WO2013179990A1 - 静電容量型センサ、音響センサ及びマイクロフォン - Google Patents
静電容量型センサ、音響センサ及びマイクロフォン Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013179990A1 WO2013179990A1 PCT/JP2013/064288 JP2013064288W WO2013179990A1 WO 2013179990 A1 WO2013179990 A1 WO 2013179990A1 JP 2013064288 W JP2013064288 W JP 2013064288W WO 2013179990 A1 WO2013179990 A1 WO 2013179990A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R23/00—Transducers other than those covered by groups H04R9/00 - H04R21/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
- G01R27/2605—Measuring capacitance
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
- H04R19/005—Electrostatic transducers using semiconductor materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
- H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
- H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
- H04R7/06—Plane diaphragms comprising a plurality of sections or layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
- H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/481—Disposition
- H01L2224/48135—Connecting between different semiconductor or solid-state bodies, i.e. chip-to-chip
- H01L2224/48137—Connecting between different semiconductor or solid-state bodies, i.e. chip-to-chip the bodies being arranged next to each other, e.g. on a common substrate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/15—Details of package parts other than the semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/151—Die mounting substrate
- H01L2924/1515—Shape
- H01L2924/15151—Shape the die mounting substrate comprising an aperture, e.g. for underfilling, outgassing, window type wire connections
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/15—Details of package parts other than the semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
- H01L2924/161—Cap
- H01L2924/1615—Shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
- H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only
- H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2201/003—Mems transducers or their use
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a capacitive sensor, an acoustic sensor, and a microphone. More specifically, the present invention relates to a capacitive sensor configured by a capacitor structure including a vibrating electrode plate (diaphragm) and a fixed electrode plate. The present invention also relates to an acoustic sensor (acoustic transducer) that converts an acoustic vibration into an electrical signal and outputs the electrical signal, and a microphone using the acoustic sensor. In particular, the present invention relates to a micro-size capacitive sensor and an acoustic sensor manufactured using MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) technology.
- MEMS Micro Electro Mechanical System
- Electret condenser microphones have been widely used so far as small microphones mounted on mobile phones and the like.
- electret condenser microphones are vulnerable to heat, and are inferior to MEMS microphones in terms of compatibility with digitalization, miniaturization, high functionality / multifunction, and power saving. Therefore, at present, MEMS microphones are becoming popular.
- the MEMS microphone includes an acoustic sensor (acoustic transducer) that detects acoustic vibration and converts it into an electrical signal (detection signal), a drive circuit that applies a voltage to the acoustic sensor, and amplification of the detection signal from the acoustic sensor. And a signal processing circuit that performs signal processing and outputs the signal to the outside.
- the acoustic sensor used for the MEMS microphone is a capacitance type acoustic sensor manufactured by using MEMS technology. Further, the drive circuit and the signal processing circuit are integrally manufactured as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) using semiconductor manufacturing technology.
- ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
- the maximum input sound pressure of a microphone is limited by the harmonic distortion rate (Total Harmonic Distortion). This is because if a microphone with a high sound pressure is detected, harmonic distortion is generated in the output signal, and sound quality and accuracy are impaired. Therefore, if the harmonic distortion rate can be reduced, the maximum input sound pressure can be increased to widen the detected sound pressure range (hereinafter referred to as the dynamic range) of the microphone.
- the harmonic distortion rate Total Harmonic Distortion
- a microphone using a plurality of acoustic sensors having different detection sensitivities has been studied as a method for realizing a microphone having a wide dynamic range.
- An example of such a microphone is disclosed in Patent Documents 1-4.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose a microphone in which a plurality of acoustic sensors are provided and a plurality of signals from the plurality of acoustic sensors are switched or fused according to sound pressure.
- a microphone for example, a high-sensitivity acoustic sensor with a detectable sound pressure level (SPL) of about 30 dB-115 dB and a low-sensitivity acoustic sensor with a detectable sound pressure level of about 60 dB-140 dB are provided.
- SPL detectable sound pressure level
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 disclose a single chip in which a plurality of independent acoustic sensors are formed.
- FIG. 1A shows the relationship between the harmonic distortion rate and the sound pressure in the highly sensitive acoustic sensor of Patent Document 1.
- FIG. 1B shows the relationship between the harmonic distortion rate and the sound pressure in the low-sensitivity acoustic sensor of Patent Document 1.
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the average displacement amount of the diaphragm and the sound pressure in the high-sensitivity acoustic sensor and the low-sensitivity acoustic sensor disclosed in Patent Document 1. Now, if the allowable harmonic distortion rate is 20%, the maximum detected sound pressure of the highly sensitive acoustic sensor is about 115 dB.
- the minimum detected sound pressure is about 30 dB. Accordingly, the dynamic range of the highly sensitive acoustic sensor is about 30 dB to 115 dB as shown in FIG. 1A. Similarly, if the allowable harmonic distortion rate is 20%, the maximum detected sound pressure of the low-sensitivity acoustic sensor is about 140 dB.
- the low-sensitivity acoustic sensor has a smaller diaphragm area than the high-sensitivity acoustic sensor, and the average displacement amount of the diaphragm is smaller than that of the high-sensitivity acoustic sensor as shown in FIG.
- the minimum detected sound pressure of the low sensitivity acoustic sensor is larger than that of the high sensitivity acoustic sensor, and is about 60 dB.
- the dynamic range of the low-sensitivity acoustic sensor is about 60 dB-140 dB as shown in FIG. 1B.
- a plurality of acoustic sensors are integrally formed on one chip (substrate) even when the plurality of acoustic sensors are formed on separate chips. Even in such a case, each acoustic sensor has a capacitor structure independent of each other. Therefore, in these microphones, variation and mismatching occur in acoustic characteristics.
- the variation in acoustic characteristics refers to a deviation in acoustic characteristics between acoustic sensors between chips.
- the mismatching of acoustic characteristics refers to a deviation in acoustic characteristics between a plurality of acoustic sensors in the same chip.
- the present invention has been made in view of the technical problems as described above.
- the object of the present invention is to integrally form a plurality of sensing units having different sensitivities so that the dynamic range is wide and the sensing units are It is another object of the present invention to provide a capacitive sensor and an acoustic sensor with small mismatching and high impact resistance.
- a first capacitive sensor includes a vibrating electrode plate formed above a substrate, a back plate formed above the substrate so as to cover the vibrating electrode plate, and the vibrating electrode
- a capacitive sensor comprising a fixed electrode plate provided on the back plate so as to face the plate, at least one of the vibration electrode plate and the fixed electrode plate is divided into a plurality of regions, and divided Sensing units each including the vibrating electrode plate and the fixed electrode plate are formed for each of the regions, and a plurality of signals with different sensitivities are output from the plurality of sensing units, and at least some of the sensing units are sensing
- the portion of the sensing electrode is different from the area of the vibrating electrode plate in the other sensing unit, and the part of the sensing electrode has a smaller area of the vibrating electrode plate.
- Sensing unit, the rigidity of the back plate in the region, characterized in that is higher than the rigidity of the back plate in the other sensing unit is a large area of the vibrating electrode plate.
- the first capacitive sensor of the present invention since at least one of the vibrating electrode plate and the fixed electrode plate is divided, a plurality of sensing units (variable capacitor structure) are provided between the vibrating electrode plate and the fixed electrode plate. Is formed. Therefore, an electric signal can be output from each of the divided sensing units, and a pressure change such as acoustic vibration can be converted into a plurality of electric signals and output.
- a capacitance type sensor for example, by changing the area for each vibrating electrode plate of each sensing unit, the sensing area and sensitivity of each sensing unit can be varied, and signals can be switched or combined. By doing so, the detection area of the capacitive sensor can be expanded without reducing the sensitivity.
- each sensing unit can be formed by dividing the vibrating electrode plate or the fixed electrode plate, each sensing unit is separately manufactured and compared to the conventional technology having a plurality of sensing units independent from each other. The characteristic variation between parts is reduced. As a result, it is possible to reduce the characteristic variation caused by the difference in detection sensitivity between the sensing units. In addition, since each sensing unit shares the vibration electrode plate and the fixed electrode plate, mismatching related to characteristics such as frequency characteristics and phase can be suppressed.
