WO2013177984A1 - 认知无线电系统及其资源分配设备和方法 - Google Patents
认知无线电系统及其资源分配设备和方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013177984A1 WO2013177984A1 PCT/CN2013/074562 CN2013074562W WO2013177984A1 WO 2013177984 A1 WO2013177984 A1 WO 2013177984A1 CN 2013074562 W CN2013074562 W CN 2013074562W WO 2013177984 A1 WO2013177984 A1 WO 2013177984A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/02—Resource partitioning among network components, e.g. reuse partitioning
- H04W16/10—Dynamic resource partitioning
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/0006—Assessment of spectral gaps suitable for allocating digitally modulated signals, e.g. for carrier allocation in cognitive radio
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
- H04W52/0212—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave
- H04W52/0216—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave using a pre-established activity schedule, e.g. traffic indication frame
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
- H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
- H04W52/0212—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave
- H04W52/0219—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managed by the network, e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave where the power saving management affects multiple terminals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/02—Selection of wireless resources by user or terminal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to the field of cognitive radio, and in particular to cognitive radio systems and resource allocation apparatus and methods, resource utilization apparatus and methods for use in cognitive radio systems.
- Some embodiments provide resource allocation apparatus and methods, resource utilization apparatus and methods, and cognitive radio systems to which the apparatus and method are applied, capable of quickly and efficiently allocating resources to secondary users in a cognitive radio system .
- a resource allocation device for a cognitive radio system, the device comprising: transmission opportunity evaluation means for estimating the availability of a transmission opportunity in a radio resource of the main communication system And a vector generating apparatus, configured to set a transmission opportunity selection vector for each user in the cognitive radio system according to an estimation result of the availability of the transmission opportunity, where the transmission opportunity selection vector includes a transmission for identifying a plurality of estimates available Information of the opportunity; and transmitting means for publishing the transmission opportunity selection vector to the secondary user.
- a resource allocation method for a cognitive radio system comprising: estimating an availability of a transmission opportunity in a radio resource of a primary communication system; An estimate of the availability of the opportunity sets a transmission opportunity selection vector for each user in the cognitive radio system, the transmission opportunity selection vector containing information identifying a plurality of estimated available transmission opportunities; and selecting the transmission opportunity selection vector Release to this user.
- a resource utilization device for a cognitive radio system comprising: receiving means for receiving a transmission opportunity selection vector for the secondary user,
- the transmission opportunity selection vector includes information for identifying a plurality of estimated available transmission opportunities; and sensing means for sensing the estimated available transmission opportunities included in the transmission opportunity selection vector to determine whether the transmission opportunity is currently available If yes, it is determined that the transmission opportunity is available for data transmission; if not, the next estimated transmission opportunity in the transmission opportunity selection vector is perceived in order until an available transmission opportunity or transmission opportunity selection vector is found. There is no optional estimate of the available transmission opportunities.
- a resource utilization method for a cognitive radio system comprising: receiving a transmission opportunity selection vector for the secondary user, the transmission opportunity selection vector including Information for identifying a plurality of estimated available transmission opportunities; and sensing an estimated available transmission opportunity included in the transmission opportunity selection vector to determine whether the transmission opportunity is currently available; if so, determining that the transmission opportunity is available for data Transmission; if not, the next estimated available transmission opportunity in the transmission opportunity selection vector is perceptually sensed until no available estimate of available transmission opportunities is found in the available transmission opportunities or transmission opportunity selection vectors.
- a cognitive radio system including the resource allocation device and the resource utilization device described above.
- a resource for cognitive radio systems is also provided.
- the source allocation and utilization method includes the above resource allocation method and resource utilization method.
- the present disclosure also provides a computer program for implementing the above method.
- the present disclosure also provides a computer program product in the form of at least a computer readable medium having recorded thereon computer program code for implementing the above method.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing one example of a cognitive radio communication network
- FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart showing a resource allocation method for a cognitive radio system according to an embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart showing one example of a method of estimating the availability of a transmission opportunity
- FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart showing a resource utilization method for a cognitive radio system according to an embodiment
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing one example of resource division of a cognitive radio network
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an application example applied to an initialization learning process according to an open resource allocation method
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an application example in which a resource allocation method according to the present disclosure is applied to an actual data transmission process
- FIG. 8 is a schematic flowchart showing one example of calculating a transmission opportunity selection matrix
- FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram showing a resource allocation device for a cognitive radio system according to an embodiment
- Figure 10 is a schematic block diagram showing a resource utilization device for a cognitive radio system according to an embodiment.
- Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a resource allocation apparatus and method, resource utilization apparatus and method, and cognitive radio using the apparatus and method, capable of quickly and efficiently allocating resources to secondary users in a cognitive radio system system.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a cognitive radio communication network.
- a cognitive radio network (Cognitive Radio Network) 100 includes a primary network 110, and further includes one or more secondary networks, as shown in FIG. Secondary networks 120, 130 and 140.
- the primary network 110 includes a Primary User (PU) 112 (shown as a circle in Figure 1) and a Primary Base Station (PBS) 111 (a diamond block as shown in Figure 1).
- Each secondary network includes a secondary user (SU) (rectangular blocks 122, 132, 142 as shown in FIG. 1) and a secondary base station (SBS) (such as trapezoidal blocks 121, 131 shown in FIG. , 141).
- SU secondary user
- SBS secondary base station
- the primary user is authorized to use the licensed spectrum (Licensed Spectrum) under the coordination of the primary base station.
