WO2013174681A1

WO2013174681A1 - Rock anchor

Info

Publication number: WO2013174681A1
Application number: PCT/EP2013/059977
Authority: WO
Inventors: Wolfgang Ludwig; Richard Podesser; Stefan Götzfried
Original assignee: Hilti Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 2012-05-24
Filing date: 2013-05-15
Publication date: 2013-11-28
Also published as: DE102012208736A1

Abstract

In a chemical rock anchor (1), in particular for use in mining, comprising an anchor tube (2) which encloses an inner space (5), a fixing material (6) arranged within the inner space (5) for integrally bonded fixing of the anchor tube (2) to rock, a conveying means (8) arranged within the inner space (5) for conveying the fixing material (6) outside the anchor tube (2) when the anchor tube (2) is arranged in a bore in the rock, a closure plug (12) with a fluid duct (15) for introducing a grouting fluid into the inner space (5) to the conveying means (8), wherein the closure plug (12) is arranged on a rear end region of the anchor tube (2), it is intended, using a boring and grouting adapter, both to be able to make a bore in the rock with a drill pipe and then, with the same boring and grouting adapter, to be able to introduce the rock anchor (1) into the bore without using a separate grouting adapter and to inject the fixing material. This object is achieved in that the closure plug (12) is provided on its rear side with a stub (13) and the fluid duct (15) is formed on the stub (13) such that the grouting fluid can be introduced through the fluid duct (15) in the stub (13) into the inner space (5).

Description

rock bolt

DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates to a rock bolt according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for fixing a rock bolt in rock according to the preamble of claim 12. In mining and tunneling rock anchors are used to prevent rock movements of the upcoming rock, slow down or larger To secure flakes of pending rock and thus to allow safe operation. In chemical rock anchors anchor pipes are connected with a hardening mortar or synthetic resin as a fixing material cohesively with the substrate or the upcoming rock. The rock anchors are installed with or without bias in the upcoming rock. Rock anchors in mining, z. As in the cabbage underground, serve in contrast to the tunnel only for temporary securing of the rock, because in general, the temporarily secured rock is mined in a later operation and thus the rock anchors are removed from the rock again.

The fixative is disposed within an enclosed by an anchor tube of the rock bolt interior. To fix the rock bolt, a hole in the rock is first worked with a drill string and only then can the chemical rock bolt be inserted into the hole. Drilling the hole with the drill string takes place with a drilling adapter with a drive motor. The drilling and Auspressadapter in this case has a recess into which engages a drill pipe when drilling with the drill string. Through this linkage pipe rinse water is passed through the drill pipe during drilling with the drill string. The rock bolt has at its rear end a closure plug with a recess as a bore. In order to be able to insert and place the rock bolt into the bore with the drilling and extrusion adapter, ie to be able to press out the fixing substance by means of an extrusion fluid, it is necessary to arrange a separate extrusion adapter between the drilling and extrusion adapter. With the drilling and Auspressadapter can thus not be introduced and set without the separate Auspressadapter the rock bolt. Due to the recess in the plug, a separate nozzle for insertion into the recess on the separate Auspressadapter is required in order to establish a fluid-conducting connection for the Auspressfluid from the drilling and Auspressadapter to the rock bolt. Disadvantageously, therefore, the separate extrusion adapter must be arranged on the drilling and Auspressadapter and then removed again between the drilling process with the drill string and the setting process with the rock bolt.

DE 10 2006 006 748 A1 shows an inline hollow composite bar anchor for your use in mining, tunneling, civil engineering and rock without intermediate means such as additional internal channels for flushing or suction of cuttings and without an inner tube as adhesive magazine, with one in a hollow bar bore Without further means incorporated, pre-assembled adhesive paste or granules with / without plastic hose, with / without mixing device by the Auspressvorgang with a piston, the chemical curing in the annulus of the well between the inliner Holbar full composite anchor and mountains is triggered.