- the area of the vibrating electrode plate of some sensing units is made different from the area of the vibrating electrode plate of other sensing units.
- a capacitive impact sensor is subjected to a drop impact or the like and the vibrating electrode plate deforms and collides with the back plate, if the rigidity of the back plate is low, the back plate deforms due to the collision of the vibrating electrode plate and the back plate vibrates. The electrode plate cannot be received. Therefore, the vibration electrode plate may be greatly deformed and the vibration electrode plate may be damaged.
- the vibration electrode plate when the vibration electrode plate is displaced by the same amount of displacement, the local deformation (bending deformation) becomes larger as the vibration electrode plate has a smaller area when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate.
- the rigidity of the back plate if the rigidity of the back plate is increased in a region where the area of the vibration electrode plate is small, the vibration electrode plate having a small area is deformed by a drop impact or the like. Since the back plate is not easily deformed when it collides with the back plate, the vibration electrode plate having a small area is not further deformed. As a result, it is possible to more effectively prevent the vibration electrode plate from being damaged.
- the sensing unit may include the same area as viewed from the direction perpendicular to the top surface of the substrate.
- a second capacitive sensor includes a vibrating electrode plate formed above a substrate, a back plate formed above the substrate so as to cover the vibrating electrode plate, and the vibrating electrode
- a capacitive sensor comprising a fixed electrode plate provided on the back plate so as to face the plate, at least one of the vibration electrode plate and the fixed electrode plate is divided into a plurality of regions, and divided A sensing unit composed of the vibration electrode plate and the fixed electrode plate is formed for each of the regions, and a plurality of signals with different sensitivities are output from the plurality of sensing units, and the sensing unit includes the back plate and A plurality of openings are formed in the fixed electrode plate, and at least some of the sensing units have a sensing electrode area other than that of the sensing electrode.
- the aperture ratio of the opening in the sensing part on the side where the area of the vibrating electrode plate is smaller is at least one pair of sensing parts having different areas of the vibrating electrode plate among the sensing parts. It is characterized by being smaller than the aperture ratio of the opening in the sensing part on the side having the larger area of the plate.
- a method of adjusting the aperture ratio of the back plate a method of adjusting the hole diameter (opening area) of each opening, a method of adjusting the distribution density (number density) of each opening, the hole diameter and distribution density of each opening There is a method to adjust both.
- the second capacitive sensor of the present invention since at least one of the vibrating electrode plate and the fixed electrode plate is divided, a plurality of sensing units (variable capacitor structure) are provided between the vibrating electrode plate and the fixed electrode plate. Is formed. Therefore, an electric signal can be output from each of the divided sensing units, and a pressure change such as acoustic vibration can be converted into a plurality of electric signals and output.
- a capacitance type sensor for example, by changing the area for each vibrating electrode plate of each sensing unit, the sensing area and sensitivity of each sensing unit can be varied, and signals can be switched or combined. By doing so, the detection area of the capacitive sensor can be expanded without reducing the sensitivity.
- the plurality of sensing units can be formed by dividing the vibration electrode plate or the fixed electrode plate produced at the same time, compared to the prior art having a plurality of sensing units that are produced separately and independent from each other. As a result, the variation in characteristics among the sensing units is reduced. As a result, it is possible to reduce the characteristic variation caused by the difference in detection sensitivity between the sensing units. In addition, since each sensing unit shares the vibration electrode plate and the fixed electrode plate, mismatching related to characteristics such as frequency characteristics and phase can be suppressed.
- the area of the vibrating electrode plate of some sensing units is different from the area of the vibrating electrode plate of other sensing units, and the sensing unit on the side where the area of the vibrating electrode plate is smaller Since the aperture ratio of the back plate is smaller than the aperture ratio of the back plate in the sensing part on the side where the vibrating electrode plate is large, the rigidity of the back plate is high in the sensing part on the side where the area of the vibrating electrode plate is small. Become.
- the rigidity of the back plate in the sensing part on the side where the vibrating electrode plate is small is low, The back plate is deformed by the collision, and the back plate cannot receive the vibrating electrode plate. Therefore, the vibration electrode plate having a small area may be greatly deformed and the vibration electrode plate may be damaged.
- the rigidity of the back plate is increased in the sensing part on the side where the area of the vibration electrode plate is small.
- the back plate When it deforms and collides with the back plate, the back plate is difficult to deform, so that the vibrating electrode plate is not further deformed. As a result, it is possible to more effectively prevent the vibration electrode plate from being damaged in the sensing portion on the side having the smaller area of the vibration electrode plate.
- the areas of the vibrating electrode plates of the two sensing units are different and the area of the vibrating electrode plate is smaller.
- the sensing unit has a relatively small aperture ratio of the back plate and the sensing unit on the side where the area of the vibrating electrode plate is large has a relatively large aperture ratio of the back plate.
- the three sensing units typically, the three sensing units have different aperture ratios, and the smaller the area of the vibrating electrode plate, the smaller the aperture ratio of the back plate. It is a case.
- a sensing unit having the same area of the vibrating electrode plate may be included.
- An embodiment of the second capacitance type sensor according to the present invention is the second capacitance type sensor in which the aperture ratio of the back plate is adjusted by the hole diameter of the opening formed in the back plate. At least one of the fixed electrode plates is divided into two regions, the two sensing portions are formed, and the hole diameter of the opening in the sensing portion on the side where the area of the vibrating electrode plate is small is the area of the vibrating electrode plate It is characterized in that it is 1/2 or less of the hole diameter of the opening in the sensing part on the larger side. According to this embodiment, the vibration electrode plate can be effectively prevented from being damaged in the sensing unit on the side where the area of the vibration electrode plate is small.
- the hole diameter of the opening in the sensing part on the side where the area of the vibrating electrode plate is small is 10 ⁇ m or less. Even if there is an opening in the fixed electrode plate that is continuous with the opening in the back plate, the electric field between the fixed electrode plate and the vibrating electrode plate spreads in the opening, so the sensing unit has no holes in the fixed electrode plate. It can be regarded as a capacitor, and the sensitivity of the capacitive sensor is improved. This is called the fringe effect. However, such a fringe effect cannot be expected when the aperture diameter is larger than 10 ⁇ m. Therefore, it is desirable that the hole diameter of the opening of the back plate in the sensing part on the side where the area of the vibrating electrode plate is small is 10 ⁇ m or less.
- Still another embodiment of the second capacitive sensor according to the present invention is the second capacitive sensor in which the aperture ratio of the back plate is adjusted by the distribution density of the apertures opened in the back plate. At least one of the electrode plate and the fixed electrode plate is divided into two regions to form two sensing units, and the arrangement pitch of the openings in the sensing unit on the side where the area of the vibrating electrode plate is small is vibration It is more than twice the arrangement pitch of the openings in the sensing part on the side where the area of the electrode plate is large. In a capacitive sensor in which at least one of the vibrating electrode plate and the fixed electrode plate is divided into two regions and two sensing portions are formed, the rigidity of the back plate is increased by increasing the arrangement pitch of the openings.
- the arrangement pitch of the openings opened in the back plate on the side with the larger area of the vibration electrode plate is set to the back plate on the side with the smaller area of the vibration electrode plate. It is desirable that it is at least twice the arrangement pitch of the openings formed in the openings.
- a third capacitive sensor includes a vibrating electrode plate formed above a substrate, a back plate formed above the substrate so as to cover the vibrating electrode plate, and the vibrating electrode
- a capacitive sensor comprising a fixed electrode plate provided on the back plate so as to face the plate, at least one of the vibration electrode plate and the fixed electrode plate is divided into a plurality of regions, and divided Sensing units each including the vibrating electrode plate and the fixed electrode plate are formed for each of the regions, and a plurality of signals with different sensitivities are output from the plurality of sensing units, and at least some of the sensing units are sensing
- the area of the vibrating electrode plate is different from the area of the vibrating electrode plate in the other sensing units, and the area of the vibrating electrode plate in the sensing unit is different.