- the transmission of the nodes (primary and primary) of the primary network is not allowed to be received by the nodes of the secondary network (secondary and secondary).
- the interference of the signal, or the interference received must be within the tolerable range.
- the main network node does not have cognitive radio function, so the witness network node can work normally without knowing the existence of the secondary network.
- the secondary network uses the licensed spectrum of the primary network, if and only if the impact of the secondary network node signal on the primary network node is within the limits.
- the frequency usage of secondary users can usually be managed by the secondary base station.
- the secondary network nodes all have cognitive radio functions, including spectrum sensing and analysis, frequency management and switching, and frequency allocation and sharing.
- a cognitive radio network may contain one or more secondary networks. In the case of multiple secondary network sharing sessions, it is usually managed using a Spectrum Coordinator (SC).
- SC Spectrum Coordinator
- a spectrum coordinator 150 such as the triangle shown in Figure 1 that performs spectral resource coordination between the sub-networks.
- the spectrum coordinator collects the operational information of each secondary network and allocates resources to achieve efficient and fair resource sharing among the secondary networks.
- the secondary network node senses, detects, and monitors the licensed spectrum to adjust the resources used and related system configurations, thereby realizing sharing of the resources without affecting the primary network node.
- a history information of a license frequency usage condition sensed by a secondary network is predicted to predict a secondary user's future estimation of each wireless resource availability ( Whether the wireless resource can be used for successful data transmission), the secondary user is instructed to select resources, thereby realizing efficient allocation of resources.
- an estimate of the availability of wireless resources by a secondary user is involved.
- the radio resources are divided into units of Transmission Opportunity (TO).
- a transmission opportunity as described herein refers to a subset of primary system resources that may contain one or more primary system resource allocation units.
- one transmission opportunity may correspond to one or a set of frequency bands; in a TDMA network, one transmission opportunity corresponds to one or a set of time slots (Time Slot); and in an OFDM network, A transmission opportunity corresponds to one or a group of resource blocks (Resource Blocks, RBs)
- the resource allocation method can be implemented by the secondary base station of the secondary network or, in the case of multiple secondary networks, by the frequency talk coordinator.
- the resource allocation method includes steps 202, 204, and 206.
- step 202 the availability of the transmission opportunity in the radio resource of the primary communication system is estimated.
- the availability of the transmission opportunity described herein is a feature value used to indicate whether the transmission opportunity is available to the secondary user. It can be used to characterize the usage patterns of the licensed spectrum for the primary and secondary networks.
- the availability of transmission opportunities can be measured using Contiguous Idle Time Duration (CITD) statistics, Transmission Result Estimator, and Transmission Opportunity.
- CITD Contiguous Idle Time Duration
- the continuous idle period statistic indicates a continuous duration that the frequency band corresponding to the transmission opportunity is not used by the primary network
- the transmission result statistic indicates a statistical result of the successful data transmission performed by the secondary user on the frequency band corresponding to each transmission opportunity
- the transmission opportunity selection probability indicates the probability that the secondary user selects the transmission opportunity and successfully transmits.
- the continuous idle time period statistics of the transmission opportunity can be counted as the feature value reflecting the availability of the transmission opportunity.
- the continuous idle period statistic of the transmission opportunity may be represented by one or more of the following parameters: (1) the average duration of the continuous idle period of the frequency band in which the transmission opportunity is located in the past; (2) where the transmission opportunity is located The duration of the continuous idle period in which the frequency band has the highest probability in the past predetermined time period; (3) the duration of the continuous idle period in which the current transmission opportunity is located in the corresponding time period in the past predetermined time period (if the current transmission opportunity is used by the primary network ⁇ If used, the value is zero).
- time statistics may be perceived by the frequency coordinator or the secondary base station, or may be monitored by each secondary user and reported to the secondary base station or the spectrum coordinator for statistical purposes; (4) the frequency band in which the transmission opportunity is located in the past The cumulative number of consecutive idle periods in the time period.
- the transmission result statistic of the transmission opportunity can be further counted as the eigenvalue reflecting the availability of the transmission opportunity.
- the transmission result statistic can be defined as: the number of times the secondary user successfully performs data transmission on the frequency band corresponding to the transmission opportunity within a predetermined time period before the current transmission opportunity corresponds to the time.
- the transmission result statistic can be normalized to: the number of times the secondary user successfully performs data transmission on the corresponding frequency band of each transmission opportunity and the data transmission attempted in the predetermined time period before the current transmission opportunity corresponding time The ratio of all times.
- Information about whether the secondary user is successfully transmitting data on the transmission opportunity is fed back to the secondary base station or the frequency coordinator by the secondary user and is counted by the secondary base station or the spectrum coordinator.
- the transmission opportunity selection probability varies with the statistics of the transmission result. Specifically, the transmission opportunity selection probability increases as the transmission result statistic increases, and decreases as the transmission result statistic decreases.
- the transmission opportunity selection probability can be calculated, for example, by the method described below with reference to equations (15), (28) or (29), which will not be described in detail herein.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart showing an example of estimating the availability of a transmission opportunity.
- the method can include a step 302-1 in which a continuous idle period statistic for the transmission opportunity over a predetermined period of time in the past is calculated.
- the method may further include steps 302-2 and 302-3.
