WO2013179704A1 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013179704A1 WO2013179704A1 PCT/JP2013/054999 JP2013054999W WO2013179704A1 WO 2013179704 A1 WO2013179704 A1 WO 2013179704A1 JP 2013054999 W JP2013054999 W JP 2013054999W WO 2013179704 A1 WO2013179704 A1 WO 2013179704A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- gas
- manifold
- flow path
- mixed
- Prior art date
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system.
- a fuel cell system using a fuel cell that generates power by an electrochemical reaction between a fuel gas (anode gas) and an oxidizing gas (cathode gas) as an energy source has attracted attention.
- a fuel cell used in such a fuel cell system for example, it has a fuel cell stack in which a plurality of single cells are stacked, and the fuel cell stack is sandwiched between end plates arranged at both ends in the cell stacking direction. Is known.
- the fuel gas discharged from the fuel cell stack (hydrogen off gas) is returned to the fuel cell stack and supplied again.
- the present applicant prevents the moisture contained in the fuel offgas from freezing at the junction of the fuel offgas and the newly supplied fuel gas, and facilitates auxiliary equipment in the fuel offgas circuit.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-228561 proposes a fuel cell system in which a confluence portion and a part of a fuel off-gas circulation path are provided on an end plate.
- the fuel cell system generally requires a high cooling capacity because the calorific value of the main body of the fuel cell stack and the auxiliary machinery is larger than that of, for example, an internal combustion engine system. In order to satisfy such requirements, it is desirable to increase the efficiency of exchanging heat generated in the fuel cell stack as much as possible.
- the fuel cell system described in Patent Document 1 since the merge portion of the fuel off gas and the new fuel gas is provided in the manifold, the already heated relatively high temperature fuel off gas is converted into the fuel cell stack. It is further heated by the heat generated in step 1, and it is difficult to say that the heat exchange efficiency is sufficiently high.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system capable of preventing the ice from flowing into the fuel cell stack even if the water in the fuel off-gas is frozen and ice is generated.
- a fuel cell system includes a fuel cell having a stack body having a plurality of cells that generate power by an electrochemical reaction between a fuel gas and an oxidizing gas, and a fuel from a fuel supply source to the stack body.
- the fuel gas off-circulation system includes a mixture containing fuel off-gas and fuel gas.
- a mixed fuel gas flow path formed so that the fuel gas flows along the inner surface direction of a substantially plate-shaped manifold installed in the stack body, and one side of the manifold (for example, the outer surface side of the manifold: mixed fuel gas)
- the fuel-off gas and the fuel gas are merged to obtain a mixed fuel gas.
- a flow unit a substantially plate-shaped manifold installed in the stack body, and one side of the manifold (for example, the outer surface side of the manifold: mixed fuel gas)
- the fuel off-gas discharged from the stack body is mixed with the newly supplied fuel gas at the junction, and the mixed fuel gas obtained thereby becomes the mixed fuel gas flow path. Flows in along the inner surface of the manifold and is inserted into the stack body. At this time, since the relatively high-temperature fuel off-gas and the relatively low-temperature fuel gas are mixed, the temperature of the mixed fuel gas generated at the joining portion is lower than the temperature of the fuel off-gas. And since the mixed fuel gas flows in the manifold, it is possible to take more heat generated in the stack body than the fuel off-gas before merging with the fuel gas flows in the manifold. As a result, the heat exchange efficiency is enhanced, and freezing of moisture contained in the fuel off gas can be further suppressed as compared with the conventional case.
- the mixed fuel gas obtained at the merging portion flows along the inner surface direction of the manifold after passing through the merging portion, the distance of the mixed fuel gas passage is easily increased (longened). Therefore, even if ice derived from moisture in the fuel off-gas is generated in the mixed fuel gas flow path, the ice is easily melted until the mixed fuel gas reaches the stack body.
- the mixed fuel gas flow path may be defined between the manifold and a terminal disposed adjacent to the manifold. This makes it easier to form the mixed fuel gas flow path so as to extend in a pipe shape and in the plane direction, so that the mixed fuel gas flowing through the mixed fuel gas flow path generates heat generated in the stack body. Makes it easier and more directly heated.
