WO2013170728A1 - 内镶式反滤防堵灌水器及滴灌管道 - Google Patents

内镶式反滤防堵灌水器及滴灌管道 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013170728A1
WO2013170728A1 PCT/CN2013/075479 CN2013075479W WO2013170728A1 WO 2013170728 A1 WO2013170728 A1 WO 2013170728A1 CN 2013075479 W CN2013075479 W CN 2013075479W WO 2013170728 A1 WO2013170728 A1 WO 2013170728A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
component
filter cloth
pipe
filter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/075479
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈礼斌
Original Assignee
Chen Libin
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chen Libin filed Critical Chen Libin
Priority to US14/400,465 priority Critical patent/US9387422B2/en
Publication of WO2013170728A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013170728A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
    • B01D35/02—Filters adapted for location in special places, e.g. pipe-lines, pumps, stop-cocks
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
    • A01G25/023—Dispensing fittings for drip irrigation, e.g. drippers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/16—Control of watering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
    • B01D29/88—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices
    • B01D29/90—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor having feed or discharge devices for feeding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/14—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
    • B05B1/20—Arrangements of several outlets along elongated bodies, e.g. perforated pipes or troughs, e.g. spray booms; Outlet elements therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B05B15/40—Filters located upstream of the spraying outlets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of plant irrigation technology, and in particular, to an inner-mounted filter anti-blocking emitter and a drip irrigation pipe (belt) having the inner-mounted filter anti-blocking emitter.
  • Background technique
  • Drip irrigation is to transfer water with a certain pressure through a pipe system and a irrigator installed on the final pipe (capillary pipe) to directly and accurately transport the nutrients required for water and crop growth with a small flow rate.
  • One of the technologies One of the technologies.
  • Drip irrigation can be divided into surface drip irrigation and underground drip irrigation.
  • Surface drip irrigation is to arrange the capillary tube above the ground; underground drip irrigation is to bury all the capillary tube and the emitter (drip head) underground.
  • subsurface drip irrigation has the effects of better water saving, fertilizer saving, soil and environment protection, and increased yield and income.
  • the emitter is the core component of the drip irrigation system, and its function is to use the microchannel of the emitter to decompress and decompress, so that the water passes through the emitter, drops or oozes at a constant low flow rate, and then The form of the unsaturated stream diffuses around the emitter.
  • the emitter In order for the drip irrigation system to achieve the desired goal, the emitter must meet the following requirements: (1) The flow rate is small, uniform, stable, and sensitive to changes in water pressure; (2) Good anti-blocking performance; (3) Simple structure Easy to manufacture, lay and install.
  • the single-wing labyrinth is to heat the various shapes of the flow path at one side or the middle part of the tube at the same time as the thin-walled tube;
  • the in-line type is to pre-manufacture the water in the manufacturing process of the capillary tube.
  • the device is embedded in the capillary tube;
  • the pressure compensation type changes the shape of the elastomer component or the flow channel by the pressure of the water flow, so that the surface area of the water passage section is changed, so that the flow of the dripper is small and stable.
  • the above several types of irrigators use a method of directly setting a turbulent flow path on the irrigator to reduce energy and decompression. Not only the accuracy of the flow path manufacturing is high, but a slight deviation will be
  • the outflow capacity of the emitter has a large impact, and in order to make the large flow section produce a large pressure loss and a small flow rate at the dripper section, the water flow passage section is generally set at 0.3 ⁇ 1.0. Between millimeters, such a single small flow path is easy to cause the flow channel to be blocked, even if the investment in the filtration and other facilities is increased, it is difficult to avoid, especially it is difficult to prevent biological and chemical blockage. [0006] However, if the cross section of the flow passage is slightly enlarged, the flow rate is not well controlled, which wastes water and affects the uniformity and effect of irrigation.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an inner-mounted filter anti-blocking emitter and a drip irrigation pipe (belt) having an inner-mounted filter anti-blocking emitter to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
  • an inlaid filter anti-blocking emitter provided by the present invention is internally fixed to an inner wall of a water delivery pipe, and includes a first component and a second component fixed to each other, and is sandwiched between a filter cloth between a component and a second component; wherein the first component and/or the second component has a water guiding passage for water flowing in the water conduit to enter the emitter and contact the filter cloth, the first component
  • the utility model further has a water outlet passage which can expose the filter cloth and communicate the filter cloth with the water outlet of the water delivery pipe, and a portion around the water outlet passage is fixed to the inner wall of the water delivery pipe, and is sandwiched between the first component and the second component.