- the pair of sensing parts is characterized in that the thickness of the back plate in the sensing part on the side where the vibration electrode plate is small is thicker than the thickness of the back plate in the sensing part on the side where the area
- the third capacitive sensor of the present invention since at least one of the vibrating electrode plate and the fixed electrode plate is divided, a plurality of sensing units (variable capacitor structure) are provided between the vibrating electrode plate and the fixed electrode plate. Is formed. Therefore, an electric signal can be output from each of the divided sensing units, and a pressure change such as acoustic vibration can be converted into a plurality of electric signals and output.
- a capacitance type sensor for example, by changing the area for each vibrating electrode plate of each sensing unit, the sensing area and sensitivity of each sensing unit can be varied, and signals can be switched or combined. By doing so, the detection area of the capacitive sensor can be expanded without reducing the sensitivity.
- the plurality of sensing units can be formed by dividing the vibration electrode plate or the fixed electrode plate produced at the same time, compared to the prior art having a plurality of sensing units that are produced separately and independent from each other. As a result, the variation in characteristics among the sensing units is reduced. As a result, it is possible to reduce the characteristic variation caused by the difference in detection sensitivity between the sensing units. In addition, since each sensing unit shares the vibration electrode plate and the fixed electrode plate, mismatching related to characteristics such as frequency characteristics and phase can be suppressed.
- the area of the vibrating electrode plate of some sensing units is different from the area of the vibrating electrode plate of other sensing units, and the sensing unit on the side where the area of the vibrating electrode plate is smaller Since the thickness of the back plate is larger than the thickness of the back plate in the sensing part on the side where the area of the vibration electrode plate is large, the rigidity of the back plate is increased in the sensing part on the side where the area of the vibration electrode plate is small.
- the rigidity of the back plate in the sensing part on the side where the vibrating electrode plate is small is low, The back plate is deformed by the collision, and the back plate cannot receive the vibrating electrode plate. Therefore, the vibration electrode plate may be greatly deformed and the vibration electrode plate having a small area may be damaged.
- the rigidity of the back plate is increased in the sensing part on the side where the area of the vibration electrode plate is small.
- the back plate When it deforms and collides with the back plate, the back plate is difficult to deform, so that the vibrating electrode plate is not further deformed. As a result, it is possible to more effectively prevent the vibration electrode plate from being damaged in the sensing unit on the side where the area of the vibration electrode plate is small.
- the third capacitive sensor for example, when there are two sensing units, the areas of the vibrating electrode plates of the two sensing units are different and the area of the vibrating electrode plate is smaller. This is a case where the sensing part has a relatively thick back plate and the sensing part on the side where the area of the vibrating electrode plate is large has a relatively thin back plate. Further, when there are three or more sensing units, typically, the thicknesses of the back plates in the three sensing units are different from each other, and the thickness of the back plate increases as the sensing unit has a smaller area of the vibrating electrode plate. This is the case. In the case where there are three or more sensing units, a sensing unit having the same area as the vibrating electrode plate may be included.
- Still another embodiment of the first and second capacitive sensors according to the present invention and a third embodiment of the third capacitive sensor according to the present invention each have the vibrating electrode plate in a plurality of regions. It is divided
- the plurality of sensing units are formed by dividing the vibrating electrode that is displaced by pressure, the independence of each sensing unit is increased.
- the acoustic sensor according to the present invention is an acoustic sensor using the first, second, or third capacitive sensor according to the present invention, and allows acoustic vibration to pass through the back plate and the fixed electrode plate. A plurality of openings are formed, and a signal is output from the sensing unit according to a change in capacitance between the diaphragm and the fixed electrode plate sensitive to acoustic vibration. According to such an acoustic sensor, it is possible to produce a high-sensitivity and high-quality acoustic sensor having a wide dynamic range from a small volume (small sound pressure) to a large volume (large sound pressure).
- the vibration electrode plate of the high volume sensing unit can be prevented from being damaged when the acoustic sensor is dropped, etc.
- the impact resistance and durability of the acoustic sensor can be increased.
- the microphone according to the present invention includes the acoustic sensor according to the present invention and a circuit unit that amplifies a signal from the acoustic sensor and outputs the amplified signal to the outside.
- a microphone also has the same function and effect as the acoustic sensor.
- the means for solving the above-described problems in the present invention has a feature in which the above-described constituent elements are appropriately combined, and the present invention enables many variations by combining such constituent elements. .
- FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a harmonic distortion rate and sound pressure in a highly sensitive acoustic sensor disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- FIG. 1B is a diagram illustrating a relationship between harmonic distortion rate and sound pressure in the low-sensitivity acoustic sensor disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- FIG. 1C is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the harmonic distortion rate and the sound pressure when the high-sensitivity acoustic sensor and the low-sensitivity acoustic sensor disclosed in Patent Document 1 are combined.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the average displacement amount of the diaphragm and the sound pressure in the high-sensitivity acoustic sensor and the low-sensitivity acoustic sensor disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a harmonic distortion rate and sound pressure in a highly sensitive acoustic sensor disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- FIG. 1B is a diagram illustrating a relationship between harmonic distortion rate and sound pressure in the low-sensitivity
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the acoustic sensor according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the acoustic sensor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5A is a plan view of the acoustic sensor according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5B is an enlarged view of a portion X in FIG. 5A.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a state in which the back plate, the protective film, and the like are removed from the acoustic sensor shown in FIG. 5A.
- FIG. 7A is a partially cutaway plan view of a microphone in which an acoustic sensor and a signal processing circuit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention are housed in a casing.
- FIG. 7B is a longitudinal sectional view of the microphone.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of the microphone according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state when the microphone is dropped.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which the microphone according to the comparative example is damaged by dropping.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state when the microphone according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is dropped.
- FIG. 12A is a diagram illustrating a displacement amount of the first fixed electrode plate when the diameter of each acoustic hole in the first and second acoustic sensing units is changed.
- FIG. 12B is a diagram illustrating the displacement amount of the second fixed electrode plate when the hole diameter of each acoustic hole in the first and second acoustic sensing units is changed.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram comparing the air pressure (air pressure resistance) at which the second diaphragm is damaged when a large air pressure is applied to the diaphragm in the comparative example and the first embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a distribution of displacement amounts of the back plate and the fixed electrode plate of the acoustic sensor of the comparative example.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a distribution of displacement amounts of the back plate and the fixed electrode plate of the acoustic sensor according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a plan view showing a modification of the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a plan view of an acoustic sensor according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of an acoustic sensor according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- FIG. 19 is a plan view showing the structure of an acoustic sensor according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention, and shows a state in which a back plate, a protective film and the like are removed.
- FIG. 20 is a plan view showing the structure of an acoustic sensor according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention, and shows a state in which a back plate, a protective film, and the like are removed.
- the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and various design changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- acoustic sensor and a microphone will be described below as an example, the present invention can be applied to a capacitive sensor such as a pressure sensor in addition to the acoustic sensor.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the acoustic sensor 11 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the acoustic sensor 11.
- FIG. 5A is a plan view of the acoustic sensor 11.
- FIG. 5B is an enlarged view of a portion X in FIG. 5A.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of the acoustic sensor 11 excluding the back plate 18 and the protective film 30, and shows a state in which the diaphragm 13 and the fixed electrode plate 19 overlap with each other above the silicon substrate 12.
- these drawings do not reflect the manufacturing process of the acoustic sensor 11 by MEMS.
- the acoustic sensor 11 is a capacitive element manufactured using MEMS technology. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, this acoustic sensor 11 is provided with a diaphragm 13 on the upper surface of a silicon substrate 12 (substrate) via anchors 16 a and 16 b, and a minute air gap 20 (gap) above the diaphragm 13.
- the canopy portion 14 is disposed via the top, and the canopy portion 14 is fixed to the upper surface of the silicon substrate 12.
- a chamber 15 (cavity) penetrating from the front surface to the back surface is opened in the silicon substrate 12 made of single crystal silicon.
- the wall surface is constituted by an inclined surface formed by the (111) plane of the (100) plane silicon substrate and a plane equivalent to the (111) plane, but the wall surface of the chamber 15 is a vertical plane. May be.
- the diaphragm 13 is disposed above the silicon substrate 12 so as to cover the top of the chamber 15. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 6, the diaphragm 13 is formed in a substantially rectangular shape.