- the temperature between the manifold (for example, the stack manifold) and the terminal is close (high) to the cell temperature, it is possible to more reliably prevent water from the fuel off-gas contained in the mixed fuel gas from being frozen.
- “Terminal” means, for example, an electrical connection that is installed at the end of the stack, takes out the electricity generated by the stack, contacts the cell for current collection, and is equivalent or substantially equivalent to the cell. The member which has a plane part of the width of is shown.
- the mixed fuel gas flow path is provided in the manifold, and the refrigerant supplied to the stack main body is discharged from the stack main body.
- the refrigerant outlet flow path is provided in the manifold, and is supplied to the stack main body. It is also preferable to form the oxidant gas between the oxidant gas outlet flow path from which the oxidant gas is discharged from the stack body. In such a configuration, the temperature at the refrigerant outlet and the oxidizing gas outlet tends to be higher than other parts due to the exhaust heat from the stack body, so that the effect of preventing freezing of moisture contained in the mixed fuel gas is further enhanced. It is done.
- the merging portion is provided in the vicinity of the manifold, it is possible to more reliably prevent water from the fuel off-gas contained in the mixed fuel gas from being frozen.
- the fuel off-gas circulation system may have a pump for circulating the fuel off-gas, and the junction may be provided in the pump housing and downstream of the pump chamber outlet.
- the heat transfer from the motor part of the pump for circulating the fuel off gas further enhances the effect of preventing freezing of water derived from the fuel off gas contained in the mixed fuel gas.
- the mixed fuel gas flow path is extended from a portion corresponding to the central portion of the stack body to a fuel gas inlet flow path provided at the edge of the manifold.
- the stack body may be singular (so-called one stack structure) or plural (for example, two stack structure), and when the stack body is composed of a required number of cells arranged in a row (that is, singular). May be read as “central part of the stack body” as “central part of the cell”.
- the opposing area of the cell or the stack body particularly the opposing area of the central part of the cell or the stack body, is hotter than the outer peripheral part, so the mixed fuel gas is removed from the part corresponding to the central part of the stack body.
- the inlet of the fuel off gas to the pump and the outlet of the mixed fuel gas from the pump are arranged on a vertical line or a substantially vertical line.
- the vertical relationship between the pump chamber inlet and the pump chamber outlet is not particularly limited.
- the pump chamber inlet may be disposed on the lower side and the pump chamber outlet may be disposed on the upper side. preferable. In this way, it is possible to effectively prevent water generated by condensation of water vapor in the fuel offgas in the flow path of the fuel offgas in the pump, and from the pump chamber after the pump is stopped. The drainage performance is improved.
- the mixed fuel gas flow path may be formed such that its lowermost surface is positioned vertically below the lowermost surface of the pump chamber outlet flow path of the pump.
- the mixed fuel gas flow path is formed such that its lowermost surface is positioned vertically below the lowermost surface of the mixed fuel gas inlet flow path provided in the manifold for supplying the mixed fuel gas to the stack body. May be. If comprised in this way, it will become possible to suppress the penetration
- the present invention it is possible to remarkably improve the heat exchange efficiency when the fuel offgas and the new fuel gas are mixed and supplied to the stack body of the fuel cell, and in the fuel offgas. Even when the water freezes and ice is generated, it is possible to more reliably prevent the ice from flowing into the stack body.
- FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram showing a preferred embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the present invention. It is a top view which shows the structure of a fuel cell stack roughly. It is a front view which shows the state by which the circulation electric pump was installed in the surface of the stack manifold. It is a front view which shows only the surface of a stack manifold (surface of the state which removed the circulation electric pump from the state shown in FIG. 3).
- FIG. 5 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a pump rotor portion of the circulating electric pump taken along line VV shown in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a pump rotor portion of the circulating electric pump taken along line VI-VI shown in FIG. 3. It is a front view which shows the back surface of a stack manifold.
- FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram showing a preferred embodiment of a fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 1 shown in the figure includes an in-vehicle power generation system in a vehicle such as a fuel cell vehicle, a power generation system for any moving body such as a ship, an aircraft, a train, or a walking robot, and a building (house, house, etc. It is applicable to a stationary power generation system or the like used as a power generation facility.
