WO2013178691A1 - Internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas supercharging system and an exhaust gas recirculation system - Google Patents

Internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas supercharging system and an exhaust gas recirculation system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013178691A1
WO2013178691A1 PCT/EP2013/061090 EP2013061090W WO2013178691A1 WO 2013178691 A1 WO2013178691 A1 WO 2013178691A1 EP 2013061090 W EP2013061090 W EP 2013061090W WO 2013178691 A1 WO2013178691 A1 WO 2013178691A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
fixed bed
internal combustion
combustion engine
adsorbent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/061090
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Plamen TOSHEV
Stephan SCHLÜTER
Original Assignee
Man Diesel & Turbo Se
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Man Diesel & Turbo Se filed Critical Man Diesel & Turbo Se
Priority to FI20146158A priority Critical patent/FI127439B/en
Priority to CN201380028817.3A priority patent/CN104411960B/en
Priority to KR1020147036366A priority patent/KR101687093B1/en
Publication of WO2013178691A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013178691A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
    • B01D53/82—Solid phase processes with stationary reactants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
    • F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
    • F02B29/0406—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
    • F02B29/0412—Multiple heat exchangers arranged in parallel or in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
    • F02M26/05—High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
    • F02M26/08—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines for engines having two or more intake charge compressors or exhaust gas turbines, e.g. a turbocharger combined with an additional compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/34—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with compressors, turbines or the like in the recirculation passage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/35—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with means for cleaning or treating the recirculated gases, e.g. catalysts, condensate traps, particle filters or heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
    • B01D2253/108—Zeolites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/30—Physical properties of adsorbents
    • B01D2253/302—Dimensions
    • B01D2253/306—Surface area, e.g. BET-specific surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
    • B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/40083—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular a large diesel engine such as a marine diesel engine, according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating such an internal combustion engine.
  • the internal combustion engine known from this prior art comprises an exhaust gas charge with two exhaust gas turbochargers, wherein each exhaust gas turbocharger comprises a compressor and a turbine.
  • the two turbochargers are connected in series in series.
  • the exhaust gas recirculation of the internal combustion engine according to DE 10 2008 061 399 A1 serves for the diversion of exhaust gas from the exhaust gas flow immediately after the internal combustion engine and the mixture of the exhaust gas with compressed charge air between the two compressors of the two exhaust gas turbochargers connected in series, according to this prior art exhaust gas recirculation a desulphurisation device is assigned in order to remove sulfur and other acidic components from the exhaust gas flow.
  • the desulfurization device is an exhaust gas scrubber in which scrubbing water treated with sodium hydroxide or with other chemicals is used for exhaust gas desulfurization.
  • Such scrubbers require a complex water treatment and a high water use.
  • exhaust scrubbers can only be used in 2-stroke internal combustion engines.
  • the invention is based on the object to provide a novel internal combustion engine and a method for operating the same.
  • This object is achieved by an internal combustion engine according to claim 1.
  • the desulfurization device is designed as a fixed bed adsorber.
  • the invention it is proposed for the first time to carry out a desulphurisation of the exhaust gas in the region of the exhaust gas recirculation with a desulphurisation device designed as a fixed bed adsorber.
  • a desulphurisation device designed as a fixed bed adsorber.
  • This has the advantage that it can be dispensed with a required for waste gas scrubbers water treatment. Furthermore, the required water consumption can be drastically reduced.
  • the invention can be used both in 2-stroke internal combustion engines and in 4-stroke internal combustion engines.
  • An exhaust gas recirculation cooler is preferably provided upstream of the fixed bed top in order to cool the exhaust gas to be conducted via the fixed bed top. Cooling the exhaust gas in the area of the exhaust gas recirculation with the exhaust gas recirculation cooler before passing the exhaust gas over the fixed bed adsorber allows operation of the fixed bed adsorber under optimum operating conditions.
  • the fixed bed adsorber in an operating mode of the desulfurization of exhaust gas and in a regeneration mode of the regeneration of the adsorbent of Festbettadsorbers.
  • a condensate collector is associated with the exhaust gas recirculation cooler, wherein condensate collected in the regeneration mode for regeneration of the adsorbent in the condensate collector can be used for washing the adsorbent.
  • highly efficient desulphurization of the exhaust gas in the region of the exhaust gas recirculation can be ensured by regeneration of the fixed bed adsorber without the need for replacing the adsorbent.
  • the regeneration of the adsorbent of the fixed-bed adsorber with the aid of condensed water is process-technically simple and inexpensive.
  • the inventive method for operating an internal combustion engine is defined in claim 8.
  • Fig. 1 a diagram of an internal combustion engine according to the invention.
  • the present invention relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular a large diesel engine such as a marine diesel engine.
  • a large diesel engine such as a marine diesel engine.
  • Such an internal combustion engine is described with heavy oil or marine diesel.
  • Such fuels usually have a high sulfur content.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine 10, which comprises a plurality of cylinders 1 1, in which fuel is burned.
  • the internal combustion engine 10 furthermore comprises an exhaust gas charge 12, in which exhaust gas is expanded in the exhaust gas charge and energy recovered thereby is used for the compression of charge air.