- the diaphragm 13 is formed of a conductive polysilicon thin film, and the diaphragm 13 itself is a vibrating electrode plate.
- the diaphragm 13 is divided into two large and small regions by a substantially linear slit 17 extending in a direction parallel to the short side. However, the diaphragm 13 is not completely divided into two by the slit 17 but is mechanically and electrically connected in the vicinity of the end of the slit 17.
- a substantially rectangular region having a large area is referred to as a first diaphragm 13a
- a substantially rectangular region having a smaller area than the first diaphragm 13a is referred to as a second diaphragm 13b.
- the first diaphragm 13a is supported on the upper surface of the silicon substrate 12 by supporting the leg pieces 26 provided at the respective corners by anchors 16a and floating from the upper surface of the silicon substrate 12. As shown in FIG. 4, between adjacent anchors 16a, a narrow vent hole 22a for allowing acoustic vibrations to pass is formed between the lower surface of the outer peripheral portion of the first diaphragm 13a and the upper surface of the silicon substrate 12. .
- the second diaphragm 13b is supported on the upper surface of the silicon substrate 12 with both short sides supported by the anchors 16b and floated from the upper surface of the silicon substrate 12.
- a narrow vent hole 22b for allowing acoustic vibrations to pass therethrough is formed between the lower surface of the long side of the second diaphragm 13b and the upper surface of the silicon substrate 12.
- Both the first diaphragm 13 a and the second diaphragm 13 b are at the same height from the upper surface of the silicon substrate 12. That is, the vent hole 22a and the vent hole 22b are gaps having the same height.
- the diaphragm 13 is connected to a lead wiring 27 provided on the upper surface of the silicon substrate 12. Further, a band-shaped base portion 21 is formed on the upper surface of the silicon substrate 12 so as to surround the diaphragm 13.
- Anchor 16a, 16b and base portion 21 is formed by SiO 2.
- the canopy portion 14 is provided with a fixed electrode plate 19 made of polysilicon on the lower surface of a back plate 18 made of SiN.
- the canopy portion 14 is formed in a dome shape, and has a hollow portion below it, and covers the diaphragms 13a and 13b with the hollow portion.
- a minute air gap 20 is formed between the lower surface of the canopy portion 14 (that is, the lower surface of the fixed electrode plate 19) and the upper surfaces of the diaphragms 13a and 13b.
- the fixed electrode plate 19 is divided into a first fixed electrode plate 19a facing the first diaphragm 13a and a second fixed electrode plate 19b facing the second diaphragm 13b.
- the fixed electrode plates 19a and 19b are electrically connected. Are separated.
- the first fixed electrode plate 19a has a larger area than the second fixed electrode plate 19b.
- a lead wire 28 is drawn from the first fixed electrode plate 19a, and a lead wire 29 is drawn from the second fixed electrode plate 19b.
- a first acoustic sensing portion 23a having a capacitor structure is formed by the first diaphragm 13a and the first fixed electrode plate 19a facing each other across the air gap 20. Further, a second acoustic sensing portion 23b having a capacitor structure is formed by the second diaphragm 13b and the second fixed electrode plate 19b facing each other with the air gap 20 interposed therebetween.
- the gap distance of the air gap 20 in the first acoustic sensing unit 23a is equal to the gap distance of the air gap 20 in the second acoustic sensing unit 23b.
- the dividing positions of the first and second diaphragms 13a and 13b and the dividing positions of the first and second fixed electrode plates 19a and 19b are the same in the illustrated example, but may be shifted.
- the canopy unit 14 (that is, the back plate 18 and the first fixed electrode plate 19a) penetrates from the upper surface to the lower surface to pass acoustic vibration 24a (acoustic sound). Many holes are perforated.
- the canopy part 14 (that is, the back plate 18 and the second fixed electrode plate 19b) penetrates from the upper surface to the lower surface so as to pass acoustic vibrations 24b (acoustic sound). Many holes are perforated.
- the acoustic holes 24a and 24b are regularly arranged.
- the acoustic holes 24a and 24b are arranged in a triangular shape along three directions forming an angle of 120 °, but may be arranged in a rectangular shape or a concentric shape.
- the acoustic holes 24a and 24b are provided at the same pitch or the same distribution density (number density), but the opening area per one acoustic hole 24a of the first acoustic sensing unit 23a is the same as that of the second acoustic sensing unit 23b.
- the opening area per one acoustic hole 24b is larger. Therefore, the rigidity of the back plate 18 in the second acoustic sensing unit 23b is larger than that in the first acoustic sensing unit 23a.
- a minute columnar stopper 25 projects from the lower surface of the canopy unit 14.
- the stopper 25 protrudes integrally from the lower surface of the back plate 18 and penetrates the first and second fixed electrode plates 19 a and 19 b and protrudes from the lower surface of the canopy portion 14. Since the stopper 25 is made of SiN like the back plate 18, it has an insulating property.
- the stopper 25 is used to prevent the diaphragms 13a and 13b from being fixed to the fixed electrode plates 19a and 19b due to electrostatic force and not being separated.
- the protective film 30 extends continuously from the outer periphery of the canopy-shaped back plate 18 over the entire circumference.
- the protective film 30 covers the base portion 21 and the outer silicon substrate surface.
- a common electrode pad 31, a first electrode pad 32a, a second electrode pad 32b, and a ground electrode pad 33 are provided on the upper surface of the protective film 30.
- the other end of the lead wiring 27 connected to the diaphragm 13 is connected to the common electrode pad 31.
- the lead wire 28 drawn from the first fixed electrode plate 19a is connected to the first electrode pad 32a, and the lead wire 29 drawn from the second fixed electrode plate 19b is connected to the second electrode pad 32b.
- the electrode pad 33 is connected to the silicon substrate 12 and is kept at the ground potential.
- the diaphragms 13a and 13b which are thin films, vibrate in the same phase by acoustic vibration.
- the capacitances of the acoustic sensing units 23a and 23b change.
- the acoustic vibration (change in sound pressure) sensed by the diaphragms 13a and 13b is caused by a change in capacitance between the diaphragms 13a and 13b and the fixed electrode plates 19a and 19b. And output as an electrical signal.
- acoustic vibrations pass through the acoustic holes 24a and 24b and enter the air gap 20 in the canopy portion 14, and each diaphragm 13a is a thin film. , 13b is vibrated.
- the second acoustic sensing unit 23b is a low-sensitivity acoustic sensor for a sound pressure range from medium volume to large volume.
- the first acoustic sensing unit 23a is a highly sensitive acoustic sensor for a sound pressure range from a small volume to a medium volume. Therefore, the dynamic range of the acoustic sensor 11 can be expanded by hybridizing both the acoustic sensing units 23a and 23b and outputting a signal by a processing circuit described later.
- the dynamic range of the first acoustic sensing unit 23a is about 30-120 dB and the dynamic range of the second acoustic sensing unit 23b is about 50-140 dB
- the dynamic range can be increased by combining both acoustic sensing units 23a, 23b. It can be expanded to about 30-140 dB.
- the acoustic sensor 11 is divided into a first sound sensing unit 23a from a low volume to a medium volume and a second sound sensing unit 23b from a medium volume to a large volume, the output of the first sound sensing unit 23a is set to a large volume.
- the harmonic distortion rate may be increased in a large sound pressure range. Therefore, the sensitivity with respect to the low volume of the first acoustic sensing unit 23a can be increased.
- the first acoustic sensing unit 23a and the second acoustic sensing unit 23b are formed on the same substrate.
- the first acoustic sensing unit 23a and the second acoustic sensing unit 23b are divided into the first diaphragm 13a and the second diaphragm 13b obtained by dividing the diaphragm 13, and the first fixed electrode plate 19a and the second fixed electrode obtained by dividing the fixed electrode plate 19, respectively. It is comprised by the electrode plate 19b.
- first acoustic sensing unit 23a and the second acoustic sensing unit 23b are hybridized by dividing one that originally becomes one sensing unit into two, two independent sensing units are provided on one substrate.
- the first acoustic sensing unit 23a and the second acoustic sensing unit 23b have similar variations in detection sensitivity compared to the conventional example and the conventional example in which the sensing units are provided on different substrates. As a result, variation in detection sensitivity between the acoustic sensing units 23a and 23b can be reduced.