DE 10 2006 058 458 A1 shows a hollow rod composite anchor designed as a cartridge mixing anchor, which can be used as a two-phase anchor for the use in mining, tunneling, underground and rock, with an at least partially embedded in a hollow rod bore of a hollow rod one-, two-component adhesive, in particular a pre-assembled pressure adhesive, at least one ankerkopfseitig provided cartridge mixer or bursting valve for the pressure sensitive adhesive and at least one ankerfußseitig positioned extrusion piston , wherein the outer surface of the hollow bar composite anchor coated with an adhesive, if necessary, with admixed filler, or provided with an adhesive thread or with welded thread spirals.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a rock bolt and a method for fixing a rock bolt in rock available, in which with a drill and Auspressadapter both with a drill string a hole can be incorporated into the rock and then with the same drilling and Auspressadapter can be inserted into the bore without the use of a separate Auspressadapters the rock bolts and the fixative can be pressed out. This object is achieved with a chemical rock bolt, in particular for use in mining, comprising an anchor tube which encloses an interior, a fixation material disposed within the interior for cohesive fixation of the anchor tube to rock, disposed within the interior conveyor for promoting the fixative outside of the Anchor tube in an arrangement of the anchor tube in a bore in the rock, a closure plug with a fluid channel for introducing a Auspressfluides in the interior to the conveying means, wherein the closure plug is arranged at a rear end portion of the anchor tube, wherein the closure plug is provided on the back with a nozzle and at the neck of the fluid channel is formed, so that the Auspressfluid is introduced through the fluid channel in the nozzle in the interior. The plug with the fluid channel for passing the Auspressfluides has a nozzle. This neck can be cut into a recess on one Drilling and Auspressadapter be introduced as a linkage on a drill pipe. This can be incorporated with a conventional, known from the prior art drilling and Auspressadapter both the bore with the drill string in the rock while flushing water are introduced into the drill pipe and then introduced with this identical drilling and Auspressadapter the rock bolt into the hole and at the same time the Auspressfluid, in particular a liquid, for. As water, are introduced through the rock bolts in the interior to the funding, z. Example, a piston or a hydraulically operated mechanism to thereby introduce the fixative from the interior into a space, in particular annular space, between the rock bolt and the rock for chemical fixation of the rock bolt on the rock. As a result, the operation in setting rock anchors can be significantly simplified in an advantageous manner, because with the same drilling and Auspressadapter both the bore incorporated with the drill string and then the rock anchor can be inserted into the hole and set. In particular, a rear end of the nozzle has an axial distance, z. B. at least 0.5 cm, 1 cm or 2 cm, to a rear end of the anchor tube.

In a further embodiment, the sealing plug is subdivided into a fastening section and the connecting piece, and the fluid channel is formed both on the fastening section and on the connecting piece. The attachment portion serves to attach the sealing plug to the anchor tube. In a supplementary embodiment, the attachment portion is at least partially, in particular completely, disposed within the interior. Suitably, the neck is at least partially, in particular completely, arranged outside the interior.

Preferably, an inner tube is disposed within the anchor tube as the outer tube. The outer diameter of the inner tube corresponds substantially, z. B. with a deviation of less than 5, 3 or 1 mm, the inner diameter of the outer tube as the anchor tube.

In a variant of the closure plug, in particular the attachment portion, indirectly or directly to the anchor tube as the outer tube and / or the inner tube, preferably on the inside, attached.

Suitably, the closure plug is attached with a positive and / or non-positive connection to the anchor tube as the outer tube and / or inner tube, preferably by an outer side locking ring engages in an annular groove on the anchor tube as an outer tube. Preferably, the closure plug is releasably connected to the anchor tube form and / or non-positively, for. B. by means of a latching connection with the locking ring and the annular groove connected.