  • the internal combustion engine includes exhaust gas recirculation 13 to mix exhaust gas with charge air.
  • the exhaust gas charge 12 comprises two exhaust gas turbochargers 14 and 15, wherein each of the exhaust gas turbochargers 14 and 15 comprises a compressor 16 or 17 and a turbine 18 or 19.
  • the turbine 18 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 14 of the exhaust gas charging 12 according to FIG. 1 acts as a high-pressure turbine and the turbine 19 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 15 as a low-pressure turbine.
  • the compressor 17 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 15 acts as a low pressure compressor and the compressor 16 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 14 acts as a high pressure compressor.
  • Exhaust gas which leaves the cylinder 1 1 of the internal combustion engine 10, is first expanded in the region of the exhaust gas charge 12 in the region of the high-pressure turbine 18 and then in the region of the low-pressure turbine 19.
  • This energy is used to drive the respective compressor 16 and 17, wherein the high pressure turbine 18, the high pressure compressor 16 and the low pressure turbine 19 drives the low pressure compressor 17.
  • the charge air is first compressed in the region of the low-pressure compressor 17 and then the high-pressure compressor 16. 1, downstream of the compressor 17 of the exhaust-gas turbocharger 15 and downstream of the compressor 16 of the exhaust-gas turbocharger 14, a charge-air cooler 20 or 21 is respectively positioned in order to cool the respectively compressed charge air.
  • FIG. 1 engages downstream of the compressor 16 of the turbocharger 14 and upstream of the intercooler 20, a bypass line 22 with a bypass valve associated therewith 23, wherein via the bypass line 22 with open bypass valve 23 charge air to the internal combustion engine 10 over in the direction of the turbine 18 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 14 can be passed.
  • the exhaust gas charge 12 in the exemplary embodiment shown comprises two exhaust gas turbochargers 14 and 15.
  • a single-stage exhaust gas charge with only a single exhaust gas turbocharger can also be used.
  • the internal combustion engine 10 comprises, in addition to the exhaust charging 12, the exhaust gas recirculation 13, whereby exhaust gas is branched off via the exhaust gas recirculation 13 immediately after the internal combustion engine 10 and therefore upstream of the turbine 18 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 14, and via a desulfurization device 24 associated with the exhaust gas recirculation 13 to desulfurize the exhaust gas before it is mixed in the embodiment of FIG. 1 downstream of the charge air cooler 20 and therefore immediately before the internal combustion engine 10 with the compressed charge air.
  • the transport of the exhaust gas through the exhaust gas recirculation 13 on the one hand depends on the open position of an exhaust gas recirculation valve 25 and on the other hand on the rotational speed of an exhaust gas recirculation fan 26.
  • the fixed bed adsorber 27 preferably has the adsorbent in a bulk density of between 100 kg / m 3 and 800 kg / m 3 and / or with an active surface of between 100 m 2 / g and 1200 m 2 / g.
  • the fixed bed adsorber 27 is preceded by an exhaust gas recirculation cooler 28.
  • the exhaust gas recirculation cooler 28 serves to cool the exhaust gas conducted via the exhaust gas recirculation 13 when the exhaust gas recirculation valve 25 is open, before it is supplied to the fixed bed adsorber 27.
  • the fixed-bed adsorber 27 serves in a desulphurisation operating mode, which is routed via the exhaust gas recirculation 13, and regeneration of the adsorbent of the fixed-bed adsorber 27 in the regeneration mode.
  • regeneration of the fixed-bed adsorber 27 is effected by means of condensed water.
  • Fig. 1 shows that the exhaust gas recirculation cooler 28 is associated with a condensate collector 29, in which condensate forming during operation mode can be collected.
  • this condensed water can be removed from the condensate collector 29 by means of a feed pump 30 and passed over the adsorbent of the fixed-bed adsorber 27 in order to regenerate the adsorbent thereof.
  • the exhaust gas which is passed through the exhaust gas recirculation 13, cooled by means of exhaust gas recirculation cooler 28, namely such that the exhaust gas at a temperature between 30 ° C and 200 ° C, in particular a temperature between 30 ° C and 150 ° C, preferably at a temperature of about 90 ° C, over the fixed bed adsorber 27 can be performed, wherein the residence time of the exhaust gas in the region of the fixed bed adsorber 27 less than 10 seconds, preferably less than 5 seconds.
  • the regeneration mode of the fixed bed adsorber 17, which serves to regenerate the adsorbent thereof, is preferably carried out at fixed time intervals, for example once a day or even several times a day, depending on the sulfur load and the dimension of the absorber.
  • the regeneration mode lasts between 5 minutes and 10 minutes.
  • the internal combustion engine according to the invention allows a completely novel desulfurization de exhaust gas, which is guided over the exhaust gas recirculation 13. Desulphurisation takes place by means of a fixed-bed adsorber 27, the adsorbent preferably being activated carbon and / or zeolites.
  • Desulphurisation requires little water. On a complex water treatment, which is required in the prior art, can be dispensed with. Condensation and / or wastewater can be dusted in accordance with FIG. 1 downstream of the last turbine 19 into the exhaust or atomized in the corresponding exhaust pipe and disposed of.