- the fuel cell system 1 is a fuel having, for example, one fuel cell stack 10 (stack body) in which a required number of single cells that generate electric power by generating an electrochemical reaction by receiving an oxidant gas and a fuel gas are stacked.
- a battery is provided.
- a cathode-based oxidizing gas supply system 2 that adjusts the gas supply of air as an oxidizing gas to the fuel cell stack 10 and a hydrogen gas supply as a fuel gas are adjusted.
- An anode fuel gas supply system 3 and a refrigerant supply system 4 for cooling the fuel cell stack 10 are provided.
- the oxidizing gas supply system 2 has a humidifier 20, an air supply pipe 21, an air discharge pipe 22, and a discharge pipe 23.
- the air supply pipe 21 is for supplying the air humidified by the humidifier 20 to the fuel cell stack 10.
- the air supply pipe 21 is provided with a compressor 24 that takes in air in the atmosphere and pumps it to the humidifier 20.
- the air discharge pipe 22 is for leading the air off gas (oxidation off gas) discharged from the fuel cell stack 10 to the humidifier 20.
- the exhaust pipe 23 is for leading the air off gas from the humidifier 20 to the outside.
- the fuel gas supply system 3 includes a hydrogen tank 30 as a fuel supply source storing high-pressure hydrogen gas, a fuel supply pipe 31, and a circulation pipe 32.
- the fuel supply pipe 31 is for supplying hydrogen gas from the hydrogen tank 30 to the fuel cell stack 10.
- the fuel supply pipe 31 is provided with a regulator 33 with a shutoff valve that cuts off or allows the supply of hydrogen gas from the hydrogen tank 30 and adjusts the pressure of the hydrogen gas when allowed.
- the circulation pipe 32 is for returning the hydrogen off-gas (fuel off-gas) discharged from the fuel cell stack 10 to the junction 32c in the fuel supply pipe 31 through the pipe 32b.
- the hydrogen off-gas and the hydrogen gas from the hydrogen tank 30 are mixed in the junction 32 c, and the obtained mixed hydrogen gas (mixed fuel gas) passes through the fuel supply pipe 31.
- the fuel cell stack 10 is configured to pass through.
- a gas-liquid separator 34 for supplying the hydrogen off-gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 10 to the fuel cell stack 10 again is provided in the piping 32b of the circulation pipe 32.
- This gas-liquid separator 34 is for gas-liquid separation of the hydrogen off-gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 10, so that a part or most of the moisture contained in the hydrogen off-gas is recovered. It has become.
- a discharge valve 36 is provided in the discharge pipe 35 connected to the gas-liquid separator 34.
- This discharge valve 36 is operated by a command from a control device (not shown), and discharges the hydrogen off-gas containing moisture collected by the gas-liquid separator 34 and impurities in the circulation pipe 32 to the outside through the discharge pipe 35 (purge). ).
- a circulation electric pump 37 (pump) for adjusting the circulation of the gas is provided.
- the circulation electric pump 37 functions as a pump for fuel off-gas circulation.
- the fuel off-gas circulation system is configured from the fuel gas supply system 3 excluding the hydrogen tank 30, the regulator 33 with the shutoff valve, the discharge pipe 35, and the discharge valve 36.
- the refrigerant supply system 4 has a refrigerant pipe 41 communicating with the cooling flow path in each fuel cell stack 10.
- the refrigerant pipe 41 is provided with a cooling pump 42 for circulating a refrigerant (for example, cooling water) and a radiator 43 for cooling the refrigerant discharged from the fuel cell stack 10.
- a bypass pipe 44 that bypasses the radiator 43 is connected between the cooling pump 42 and the radiator 43, and the flow of the refrigerant to the radiator 43 and the bypass pipe 44 is adjusted at the connection portion.
- a switching valve 45 is installed.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view (top view) schematically showing the configuration of the fuel cell stack 10.