In a further embodiment, the fixation material, a mixer and a cap for closing a front end of the anchor tube is disposed within the anchor tube, in particular within the inner tube, and preferably, the cap has at least one opening for conducting the fixative from the interior of the anchor tube enclosed , In an arrangement of the fixative and / or the mixer within the inner tube of the fixative and / or the mixer can be easily replaced by simply the inner tube is pulled out of the outer tube as an anchor tube and then another inner tube with a new fixative and / or Mixer is introduced. This is necessary, for example, when the expiration date of the fixative has already expired and therefore the fixative has to be exchanged. In particular, the closure plug at least partially, in particular completely, made of plastic, for. As polyurethane. Preferably, the sealing plug is inexpensive, preferably made of thermoplastic material, in particular by means of injection molding. The plug can be made very easy and is inexpensive.

Suitably, the sealing plug consists at least partially, in particular completely, of thermoplastic material.

In a further embodiment, an outer thread is formed on the outer side of the armature tube as the outer tube, and preferably, an outer nut with a ring nose is screwed onto the outer thread at a rear end region and the stopper is fastened to the rear side of the anchor tube with the annular nose. By means of the outer nut, the sealing plug with the annular nose can thus additionally be secured or fastened on the back by the outer nut on the remaining rock bolt.

In a supplementary variant, the conveying means is designed as a movable piston and / or the rock bolt comprises an anchor nut and / or the rock bolt comprises an anchor plate supported by the anchor nut for resting on the rock. The movable piston is moved by the squeezing fluid, and thereby the fixing agent can be squeezed out. With the anchor nut and the anchor plate, the rock bolt can be prestressed on the rock.

Method for fixing a rock bolt, in particular a rock bolt described in this patent application, in stone, with the steps, incorporating a hole in the rock, introducing the rock bolt into the bore, conveying a fixing material from an interior space enclosed by an anchor pipe through at least one opening in a space, in particular annular space, between the anchor tube and the rock, by a Auspressfluid through a fluid channel at a closure plug in the Interior with a drilling and Auspressadapter is initiated, cohesively securing the anchor tube with the fixative on the rock, hardening of the fixative, wherein when establishing a fluid-conducting connection between the interior of the anchor tube and the drilling and Auspressadapter a connection to the plug in the Bohr - And Auspressadapter is introduced.

In a further variant, the nozzle is inserted into a recess, in particular bore, on the drilling and Auspressadapter, so that the nozzle rests against the recess on the drilling and Auspressadapter for the fluid-conducting connection.

In a further embodiment, with the drill and Auspressadapter with a drill string, the hole is incorporated into the rock and then without using a separate Auspressadapters with the drilling and Auspressadapter the rock bolt is inserted into the bore and then promoted the fixative in the room by is introduced from the drilling and Auspressadapter through a fluid passage on the sealing plug with the nozzle, the Auspressfluid in the interior.

In particular, the neck is inserted at an axial length of at least 0.5 cm, 1 cm or 2 cm into the recess on the drilling and Auspressadapter.

The rock anchor expediently has no drill head at a front end. The hole for the rock bolt is thus only with a separate drill pipe work into the rock and only then the rock bolt can be inserted into the hole.

The rock bolt is also preferably designed as a sliding anchor. The sliding anchor has a sliding function to the effect that from a given, absorbed by the rock bolt tensile force, that is, the force acting on the anchor plate compressive force, which through the rock is caused, the anchor plate changes its position and thereby a movement is allowed on the rock, which reduce the tensile forces on the rod to be absorbed by the rock bolt. In a supplementary embodiment, the fixative, in particular a synthetic resin or mortar, comprises two components, eg. B. a glue component and a hardness component.

Preferably, the two components are each arranged separately in a bag. The bag is considered to be any device for storing the two separate components, for example a cartridge or other container.

In a supplementary embodiment, a mixer is arranged between the fixing substance and the at least one opening for mixing the fixing substance, in particular of the two components, before the release of the fixing substance from the at least one opening.

