Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
  • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
  • H01H47/004—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits using plural redundant serial connected relay operated contacts in controlled circuit
  • H01H47/005—Safety control circuits therefor, e.g. chain of relays mutually monitoring each other
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
  • G01R31/40—Testing power supplies
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
  • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
• • H02J3/383—
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
  • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
  • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
  • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
  • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
  • H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
  • G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
  • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
  • G01R31/40—Testing power supplies
  • G01R31/42—AC power supplies
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
  • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for testing a separation point of a photovoltaic inverter to a Energyver ⁇ supply network with multiple phases and a neutral conductor, wherein a plurality of switching contacts of the separation point are controlled by the photovoltaic alternation ⁇ judge.
• the invention relates to a photovoltaic inverter for converting a DC voltage into an AC voltage having a plurality of phases and a neutral conductor and for feeding the AC voltage in a power supply network with a plurality of phases and a neutral conductor, with a separation point of several relays with multiple switching contacts for galvanic isolation to the Phases and the neutral conductor of the power supply network.
• an arrangement of one relay pair per phase is used as a separation point between the photovoltaic inverter and the power grid to achieve a secure separation from the power grid.
• compliance with relevant standards and regulations is required.
• E DIN VDE 0128 a disconnection point from two independent of ⁇ devices for network monitoring with associated switches in series prescribed.
• the object of the present invention is to provide an above-mentioned method and a photovoltaic Ich ⁇ judge, with which the functionality of the separation point without additional component costs can be checked quickly and easily.
• the separation point should also be as space-saving and cheap as possible.
• This object is achieved in procedural terms, characterized in that the switching contacts of the separation point are gradually switched and tested by a switching pattern by measured at each step, the voltages on at least one phase with respect to the neutral before and after the separation point and compared with each other, from which Functionality of the switching contacts is derived. It is achieved in an advantageous Wei ⁇ se to check the functionality of each switch contact - even with two- and multi-pole relay -.
• the separation point does not necessarily have to be integrated in the photovoltaic inverter, which means that the size of the photovoltaic inverter does not have to be changed. It may be ⁇ example, a separation point in the photovoltaic inverter and a second separation point to be arranged externally. In this case, a corresponding communication between the separation points, so that the voltages can be transmitted. Accordingly, the separation points are also crossed out.
• the voltages at each phase relative to the neutral conductor are measured before and after the separation point, respectively.
• the voltages of the at least one corresponding phase are compared with the neutral conductor as a function of the switching pattern.
• the voltages required for the voltage measurement can be provided by the power grid or by the photovoltaic inverter.
• the measured voltages before and after the separation point are processed by two independent controllers, which control over one
• the switching pattern is achieved by gradually changing the switching con- implemented the timing of a switching state in another switching state of the separation point, in each of the switching states or the change of the switching states each of the functionality of the individual switching contacts of the separation point is derived.
• the object of the invention is also achieved by an above-mentioned photovoltaic inverter, wherein the separation point consists of four relays, each with at least one switching contact, wherein for each connection of the phases and the neutral je ⁇ Weil two switching contacts of two independently switchable relay with each other in series are switched.
• two independent controllers are provided for processing the measured voltages of the phases with respect to the neutral conductor before and after the separation point, which controllers are connected to one another via a data bus.
• a controller having two relays on the input side of the disconnection point is connected to
• Control of the switching contacts of these relays and for processing the voltages measured before the disconnection point and the second independent controller with two relays connected on the output side of the disconnection point for controlling the switching contacts of these relays and for processing the voltages measured after the disconnection point.
• At least one phase before the separation point and at least one phase after the separation point is crossed out.
• Figure 1 is a schematic overview of a change judge ⁇ a photovoltaic system.
• FIG. 2 shows a structure of a separation point between a photovoltaic inverter and a power supply network with four two-pole relays as a switch;
• Fig. 3 is a table with the switching pattern for the test of
• FIG. 4 shows an alternative construction of a separation point between a photovoltaic inverter and a power supply network with two three-pole relays and two single-pole relays;
• Fig. 5 is a table with the switching pattern for the test of
• FIG. 1 shows a structure of a known photovoltaic inverter 1, in detail of an HF inverter. Since the individual components or assemblies and functions of photovoltaic inverters 1 are already known from the prior art, this is not referred to in detail is ⁇ addressed.
• the photovoltaic inverter 1 has at least one input DC-DC converter 2, an intermediate circuit 3 and an output DC-AC converter 4.
• a power source 5 or a power generator is connected, which are preferably formed from one or more parallel and / or series-connected solar modules 6.
• the photovoltaic inverter 1 and the solar modules 6 are also referred to as a photovoltaic system or as a PV system.
• the output of the photovoltaic inverter 1 or of the output DC-AC converter 4 can be connected to a power supply network 7, such as a public or private alternating voltage network or a multi-phase network, and / or with at least one electrical consumer 8, which has a Load represents, be connected.
• Example ⁇ as forming a load 8 by a motor, refrigerator, radio and so on.
• the consumer 8 also a Represent domestic care.