- each of the fuel cell stacks 10 is configured by laminating a required number of single cells 11 as power generation units, and in a state where the stacking directions of the single cells 11 are arranged in parallel. , And sandwiched between a pair of end plates 12 and 13 having a long plate shape disposed at both ends in the stacking direction. The end plates 12 and 13 are connected to each other by a tension plate (not shown).
- the fuel cell stack 10 sandwiched between the end plates 12 and 13 in this manner is housed in, for example, the stack case 14, and in this state, the fuel cell stack 10 is mounted in a horizontal direction in a vehicle body of the automobile. Installed.
- the fuel cell stack 10 will be described on the basis of the posture when the fuel cell stack 10 is installed as such. That is, for example, in FIG. 2 and FIGS. 3 to 7 to be described later, the illustrated X axis indicates the horizontal direction in which the fuel cell stack 10 is installed, and the Y axis is provided with a plurality of single cells 11 arranged in parallel. The horizontal direction is indicated, and the Z-axis indicates a direction perpendicular to them, that is, a vertical direction.
- a stack manifold 6 (manifold) having a substantially plate shape is provided between one end plate 12 and the fuel cell stack 10.
- the stack manifold 6 includes a part of the circulation pipe 32, a regulator 33 with a shut-off valve, The gas-liquid separator 34, the discharge pipe 35, the discharge valve 36, and the circulation electric pump 37 are attached in an appropriate arrangement (in FIG. 2, only the circulation electric pump 37 is shown. ).
- the circulation electric pump 37 includes an electric motor unit 50 that receives power supply and generates a rotational driving force, and a pump rotor unit 51 that rotates with the driving force of the electric motor unit 50 and sucks and discharges hydrogen off-gas.
- the electric motor unit 50 and the pump rotor unit 51 are arranged in parallel in this direction so that the directions of the rotation axes coincide with each other, thereby forming a long shape in the direction of the rotation axis.
- FIG. 3 is a front view showing a state in which the circulation electric pump 37 is installed on the surface 6a of the stack manifold 6.
- FIG. 4 shows only the surface 6a of the stack manifold 6 (in other words, from the state shown in FIG. 3). It is a front view which shows the surface 6a) of the state which removed the circulation electric pump 37.
- FIG. 4 shows only the surface 6a of the stack manifold 6 (in other words, from the state shown in FIG. 3). It is a front view which shows the surface 6a) of the state which removed the circulation electric pump 37.
- the circulating electric pump 37 is directly connected to the surface 6a of the stack manifold 6 without a connection member such as a pipe or a relay member.
- a hydrogen gas inlet 52 supplied from the hydrogen gas tank 30 is provided on the side wall of the pump rotor portion 51 of the circulating electric pump 37.
- the stack manifold 6 has an inlet 61 a for introducing hydrogen off gas from the fuel cell stack 10 to the pump rotor portion 51 at a position corresponding to the pump rotor portion 51 of the circulating electric pump 37.
- a lead-out port 61b for leading the mixed hydrogen gas (mixed fuel gas) obtained by mixing the hydrogen off gas and the newly supplied hydrogen gas in the pump rotor unit 51 to the fuel cell stack 10 is formed.
- the pump rotor 51 of the circulation electric pump 37 has a pump chamber inlet 53a (fuel off-gas inlet to the pump) and a pump chamber outlet 53b (in a position corresponding to the inlet 61a and outlet 61b). The outlet of the mixed fuel gas from the pump is provided (indicated by arrows in FIG. 4).
- FIG. 4 illustrates an aspect in which the pump chamber inlet 51a and the inlet 61a are provided on the lower side, and the pump chamber outlet 51b and the outlet 61b are provided on the upper side along the alternate long and short dash line Vz.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the pump rotor portion 51 of the circulating electric pump 37 along the line VV shown in FIG. 3, and FIG. 6 shows the circulating electric pump 37 along the line VI-VI shown in FIG. It is a general
- FIG. 7 is a front view showing the back surface 6 b of the stack manifold 6.
- the pump rotor portion 51c fixed to the stack manifold 6 has a pump chamber outlet via a hydrogen gas G1 (fuel gas) supplied from the hydrogen gas tank 30 and a pump chamber 54 in the pump rotor portion 51c.