- step 302-2 for each time The user calculates a transmission result statistic of the secondary user on the frequency band corresponding to the transmission opportunity to be estimated. Specifically, the number of successes of data transmission performed by the secondary user in the frequency band corresponding to the transmission opportunity within a predetermined time period before the current time may be counted, or the number of successful times is calculated and the data is attempted by the secondary user on the frequency band corresponding to the transmission opportunity.
- a selection probability of the transmission opportunity is calculated according to the transmission result statistic.
- the transmission result statistic of the secondary user on the frequency band corresponding to the transmission opportunity to be estimated may be calculated for each user as a basis for evaluating the availability of the transmission opportunity.
- the method of estimating the availability of the transmission opportunity may include only step 302-2, and does not include step 302-1 of estimating the continuous idle period statistic.
- the spectrum coordinator or the secondary base station may hold information about the transmission opportunity availability of each secondary user, and according to the transmission result of the secondary user feedback in the resource allocation process and the secondary base station pair is not selected by the secondary user.
- the detection result of the transmission opportunity is used to calculate and update information about the availability of transmission opportunities of each user.
- a transmission opportunity selection vector (Transmission Opportunity Selection Vector) is set for each secondary user in the cognitive radio system according to the availability of each transmission opportunity, and the transmission vector of each secondary user is selected.
- Information is included for identifying a plurality of estimated available transmission opportunities (i.e., transmission opportunities estimated to be available in step 204).
- the spectrum coordinator or secondary base station sets a transmission opportunity selection vector for each secondary user.
- Information identifying each transmission opportunity may be included in the vector.
- the information identifying the transmission opportunity described herein may be the serial number or other identification of the transmission opportunity.
- the transmission opportunity selection vector may be a permutation of (in whole or in part) the sequence number of the transmission opportunity (Permutation) o
- the length of the transmission opportunity selection vector is the number of elements in the vector (ie, the sequence number of the transmission opportunity).
- the length of the transmission opportunity selection vector may be set by considering one or more of the following factors: First, the method of transmission opportunity selection and its time limit, that is, the upper limit of the total time for the secondary user to select the transmission opportunity does not exceed The length of a transmission opportunity; the second is that the vector must have a certain length, that is, the certificate user has sufficient selection opportunities to improve the utilization of resources; the third is to consider the amount of information, that is, to minimize the release of information to the secondary users. The bandwidth occupied and the delay caused.
- the length of each transmission opportunity selection vector can be selected according to the actual application situation, and the specific value is not limited herein.
- the spectrum coordinator or the secondary base station may select according to the transmission opportunity, for example, in the case of calculating the transmission opportunity selection probability and/or the continuous idle period statistic using the method illustrated in FIG. 3 to measure the availability of the transmission opportunity.
- Probability and/or continuous idle time statistic set the transmission opportunity selection vector for each secondary user.
- the transmission opportunity selection probability can be set by using the transmission opportunity selection probability as a feature value that measures the availability of the transmission opportunity. The greater the probability of transmission opportunity selection, the higher the probability that the secondary user will be successful in selecting the transmission opportunity for data transmission.
- the continuous idle period statistic can be used as a feature value to measure the availability of the transport product 1 to set the transmission opportunity selection vector.
- the above three time parameters representing the continuous idle period statistic may respectively play different roles in the calculation of the transmission opportunity selection vector. For example, when two transmission opportunities have the same transmission opportunity selection probability value, the continuous idle period may be preferentially selected.
- the transmission opportunity with a larger difference between the average duration and the duration of the consecutive idle periods at which the current transmission opportunity corresponds to the moment is because the transmission opportunity corresponding frequency band has a higher probability of being idle on its next transmission opportunity.
- step 206 the frequency coordinator or the secondary base station issues the generated transmission opportunity selection vector to the corresponding secondary user.
- a transmission opportunity selection vector is set for each secondary user, that is, a rule for setting a secondary user to select a transmission opportunity is set, because a plurality of transmission opportunities provided to the secondary user are based on the It is selected for the availability of the secondary user, thus improving the efficiency of the secondary user in selecting transmission resources and improving resource utilization.
- the transmission opportunity selection vector may only include the sequence number of the transmission opportunity available for the estimation of the secondary user, and therefore, the transmission of the transmission opportunity selection vector occupies less transmission resources and is smaller. Delay.
- the information in the transmission opportunity selection vector used to identify a plurality of estimated available transmission opportunities may be ordered according to the magnitude of the values of the availability of the plurality of estimated transmission opportunities. In this way, the secondary user preferentially selects one of the values of the availability according to the order of the respective transmission opportunities in the vector, thereby further reducing the time taken for the selection, and further improving the resource selection efficiency.
- the components of the respective transmitters selected for different secondary users at their corresponding identical positions are different from each other, so that each time can be avoided. A collision between transmissions between users.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart showing a resource utilization method for use in a cognitive radio system according to an embodiment. This resource utilization method is implemented on the secondary user side.
- the method includes steps 412 and 414.
- the secondary user receives a transmission opportunity selection vector for the secondary user from the spectrum coordinator or the secondary base station.
- the transmission opportunity selection vector includes a plurality of transmission opportunity components, each transmission opportunity component corresponding to a candidate transmission opportunity (ie, a transmission opportunity estimated by the spectrum coordinator or the secondary base station to be available, also referred to as an estimated available transmission product 1) Identification information.
- the transmission opportunity selection vector may be an arrangement of a plurality of sequence numbers that estimate available transmission opportunities, such as in order according to the availability of individual transmission opportunities. Detailed descriptions and specific examples of transmission opportunity selection vectors have been given in the embodiments or examples described above, and the description is not repeated here.