  • the invention can be used both in 2-stroke internal combustion engines as well as in 4-stroke internal combustion engines.
  • the invention can be used both in internal combustion engines with a single-stage exhaust gas charge and in internal combustion engines with a multi-stage exhaust gas charge.
  • the invention is preferably used in large diesel engines, such as marine diesel engines.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine (10), in particular a large diesel engine such as a diesel internal combustion engine for a ship, comprising an at least one-stage exhaust gas supercharging system (12), which has at least one exhaust gas turbocharger (14, 15) having a compressor (16, 17) and a turbine (18, 19), and comprising an exhaust gas recirculation system (13), which diverts exhaust gas from the exhaust gas flow and mixes said exhaust gas with compressed charge air, wherein the exhaust gas recirculation system (13) comprises a desulfurizing device (24), which is used to desulfurize the exhaust gas conducted by means of the exhaust gas recirculation system (13), and wherein the desulfurizing device (24) is designed as a fixed-bed adsorber (27).

Description

Brennkraftmaschine mit Abgasaufladung und Abgasrückführung  Internal combustion engine with exhaust charging and exhaust gas recirculation
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einen Großdieselmotor wie eine Schiffdieselbrennkraftmaschine, nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 . Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen Brennkraftmaschine. The invention relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular a large diesel engine such as a marine diesel engine, according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating such an internal combustion engine.
Aus der DE 10 2008 061 399 A1 ist eine Brennkraftmaschine mit Abgasaufladung und Abgasrückführung bekannt. So umfasst die aus diesem Stand der Technik bekannte Brennkraftmaschine eine Abgasaufladung mit zwei Abgasturboladern, wobei jeder Abgasturbolader einen Verdichter und eine Turbine umfasst. Die beiden Abgasturbolader sind dabei in Serie hintereinander geschaltet. Die Abgas- rückführung der Brennkraftmaschine gemäß DE 10 2008 061 399 A1 dient der Abzweigung von Abgas vom Abgasstrom unmittelbar nach der Brennkraftmaschine und der Mischung des Abgases mit verdichteter Ladeluft zwischen den beiden Verdichtern der beiden hintereinander geschalteten Abgasturbolader, wobei nach diesem Stand der Technik der Abgasrückführung eine Entschwefelungseinrich- tung zugeordnet ist, um aus dem Abgasstrom Schwefel sowie andere saure Komponenten zu entfernen. Bei der Entschwefelungseinrichtung handelt sich dabei nach diesem Stand der Technik um einen Abgaswäscher, bei welchem mit Natronlauge oder mit anderen Chemikalien versetztes Waschwasser zur Abgasentschwefelung eingesetzt wird. Solche Abgaswäscher erfordern eine aufwendige Wasseraufbereitung und einen hohen Wassereinsatz. Ferner sind solche Abgaswäscher nur bei 2-Takt-Brennkraftmaschinen einsetzbar. From DE 10 2008 061 399 A1 an internal combustion engine with exhaust charging and exhaust gas recirculation is known. Thus, the internal combustion engine known from this prior art comprises an exhaust gas charge with two exhaust gas turbochargers, wherein each exhaust gas turbocharger comprises a compressor and a turbine. The two turbochargers are connected in series in series. The exhaust gas recirculation of the internal combustion engine according to DE 10 2008 061 399 A1 serves for the diversion of exhaust gas from the exhaust gas flow immediately after the internal combustion engine and the mixture of the exhaust gas with compressed charge air between the two compressors of the two exhaust gas turbochargers connected in series, according to this prior art exhaust gas recirculation a desulphurisation device is assigned in order to remove sulfur and other acidic components from the exhaust gas flow. According to this prior art, the desulfurization device is an exhaust gas scrubber in which scrubbing water treated with sodium hydroxide or with other chemicals is used for exhaust gas desulfurization. Such scrubbers require a complex water treatment and a high water use. Furthermore, such exhaust scrubbers can only be used in 2-stroke internal combustion engines.
Hievon ausgehend liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine neuartige Brennkraftmaschine und ein Verfahren zum Betreiben derselben zu schaffen. Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Brenn kraftmasch ine gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst. Erfindungsgemäß ist die Entschwefelungseinrichtung als Festbettadsorber ausgebildet. On this basis, the invention is based on the object to provide a novel internal combustion engine and a method for operating the same. This object is achieved by an internal combustion engine according to claim 1. According to the invention, the desulfurization device is designed as a fixed bed adsorber.
Mit der Erfindung wird erstmals vorgeschlagen, eine Entschwefelung des Abgases im Bereich der Abgasrückführung mit einer als Festbettadsorber ausgebildeten Entschwefelungseinrichtung durchzuführen. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass auf eine bei Abgaswäschern erforderliche Wasseraufbereitung verzichtet werden kann. Ferner kann der erforderliche Wasserverbrauch drastisch reduziert werden. Darüber hi- naus kann die Erfindung sowohl bei 2-Takt-Brennkraftmaschinen als auch bei 4- Takt-Brennkraftmaschinen genutzt werden. With the invention it is proposed for the first time to carry out a desulphurisation of the exhaust gas in the region of the exhaust gas recirculation with a desulphurisation device designed as a fixed bed adsorber. This has the advantage that it can be dispensed with a required for waste gas scrubbers water treatment. Furthermore, the required water consumption can be drastically reduced. In addition, the invention can be used both in 2-stroke internal combustion engines and in 4-stroke internal combustion engines.