- both the acoustic sensing parts 23a and 23b share the said diaphragm and a fixed electrode plate, it can suppress the mismatching regarding acoustic characteristics, such as a frequency characteristic and a phase.
- FIG. 7A is a partially cutaway plan view of the microphone 41 incorporating the acoustic sensor 11 of the first embodiment, and shows the inside by removing the upper surface of the cover 43.
- FIG. 7B is a longitudinal sectional view of the microphone 41.
- the microphone 41 includes the acoustic sensor 11 and a signal processing circuit 44 (ASIC) in a package including a circuit board 42 and a cover 43.
- the acoustic sensor 11 and the signal processing circuit 44 are mounted on the upper surface of the circuit board 42.
- the circuit board 42 has a sound introduction hole 45 for introducing acoustic vibration into the package.
- the acoustic sensor 11 is mounted on the upper surface of the circuit board 42 so that the lower surface opening of the chamber 15 is aligned with the sound introduction hole 45 and covers the sound introduction hole 45. Therefore, the chamber 15 of the acoustic sensor 11 is a front chamber, and the space in the package is a back chamber.
- the electrode pads 31, 32a, 32b and 33 of the acoustic sensor 11 are connected to the pads 47 of the signal processing circuit 44 by bonding wires 46, respectively.
- a plurality of terminals 48 for electrically connecting the microphone 41 to the outside are provided on the lower surface of the circuit board 42, and electrode portions 49 that are electrically connected to the terminals 48 are provided on the upper surface of the circuit board 42.
- Each pad 50 of the signal processing circuit 44 mounted on the circuit board 42 is connected to the electrode portion 49 by a bonding wire 51.
- the pad 50 of the signal processing circuit 44 has a function of supplying power to the acoustic sensor 11 and a function of outputting a capacitance change signal of the acoustic sensor 11 to the outside.
- a cover 43 is attached to the upper surface of the circuit board 42 so as to cover the acoustic sensor 11 and the signal processing circuit 44.
- the package has a function of an electromagnetic shield, and protects the microphone 41 from external electrical disturbances and mechanical shocks.
- the acoustic vibration that enters the package through the sound introduction hole 45 is detected by the acoustic sensor 11, amplified and processed by the signal processing circuit 44, and then output.
- the microphone 41 since the space in the package is used as the back chamber, the volume of the back chamber can be increased and the sensitivity of the microphone 41 can be increased.
- a sound introduction hole 45 for introducing acoustic vibration into the package may be opened on the upper surface of the cover 43.
- the chamber 15 of the acoustic sensor 11 is a back chamber, and the space in the package is a front chamber.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of the MEMS microphone 41 shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, the acoustic sensor 11 includes a high-sensitivity first acoustic sensing unit 23a and a low-sensitivity second acoustic sensing unit 23b whose capacitance changes due to acoustic vibration.
- the signal processing circuit 44 includes a charge pump 52, a low sensitivity amplifier 53, a high sensitivity amplifier 54, ⁇ ( ⁇ ) type ADCs (Analog-to-Digital Converters) 55 and 56, a reference voltage generator 57, and a buffer. 58.
- the charge pump 52 applies a high voltage HV to the first acoustic sensing unit 23a and the second acoustic sensing unit 23b, and the electric signal output from the second acoustic sensing unit 23b is amplified by the low sensitivity amplifier 53.
- the electrical signal output from the first acoustic sensing unit 23a is amplified by the high sensitivity amplifier 54.
- the signal amplified by the low sensitivity amplifier 53 is converted into a digital signal by the ⁇ ADC 55.
- the signal amplified by the high sensitivity amplifier 54 is converted into a digital signal by the ⁇ ADC 56.
- the digital signals converted in the ⁇ ADCs 55 and 56 are output to the outside as a PDM (pulse density modulation) signal through the buffer 58.
- PDM pulse density modulation
- the intensity of the signal output from the buffer 58 is high (that is, when the sound pressure is high)
- the output of the ⁇ ADC 55 is kept on and the output of the ⁇ ADC 56 is turned off. . Therefore, an electrical signal of acoustic vibration having a large sound pressure detected by the second acoustic sensing unit 23 b is output from the buffer 58.
- the intensity of the signal output from the buffer 58 is small (that is, when the sound pressure is low)
- the output of the ⁇ ADC 56 is kept on and the output of the ⁇ ADC 55 is turned off.
- an electrical signal of acoustic vibration with a small sound pressure detected by the first acoustic sensing unit 23 a is output from the buffer 58.
- the first acoustic sensing unit 23a and the second acoustic sensing unit 23b are automatically switched according to the sound pressure.
- the diaphragm may be damaged by wind pressure when dropped. According to the acoustic sensor 11 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, such damage can be prevented. The reason is as follows.
- FIG. 9 shows a state in which the microphone 41 mounted on the device 61 is dropped toward the ground 62.
- the device 61 has a through hole 63 corresponding to the sound introduction hole 45 of the microphone 41.
- FIG. 10 shows a comparative acoustic sensor in which the diaphragm is pushed up in this way.
- the acoustic sensor of the comparative example is provided with a uniform acoustic hole 24. That is, the acoustic holes 24 of the first acoustic sensing unit 23a and the acoustic holes 24 of the second acoustic sensing unit 23b are provided with the same distribution density, and the hole diameters (opening areas) of the acoustic holes 24 are also equal. Yes.
- the average displacement amount of the second diaphragm 13b is smaller than the average displacement amount of the first acoustic sensing unit 23a.
- the pressure applied to the diaphragms 13a and 13b is large, the first diaphragm 13a and the second diaphragm 13b that have been greatly displaced come into contact with the stopper 25 of the back plate 18, so that the displacement amounts are approximately the same.
- the second diaphragm 13b is deformed more than the first diaphragm 13a by the smaller area, and particularly the peripheral portion of the second diaphragm 13b is greatly distorted to generate a large internal stress.
- the rigidity of the back plate 18 in the second acoustic sensing unit 23b is the back plate 18 in the first acoustic sensing unit 23a. It is relatively small like the rigidity of.
- the back plate 18 of the second acoustic sensing unit 23b is also bent, and the average displacement amount of the second diaphragm 13b becomes larger.
- the second diaphragm 13b is greatly deformed and the peripheral portion and the like are easily damaged.
- the hole diameter of the acoustic hole 24 provided in the back plate 18 may be reduced.
- the acoustic hole 24 having the same hole diameter is provided in the entire back plate 18, if the hole diameter of the acoustic hole 24 is reduced, air molecules that cause thermal noise escape in the first acoustic sensing unit 23a. It becomes difficult. Therefore, noise due to thermal noise increases in the first acoustic sensing unit 23a, and the sensitivity of the first acoustic sensing unit 23a decreases.
- the hole diameter of the acoustic hole 24b in the second acoustic sensing portion 23b is smaller than the hole diameter of the acoustic hole 24a in the first acoustic sensing portion 23a.
- the rigidity of the back plate 18 in the second acoustic sensing unit 23b can be increased. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 11, even if the second diaphragm 13b is deformed and hits the back plate 18 by a drop impact, wind pressure, air compressed in the chamber 15, the back plate 18 of the second acoustic sensing unit 23b. Becomes difficult to deform. Therefore, excessive deformation and internal stress of the second diaphragm 13b can be suppressed by the back plate 18, and damage to the second diaphragm 13b can be prevented.
- the first acoustic sensing unit 23a if the hole diameter of the acoustic hole 24a is set to a general size and the thickness of the back plate 18 is also set to a general thickness, thermal noise in the first acoustic sensing unit 23a is large. None become. Therefore, on the first acoustic sensing unit 23a side where the demand for the S / N ratio is strict, the sensitivity in the low volume range is not lowered. In addition, since the second acoustic sensing unit 23b is used in a loud volume range where an output sufficiently higher than the noise level is obtained, there is no strict requirement for the S / N ratio, and the hole diameter of the acoustic hole 24b may be reduced. . Therefore, according to the acoustic sensor 11 of the first embodiment, it is possible to prevent the second diaphragm 13b from being damaged without lowering the sensitivity on the small volume side.