- the secondary user selects one of a plurality of estimated available transmission opportunities included in the transmission opportunity selection vector, and perceives the selected transmission opportunity to determine whether the transmission opportunity is currently Available (ie, whether the transmission opportunity is currently used by the primary network). If so (ie, if the transmission opportunity is perceived to be currently idle), then the transmission opportunity is utilized for data transmission. Otherwise, the next estimate in the transmission opportunity selection vector is perceived as an available transmission opportunity. If it is perceived that all estimated available transmission opportunities in the transmission opportunity selection vector are currently unavailable, then the secondary user does not perform data transmission this time.
- the information in the transmission opportunity selection vector for identifying a plurality of estimated available transmission opportunities may be based on transmission opportunities of the plurality of estimates.
- the values of the usable values are ordered.
- the secondary user may first perceive an estimated available transmission opportunity having the highest value of the availability among the plurality of estimated available transmission opportunities in the transmission opportunity selection vector, and if it is perceived that it is available, then utilize This available transmission opportunity is used for data transmission. Otherwise, the transmission opportunities for the next estimate in the transmission opportunity selection vector are perceived in order.
- the time taken for the secondary user to complete a selection and sensing operation for the estimated available transmission opportunities in the transmission opportunity selection vector is called a Selection Unit (SeU)cca
- One selection and sensing operation includes a transmission
- the opportunity corresponds to the perception of the frequency band and the operation of detecting whether the frequency band is occupied.
- the number of transmission opportunity selection units used by the secondary user is equal to the length of the transmission opportunity selection vector.
- the secondary user pairs transmit The transmission opportunity corresponding to the element in the corresponding position in the opportunity selection vector is perceived.
- the user immediately transfers to the data transmission phase; if the detection result is that the transmission opportunity is not available, then the The secondary user starts to perceive and detect the transmission opportunity corresponding to the next element in the transmission opportunity selection vector at the next transmission opportunity selection unit; and so on until the available transmission opportunity is found to be transferred to the data transmission phase, or all the transmission opportunity selection vectors are tried. Estimate available transmission opportunities However, it failed to find the available transmission opportunities, stop the transmission opportunity selection.
- the resource utilization method illustrated in FIG. 4 may further include step 416.
- the secondary user feeds back transmission result information related to data transmission using the transmission opportunity.
- the transmission result information of the secondary user feedback may include a transmission result vector and/or a transmission result value.
- the transmission result vector contains information as to whether each transmission opportunity in the transmission opportunity selection vector is available to the secondary user and/or whether the data transmission was successful.
- the transmission result value is expressed as the position of the transmission opportunity used by each user in the transmission opportunity selection vector. If the value is smaller than the length of the transmission opportunity selection vector, the selected transmission opportunity can be determined by querying the transmission opportunity selection vector; if the value is Not less than the transport product 1 will select the length of the vector, and it can be determined that the user has not found an available transmission opportunity.
- the timing of the secondary user feedback information may be determined according to the feedback channel.
- a dedicated feedback channel can be used to provide feedback after the secondary user determines the transmission opportunity.
- the obtained resource can be used for feedback after data transmission, and the secondary user who does not obtain an available transmission opportunity uses some dedicated feedback channel to feed back after the transmission opportunity selection is completed.
- the cognitive radio network system includes: 1 frequency coordinator, denoted as SC; N SBS sub-base stations, respectively denoted as SBS ⁇ SBS ⁇ SBS ⁇ ; Nsu secondary users, Remarked as SU ⁇ SU ⁇ SU ⁇
- FIG. 5 shows an example of resource partitioning of a cognitive radio network. It is assumed that the resources of the cognitive radio network are divided according to the example shown in FIG. 5:
- the primary network contains N CH channels, which are respectively recorded as
- the duration of one time slot is denoted as T ts , the time axis is divided by time slots, the time variable is denoted as te [0, ⁇ ];
- te the time variable
- - one transmission opportunity contains one time slot of one channel. Therefore, the transmission opportunity is identified by the channel number in the tth time slot (hereinafter, the channel number and the transmission opportunity number are the same).
- the transmission opportunity availability estimate, the transmission opportunity selection vector calculation, and the transmission opportunity selection vector are issued by the spectrum coordinator.
- the spectrum coordinator performs the above processing at the beginning of each transmission opportunity, and the total time used is denoted as T E .
- T Se where the length of the transmission opportunity selection vector is denoted as L SeV , and the duration of the selection of one transmission opportunity is denoted as T SeU .
- T TR The time taken for data transmission is recorded as T TR , which characterizes the minimum effective time that the secondary user can use for data transmission.
- T F The time taken by the user to feedback the transmission result is recorded as T F .
- the channel CHj (je [0,...N CH -1]) has three parameters related to the continuous idle period statistic: (1) OTD 'defined as slot ⁇ previous channel CHj The average duration of consecutive idle periods; (2) CITD t), defined as the location of channel CHj when slot M is located The duration of the idle period, if the channel CHj at time slot t-1 is used by the primary network, the value is
- the transmission result statistic of the secondary user SUi for all channels before the time slot t can constitute a vector, denoted as ⁇ ,..., ⁇ ].