An embodiment of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 2 is a partial longitudinal section of the rock bolt of Fig. 1 at a rear end region with a drilling and squeezing adapter, and is a perspective view of a sealing plug 1 and a side view of a drilling and Auspressadapters with a drill string and a longitudinal section of a hole in a rock. A rock bolt 1 is used in mining for the temporary securing of rock 33 at tunnels. The rock bolt 1 comprises an anchor tube 2 as the outer tube 3 and an inner tube 4 (FIG. 1). Here, the inner tube 4 is disposed within the outer tube 3 and the outer diameter of the inner tube is slightly smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the anchor tube 2 and the outer tube 3. The anchor tube 2 and the inner tube 4 include an interior space 5 a. Within this enclosed by the inner tube 4 inner space 5, a mixer 10 and fixing material 6 is disposed within a cartridge 7. Furthermore, a piston 9 are arranged as conveying means 8 for the fixing material 6 within the inner tube 4. The anchor tube 2 has a rear end 19 and a front end 20. In the region of the front end 20 of the anchor tube 2, this is closed by a cap 1 1. The cap 1 1 in this case also has openings (not shown) through which the fixing material 6 can escape from the rock anchor 1 in an annular space as a space between the rock bolt 1 and the rock 33 upon insertion of the rock bolt 1 in a bore.

Within the outer and inner tubes 3, 4, a sealing plug 12 (FIGS. 2 and 3) made of thermoplastic material is arranged in the region of the rear end 19 of the anchor tube 2. The closure plug 12 is in one piece and consists of a nozzle 13 and a mounting portion 14. In this case, the nozzle 13 has a much smaller outside diameter, for. B. to more than 10%, 30% or 50%, on as the mounting portion 14. On the mounting portion 14 two pressing rings 30 are formed on the outside, and a locking ring 16 and a stop ring 29. At the neck 13, a sealing ring 28 is present on the outside , Within the closure plug 12, a fluid channel 15 for the passage of Auspressfluid, in particular water, is formed. For fastening the sealing plug 12 to the outer and inner tubes 3, 4, the sealing plug 12 with the fastening section 14 is to be introduced into the outer and inner tubes 3, 4, so that the two compression rings 30 rest elastically prestressed on the inner tube 4 under elastic deformation and the locking ring 16 engages in an annular groove 17 on the outer tube 3, so that thereby a positive connection between the locking ring 16 and the annular groove 17 is made on the outer tube 3. The stop ring 29 serves to ensure that the closure stopper 12 can only be inserted up to the stop ring 29, ie a resting of the stop ring 29 on the rear end 19 of the anchor tube 2. Subsequently, an outer nut 24 (FIGS. 1 and 2) with an internal thread is screwed onto an external thread 23 on the anchor tube 2 or outer tube 3. This outer nut 24 has an annular nose 25 and with this annular nose 25, the sealing plug 12 is additionally secured in the direction of a longitudinal axis 31 of the rock bolt 1 against slipping backwards. A rear end 18 of the neck 13 in this case has a distance in the axial direction of the longitudinal axis 31 to the rear end 19 of the anchor tube 2 and this distance corresponds substantially to the length of the nozzle 13. The nozzle 13 is thus substantially completely outside the interior of the fifth Due to the elastic bias of the two compression rings 30 of the mounting portion 14 on an inner side 21 of the inner tube 4 thus there is also a frictional connection between the two press rings 30 and the inner side 21 of the inner tube. 4 These forces acting radially outward on the two pressing rings 30 are transmitted from the inner tube 4 to an inner side 22 of the outer tube 3, since the inner tube 4 rests on the outside of the outer tube 3 made of steel. The inner tube 4 may also be made of plastic or metal.