- the hole diameter of the acoustic hole 24b in the acoustic sensor 11 is preferably less than or equal to 1 ⁇ 2 of the hole diameter of the acoustic hole 24a.
- the hole diameter of the acoustic hole 24b is desirably 4 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- FIG. 12A shows the first fixed electrode plate 19a when the back plate 18 and the fixed electrode plate 19 are deformed by applying a constant air pressure (air pressure assumed to be applied when dropped) to the back plate 18 and the fixed electrode plate 19.
- the displacement amount is obtained by simulation.
- FIG. 12B it can be seen that if the hole diameter D2 of the acoustic hole 24b is reduced from 17 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m, the displacement of the second fixed electrode plate 19b can be reduced by 18%, and the rigidity can be improved. Thereby, the deformation
- 12A shows that the displacement of the first fixed electrode plate 19a can be reduced by reducing the hole diameter D2 of the acoustic hole 24b.
- FIG. 13 shows an acoustic sensor of a comparative example in which both of the hole diameters D1 and D2 are 17 ⁇ m.
- a gradually larger pressure is applied to the diaphragms 13a and 13b, and further pressure is applied by bringing the diaphragm 13b into contact with the stopper 25.
- the pressure value when the diaphragm 13b is destroyed is shown.
- gradually increasing pressure is applied to the diaphragms 13a and 13b, and the diaphragm 13b is brought into contact with the stopper 25 to further increase the pressure.
- the pressure value when the second diaphragm 13b is destroyed by applying pressure is also shown.
- the second diaphragm 13b breaks at 78 kPa.
- the hole diameter of the acoustic hole 24b is reduced to 6 ⁇ m, the second diaphragm 13b The fracture strength is improved to about 95 kPa (22% improvement).
- FIG. 14 is a view of a comparative example showing the back plate 18 and the fixed electrode plate 19 having acoustic holes 24a and 24b each having a hole diameter D1 and D2 of 17 ⁇ m.
- the deformation amount of each part when the back plate 18 and the fixed electrode plate 19 are deformed by applying a certain pressure is represented by the difference in density between black and white. As the amount of deformation is white, the amount of deformation is large, and as it is black, the amount of deformation is small.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram of the first embodiment showing the back plate 18 and the fixed electrode plate 19 having an acoustic hole 24a having a hole diameter D1 of 17 ⁇ m and an acoustic hole 24b having a hole diameter D2 of 6 ⁇ m.
- the deformation amount of each part of the back plate 18 and the fixed electrode plate 19 under the same conditions as in FIG. 14 is represented by the difference in density between black and white.
- the acoustic sensor 11 and the microphone 41 of the first embodiment have various effects in addition to preventing the diaphragm from being damaged when dropped.
- the acoustic sensor 11 of the first embodiment has an advantage that it is easy to introduce. That is, (i) the characteristics (sensitivity, S / N ratio, etc.) of the first acoustic sensing unit 23a are not affected because it is only necessary to change the hole diameter of the acoustic hole 24b on the second acoustic sensing unit 23b side. (ii) Since it is not necessary to increase the thickness of the back plate 18, the deposition time of the back plate 18 does not increase, so that the productivity of the acoustic sensor is good. Further, it is only necessary to change the design of the mask for opening the acoustic holes 24a and 24b, and the design can be easily changed.
- the electrode area of the second fixed electrode plate 19b is increased, so the output sensitivity of the second acoustic sensing unit 23b is improved, and (ii) the acoustic hole 24b is By reducing the hole diameter and the fringe effect, it is possible to realize the same capacitance as when using a fixed electrode plate without holes, so that the output sensitivity of the acoustic sensor 11 can be improved.
- the acoustic sensor 11 of the first embodiment by reducing the hole diameter of the acoustic hole 24b in the second acoustic sensing unit 23b, it becomes difficult for dust and dust to enter the inside from the acoustic hole 24b. As a result, there is less risk of dust or dust adhering to the diaphragm and changing the characteristics of the acoustic sensor 11.
- the rigidity of the back plate 18 is increased, warpage of the back plate 18 due to variation in residual stress caused by the manufacturing process of the acoustic sensor 11 is reduced, and the shape of the back plate 18 is reduced. Is stable.
- the acoustic sensor 11 of the first embodiment since the rigidity of the back plate 18 is increased, the strength of the back plate 18 against an impact such as a drop test is improved.
- the first diaphragm 13a collides with the back plate 18 at a large volume, a large distortion occurs in the back plate 18 in the first acoustic sensing unit 23a.
- the first acoustic sensing unit 23a and the second acoustic sensing unit 23b interfere with each other through the back plate 18 and this large distortion is transmitted to the second acoustic sensing unit 23b, the harmonic distortion rate in the second acoustic sensing unit 23b is increased. As a result, the characteristics of the second acoustic sensing unit 23b may deteriorate.
- the rigidity of the back plate 18 is increased, so that a large distortion generated in the first acoustic sensing unit 23a is not easily transmitted to the second acoustic sensing unit 23b. As a result, the harmonic distortion rate in the second acoustic sensing unit 23b is improved.
- FIG. 16 is a plan view showing an acoustic sensor according to a modification of the first embodiment of the present invention, and shows a state in which the back plate 18 and the protective film 30 are removed.
- the diaphragm 13 is completely separated into the first diaphragm 13 a and the second diaphragm 13 b by the slit 17, and the first fixed electrode plate 19 a and the second fixed electrode plate 19 b are integrated by the connecting portion 64. It may be connected.
- FIG. 17 is a plan view showing an acoustic sensor 71 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the acoustic hole 24b of the second acoustic sensing unit 23b has a distribution density (number density) smaller than that of the acoustic hole 24a of the first acoustic sensing unit 23a. That is, the arrangement pitch of the acoustic holes 24b is larger than the arrangement pitch of the acoustic holes 24a.
- the arrangement pitch of the acoustic holes 24b is preferably at least twice the arrangement pitch of the acoustic holes 24a.
- the acoustic hole 24a of the first acoustic sensing unit 23a and the acoustic hole 24b of the second acoustic sensing unit 23b have the same hole diameter.
- the said acoustic sensor 71 has the same structure as the acoustic sensor 11 of Embodiment 1, description is abbreviate
- the aperture ratio of the acoustic holes 24b is small, and the rigidity of the back plate 18 in the second acoustic sensing unit 23b is high. It has become.
- the back plate 18 is hardly deformed, and the displacement amount or deformation amount of the second diaphragm 13b is also suppressed.
- the number of acoustic holes 24b is reduced, it is difficult for dust and dirt to enter the acoustic sensor 71 from the acoustic holes 24b.
- the hole diameters of the acoustic holes 24a and the hole diameters of the acoustic holes 24b are equal. It may be smaller than 24a.
- the aperture ratio of the acoustic hole 24b as a whole is smaller than the aperture ratio of the acoustic hole 24a
- the hole diameter of the acoustic hole 24b is smaller than the hole diameter of the acoustic hole 24a
- the distribution density of the acoustic holes 24b is acoustic holes. It may be larger than the distribution density of 24a.
- the aperture ratio of the acoustic hole 24b as a whole is smaller than the aperture ratio of the acoustic hole 24a
- the distribution density of the acoustic hole 24b is smaller than the distribution density of the acoustic hole 24a
- the hole diameter of the acoustic hole 24b is acoustic. It may be larger than the hole diameter of the hole 24a.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing an acoustic sensor 81 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the thickness of the back plate 18 in the second acoustic sensing unit 23b that is, the back plate 18b is thicker than the thickness of the back plate 18 in the first acoustic sensing unit 23a, that is, the back plate 18a.
- the distribution density and the hole diameter of the acoustic holes 24a and the acoustic holes 24b may be the same.
- description is abbreviate
- the back plate 18b is thicker than the back plate 18a, the rigidity of the back plate 18b in the second acoustic sensing unit 23b is high. As a result, even if the second diaphragm 13b collides with the back plate 18b, the back plate 18b is hardly deformed, and the displacement amount or deformation amount of the second diaphragm 13b is also suppressed. As a result, it is difficult for large stress to be generated in the second diaphragm 13b, and damage to the second diaphragm 13b can be prevented.