- the statistics of the transmission results of all secondary users before the time slot t constitute a matrix D(t), which can be expressed by the following formula:
- the probability of transmission opportunity selection of all secondary users at time slot t may constitute a matrix P(t), which can be expressed by the following formula
- the transmission opportunity selection vector of the secondary user SUi at time slot t can be expressed as , where S1 , j(t) G [— l..N CH — l], j G [0. ⁇ SeV — 1], where -1 means no optional transmission opportunity, [O..N ra _l] Corresponds to the serial number of the channel. All secondary users are The transmission of the slot ⁇ selects a vector selection matrix S(t), which can be expressed by:
- R ⁇ t) [r li0 (t)... 3 ⁇ 4iLsev i (t)], where ⁇ j(t) G ⁇ 0, 1 ⁇ indicates whether the secondary user S1 ⁇ is available for the transmission opportunity S lj (t), 1 means available, 0 means not available.
- the value of the transmission result of the secondary user SUi in the time slot is recorded as 1 ⁇ ) €[0. ⁇ ], indicating the position of the available transmission opportunity of SUi in the transmission opportunity selection vector, if the value does not exceed L SeV -l
- the available transmission opportunity number is S ⁇ ( t )(t), and if the value is L SeV, there is no available transmission opportunity.
- This initialization learning phase can occur when the cognitive radio system is enabled or restarted.
- the length of time for initializing the learning period is (in units of time slots) (as shown in Fig. 5).
- step 620 continuous idle time period statistics and transmission result statistics are initialized.
- the transmission opportunity selection probability may also be initialized.
- the transmission opportunity selection probability may be initialized using the method described below with reference to equation (15).
- the frequency coordinator updates the continuous idle period statistic and the transmission result statistic.
- the frequency coordinator receives the transmission result vector Ri(tl) from the secondary user, and then judges The secondary user's utilization of the opportunity, and updates the continuous idle time statistic and the transmission result statistic.
- the judgment method is to satisfy the following two conditions in order:
- Any transmission opportunity S 6 Sv in Si is marked as available in the transmission result vector of multiple secondary users, ie
- the transmission result vector Ri(tl) at the other secondary user siii marks the transmission product as unavailable.
- CHj (In the transmission result vector (tl) obtained after the condition 2 filtering, if there is a position marked as available, CHj is the position in the transmission opportunity selection vector 8 ⁇ -1) and all the bits before it The transmission opportunity is set; otherwise, CHj selects all transmission opportunities in the transmission opportunity selection vector Si(tl), which can be expressed by the following formula:
- CHj in which the data transmission can be successfully performed ie, the transmission result vector ( ⁇ -1) obtained after the condition 2 filtering, if there is a position marked as available, Then CHj is the transmission opportunity marked as the position in the selection vector Si(tl); otherwise, CHj does not exist and can be expressed by:
- step 624 the spectrum coordinator performs the calculation and distribution of the transmission opportunity selection vector.
- the secondary user In the initial learning phase (T L ), the secondary user only obtains the usage pattern of the primary network resource through learning, and does not use the actual data transmission even if the available resources are found. Therefore, the entire transmission opportunity is used for learning as much as possible. Therefore, the length of the transmission opportunity selection vector can be set as the upper limit, that is, the entire time slot is used for transmission except T E and T ⁇
- the setting requirements of the transmission opportunity selection matrix S(t) include: ensuring that the value of each user in each transmission opportunity selection unit is either the channel number or _ 1 ( indicating that there is no optional transmission Will ensure that the non-negative elements in the same column are different, so that the secondary users avoid conflicts when making transmission opportunity choices; ensure that the non-negative elements in the same row are different, that is, each non-negative element is selected by the user at any one time. The maximum number of occurrences is reduced, and the repeated selection is reduced.
- the optional transmission opportunity of each secondary user is TLxL SeV , ensuring that the selection of each channel by any one of the users exceeds a predetermined large positive integer. N th , so that the secondary user learns enough information for the usage pattern of each channel.
- an arrangement of channel numbers on each user may be randomly generated as a starting column of S(t), if the number of channel numbers is less than the number of secondary users (ie, N CH ⁇ N SU ), the secondary user value not assigned to the channel is set to -1, and if the channel number is greater than the number of secondary users (ie, N CH > N SU ), then from the N CH channels Randomly select N su , and then randomly generate an arrangement; to ensure that each user has an approximate selection opportunity on each channel, the newly generated arrangement will be compared with the previous arrangement, if at least one bit is the same as before, then Regenerate the permutation; repeat the above operation in one time slot to generate a matrix S(t) of L SeV columns; repeat the above operations in T L time to generate TL different matrices S(t) so that each channel is in each time The cumulative number of occurrences in the user sequence exceeds N th .
- an arrangement of channel numbers on each user may be randomly generated as a starting column of S(t), if the channel number is smaller than the secondary user The number (ie, N CH ⁇ N SU ), the secondary user value not assigned to the channel is set to -1, and if the channel number is greater than the number of secondary users (ie, N CH > N SU ), then N su are randomly selected.
- Channel the next column changes its optional channel number from the 0th secondary user, so that the values of the columns before the row in the matrix are different. If it cannot be changed, it is returned to its previous secondary user to make changes.
- each of the rows ie, the transmission opportunity selection vector Si(t)
- the transmission opportunity set included in the transmission opportunity selection matrix S(t) be SQ
- the total transmission opportunity set is ⁇ CHj I je [0..N eH _l] ⁇
- the transmission opportunity set not selected by the secondary user for ⁇ . ⁇ CHj
- the perceptual set allocated by the secondary base station is an empty set, that is, no need to do any perception. operating.