- Hydrogen off-gas G2 (fuel off-gas) derived from 53b flows individually.
- the hydrogen gas G1 and the hydrogen off gas G2 are merged and mixed on the downstream side of the pump chamber outlet 53b to obtain a mixed hydrogen gas G3 (mixed fuel gas).
- the merging portion 32c described in FIG. 1 is in the housing of the pump rotor portion 51 of the circulating electric pump 37 (inside the pump chamber 54), downstream from the pump chamber outlet 53b, and in the stack manifold 6. It is provided in the vicinity.
- merging part 32c is arrange
- the mixed hydrogen gas G ⁇ b> 3 thus obtained circulates in the pump chamber outlet flow path Rd extending in the Y direction from the pump chamber outlet 53 b provided on the side wall of the pump chamber 54.
- the fuel is introduced from the outlet 61b of the stack manifold 6 to the mixed fuel gas flow path Rk.
- the lowermost surface of the mixed fuel gas flow path Rk indicated by the dashed-dotted line Hk in the drawing is the lowermost surface of the pump chamber outlet flow path Rd indicated by the dashed-dotted line Hd in the drawing. It is formed so as to be positioned vertically downward.
- the mixed fuel gas G3 introduced from the outlet 61b to the back surface 6b (inner surface; the surface facing the fuel cell stack 10) of the stack manifold 6 is mixed with the back surface 6b of the stack manifold 6;
- a mixed fuel gas flow path Rk defined between terminals (not shown) of the fuel cell stack 10 arranged so as to be adjacent to the stack manifold 6 is arranged along the stack manifold 6 in a horizontal direction (not shown). In the X direction).
- the mixed fuel gas flow path Rk is formed such that the mixed fuel gas G3 flows along the inner surface direction (X direction on the back surface 6b) of the substantially manifold plate manifold 6 installed in the fuel cell stack 10. Has been.
- the mixed fuel gas flow path Rk communicates with the mixed fuel gas inlet flow path 62 formed at the edge of the stack manifold 6 at the end thereof, and the mixed hydrogen gas G3 is mixed with the mixed fuel gas inlet flow.
- the fuel cell stack 10 is supplied from the opening of the passage 62.
- the mixed fuel gas flow path Rk is a mixed fuel gas inlet flow path provided at the edge of the stack manifold 6 from a portion corresponding to the center of the fuel cell stack 10 (the outlet 61b of the stack manifold 6). It extends to 62.
- the mixed fuel gas flow path Rk and the mixed fuel gas inlet flow path 62 are the mixed fuel indicated by the one-dot chain line H62 in FIG. It is formed so as to be positioned vertically below the lowermost surface of the gas inlet channel 62.
- the stack manifold 6 includes a refrigerant outlet channel 64a for supplying a refrigerant to the fuel cell stack 10 by the refrigerant supply system 4, a refrigerant outlet channel 64b for discharging the refrigerant from the fuel cell stack 10, an oxidizing gas.
- An oxidizing gas inlet channel 66a for supplying the oxidizing gas to the fuel cell stack 10 by the supply system 2 and an oxidizing gas outlet channel 66b for discharging the oxidizing gas from the fuel cell stack 10 are formed to be open. .
- the mixed fuel gas flow path Rk is provided in the stack manifold 6 between the refrigerant outlet flow path 64b and the oxidizing gas outlet flow path 66b.
- the hydrogen off-gas G2 discharged from the fuel cell stack 10 is mixed with the hydrogen gas G1 newly supplied from the hydrogen gas tank 30 at the junction 32c.
- the mixed fuel gas G3 is obtained.
- the mixed fuel gas G3 flows into the mixed fuel gas flow path Rk, flows along the inner surface direction of the stack manifold 6, and is inserted into the fuel cell stack 10.
- the temperature of the mixed hydrogen gas G3 generated in the junction 32c is lower than the temperature of the hydrogen off-gas G2.
- the relatively low temperature mixed hydrogen gas G3 in which the hydrogen off gas G2 and the hydrogen gas G1 are mixed flows through the stack manifold 6, so that the hydrogen off gas G2 before joining the hydrogen gas G1 flows through the stack manifold 6.