Vorzugsweise ist dem Festbettadsober ein Abgasrückführkühler vorgelagert, um das über den Festbettadsober zu leitende Abgas zu kühlen. Die Kühlung des Ab- gases im Bereich der Abgasrückführung mithilfe des Abgasrückführkühlers vor Leitung des Abgases über den Festbettadsorber erlaubt einen Betrieb des Fest- bettadsorbers unter optimalen Betriebsbedingungen. An exhaust gas recirculation cooler is preferably provided upstream of the fixed bed top in order to cool the exhaust gas to be conducted via the fixed bed top. Cooling the exhaust gas in the area of the exhaust gas recirculation with the exhaust gas recirculation cooler before passing the exhaust gas over the fixed bed adsorber allows operation of the fixed bed adsorber under optimum operating conditions.
Nach einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung dient der Festbettadsorber in einem Be- triebsmodus der Entschwefelung von Abgas und in einem Regenerationsmodus der Regeneration des Adsorbens des Festbettadsorbers. Vorzugsweise ist dem Abgasrückführkühler ein Kondenswassersammler zugeordnet, wobei im Regenerationsmodus zur Regeneration des Adsorbens im Kondenswassersammler gesammeltes Kondenswasser zum Waschen des Adsorbens nutzbar ist. Dann, wenn der Festbettadsorber sowohl in einem Betriebsmodus als auch einem Regenerationsmodus betrieben werden kann, kann durch Regeneration des Festbettadsorbers ohne die Notwendigkeit eines Austausche des Adsorbens eine hocheffektive Entschwefelung des Abgases im Bereich der Abgasrückführung gewährleistet werden. Die Regeneration des Adsorbens des Festbettadsorbers mithilfe des Kondenswassers ist dabei prozesstechnisch einfach und kostengünstig. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brenn kraftmasch ine ist in Anspruch 8 definiert. According to an advantageous development of the fixed bed adsorber in an operating mode of the desulfurization of exhaust gas and in a regeneration mode of the regeneration of the adsorbent of Festbettadsorbers. Preferably, a condensate collector is associated with the exhaust gas recirculation cooler, wherein condensate collected in the regeneration mode for regeneration of the adsorbent in the condensate collector can be used for washing the adsorbent. Then, when the fixed bed adsorber can be operated in both an operating mode and a regeneration mode, highly efficient desulphurization of the exhaust gas in the region of the exhaust gas recirculation can be ensured by regeneration of the fixed bed adsorber without the need for replacing the adsorbent. The regeneration of the adsorbent of the fixed-bed adsorber with the aid of condensed water is process-technically simple and inexpensive. The inventive method for operating an internal combustion engine is defined in claim 8.
Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprü- chen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung. Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden, ohne hierauf beschränkt zu sein, an Hand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt: Preferred developments of the invention emerge from the subclaims and the following description. Embodiments of the invention will be described, without being limited thereto, with reference to the drawings. Showing:
Fig. 1 : ein Schema einer erfindungsgemäßen Brennkraftmaschine. Fig. 1: a diagram of an internal combustion engine according to the invention.
Die hier vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einen Großdieselmotor wie eine Schiffsdieselbrennkraftmaschine. Eine solche Brennkraftmaschine wird mit Schweröl bzw. Schiffsdiesel beschrieben. Solche Kraftstoffe weisen in der Regel einen hohen Schwefelgehalt auf. The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular a large diesel engine such as a marine diesel engine. Such an internal combustion engine is described with heavy oil or marine diesel. Such fuels usually have a high sulfur content.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematisierte Darstellung einer Brennkraftmaschine 10, die mehrere Zylinder 1 1 umfasst, in welchen Kraftstoff verbrannt wird. Die Brennkraftmaschine 10 umfasst weiterhin eine Abgasaufladung 12, wobei in der Abgasaufladung Abgas entspannt und hierbei gewonnene Energie zur Verdichtung von Ladeluft genutzt wird. Zusätzlich zur Abgasaufladung 12 umfasst die Brennkraftmaschine eine Abgasrückführung 13, um Abgas mit Ladeluft zu mischen. Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine 10, which comprises a plurality of cylinders 1 1, in which fuel is burned. The internal combustion engine 10 furthermore comprises an exhaust gas charge 12, in which exhaust gas is expanded in the exhaust gas charge and energy recovered thereby is used for the compression of charge air. In addition to exhaust charging 12, the internal combustion engine includes exhaust gas recirculation 13 to mix exhaust gas with charge air.
Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel umfasst die Abgasaufladung 12 zwei Abgasturbolader 14 und 15, wobei jeder der Abgasturbolader 14 und 15 einen Verdichter 16 bzw. 17 und eine Turbine 18 bzw. 19 umfasst. Die Turbine 18 des Abgasturboladers 14 der Abgasaufladung 12 gemäß Fig. 1 wirkt dabei als Hochdruckturbine und die Turbine 19 des Abgasturboladers 15 als Niederdruckturbine. Der Verdichter 17 des Abgasturboladers 15 wirkt als Niederdruckverdichter und der Verdichter 16 des Abgasturboladers 14 wirkt als Hochdruckverdichter. Abgas, welches die Zylinder 1 1 der Brennkraftmaschine 10 verlässt, wird im Bereich der Abgasaufladung 12 zunächst im Bereich der Hochdruckturbine 18 und anschließend im Bereich der Niederdruckturbine 19 entspannt. Hierbei gewonnene Energie wird zum Antreiben des jeweiligen Verdichters 16 bzw. 17 genutzt, wobei die Hochdruckturbine 18 den Hochdruckverdichter 16 und die Niederdruckturbine 19 den Niederdruckverdichter 17 antreibt. Die Ladeluft wird zunächst im Bereich des Niederdruckverdichters 17 und anschließend des Hochdruckverdichters 16 verdichtet. Wie Fig. 1 entnommen werden kann, ist stromabwärts des Verdichters 17 des Abgasturboladers 15 sowie stromabwärts des Verdichters 16 des Abgasturboladers 14 jeweils ein Ladeluftkühler 20 bzw. 21 positioniert, um die jeweils verdichtete Ladeluft zu kühlen. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the exhaust gas charge 12 comprises two exhaust gas turbochargers 14 and 15, wherein each of the exhaust gas turbochargers 14 and 15 comprises a compressor 16 or 17 and a turbine 18 or 19. The turbine 18 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 14 of the exhaust gas charging 12 according to FIG. 1 acts as a high-pressure turbine and the turbine 19 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 15 as a low-pressure turbine. The compressor 17 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 15 acts as a low pressure compressor and the compressor 16 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 14 acts as a high pressure compressor. Exhaust gas, which leaves the cylinder 1 1 of the internal combustion engine 10, is first expanded in the region of the exhaust gas charge 12 in the region of the high-pressure turbine 18 and then in the region of the low-pressure turbine 19. This energy is used to drive the respective compressor 16 and 17, wherein the high pressure turbine 18, the high pressure compressor 16 and the low pressure turbine 19 drives the low pressure compressor 17. The charge air is first compressed in the region of the low-pressure compressor 17 and then the high-pressure compressor 16. 1, downstream of the compressor 17 of the exhaust-gas turbocharger 15 and downstream of the compressor 16 of the exhaust-gas turbocharger 14, a charge-air cooler 20 or 21 is respectively positioned in order to cool the respectively compressed charge air.
Im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 greift stromabwärts des Verdichters 16 des Turboladers 14 und stromaufwärts des Ladeluftkühlers 20 eine Bypassleitung 22 mit einem derselben zugeordneten Bypassventil 23 an, wobei über die Bypassleitung 22 bei geöffnetem Bypassventil 23 Ladeluft an der Brennkraftmaschine 10 vorbei in Richtung auf die Turbine 18 des Abgasturboladers 14 geleitet werden kann. In the embodiment of FIG. 1 engages downstream of the compressor 16 of the turbocharger 14 and upstream of the intercooler 20, a bypass line 22 with a bypass valve associated therewith 23, wherein via the bypass line 22 with open bypass valve 23 charge air to the internal combustion engine 10 over in the direction of the turbine 18 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 14 can be passed.
Wie bereits ausgeführt, umfasst die Abgasaufladung 12 im gezeigten Ausfüh- rungsbeispiel zwei Abgasturbolader 14 und 15. Anstelle einer solchen 2-stufigen Abgasaufladung kann auch eine einstufige Abgasaufladung mit lediglich einem einzigen Abgasturbolader zum Einsatz kommen. As already stated, the exhaust gas charge 12 in the exemplary embodiment shown comprises two exhaust gas turbochargers 14 and 15. Instead of such a two-stage exhaust gas charge, a single-stage exhaust gas charge with only a single exhaust gas turbocharger can also be used.
Die Brennkraftmaschine 10 umfasst neben der Abgasaufladung 12 die Abgasrück- führung 13, wobei gemäß Fig. 1 über die Abgasrückführung 13 unmittelbar nach der Brennkraftmaschine 10 und demnach stromaufwärts der Turbine 18 des Abgasturboladers 14 Abgas abgezweigt und über eine der Abgasrückführung 13 zugeordnete Entschwefelungseinrichtung 24 geführt wird, um das Abgas zu entschwefeln, bevor dasselbe im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 1 stromabwärts des Ladeluftkühlers 20 und demnach unmittelbar vor der Brennkraftmaschine 10 mit der verdichteten Ladeluft gemischt wird. Im Unterschied zum gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist es auch möglich, das entschwefelte Abgas, welches über die Abgasrückführung 13 geführt wird, stromabwärts des Ladeluftkühlers 21 und stromaufwärts des Verdichters 16 mit der ver- dichteten Ladeluft zu mischen. The internal combustion engine 10 comprises, in addition to the exhaust charging 12, the exhaust gas recirculation 13, whereby exhaust gas is branched off via the exhaust gas recirculation 13 immediately after the internal combustion engine 10 and therefore upstream of the turbine 18 of the exhaust gas turbocharger 14, and via a desulfurization device 24 associated with the exhaust gas recirculation 13 to desulfurize the exhaust gas before it is mixed in the embodiment of FIG. 1 downstream of the charge air cooler 20 and therefore immediately before the internal combustion engine 10 with the compressed charge air. In contrast to the exemplary embodiment shown, it is also possible to mix the desulphurised exhaust gas, which is conducted via the exhaust gas recirculation 13, downstream of the charge air cooler 21 and upstream of the compressor 16 with the compressed charge air.