- step 626 the secondary user selects a transmission opportunity based on the received transmission opportunity selection vector.
- the secondary user SUi After receiving the transmission opportunity selection vector Si(t), the secondary user SUi will enter the transmission opportunity selection phase from the start time of the 0th transmission opportunity selection unit. Because in the initialization phase, the secondary user does not occupy the primary network resource for data transmission, even if the secondary user discovers the available resources, the secondary user cannot be guaranteed to precede the other secondary users, so the secondary user SUi needs to vector Si (t) in the transmission opportunity selection phase. Each transmission opportunity is attempted to generate a transmission result vector (t).
- the secondary base station senses the transmission opportunity in the set ⁇ 0 , detects that the transmission opportunity set that is not used by the primary system is recorded as ⁇ , and feeds back to the spectrum coordinator.
- step 6 2 8 the secondary user feeds back the transmission result information.
- the transmission result vector (t) is then fed back to the frequency coordinator.
- the frequency coordinator estimates the availability of the transmission opportunity.
- the continuous idle period statistic and the transmission result statistic may be updated first.
- CHj is the transmission opportunity of the position in the selection vector Si(tl) and all its previous positions; otherwise, CHj is the selection vector Si(tl) All transmission opportunities in the medium can be expressed as:
- the transmission opportunity selection probability can also be updated.
- the transmission opportunity selection probability is updated according to the transmission result statistic: the threshold d is set for the transmission result statistic Th . A reward is transmitted for a transmission opportunity whose transmission result statistic exceeds the threshold, and punished for a transmission opportunity that does not exceed the threshold.
- the following methods can be used to update the transmission opportunity selection probability: Set the change speed value ⁇ , and set the number of transmission opportunities for rewards to N re , then the number of transmission opportunities to be punished is N CH -N re , for each reward
- step 732 the spectrum coordinator performs the calculation and release of the transmission opportunity selection vector.
- the same method as the initial transmission phase described above may be employed, that is, the entire transmission opportunity is used as much as possible for selection, and thus the transmission opportunity selection vector length may be set as an upper limit, that is, except for 1 ⁇ and 1 ⁇ .
- the entire time slot is used to select the transmission opportunity; at the same time, in order to avoid repeating the same transmission opportunity in a selection sequence, the L SeV length is set not to exceed the total number of transmission opportunities N CH , namely:
- the requirements for the transmission opportunity selection matrix S(t) are: Ensure that the value of each user in each transmission opportunity selection unit is the channel number or -1 (indicating no optional transmission opportunity); The non-negative elements are different, so that the secondary users avoid conflicts when performing transmission opportunity selection; ensure that the non-negative elements in the same row are different, that is, each non-zero element appears at most once in the transmission opportunity selection vector of any user. Reduce duplicate selection.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of calculating a transmission opportunity selection matrix S(t) based on a transmission opportunity selection probability matrix P(t) and continuous idle period statistic.
- step 840 P(t) is assigned to a new matrix.
- step 842 the element with the largest value is selected from the new matrix 0, and if there are multiple elements having the same maximum value at the same time, a channel satisfying the following conditions is selected therein:
- CITDjt max ⁇ CITDj, (t) -CITD. (t)
- step 846 it is determined whether the 0th column of S(t) is full of elements or all channel numbers have been processed. If not, repeat the above steps 840-844 until When the channel number is not less than the number of secondary users, that is, N CH ⁇ N SU , the 0th column of S(t) is filled with elements; or when the channel number is less than the number of secondary users, that is, N CH ⁇ N SU , all channel numbers Have been processed. At this time, the 0th column of the secondary user that is not assigned to the channel in S(t) is set to -1;
- a new matrix 1:) can be formed. Steps 840-844 are repeated in the matrix, and the first column, the second column of S(t) is sequentially generated, up to the Lth SeV-1 column.
- each row in the matrix (i.e., transmission opportunity selection vector Si(t)) is issued to the corresponding secondary user SUi.
- step 734 the secondary user selects a transmission opportunity based on the received transmission opportunity selection vector.
- the secondary user SUi After receiving the transmission opportunity selection vector Si(t), the secondary user SUi enters the transmission opportunity selection phase from the time when the 0th transmission selects the unit. At the start of the 0th transmission opportunity selection unit, the secondary user SUi pairs the 0th element Si in the selection vector. (t) the corresponding transmission opportunity is perceived. If the detection result is that the transmission opportunity is available, the user immediately transfers to the data transmission phase; if the detection result is that the transmission opportunity is unavailable, the secondary user is selected in the next transmission opportunity. Start to perceive the next transmission opportunity in the selection vector; and so on until the transmission opportunity is found to be transferred to the data transmission phase, or all transmission opportunities in the transmission opportunity selection vector are still unable to find the available resources, and then the attempt is abandoned.
- step 736 the secondary user utilizes the selected transmission opportunity for data transmission.
- step 738 the secondary user feeds back the transmission result information.
- the secondary user SUi generates a transmission result value of the slot ⁇ . If the value does not exceed L SeV -l, it indicates that the available transmission opportunity number is s ⁇ t); if the value is L SeV , it means that there is no available transmission opportunity.
- the secondary user SUi may use a predetermined feedback channel to feed back the transmission result value to the secondary base station serving it, and the secondary base station transmits the information to the decided frequency coordinator.
