液压泵( 800) 的实时功率不 超过发动机(300) 的实时功率。
5、 根据权利要求 1至 4中任一项所述的挖掘机升速控制节能系统, 其 特征在于,
所述空载转速和所述目标转速根据所述发动机( 300) 的功率曲线、 主 液压泵(800) 的功率曲线、 以及实际工作中的测试结果确定。
6、 一种挖掘机升速控制节能方法, 其特征在于,
根据油门旋钮传递的工作挡位和先导压力传感器检测的负载情况, 发 出不同级别的转速控制信号, 所述转速控制信号用于驱动油门操纵机构控 制油门的开合度, 以使发动机在不同级别的转速下运转; 其中
所述不同级别的转速控制信号包括空载转速控制信号和目标转速控制 信号。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的挖掘机升速控制节能方法, 其特征在于, 所 述方法进一步为:
在采集到挖掘机的工作挡位后, 发出空载转速控制信号, 以控制发动 机的转速升至空载转速;
在发动机处于空载转速的状态下, 若进一步检测到先导压力信号, 则 发出目标转速控制信号, 控制发动机的转速升至目标转速, 使发动机在负 载的作用下, 发动机自所述目标转速掉速。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的挖掘机升速控制节能方法, 其特征在于, 在没有采集到挖掘机的工作挡位时, 发动机处于自动怠速控制状态。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的挖掘机升速控制节能方法, 其特征在于, 在发动机处于空载转速的状态下, 若没有检测到先导压力信号, 则使 发动机保持空载转速。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的挖掘机升速控制节能方法, 其特征在于, 所述空载转速和所述目标转速根据挖掘机发动机功率曲线、 主液压泵 的功率曲线、 以及实际工作中的测试结果确定。
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