Der Transport des Abgases durch die Abgasrückführung 13 ist einerseits von der Öffnungsstellung eines Abgasrückführventils 25 und andererseits von der Drehzahl eines Abgasrückführgebläses 26 abhängig. The transport of the exhaust gas through the exhaust gas recirculation 13 on the one hand depends on the open position of an exhaust gas recirculation valve 25 and on the other hand on the rotational speed of an exhaust gas recirculation fan 26.
Bei der Entschwefelungseinrichtung 24, die der Entschwefelung des über die Abgasrückführung 13 geleiteten Abgases dient, handelt es sich erfindungsgemäß um einen Festbettadsorber 27, der als Adsorbens vorzugsweise Aktivkohle und/oder Zeolite aufweist. Vorzugsweise weist der Festbettadsorber 27 das Adsorbens in einer Schüttdichte zwischen 100 kg/m3 und 800 kg/m3 und/oder mit einer aktiven Oberfläche zwischen 100 m2/g und 1200 m2/g auf. The desulphurisation device 24, which serves for the desulphurisation of the exhaust gas conducted via the exhaust gas recirculation 13, is according to the invention a fixed bed adsorber 27, which preferably has activated carbon and / or zeolites as the adsorbent. The fixed bed adsorber 27 preferably has the adsorbent in a bulk density of between 100 kg / m 3 and 800 kg / m 3 and / or with an active surface of between 100 m 2 / g and 1200 m 2 / g.
Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist dem Festbettadsorber 27 ein Abgasrückführ- kühler 28 vorgelagert. Der Abgasrückführkühler 28 dient der Kühlung des bei ge- öffnetem Abgasrückführventil 25 über die Abgasrückführung 13 geleiteten Abgases, bevor dasselbe dem Festbettadsorber 27 zugeführt wird. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the fixed bed adsorber 27 is preceded by an exhaust gas recirculation cooler 28. The exhaust gas recirculation cooler 28 serves to cool the exhaust gas conducted via the exhaust gas recirculation 13 when the exhaust gas recirculation valve 25 is open, before it is supplied to the fixed bed adsorber 27.
Beim Führen des zu entschwefelnden Abgases durch die als Festbettadsorber 27 ausgebildete Entschwefelungseinrichtung 24 wird Schwefel des Abgases mit ho- her Effektivität im Adsorbens gebunden, wobei zur Aufrechterhaltung einer hohen Effektivität der Entschweflung nach einer definierten Prozessdauer entweder das Adsorbens des Festbettadsorbers 27 erneuert oder alternativ regeneriert werden muss. Im bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel dient der Festbettadsorber 27 in einem Betriebsmodus der Entschwefelung des Abgases, welches über die Abgasrückführung 13 geleitet wird, und in einem Regenerationsmodus der Regeneration des Adsorbens des Festbettadsorbers 27, wobei im bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel die Regeneration des Festbettadsorbers 27 mithilfe von Kondenswasser erfolgt. When guiding the exhaust gas to be desulphurized by desulphurisation device 24 embodied as fixed-bed adsorber, sulfur of the exhaust gas is bound in the adsorbent with high efficiency, whereby either the adsorbent of fixed-bed adsorber 27 is renewed or alternatively regenerated after a defined process duration to maintain a high degree of desulfurization efficiency got to. In the preferred embodiment, the fixed-bed adsorber 27 serves in a desulphurisation operating mode, which is routed via the exhaust gas recirculation 13, and regeneration of the adsorbent of the fixed-bed adsorber 27 in the regeneration mode. In the preferred embodiment, regeneration of the fixed-bed adsorber 27 is effected by means of condensed water.
So zeigt Fig. 1 , dass dem Abgasrückführkühler 28 ein Kondenswassersammler 29 zugeordnet ist, in welchem sich während des Betriebsmodus bildendes Kondenswasser gesammelt werden kann. Im Regenerationsmodus kann dieses Kondens- wasser aus dem Kondenswassersammler 29 mithilfe einer Förderpumpe 30 entnommen und über das Adsorbens des Festbettadsorbers 27 geführt werden, um das Adsorbens desselben zu regenerieren. Thus, Fig. 1 shows that the exhaust gas recirculation cooler 28 is associated with a condensate collector 29, in which condensate forming during operation mode can be collected. In the regeneration mode, this condensed water can be removed from the condensate collector 29 by means of a feed pump 30 and passed over the adsorbent of the fixed-bed adsorber 27 in order to regenerate the adsorbent thereof.