- FIGS. 9-10 are schematic block diagram showing the structure of a resource allocation device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the resource allocation device 900 can be configured on the secondary base station side of the secondary network or on the spectrum coordinator side, for example as part of a secondary base station or spectrum coordinator.
- the resource allocation device 900 includes a step transmission opportunity evaluation device 901, a vector generation device 903, and a transmission device 905.
- the transmission opportunity evaluation means 901 is for estimating the availability of the transmission product in the radio resources of the primary communication system.
- the availability of transmission opportunities described herein is a feature value used to indicate whether a transmission opportunity is available to a secondary user. It can be used to characterize the usage patterns of the licensed spectrum for the primary and secondary networks.
- the availability of a transmission opportunity may be represented by one or more of a continuous idle time period statistic, a transmission result statistic, and a transmission opportunity selection probability.
- the continuous idle period statistic indicates a continuous duration that the frequency band corresponding to the transmission opportunity is not used by the primary network;
- the transmission result statistic indicates a statistical result of the successful data transmission performed by the secondary user on the frequency band corresponding to each transmission opportunity;
- the transmission opportunity selection probability indicates the probability that the secondary user selects the transmission opportunity.
- the transmission opportunity evaluation means 901 can count the continuous idle time period statistics of the transmission opportunity as the feature value reflecting the availability of the transmission opportunity.
- the continuous idle period statistic of the transmission opportunity may be represented by one or more of the following parameters: (1) the average duration of the continuous idle period of the frequency band in which the transmission opportunity is located in the past predetermined time period; (2) the transmission The frequency band in which the opportunity is located has the highest probability of consecutive idle periods in the past predetermined time period; (3) the duration of the continuous idle period in which the current transmission opportunity is located in the past predetermined time period (if the current transmission opportunity is If the primary network is used, the value is zero).
- These time statistics may be perceived by the frequency coordinator or the secondary base station, or may be detected by each secondary user and reported to the secondary base station or the spectrum coordinator for statistics; (4) the frequency of the transmission opportunity is within a predetermined period of time The cumulative number of consecutive idle periods.
- the transmission opportunity evaluation device 901 may further count the transmission result statistic of the transmission opportunity as a feature value reflecting the availability of the transmission opportunity.
- the transmission result statistic may be defined as: the number of times the secondary user successfully performs data transmission on the frequency band corresponding to each transmission opportunity within a predetermined time period before the current transmission opportunity corresponding time.
- the transmission opportunity evaluation means 901 can normalize the transmission result statistic to: in a predetermined time period before the current transmission opportunity corresponding time, the secondary user is at the "transmission opportunity" The ratio of the number.
- the information about whether the secondary user performs data transmission on the transmission opportunity is fed back to the secondary base station or the spectrum coordinator by the secondary user, and is counted by the secondary base station or the frequency coordinator.
- the transmission opportunity evaluation means 901 can also calculate the transmission opportunity selection probability based on the above-described transmission result statistic.
- the probability of transmission opportunity selection varies with the measurement of the transmission result. Specifically, the transmission opportunity selection probability increases as the transmission result statistic increases, and decreases as the transmission result statistic decreases.
- the transmission opportunity selection probability may be calculated using, for example, the method described below with reference to Equation (15), (28) or (29) or Figure 3, and the description is not repeated here.
- the vector generation device 903 is configured to set a transmission opportunity selection vector for each secondary user in the cognitive radio system according to the availability of each transmission opportunity, where the transmission opportunity selection vector of each secondary user includes a plurality of estimations available for identifying Information about the transmission opportunity.
- the vector generation device 903 can employ the methods described in the various embodiments and examples above to generate a transmission selection vector, which is not repeated here.
- the vector generating device 903 when setting the transmission opportunity selection vector for each secondary user, needs to ensure that the transmission opportunity numbers are different at the same position of each user transmission opportunity selection vector. This prevents sub-users from colliding when the transmission opportunity is selected (that is, different secondary users occupy the same transmission opportunity at the same time). For another example, when setting the transmission opportunity selection vector for each secondary user, the vector generating means 903 ensures that the transmission opportunity selection vectors of the same secondary user have different transmission opportunity numbers at different positions. This prevents the secondary user from making multiple iterations of the same transmission opportunity during the transmission phase of a transmission opportunity.
- the transmitting means 905 issues the generated transmission opportunity selection vector to the corresponding secondary user.
- a transmission opportunity selection vector is set for each secondary user, that is, a rule for setting a secondary user to select a transmission opportunity is set, because a plurality of transmission opportunities provided to the secondary user are based on the It is selected for the availability of the secondary user, thus improving the efficiency of the secondary user in selecting transmission resources and improving resource utilization.
- the transmission opportunity selection vector may only include the sequence number of the transmission opportunity available for the estimation of the secondary user, and therefore, the transmission of the transmission opportunity selection vector occupies less transmission resources and less delay.
- the information in the transmission opportunity selection vector used to identify a plurality of estimated available transmission opportunities may be ordered according to the magnitude of the values of the availability of the plurality of estimated transmission opportunities. In this way, the secondary user preferentially selects one of the values of the availability based on the order of the estimated available transmission opportunities in the vector, thereby further reducing the time taken for the selection, and further improving the resource selection efficiency.
- the estimated available transmission opportunities for the respective transmitter selection vectors selected for different secondary users at their corresponding identical positions are different from each other, thus avoiding transmission collisions between the secondary users.