For fixing the rock bolt 1 in rocks 33, a bore 32 is first worked into the rock 33 with a drill string 34. The drill string 34 has at its rear end a linkage pipe 39. A drilling and Auspressadapter 35 with a drive motor 38, z. As a combustion or electric motor, also has a bore 37 formed as a recess 36, in which the linkage pipe 39 of the drill string 34 engages. Within the boom neck 39 and the drill string 34, a channel for passing rinse water is formed (not shown). For a fluid-conducting and tight connection between the Drilling and Auspressadapter 35 and the drill pipe 34, it is necessary to introduce the linkage pipe 39 into the bore 37 on the drilling and Auspressadapter 35. After incorporating the bore 32, the drill string 34 is to be removed from the drilling and Auspressadapter 35 again and then the rock anchor 1 with the drilling and Auspressadapter 35 fluidly conductive and tight for supplying Auspressfluid in the rock bolt 1 with the drilling and Auspressadapter 35 are connected. Due to the formation of the nozzle 13 on the sealing plug 12, the nozzle 13 can be inserted into the bore 37 as a recess 36 of the drilling and Auspressadapters 35 and thereby a tight and fluid-conducting connection between the drilling and Auspressadapter 35 and the rock bolt 1 are made. For this purpose, the drilling and Auspressadapter 35 a channel (not shown) for passing Auspressfluid, in particular water on. This channel is also preferably used to supply rinse water when drilling with the drill pipe 34 to the drill pipe 34. During the introduction of the rock bolt 1 in the bore 32, it is also necessary to rotate the rock bolt 1 slightly, ie to offset in a rotational movement whose axis of rotation corresponds to the longitudinal axis 31. For this purpose, a drive nut 26, which is secured with a lock nut 27, are arranged on the outer tube 3. The drive nut 26 and the lock nut 27 have an internal thread which is screwed into the external thread 23 of the outer tube 3. By means of the drive nut 26 can be applied by the drilling and Auspressadapter 35 and a torque on the rock bolt 1. This is not shown in Fig. 4.

Overall, significant advantages are associated with the rock anchor 1 according to the invention and the method according to the invention for fixing the rock anchor 1. When incorporating the bore 32 in the rock 33 with the drilling and Auspressadapter 35 can be incorporated without the use of a separate Auspressadapters with a known from the prior art drilling and Auspressadapter 35, both the bore 32 with the drill string 34 and then with the identical Drilling and Auspressadapter 35 of the rock anchor 1 in the bore 32nd introduced and then the Auspressfluid be passed through the fluid passage 15 in the nozzle 13 and the mounting portion 14 to the piston 9, thereby characterized the piston 9, the fixative 6 through openings on the cap 1 1 in an annular space as a space between the rock bolt 1 and the rock 33 can be pressed. Subsequently, the fixing agent 6 harden and thereby the rock bolt 1 is firmly bonded to the rock 33. The operation for setting the rock bolt 1 can be significantly simplified because with an identical drilling and Auspressadapter 35 both the bore 32 incorporated with the drill pipe 34 and then the rock bolt 1 can be inserted and fixed without a separate Auspressadapter.

Claims

Chemical rock bolt (1), in particular for use in mining, comprising

an anchor tube (2) enclosing an internal space (5),

- One inside the interior (5) arranged

Fixing material (6) for cohesive fixing of the anchor tube (2) to rock (33),

- A within the interior (5) arranged conveying means (8) for conveying the fixing substance (6) outside of

Anchor tube (2) in an arrangement of the anchor tube (2) in a bore (32) in the rock (33),

a closure plug (12) with a fluid channel (15) for

Introducing a squeezing fluid into the internal space (5) to the conveying means (8), wherein the closing stopper (12) is arranged at a rear end region of the anchor tube (2), characterized in that the closing stopper (12) is connected at the back to a connecting piece (13) is provided and on the nozzle (13) of the fluid channel (15) is formed, so that the Auspressfluid through the fluid channel (15) in the nozzle (13) in the interior (5) can be introduced.