Im Betriebsmodus des Festbettadsorbers 27 wird, wie bereits erwähnt, das Abgas, welches über die Abgasrückführung 13 geleitet wird, mithilfe des Abgasrückführ- kühlers 28 gekühlt, nämlich derart, dass das Abgas mit einer Temperatur zwischen 30°C und 200°C, insbesondere mit einer Temperatur zwischen 30°C und 150°C, vorzugsweise mit einer Temperatur von in etwa 90°C, über den Festbettadsorber 27 geführt werden kann, wobei die Verweildauer des Abgases im Be- reich des Festbettadsorbers 27 weniger als 10 Sekunden, vorzugsweise weniger als 5 Sekunden, beträgt. In the operating mode of the Festbettadsorbers 27, as already mentioned, the exhaust gas, which is passed through the exhaust gas recirculation 13, cooled by means of exhaust gas recirculation cooler 28, namely such that the exhaust gas at a temperature between 30 ° C and 200 ° C, in particular a temperature between 30 ° C and 150 ° C, preferably at a temperature of about 90 ° C, over the fixed bed adsorber 27 can be performed, wherein the residence time of the exhaust gas in the region of the fixed bed adsorber 27 less than 10 seconds, preferably less than 5 seconds.
Der Regernationsmodus des Festbettadsorbers 17, welcher der Regeneration des Adsorbens desselben dient, wird vorzugsweise in festen Zeitintervallen ausge- führt, zum Beispiel jeden Tag einmal oder auch mehrmals am Tag, je nach der Schwefelbelastung und der Dimension des Absorbers. Der Regenerationsmodus dauert dabei zwischen 5 Minuten und 10 Minuten. The regeneration mode of the fixed bed adsorber 17, which serves to regenerate the adsorbent thereof, is preferably carried out at fixed time intervals, for example once a day or even several times a day, depending on the sulfur load and the dimension of the absorber. The regeneration mode lasts between 5 minutes and 10 minutes.
Die erfindungsgemäße Brennkraftmaschine erlaubt eine völlig neuartige Entschwefelung de Abgases, welches über die Abgasrückführung 13 geführt wird. Entschwefelung erfolgt mithilfe eines Festbettadsorbers 27, wobei es sich beim Adsorbens vorzugsweise um Aktivkohle und/oder Zeolite handelt. The internal combustion engine according to the invention allows a completely novel desulfurization de exhaust gas, which is guided over the exhaust gas recirculation 13. Desulphurisation takes place by means of a fixed-bed adsorber 27, the adsorbent preferably being activated carbon and / or zeolites.
Bei der Entschwefelung wird nur wenig Wasser benötigt. Auf eine aufwendige Wasseraufbereitung, die nach dem Stand der Technik erforderlich ist, kann verzichtet werden. Kondenswasser und/oder Abwasser kann gemäß Fig. 1 stromabwärts der letzten Turbine 19 ins Abgas eingestäubt bzw. in der entsprechenden Abgasleitung zerstäubt und so entsorgt werden. Desulphurisation requires little water. On a complex water treatment, which is required in the prior art, can be dispensed with. Condensation and / or wastewater can be dusted in accordance with FIG. 1 downstream of the last turbine 19 into the exhaust or atomized in the corresponding exhaust pipe and disposed of.
Die Erfindung kann sowohl bei 2-Takt-Brennkraftmaschinen als auch bei 4-Takt- Brennkraftmaschinen zum Einsatz kommen. The invention can be used both in 2-stroke internal combustion engines as well as in 4-stroke internal combustion engines.
Die Erfindung kann sowohl bei Brennkraftmaschinen mit einer einstufigen Abgasaufladung als auch bei Brennkraftmaschinen mit einer mehrstufigen Abgasaufla- dung Verwendung finden. The invention can be used both in internal combustion engines with a single-stage exhaust gas charge and in internal combustion engines with a multi-stage exhaust gas charge.
Vorzugsweise findet die Erfindung bei Großdieselmotoren wie Schiffdieselbrenn- kraftmaschinen Verwendung. The invention is preferably used in large diesel engines, such as marine diesel engines.