- FIG. 19 is a plan view showing the structure of an acoustic sensor 91 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention, and shows a state in which a back plate, a protective film, and the like are removed.
- the acoustic sensor 91 has three acoustic sensing units 23a, 23b, and 23c.
- the acoustic sensing unit 23a has a capacitor structure constituted by the diaphragm 13a and the fixed electrode plate 19a.
- the acoustic sensing unit 23c has a capacitor structure constituted by a diaphragm 13c and a fixed electrode plate 19c.
- the acoustic sensing units 23a and 23c are high-sensitivity sensing units for a low sound pressure range.
- the acoustic sensing unit 23b is a capacitor structure constituted by the diaphragm 13b and the fixed electrode plate 19b, and is a low-sensitivity sensing unit for a high sound pressure range.
- a substantially rectangular diaphragm 13 is disposed above the chamber 15 of the silicon substrate 12.
- the diaphragm 13 includes a substantially rectangular first diaphragm 13a and a third diaphragm 13c having substantially the same area by two slits 17a and 17b, and a substantially rectangular shape having a smaller area than the first and third diaphragms 13a and 13c.
- the second diaphragm 13b is divided.
- a part of the fixed electrode plate 19, that is, the first fixed electrode plate 19a is arranged to face the first diaphragm 13a.
- the fixed electrode plate 19a, 19b and 19c are separated from each other, and are provided on the lower surface of the back plate 18 fixed to the upper surface of the silicon substrate 12 so as to cover the diaphragm 13.
- a large number of acoustic holes 24a and 24c are opened in the back plate 18 and the fixed electrode plates 19a and 19c.
- the acoustic sensing unit 23b for low sound pressure and high sound pressure has a large number of acoustic holes 24b in the back plate 18 and the fixed electrode plate 19b.
- the acoustic hole 24b of the acoustic sensing unit 23b has a smaller aperture ratio than the acoustic holes 24a and 24c of the acoustic sensing units 23a and 23c (in FIG.
- the diameter of the acoustic hole 24b is smaller than the hole diameter of the acoustic holes 24a and 24c). However, the pitch may be increased.)
- the rigidity of the back plate 18 of the acoustic sensing unit 23b is higher than that of the acoustic sensing units 23a and 23c. Therefore, the impact resistance of the low-sensitivity acoustic sensing unit 23b is high.
- FIG. 20 is a plan view showing the structure of the acoustic sensor 101 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, and shows a state in which a back plate, a protective film, and the like are removed.
- the acoustic sensor 101 also includes three acoustic sensing units 23a, 23b, and 23c.
- the acoustic sensing unit 23a is a capacitor structure constituted by the diaphragm 13a and the fixed electrode plate 19a, and is a high-sensitivity sensing unit for a low sound pressure range.
- the acoustic sensing unit 23b is a capacitor structure constituted by the diaphragm 13b and the fixed electrode plate 19b, and is a low-sensitivity sensing unit for a high sound pressure range.
- the acoustic sensing unit 23c is a capacitor structure constituted by the diaphragm 13c and the fixed electrode plate 19c, and is a medium sensitivity sensing unit for a medium sound pressure range.
- a substantially rectangular diaphragm 13 is disposed above the chamber 15 of the silicon substrate 12.
- the diaphragm 13 has a substantially rectangular first diaphragm 13a, a substantially rectangular third diaphragm 13c having a smaller area than the first diaphragm 13a, and an area larger than the third diaphragm 13c by two slits 17a and 17b.
- a first fixed electrode plate 19a is disposed so as to face the first diaphragm 13a.
- a second fixed electrode plate 19b is disposed to face the second diaphragm 13b.
- the third fixed electrode plate 19c is opposed to the third diaphragm 13c.
- the fixed electrode plates 19a, 19b and 19c are separated from each other, and are provided on the lower surface of the back plate 18 fixed to the upper surface of the silicon substrate 12 so as to cover the diaphragm 13.
- a large number of acoustic holes 24a are opened in the back plate 18 and the fixed electrode plate 19a.
- a plurality of acoustic holes 24b and 24c are opened in the back plate 18 and the fixed electrode plates 19b and 19c in the acoustic sensing unit 23b for low sound pressure and high sound pressure, and in the medium and medium sound pressure sound sensing unit 23c. ing.
- the acoustic holes 24b and 24c of the acoustic sensing units 23b and 23c have a smaller aperture ratio than the acoustic hole 24a of the acoustic sensing unit 23a (in FIG.
- the hole diameters of the acoustic holes 24b and 24c are smaller than the hole diameter of the acoustic hole 24a).
- the back plate 18 of the acoustic sensing units 23b and 23c has a higher rigidity than that of the acoustic sensing unit 23a. Therefore, the impact resistance of the low sensitivity acoustic sensing unit 23b and the medium sensitivity acoustic sensing unit 23c is high.
- the aperture ratio of the acoustic hole 24c may be smaller than the aperture ratio of the acoustic hole 24a and larger than the aperture ratio of the acoustic hole 24b.
- the dynamic range can be further widened, and the impact resistance of the acoustic sensor 101 is hardly deteriorated.
- the form of dividing the diaphragm 13 and the fixed electrode plate 19 is not limited to that in the above embodiment.
- the fixed electrode plate 19 is divided into an outer peripheral region and an inner region thereof, and an area having a small area and a substantially annular shape located in the outer peripheral region is defined as a second fixed electrode plate 19b having a low sensitivity, and is located on the inner side
- the region may be the first fixed electrode plate 19a having high sensitivity (see FIG. 1 of Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-002313). The same applies to the diaphragm 13.
- the amount of displacement of each diaphragm 13a, 13b when the same sound pressure is applied is made different by making the area of the first diaphragm 13a different from the area of the second diaphragm 13b.
- the sensitivity of the 1st acoustic sensing part 23a and the 2nd acoustic sensing part 23b is varied.
- the film thickness of the second diaphragm 13b larger than the film thickness of the first diaphragm 13a, the displacement of the second diaphragm 13b is reduced, and the sensitivity of the second acoustic sensing unit 23b is lowered. May be.
- the displacement of the second diaphragm 13b may be reduced by making the fixed pitch of the second diaphragm 13b smaller than the fixed pitch of the first diaphragm 13a, and the sensitivity of the second acoustic sensing unit 23b may be lowered.
- the displacement of the first diaphragm 13a may be increased by supporting the first diaphragm 13a with a beam structure, and the sensitivity of the first acoustic sensing unit 23a may be increased.
- the present invention can also be applied to a capacitive sensor other than an acoustic sensor such as a pressure sensor.