- the resource allocation device 900 described above may hold information about the transmission opportunity availability of each secondary user (eg, in a storage device (not shown)), and based on secondary user feedback during the resource allocation process.
- the transmission result and the detection result of the secondary base station for the transmission opportunity not selected by the secondary user calculate and update information about the transmission opportunity availability of each user.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic flow chart showing a resource utilization device for use in a cognitive radio system according to an embodiment.
- the resource utilization device 1000 is disposed on the secondary user side, for example, can be configured as part of the secondary user device.
- the resource utilization device 1000 includes a receiving device 1001 and a sensing device 1003.
- the receiving device 1001 is configured to receive a transmission opportunity selection vector for the secondary user from the frequency coordinator or the secondary base station.
- the transmission opportunity selection vector contains information for identifying a plurality of transmission opportunities that are estimated to be available.
- the transmission opportunity selection vector may be an arrangement of a plurality of sequence numbers that estimate the available transmission opportunities, such as the order of availability of the transmission products 1 available for each estimate. Detailed descriptions and specific examples of the transmission opportunity selection vector have been given in the embodiments or examples described above, and the description is not repeated here.
- the sensing device 1003 selects one of a plurality of estimated available transmission opportunities included in the transmission opportunity selection vector, and perceives the selected estimated available transmission opportunity to determine that the transmission product 1 is current Whether it is available (ie, whether the transmission opportunity is currently used by the primary network). If so (ie, if the transmission opportunity is perceived to be idle), the secondary user uses the transmission opportunity for data transmission. Otherwise, the sensing device 1003 perceives the next estimated available transmission opportunity in the transmission opportunity selection vector. If the perceptive available transmission opportunities in the transmission opportunity selection vector are currently unavailable, then the secondary user No data transmission is performed.
- the information in the transmission opportunity selection vector used to identify a plurality of estimated available transmission opportunities may be ordered according to the magnitude of the values of the availability of the plurality of estimated available transmission opportunities. .
- the sensing device 1003 may first perceive an estimated available transmission opportunity having the largest value among the plurality of estimated available transmission opportunities in the transmission opportunity selection vector, and if it is perceived that it is available, the secondary user utilizes the available Transmission opportunities are used for data transmission. Otherwise, the sensing device 1003 perceptually perceives the next estimated available transmission opportunity in the transmission opportunity selection vector.
- the resource utilization device 1000 may further include a transmitting device 1005.
- the transmitting device 1005 feeds back the transmission result related to data transmission using the transmission opportunity.
- the feedback transmission result information may include a transmission result vector and/or a transmission result value.
- the transmission result vector contains information as to whether each transmission opportunity in the transmission opportunity selection vector is available to the secondary user and/or whether the data transmission was successful.
- the transmission result value is expressed as the position of the transmission opportunity used by each user in the transmission opportunity selection vector. If the value is smaller than the length of the transmission opportunity selection vector, the selected transmission opportunity can be determined by querying the transmission opportunity selection vector; if the value is Not less than the length of the transmission opportunity selection vector, it can be determined that the secondary user has not found the available transmission product.
- the timing at which the transmitting device 1005 feeds back information may be determined based on the feedback channel.
- the transmitting device 1005 can employ a dedicated feedback channel that can be fed back after the secondary user determines the transmission opportunity.
- the transmitting device 1005 can use the obtained resources to feed back after the data transmission, and the secondary user who does not obtain the available transmission opportunity uses the dedicated feedback channel to complete the transmission opportunity. Give feedback after selection.
- a cognitive radio system comprising the above resource allocation device and resource utilization device.
- the resource allocation device can be located at the secondary base station or spectrum coordinator and can be configured as part of the secondary base station or frequency coordinator.
- the resource utilization device can be set up at the secondary user and can be set as part of the secondary user device.
- the various steps of the above method, as well as the various constituent modules and/or devices of the above-described devices, may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, or a combination thereof.
- the various components, units and subunits of the above apparatus may be configured by software, hardware or a combination thereof.
- the specific means or manner in which the configuration can be used is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described again.
- a program product for storing an instruction code readable by a machine is also proposed.
- the instruction code is read and executed by a machine, the resource allocation method and resource utilization method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure described above can be performed.
- a storage medium for carrying a program product storing the above-described storage machine readable instruction code is also included in the disclosure of the present disclosure.
- the storage medium includes, but is not limited to, a floppy disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a memory card, a memory stick, and the like.
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US15/235,936 US9973359B2 (en) | 2012-05-28 | 2016-08-12 | Cognitive radio system, resource allocation apparatus thereof and method therefor |
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CN103458416B (zh) | 2019-02-19 |
EP2858437A4 (en) | 2016-02-17 |
JP5871100B2 (ja) | 2016-03-01 |
US20160352547A1 (en) | 2016-12-01 |
CN103458416A (zh) | 2013-12-18 |
CN109889459A (zh) | 2019-06-14 |
EP2858437B1 (en) | 2020-03-18 |
US20150131550A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
KR101958121B1 (ko) | 2019-03-13 |
KR101707725B1 (ko) | 2017-02-16 |
CN109889459B (zh) | 2022-04-26 |
US9973359B2 (en) | 2018-05-15 |
JP2015518356A (ja) | 2015-06-25 |
EP3675582B1 (en) | 2021-10-27 |
US9444663B2 (en) | 2016-09-13 |
KR20150022874A (ko) | 2015-03-04 |
EP2858437A1 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
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