Bezugszeichenliste LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
10 Brennkraftmaschine 10 internal combustion engine
1 1 Zylinder  1 1 cylinder
12 Abgasaufladung  12 exhaust charging
13 Abgasrückführung  13 exhaust gas recirculation
14 Abgasturbolader  14 exhaust gas turbocharger
15 Abgasturbolader  15 turbocharger
16 Verdichter  16 compressors
17 Verdichter  17 compressors
18 Turbine  18 turbine
19 Turbine  19 turbine
20 Ladeluftkühler  20 intercooler
21 Ladeluftkühler  21 intercooler
22 Bypassleitung  22 bypass line
23 Bypassventil  23 Bypass valve
24 Entschwefelungseinrichtung  24 desulphurisation device
25 Abgasrückführventil  25 exhaust gas recirculation valve
26 Abgasrückführgebläse  26 exhaust gas recirculation fan
27 Festbettadsorber  27 fixed bed adsorber
28 Abgasrückführkühler  28 Exhaust gas recirculation cooler
29 Kondenswassersannnnler  29 Condensate collector
30 Förderpumpe  30 feed pump

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1 . Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere Großdieselmotor wie eine Schiffdiesel- brennkraftmaschine, mit einer mindestens einstufigen Abgasaufladung (12), die mindestens einen Abgasturbolader (14, 15) mit jeweils einem Verdichter (16, 17) und jeweils einer Turbine (18, 19) aufweist, und mit einer Abgasrückführung (13), die Abgas vom Abgasstrom abzweigt und mit verdichteter Ladeluft mischt, wobei die Abgasrückführung (13) eine Entschwefelungseinrichtung (24) umfasst, die der Entschwefelung des über die Abgasrückführung (13) ge- leiteten Abgases dient, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Entschwefelungseinrichtung (24) als Festbettadsorber (27) ausgebildet ist. 1 . Internal combustion engine, in particular a large diesel engine such as a ship diesel internal combustion engine, with at least one-stage exhaust gas charging (12), which has at least one exhaust gas turbocharger (14, 15), each with a compressor (16, 17) and one turbine (18, 19), and with an exhaust gas recirculation (13), which branches off exhaust gas from the exhaust gas stream and mixes it with compressed charge air, the exhaust gas recirculation (13) comprising a desulfurization device (24) which serves to desulfurize the exhaust gas passed via the exhaust gas recirculation (13), characterized in that the desulfurization device (24) is designed as a fixed bed adsorber (27).
2. Brennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der2. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the
Festbettadsorber (27) als Adsorbens Aktivkohle und/oder Zeolite aufweist. Fixed bed adsorber (27) has activated carbon and / or zeolites as the adsorbent.
3. Brennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Festbettadsorber (27) das Adsorbens mit einer Schüttdichte zwischen 100 kg/m3 und 800 kg/m3 und/oder mit einer aktiven Oberfläche zwischen 100 m2/g und 1200 m2/g aufweist. 3. Internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fixed bed adsorber (27) has the adsorbent with a bulk density between 100 kg/m 3 and 800 kg/m 3 and/or with an active surface between 100 m 2 /g and 1200 m 2 /g.
4. Brennkraftmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem Festbettadsober (27) ein Abgasrückführkühler (28) vorgelagert ist, um das über den Festbettadsober zu leitende Abgas zu kühlen. 4. Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fixed bed absorber (27) is preceded by an exhaust gas recirculation cooler (28) in order to cool the exhaust gas to be conducted via the fixed bed absorber.
5. Brennkraftmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Festbettadsorber (27) in einem Betriebsmodus der Entschwefelung von Abgas und in einem Regenerationsmodus der Regeneration des Adsorbens des Festbettadsorbers (27) dient. Brennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem5. Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fixed bed adsorber (27) is used in an operating mode for the desulfurization of exhaust gas and in a regeneration mode for the regeneration of the adsorbent of the fixed bed adsorber (27). Internal combustion engine according to claim 5, characterized in that the
Abgasrückführkühler (28) ein Kondenswassersammler (29) zugeordnet ist, wobei im Regenerationsmodus zur Regeneration des Adsorbens des Festbet- tadsobers (27) im Kondenswassersammler (29) gesammeltes Kondenswasser zum Waschen des Adsorbens nutzbar ist. A condensation water collector (29) is assigned to the exhaust gas recirculation cooler (28), wherein in the regeneration mode for regeneration of the adsorbent of the fixed bed adsorbent (27) condensation water collected in the condensation water collector (29) can be used to wash the adsorbent.
7. Brennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 6, gekennzeichnet durch eine Förderpumpe (30), über die im Regenerationsmodus Kondenswasser aus dem Kon- denswassersammler (29) entnehmbar und dem Festbettadsobers (27) zur Regeneration des Adsorbens zuführbar ist. 7. Internal combustion engine according to claim 6, characterized by a feed pump (30), via which condensation water can be removed from the condensation water collector (29) in the regeneration mode and fed to the fixed bed adsorbent (27) for regeneration of the adsorbent.
8. Verfahren zum Betrieben einer Brennkraftmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem Betriebsmodus des Festbettadsorbers das Abgas stromaufwärts des Festbettadsorbers auf eine Temperatur zwischen 30°C und 200°C gekühlt wird, wobei die Verweildauer des Abgases im Festbettadsorber weniger als 10 Sekunden beträgt. 8. A method for operating an internal combustion engine according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in an operating mode of the fixed bed adsorber, the exhaust gas upstream of the fixed bed adsorber is cooled to a temperature between 30 ° C and 200 ° C, the residence time of the exhaust gas in the fixed bed adsorber is less than 10 seconds.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem Rege- nerationsmodus des Festbettadsorbers ein Adsorbens desselben mit Kondenswasser gespült wird, wobei eine Dauer des Regenerationsmodus zwischen 5 Minuten und 10 Minuten beträgt. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that in a regeneration mode of the fixed bed adsorber, an adsorbent of the fixed bed adsorber is rinsed with condensed water, the duration of the regeneration mode being between 5 minutes and 10 minutes.
10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Regenerati- onsmodus des Festbettadsorbers in festen Zeitintervallen durchgeführt wird. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the regeneration mode of the fixed bed adsorber is carried out at fixed time intervals.
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