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Abstract
Description
12 シリコン基板
13 ダイアフラム
13a 第1ダイアフラム
13b 第2ダイアフラム
13c 第3ダイアフラム
17、17a、17c スリット
18、18a、18b バックプレート
19 固定電極板
19a 第1固定電極板
19b 第2固定電極板
19c 第3固定電極板
23a、23b、23c 音響センシング部
24、24a、24b アコースティックホール
25 ストッパ
41 マイクロフォン
42 回路基板
43 カバー
44 信号処理回路
45 音導入孔
以下、図3-6を参照して本発明の実施形態1による音響センサの構造を説明する。図3は、本発明の実施形態1による音響センサ11の分解斜視図である。図4は、音響センサ11の断面図である。図5Aは、音響センサ11の平面図である。図5Bは、図5AのX部拡大図である。図6は、バックプレート18や保護膜30などを除いた音響センサ11の平面図であって、シリコン基板12の上方でダイアフラム13と固定電極板19が重なった様子を表している。ただし、これらの図は、音響センサ11のMEMSによる製造工程を反映したものではない
また、図12Aによれば、アコースティックホール24bの孔径D2を小さくすることで、第1固定電極板19aの変位も小さくできることが分かる。
図16は、本発明の実施形態1の変形例による音響センサを示す平面図であって、バックプレート18や保護膜30などを除いた状態を表わしている。この音響センサのように、ダイアフラム13は、スリット17によって第1ダイアフラム13aと第2ダイアフラム13bとに完全に分離され、第1固定電極板19aと第2固定電極板19bが連結部64によって一体につながっていてもよい。
図17は、本発明の実施形態2による音響センサ71を示す平面図である。この音響センサ71では、第2音響センシング部23bのアコースティックホール24bは、第1音響センシング部23aのアコースティックホール24aよりも分布密度(数密度)が小さくなっている。すなわち、アコースティックホール24bの配列ピッチは、アコースティックホール24aの配列ピッチよりも大きくなっている。アコースティックホール24bの配列ピッチは、アコースティックホール24aの配列ピッチの2倍以上であることが好ましい。一方、第1音響センシング部23aのアコースティックホール24aと第2音響センシング部23bのアコースティックホール24bは同じ孔径を有している。これ以外の点については、当該音響センサ71は、実施形態1の音響センサ11と同じ構造を有しているので、説明を省略する。
図18は、本発明の実施形態3による音響センサ81を示す断面図である。この音響センサ81では、第2音響センシング部23bにおけるバックプレート18、すなわちバックプレート18bの厚みが、第1音響センシング部23aにおけるバックプレート18、すなわちバックプレート18aの厚みよりも厚くなっている。アコースティックホール24aとアコースティックホール24bの分布密度や孔径は同じであってもよい。これ以外の点については、当該音響センサ71は、実施形態1の音響センサ11と同じ構造を有しているので、説明を省略する。
図19は、本発明の実施形態4による音響センサ91の構造を示す平面図であって、バックプレートや保護膜などを除いた状態を表わしている。この音響センサ91は、3つの音響センシング部23a、23b、23cを有している。音響センシング部23aは、ダイアフラム13aと固定電極板19aによって構成されたコンデンサ構造である。音響センシング部23cは、ダイアフラム13cと固定電極板19cによって構成されたコンデンサ構造である。音響センシング部23a及び23cは、小音圧域用の高感度のセンシング部である。音響センシング部23bは、ダイアフラム13bと固定電極板19bによって構成されたコンデンサ構造であって、大音圧域用の低感度のセンシング部である。
図20は、本発明の実施形態5による音響センサ101の構造を示す平面図であって、バックプレートや保護膜などを除いた状態を表わしている。この音響センサ101も、3つの音響センシング部23a、23b、23cを有している。音響センシング部23aは、ダイアフラム13aと固定電極板19aによって構成されたコンデンサ構造であって、小音圧域用の高感度のセンシング部である。音響センシング部23bは、ダイアフラム13bと固定電極板19bによって構成されたコンデンサ構造であって、大音圧域用の低感度のセンシング部である。音響センシング部23cは、ダイアフラム13cと固定電極板19cによって構成されたコンデンサ構造であって、中音圧域用の中感度のセンシング部である。
ダイアフラム13や固定電極板19を分割する形態は、上記実施形態のようなものに限らない。たとえば、固定電極板19を、その外周領域とその内側領域とに分割し、外周領域に位置する面積が小さくて略環状をした領域を感度の低い第2固定電極板19bとし、その内側にある領域を感度の高い第1固定電極板19aとしてもよい(特願2011-002313の図1を参照)。ダイアフラム13についても同様である。
Claims (12)
- 基板の上方に形成された振動電極板と、
前記振動電極板を覆うようにして前記基板の上方に形成されたバックプレートと、
前記振動電極板と対向させるようにして前記バックプレートに設けた固定電極板とを備えた静電容量型センサにおいて、
前記振動電極板と前記固定電極板のうち少なくとも一方が複数領域に分割されていて、分割された各領域毎にそれぞれ前記振動電極板と前記固定電極板からなるセンシング部が形成され、
複数の前記センシング部から異なる感度の複数の信号が出力され、
前記センシング部のうち少なくとも一部のセンシング部は、その振動電極板の面積が他のセンシング部における振動電極板の面積と異なり、
前記センシング部のうち前記振動電極板の面積が小さい一部のセンシング部は、その領域におけるバックプレートの剛性が、前記振動電極板の面積が大きい他のセンシング部におけるバックプレートの剛性よりも高くなっていることを特徴とする静電容量型センサ。 - 基板の上方に形成された振動電極板と、
前記振動電極板を覆うようにして前記基板の上方に形成されたバックプレートと、
前記振動電極板と対向させるようにして前記バックプレートに設けた固定電極板とを備えた静電容量型センサにおいて、
前記振動電極板と前記固定電極板のうち少なくとも一方が複数領域に分割されていて、分割された各領域毎にそれぞれ前記振動電極板と前記固定電極板からなるセンシング部が形成され、
複数の前記センシング部から異なる感度の複数の信号が出力され、
前記センシング部はそれぞれ、前記バックプレート及び前記固定電極板に複数個の開口を形成され、
前記センシング部のうち少なくとも一部のセンシング部は、その振動電極板の面積が他のセンシング部における振動電極板の面積と異なり、
前記センシング部のうち前記振動電極板の面積が異なる少なくとも一対のセンシング部は、振動電極板の面積が小さい側のセンシング部における前記開口の開口率が、振動電極板の面積が大きい側のセンシング部における前記開口の開口率よりも小さくなっていることを特徴とする静電容量型センサ。 - 前記バックプレートの開口率は、前記開口の孔径によって調整されていることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の静電容量型センサ。
- 前記振動電極板と前記固定電極板のうち少なくとも一方が2つの領域に分割されていて2つの前記センシング部が形成され、
振動電極板の面積が小さい側の前記センシング部における前記開口の孔径は、振動電極板の面積が大きい側の前記センシング部における前記開口の孔径の1/2以下であることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の静電容量型センサ。 - 振動電極板の面積が小さい側の前記センシング部における前記開口の孔径は、10μm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の静電容量型センサ。
- 前記バックプレートの開口率は、前記開口の分布密度によって調整されていることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の静電容量型センサ。
- 前記振動電極板と前記固定電極板のうち少なくとも一方が2つの領域に分割されていて2つの前記センシング部が形成され、
振動電極板の面積が小さい側の前記センシング部における前記開口の配列ピッチは、振動電極板の面積が大きい側の前記センシング部における前記開口の配列ピッチの2倍以上であることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の静電容量型センサ。 - 前記バックプレートの開口率は、前記開口の孔径及び分布密度によって調整されていることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の静電容量型センサ。
- 基板の上方に形成された振動電極板と、
前記振動電極板を覆うようにして前記基板の上方に形成されたバックプレートと、
前記振動電極板と対向させるようにして前記バックプレートに設けた固定電極板とを備えた静電容量型センサにおいて、
前記振動電極板と前記固定電極板のうち少なくとも一方が複数領域に分割されていて、分割された各領域毎にそれぞれ前記振動電極板と前記固定電極板からなるセンシング部が形成され、
複数の前記センシング部から異なる感度の複数の信号が出力され、
前記センシング部のうち少なくとも一部のセンシング部は、その振動電極板の面積が他のセンシング部における振動電極板の面積と異なり、
前記センシング部のうち前記振動電極板の面積が異なる少なくとも一対のセンシング部は、振動電極板の面積が小さい側のセンシング部におけるバックプレートの厚みが、振動電極板の面積が大きい側のセンシング部におけるバックプレートの厚みよりも厚くなっていることを特徴とする静電容量型センサ。 - 前記振動電極板が複数領域に分割されていて、分割された各領域毎にそれぞれ前記振動電極板と前記固定電極板からなるセンシング部が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1、2又は9に記載の静電容量型センサ。
- 請求項1、2又は9に記載の静電容量型センサを利用した音響センサであって、
前記バックプレート及び前記固定電極板に、音響振動を通過させるための複数個の開口を形成し、
音響振動に感応した前記ダイアフラムと前記固定電極板との間の静電容量の変化により、前記センシング部から信号を出力することを特徴とする音響センサ。 - 請求項11に記載の音響センサと、前記音響センサからの信号を増幅して外部に出力する回路部とを備えたマイクロフォン。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE112013002734B4 (de) | 2019-06-27 |
US20150104048A1 (en) | 2015-04-16 |
JP5252104B1 (ja) | 2013-07-31 |
JP2013251774A (ja) | 2013-12-12 |
DE112013002734T5 (de) | 2015-03-19 |
CN104350767A (zh) | 2015-02-11 |
CN104350767B (zh) | 2017-05-17 |
US9380393B2 (en) | 2016-06-28 |
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