• the individual components of the photovoltaic inverter 1, such as the input DC-DC converter 2, etc., can be connected to a control device 10 via a data bus 9.
• such a photovoltaic inverter 1 serves as a so-called grid-connected photovoltaic inverter 1, whose energy management is then optimized to feed as much energy into the power grid 7.
• the consumers 8 are supplied via the supply network 7.
• several parallel-connected photovoltaic inverters 1 can be set ⁇ . This can give more energy to the operation of the
• This energy is supplied by the power source 5 in the form of a DC voltage, which is connected via two connecting lines 11, 12 with the photovoltaic inverter 1.
• the controller 10 or the controller of the photovoltaic inverter 1 is formed for example by a microprocessor, microcontroller or computer. Via the control device 10, a corresponding control of the individual components of the photovoltaic inverter 1, such as the input DC-DC converter ⁇ wall 2 or the output DC-AC converter 4, in particular the switching elements arranged therein, are made. In the control device 10 for this purpose, the individual control or Steuerab ⁇ runs are stored by appropriate software programs and / or data or characteristics.
• control elements 13 are connected to the control device 10, by means of which the user can, for example, configure the photovoltaic inverter 1 and / or display operating states or parameters (for example by means of light-emitting diodes) and set them.
• the controls 13 are example ⁇ way via the data bus 9 or directly connected to the control device 10.
• Such controls 13 are arranged for example on a front of the photovoltaic inverter 1, so ⁇ an operation from the outside is possible.
• the operating elements 13 can also be arranged directly on assemblies and / or modules within the photovoltaic inverter 1.
• the separation point 14 between the Photovol ⁇ taik inverter 1 and the power grid 7 four two-pole relay 18, 19, 20 and 21.
• Each of these relays 18-21 has a control coil and two switching contacts connected thereto .
• the inventive separation point 14 of these relays 18-21 as shown in FIG. 2 results for each line between the photovoltaic inverter 1 and the supply network 7, a series connection of two, each independently controllable switch contacts.
• the terminal 22 of the phase LI on the side of the photo ⁇ voltaic inverter 1 is connected via the first contacts of the relay 18 and 20 to the terminal 26 of the phase LI of the energy ⁇ supply network 7.
• the terminal 23 of the phase L2 on the side of the photovoltaic inverter 1 is supplied via the ers ⁇ th contact of the relay 19 and the second contact of the relay 20 with the terminal 27 of phase L2 of the supply network 7 ver ⁇ prevented.
• the terminal 24 of the phase L3 on the side of the photo ⁇ voltaic inverter 1 is connected via the second contact of the relay 18 and the first contact of the relay 21 to the terminal 28 of the phase L3 of the power supply network 7.
• the connection 25 of the neutral conductor ⁇ on the side of the photovoltaic inverter 1 is connected via the second contact of the relay 19 and the second contact of the relay 21 to the terminal 29 of the neutral conductor of the power supply network 7.
• Analog / digital converter can be carried out, which carries out the measurement of the voltages at the individual phases LI, L2, L3 with respect to the neutral conductor N.
• the individual switching contacts of the separation point 14 via measurement of the voltages 30, 31 and 32 between the phases LI, L2 and L3 and the neutral conductor N before the separation point 14 and measuring the voltages 33, 34 and 35 between the phases LI, L2 and L3 and the neutral conductor N after the separation point 14 and a comparison of these voltages 30-35 are checked.
• the voltages are provided either via the power supply network 7, or in the case of an island inverter from the photovoltaic inverter 1.
• the measurement voltage thus corresponds to the phase voltage.
• the measurements of the voltages 30, 31, 32 are made before the separation point 14 at the respective terminals 22, 23, 24 of the phases LI, L2, L3 opposite the terminal 25 of the neutral conductor N on the side of the photovoltaic inverter 1.
• the measurements of the voltages 33, 34, 35 take place after the separation point 14 at the respective terminals 26, 27, 28 of the phases LI, L2, L3 with respect to the terminal 29 of the neutral conductor N on the side of
• the measured voltages 30, 31, 32 and 33, 34, 35 before and after the separation point 14 are processed by two independent controllers 15 and 16, which can communicate with each other via a data bus 17.
• controllers 15, 16 also two of the four relays 18-21 are controlled.
• the inventive method for testing the individual switching contacts of the relay 18-21 is realized for example by a ent ⁇ speaking software.
• To perform the test of the individual switching contacts of the separation point 14, may Example ⁇ switching pattern shown in the example 3 of the table according to Fig. In combination with the evaluation table used therein illustrated. If the corresponding measurement result according to the evaluation table is fulfilled in the respective switching state, the Functionality of the switching contacts of the separation point 14 given.
• This comparison is carried out by the controllers 15, 16, wherein in each case the voltages of the same phase LI, L2, L3 are compared with one another. Accordingly, a voltage value is always applied to one side of the separation point 14. On which side the clamping ⁇ voltage applied depends on whether the voltage is provided for the measurement of the power supply system 7 or by the photovoltaic inverter 1 is available. On the other side of the separation point 14, a voltage value is measured only when the corresponding relay 18-21 are connected. By this measuring method or test method can be determined whether all the switching contacts of the separation point 14 can be closed and opened again. In addition to the below-described switching states S1-S9, which are relevant to the examination of the individual switching contacts of the relays 18-21, five white ⁇ tere switching conditions occurring during the change of switching states S1-S9 needed.