- the heat exchange efficiency is increased, and it is possible to effectively prevent the moisture contained in the hydrogen off gas G2 from freezing.
- the mixed hydrogen gas G3 obtained at the merging portion 32c in the pump rotor portion 51 of the circulating electric pump 37 flows along the inner surface direction of the stack manifold 6 after passing through the merging portion 32c. It is possible to ensure a sufficiently large (long) distance of the flow path Rk. As a result, even if ice derived from moisture in the hydrogen off-gas G2 is generated in the mixed hydrogen gas flow path Rk, the ice is melted before the mixed hydrogen gas G3 reaches the fuel cell stack 10. There is an advantage that it is easy to make.
- the mixed hydrogen gas flow path Rk is defined between the stack manifold 6 and a terminal disposed adjacent to the stack manifold 6 and extends in a pipe shape in the plane direction.
- the mixed hydrogen gas G3 flowing through Rk is more easily heated more directly by the heat generated in the fuel cell stack 10, and the heat exchange efficiency can be further improved.
- the temperature between the stack manifold 6 and the terminal is a high temperature close to the temperature of the single cell 11, so that the water derived from the hydrogen offgas G2 contained in the mixed hydrogen gas G3 is frozen. Can be prevented more reliably.
- the mixed fuel gas flow path Rk is provided between the refrigerant outlet flow path 64b and the oxidizing gas outlet flow path 66b, and the opening of the refrigerant outlet flow path 64b in the stack manifold 6 and the oxidizing gas outlet flow path 66b. Since the temperature of the opening of the fuel cell stack 10 tends to become higher than that of other parts due to exhaust heat from the fuel cell stack 10, the effect of preventing freezing of moisture contained in the mixed hydrogen gas G2 can be further enhanced.
- the merging portion 32c of the hydrogen gas G1 and the hydrogen off gas G2 is provided in the housing of the pump rotor portion 51 of the circulating electric pump 37 (inside the pump chamber 54) and downstream of the pump chamber outlet 53b, The heat from the electric motor unit 50 of the circulating electric pump 37 is conducted to the housing of the pump rotor unit 51, so that the effect of preventing freezing of water derived from the hydrogen off-gas G2 contained in the mixed hydrogen gas G3 can be further enhanced. .
- the fact that the joining portion 32c of the hydrogen gas G1 and the hydrogen off gas G2 is provided in the vicinity of the stack manifold 6 also more reliably prevents moisture from the fuel off gas G2 contained in the mixed hydrogen gas G3 from freezing. can do.
- the mixed fuel gas flow path Rk extends from the portion corresponding to the central portion of the fuel cell stack 10 (the outlet 61a of the stack manifold 6) to the mixed fuel gas inlet flow path 62, the mixed hydrogen gas G3 is introduced into the fuel cell stack 10 from the facing region of the unit cell 11 and the fuel cell stack 10 that are relatively high temperature, in particular, from the facing region in the center of the single cell 11 and the fuel cell stack 10. Therefore, the effect of preventing freezing of moisture derived from the hydrogen off-gas G2 contained in the mixed hydrogen gas G3 can be further enhanced.
- the circulating electric pump 37 is directly connected to the surface 6a of the stack manifold 6 without using a connecting member such as a pipe or a relay member, the assembling property of the circulating electric pump 37 to the stack manifold 6 is greatly increased. As a result, the economy can be improved by simplifying the structure and reducing the number of man-hours.
- the pump chamber inlet 51a and the pump chamber outlet 51b are arranged on the vertical line or substantially on the vertical line, the water vapor in the hydrogen off gas G2 condenses in the flow path of the hydrogen off gas G2 in the circulating electric pump 37. Thus, it is possible to effectively prevent the generated moisture from staying. Thereby, after the circulation electric pump 37 stops, the drainage property from the pump chamber 54 of the pump rotor part 51 can be improved.