Rock anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that a rear end (18) of the nozzle (13) has an axial distance, z. B. at least 0.5 cm, 1 cm or 2 cm, to a rear end (19) of the anchor tube (2). Rock anchor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sealing plug (12) is subdivided into a fastening section (14) and the connecting piece (13), and the fluid channel (15) is attached both to the fastening section (14) and to the connecting piece (13 ) is trained.

Rock anchor according to claim 3, characterized in that the fastening portion (14) at least partially, in particular completely, within the inner space (5) is arranged.

Rock anchor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that inside the anchor tube (2) as the outer tube (3), an inner tube (4) is arranged.

Rock bolt according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the closure plug (12), in particular the attachment portion (14), directly or indirectly to the anchor tube (2) as an outer tube (3) and / or the inner tube (4), preferably inside, is attached.

7. Rock anchor according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sealing plug (12) with a positive and / or non-positive connection to the anchor tube (2) as an outer tube (3) and / or

Inner tube (4) is fixed, preferably in that an outer-side locking ring (16) engages in an annular groove (17) on the anchor tube (2) as an outer tube (3).

8. Rock anchors according to one or more of the preceding

Claims, characterized in that within the anchor tube (2), in particular within the

Inner tube (4), the fixing material (6), a mixer (10) and a cap (1 1) for closing a front end (20) of the

Anchor tube (2) is arranged

and preferably

the cap (1 1) has at least one opening for guiding the fixing substance (6) out of that of the anchor tube (2)

enclosed interior (5).

9. Rock anchors according to one or more of the preceding

Claims, characterized in that the closure plug (12) at least partially, in particular completely, made of plastic, for. As polyurethane exists.

10. rock bolt according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the anchor tube (2) as an outer tube (3) on the outside a

External thread (23) is formed and preferably at a rear end portion of the external thread (23) an outer nut (24) with a ring nose (25) is screwed and with the annular nose (25) of the sealing plug (12) on the anchor tube (2) on the back is attached.

1 1.Stone anchors according to one or more of the preceding

Claims, characterized in that the conveying means (8) is designed as a movable piston (9) and / or

the rock anchor (1) comprises an anchor nut

and or

the rock bolt (1) comprises an anchor plate supported by the anchor nut for resting on the rock (33). 12. A method for fixing a rock bolt (1), in particular a rock bolt (1) according to one or more of the preceding claims, in rock (33), with the steps of

- incorporation of a bore (32) in the rock (33),

Inserting the rock bolt (1) into the bore (32),

- Promote a fixative (6) from one of an anchor tube

(2) enclosed interior (5) by at least one

Opening in a space, in particular annular space, between the anchor tube (2) and the rock (33) by a Auspressfluid through a fluid channel (15) on a closure plug (12) in the Interior (5) is introduced with a drilling and Auspressadapter (35),

- cohesive fastening of the anchor tube (2) with the

Fixative (6) on the rock (33),

Hardening of the fixing substance (6), characterized in that, when establishing a fluid-conducting connection between the

Interior (5) of the anchor tube (2) and the drilling and

Auspressadapter (35) a nozzle (13) on the sealing plug (12) in the drilling and Auspressadapter (35) is inserted.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that the connecting piece (13) in a recess (36), in particular bore (37), is introduced to the drilling and Auspressadapter (35), so that the nozzle (13) on the Recess (36) on the drilling and

Extrusion adapter (35) rests for the fluid-conducting connection.

14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that with the drilling and Auspressadapter (35) with a drill string

(34) the bore (32) is machined into the rock (33) and then inserted into the bore (32) without the use of a separate extrusion adapter with the drilling and squeezing adapter (35) of the rock bolt (1) and then the fixing material (6 ) is conveyed into the room by the drilling and Auspressadapter

(35) introduced through a fluid channel (15) on the closure plug (12) with the nozzle (13) the Auspressfluid in the interior (5) becomes.

15. The method according to one or more of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the nozzle (13) on an axial length of at least 0.5 cm, 1 cm or 2 cm in the recess (36) on the drilling and

Auspressadapter (35) is introduced.