• relay 20 is opened and relay 21 is closed.
• Müs ⁇ sen be equal to the voltages 32 and 35th If this is not the case, the first switching contact of the relay 21 could not be cor ⁇ rectly closed.
• the remaining voltages do not have to be compared in this switching state S5, as this means that no additional statements can be made about the functionality of the switching contacts.
• relay 21 is opened. In this switching state whether the Spannun ⁇ gen 32 and 35 are not equal is checked. If these two voltages 32 and 35 are the same, it can be concluded that an adhesive first switching contact of relay 21, since at an opening of this switch contact, the voltages would have to be unequal. From the remaining voltage measurements no further relevant information can be obtained in this switching state S6.
• the relay 21 In order to change to the next switching state S7, the relay 21 is closed and the relay 19 is opened. In this GmbHzu ⁇ state is checked whether the voltages 32 and 35 are unequal. If not so bonded the second switching contact of Re ⁇ relay 19, since through this for one of the two measurements (which depends, is which side of the separation point 14 supplied with the voltage) switched off the voltages at the terminals 25 or 29 would have to be. The correct closing of the second switching contact of the relay 19 and the second switching contact of the relay 21 has already been checked by ensuring the equality of the voltage 32 and 35 in the switching state S5. The other voltages are relevant in this switching state S5 for no further test.
• the relays 19 and 20 are closed.
• this switching state is checked whether the voltages 31 and 34 are the same. If this is not the case, it can be concluded that the first switching ⁇ contact of the relay 19 has not been closed correctly. This statement can be made because the second switching contact of the relay 21 in the switching state S4 and the second Druckkon ⁇ clock of the relay 20 has already been tested in the switching state S3 and thus sticking to the condition of the first switching contact of the relay 19 in case of non-compliance. The other voltages bring in this switching state S8 no further information.
• the relay 19 is opened.
• the voltage scarf 31 must be un ⁇ with the voltage 34th If not, then glued the first switching contact of the relay 19. This statement can be ge ⁇ dripped because the correct function of the second switch contact of the relay 19 is already in the switching state and the S8
• the voltages of all phases 30-35 Ll- L3 are measured in each switching state always, must match with the voltages in accordance with the off ⁇ value table for testing the functionality of the switch contacts.
• the separation point 14 with two three poli ⁇ associated relays 18 and 20 and two single-pole relay 19 and 21 are reali ⁇ Siert, as shown in Fig. 4.
• Separating point 14 on adhesive switching contacts takes place here just ⁇ if by comparison of the measured voltages 30, 31, 32 and 33, 34, 35 before and after the separation point 14.
• a switching pattern is also passed through this circuit variant whose states in the table shown in FIG 5 are shown.
• the change from one switching state to the next takes place by stepwise switching of at least one of the relays 18-21, wherein the driving to the circuit can be performed by the controllers 15, 16.
• This variant of the test method starts in the initial state Sl_l.
• the relays 19, 20 and 21 are closed and the relay 18 is opened.
• the clamping voltages must ⁇ 30 and 33 may be unequal. If this is not the case, then the first switching contact of the relay 18 sticks.
• the voltages 31 and 34 must be unequal. If this is not the case, then sticks the third switching contact of the relay 18.
• the voltages must be 32 and 35 unequal. If this is not the case, then the second switching contact of the relay 18 sticks.
• the voltages 30 and 33 must be unequal. If this is not the case, then the first switching contact of the relay 20 sticks. In addition, the voltages 31 and 34 must be unequal. If this is not the case, the second switch contact of the Re ⁇ relay 20. Furthermore glues the voltages must be equal to 32 and 35th If this is not the case, the third switch contact of the relay 20 sticks.
• the voltages 30 and 33 must be unequal. If this is not the case, then the first switching contact of the relay 19 sticks. In addition, the voltages 31 and 34 and the voltages 32 and 35 must be unequal. These statements can be made because the terminal 25 before the separation point 14 from the terminal 29 to the separation point 14 by the relay 19 to be interrupted got to. Thus, all voltages 30-32 at the input of the separation point 14 must be different from the voltages 33-35 at the output of the separation point 14.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Inverter Devices (AREA)
• Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
• Relay Circuits (AREA)
• Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
• Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

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• 2012
  • 2012-06-13 AT ATA50232/2012A patent/AT512983B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2013
  • 2013-06-11 JP JP2015507298A patent/JP5926857B2/ja active Active
  • 2013-06-11 US US14/395,184 patent/US9494659B2/en active Active
  • 2013-06-11 IN IN7526DEN2014 patent/IN2014DN07526A/en unknown
  • 2013-06-11 CN CN201380029489.9A patent/CN104364869B/zh active Active
  • 2013-06-11 WO PCT/AT2013/050118 patent/WO2013185160A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2013-06-11 EP EP13731259.1A patent/EP2837012B1/de active Active

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