- the mixed fuel gas flow path Rk and the mixed fuel gas inlet flow path 62 are such that the lowermost surface of the mixed fuel gas flow path Rk (the chain line Hk in FIGS. 6 and 7) is the uppermost position of the mixed fuel gas inlet flow path 62. Since it is configured to be positioned vertically below the lower surface (dashed line H62 in FIG. 7), from the mixed fuel gas flow path Rk into the pump chamber 54 of the pump rotor portion 51 of the circulating electric pump 37, and Intrusion of droplets (water droplets) into each single cell 11 of the fuel cell stack 10 can be effectively suppressed.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without changing the gist thereof.
- the vertical relationship between the pump chamber inlet 51a and the pump chamber outlet 51b is not particularly limited, but considering the flow of fuel off gas, the pump chamber inlet 51a is disposed on the lower side as shown in FIG. It is preferable to arrange the outlet 51b on the upper side. Further, a single fuel cell stack may be used.
- the present invention can remarkably improve the heat exchange efficiency when mixing the fuel offgas and new fuel gas and supplying them to the stack body of the fuel cell, and the moisture in the fuel offgas can be reduced. Even if ice is generated by freezing, it is possible to more reliably prevent the ice from flowing into the stack body, so that fuel cells in general, vehicles equipped with fuel cells, equipment, It can be used widely and effectively in systems, equipment, etc. and their production.
- Fuel cell system 2 Oxidizing gas supply system 3: Fuel gas supply system (part of which also serves as a fuel off-gas circulation system) 4: Refrigerant supply system 6: Stack manifold (manifold) 6a: Surface 6b of stack manifold 6: Back surface of stack manifold 6: Fuel cell stack (stack body) 11: Single cell (cell) 12, 13: End plate 14: Stack case 20: Humidifier 21: Air supply pipe 22: Air discharge pipe 23: Discharge pipe 24: Compressor 30: Hydrogen tank (fuel supply source) 31: Fuel supply pipe 32: Circulation pipe 32b: Pipe 32c: Junction part 33: Regulator with shutoff valve 34: Gas-liquid separator 35: Discharge pipe 36: Discharge valve 37: Circulation electric pump (pump) 41: Refrigerant piping 42: Cooling pump 43: Radiator 44: Bypass piping 45: Switching valve 50: Electric motor unit 51: Pump rotor unit 52: Inlet 52 53a: Pump chamber inlet (fuel off gas in
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- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
)。
2:酸化ガス供給系
3:燃料ガス供給系(一部が燃料オフガス循環系を兼ねる)
4:冷媒供給系
6:スタックマニホールド(マニホールド)
6a:スタックマニホールド6の表面
6b:スタックマニホールド6の裏面
10:燃料電池スタック(スタック本体)
11:単セル(セル)
12,13:エンドプレート
14:スタックケース
20:加湿器
21:空気供給配管
22:空気排出配管
23:排出配管
24:コンプレッサ
30:水素タンク(燃料供給源)
31:燃料供給配管
32:循環配管
32b:配管
32c:合流部
33:遮断弁付レギュレータ
34:気液分離器
35:排出配管
36:排出弁
37:循環電動ポンプ(ポンプ)
41:冷媒配管
42:冷却ポンプ
43:ラジエータ
44:バイパス配管
45:切替弁
50:電動モータ部
51:ポンプロータ部
52:導入口52
53a:ポンプ室入口(ポンプへの燃料オフガスの入口)
53b:ポンプ室出口(ポンプからの混合燃料ガスの出口)
54:ポンプ室
61a:導入口
61b:導出口
62:混合燃料ガス入口流路
64a:冷媒入口流路
64b:冷媒出口流路
66a:酸化ガス入口流路
66b:酸化ガス出口流路
G1:水素ガス(燃料ガス)
G2:水素オフガス(燃料オフガス)
G3:混合水素ガス(混合燃料ガス)
Hd:ポンプ室出口流路Rdの最下面
Hk:混合燃料ガス流路Rkの最下面
H62:混合燃料ガス入口流路62の最下面
Rd:ポンプ室出口流路
Rk:混合燃料ガス流路
Claims (10)
- 燃料ガスと酸化ガスとの電気化学反応により発電を行うセルを複数有するスタック本体を有する燃料電池と、
燃料供給源から前記スタック本体に前記燃料ガスを供給する燃料ガス供給系と、
前記スタック本体から排出された燃料オフガスを前記スタック本体に再供給する燃料オフガス循環系と、
を備えており、
前記燃料ガスオフ循環系は、前記燃料オフガス及び前記燃料ガスを含む混合燃料ガスが、前記スタック本体に設置された略板状をなすマニホールドの内面方向に沿って流れるように形成された混合燃料ガス流路と、前記マニホールドの一面側に配置され、且つ、前記燃料オフガスと前記燃料ガスとが合流して前記混合燃料ガスが得られる合流部と、を有する、
燃料電池システム。 - 前記混合燃料ガス流路は、前記マニホールドと、該マニホールドに隣接して配置されたターミナルとの間に画成される、
請求項1記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記混合燃料ガス流路は、前記マニホールドに設けられ、且つ、前記スタック本体に供給された冷媒が該スタック本体から排出される冷媒出口流路と、前記マニホールドに設けられ、且つ、前記スタック本体に供給された前記酸化ガスが該スタック本体から排出される酸化ガス出口流路と、の間に形成される、
請求項1記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記合流部は、前記マニホールドの近傍に設けられている、
請求項1記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃料オフガス循環系は、前記燃料オフガスを循環させるポンプを有しており、
前記合流部は、前記ポンプのハウジング内且つポンプ室出口よりも下流に設けられている、
請求項1記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記混合燃料ガス流路は、前記スタック本体の中央部に対応する部位から、前記マニホールドの縁部に設けられた燃料ガス入口流路まで延設されている、
請求項1記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記ポンプは、前記マニホールドに直接(配管等を介さずに)接続されている、
請求項5記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記ポンプへの前記燃料オフガスの入口、及び、前記ポンプからの前記混合燃料ガスの出口が、鉛直線上又は略鉛直線上に配設される、
請求項5記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記混合燃料ガス流路は、該混合燃料ガス流路の最下面が、前記ポンプのポンプ室出口流路の最下面よりも鉛直下方に位置するように形成される、
請求項5記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記混合燃料ガス流路は、該混合燃料ガス流路の最下面が、前記スタック本体へ前記混合燃料ガスを供給するために前記マニホールドに設けられた混合燃料ガス入口流路の最下面よりも鉛直下方に位置するように形成される、
請求項6記載の燃料電池システム。
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DE112013002725.9T DE112013002725B8 (de) | 2012-06-01 | 2013-02-26 | Brennstoffzellensystem |
US14/403,270 US9692064B2 (en) | 2012-06-01 | 2013-02-26 | Fuel cell system |
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KR101714295B1 (ko) * | 2016-01-06 | 2017-03-09 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료전지 |
JP6788836B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-05 | 2020-11-25 | スズキ株式会社 | 燃料電池船 |
JP6819252B2 (ja) | 2016-12-05 | 2021-01-27 | スズキ株式会社 | 燃料電池船 |
JP7006365B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-23 | 2022-02-10 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP7152241B2 (ja) * | 2018-10-12 | 2022-10-12 | 株式会社Soken | 流体合流継手 |
JP2020119850A (ja) * | 2019-01-28 | 2020-08-06 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 燃料電池 |
EP4027054A4 (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2022-11-02 | NISSAN MOTOR Co., Ltd. | COMBUSTION CHAMBER AND FUEL CELL SYSTEM WITH IT |
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JP2008171655A (ja) | 2007-01-11 | 2008-07-24 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム |
JP4403563B2 (ja) | 2008-06-10 | 2010-01-27 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池の車載構造 |
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JP2001143734A (ja) * | 1999-11-12 | 2001-05-25 | Isuzu Motors Ltd | 燃料電池組立体 |
JP2007141780A (ja) * | 2005-11-22 | 2007-06-07 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
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DE112013002725T5 (de) | 2015-03-05 |
JP5733578B2 (ja) | 2015-06-10 |
DE112013002725B8 (de) | 2021-10-28 |
DE112013002725B4 (de) | 2021-09-09 |
CN104380512B (zh) | 2016-10-12 |
JP2013251178A (ja) | 2013-12-12 |
US9692064B2 (en) | 2017-06-27 |
CN104380512A (zh) | 2015-02-25 |
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