  • the filter cloth is the medium that the water diversion channel leads to the water passage, so that the water flowing through the water pipeline must pass through the water diversion channel, the filter cloth and the water outlet channel in order to seep the water pipeline from the water outlet.
  • the filter cloth sandwiched between the first component and the second component is the only medium through which the water guiding channel leads to the water outlet channel, and the water flowing through the water conduit is from the water guiding channel through the first component and The filter cloth at the clamping of the second component penetrates into the water outlet passage. That is to say, the direction in which the filter cloth is pressed perpendicularly or nearly perpendicularly is the direction of penetration of water, and does not directly permeate longitudinally along the cross section of the filter cloth, so that it does not cause excessive water seepage.
  • the second component is in the shape of a box
  • the first component is a rectangular parallelepiped shape that can be snapped into the box-shaped second component
  • the first component has a filter cloth that can be exposed and The exposed filter cloth and the hollow portion corresponding to the position of the water outlet on the water delivery pipe, the filter cloth completely covers the hollow portion to form a water seepage portion
  • the second member has a pressing portion for pressing the filter cloth on the first member
  • the second component further has a water inlet for the water flowing through the water pipe to enter the emitter and contact the filter cloth, and the portion around the hollow portion of the water tank is fixed to the inner wall of the water pipe to make the water pipe flow inflow The water that passes through does not directly enter the hollowed out part.
  • the pressing portion completely covers the hollow portion on the projection surface, and along the side of the hollow portion The edge presses the filter cloth so that the water flowing through the water supply pipe must pass through the filter cloth at the pressed portion to enter the hollow portion and ooze out from the water outlet.
  • the filter cloth extends out of the water absorption portion in addition to the pressing portion of the pressing portion, and extends toward the water diversion ⁇ .
  • the four sides of the first component are inverted conical slopes so as to be caught in the second component and cooperatively sealed and fixed.
  • the side surface of the first component is provided with a rib or a groove
  • the corresponding position of the second component is provided with a groove or a rib which cooperates with the rib or the groove.
  • the first component is a first bell-shaped tubular member
  • the second component is a cylindrical second tubular member that can be inserted and fixed to one end of the first tubular member.
  • a column member the first column member is recessed in the middle of the shaft to form a bell shape having two wide tubular columns and a middle narrow tubular column, which is coaxial with the second tubular member and has an axial center.
  • the water supply flow is formed into the water emitter by forming a water guiding passage, and one or more water seeing holes are provided along the direction parallel to the axis on the annular surface of the outer wall of the wide tubular column and the outer wall of the narrow tubular string, and water seepage is provided
  • the wide tubular column of the hole is inserted and fixed by the second tubular member, the inner ring of the water seepage hole of the wide tubular string protrudes and abuts against the top ring of the second tubular member, the annular filter cloth is clamped therein, and the filter
  • the outer part of the cloth is empty, so that the axis of the two pipe columns is transparent, and the water seepage hole exposes the filter cloth and communicates with the water outlet of the water delivery pipe to form a water outlet channel, and the outer walls of the two wide tubular columns of the first pipe column are respectively
  • the inner wall of the water pipeline is fixed.
  • a recessed position in the middle of the first tubular member corresponds to a water outlet on the water conduit, and forms a part of the water outlet.
  • part or all of the filter cloth is exposed to the water seepage hole after assembly.
  • the outer wall of the second tubular member has a rib or a groove
  • a wide tubular string provided with a water permeable hole has a groove or a rib matching the rib or the groove.
  • the filter cloth is a synthetic fiber.
  • the filter cloth is a nonwoven fabric.
  • the filter cloth is a geotextile.
  • the thickness of the geotextile after being clamped is 1/4 to 3/4 of the natural thickness.
  • the filter cloth used in the present invention is preferably a geotextile.
  • the filter cloth can prevent impurities in the water from blocking the water outlet passage, and on the other hand, can control the speed of water seepage.
  • the filter cloth used in the present invention is not limited to geotextiles, general natural fiber or synthetic fiber woven filter media, such as cotton, hemp, wool, silk, asbestos fiber, glass fiber, polypropylene, polyester, nylon, Both Velon and the like can be used for the present invention.
  • the present invention further provides a drip irrigation pipe (drip irrigation pipe, drip irrigation belt) having the above-described inner-mounted filter anti-blocking emitter, which comprises a pipe body and a plurality of the above-mentioned water emitters disposed on the inner wall of the pipe.
  • a drip irrigation pipe drip irrigation pipe, drip irrigation belt
  • the above-described inner-mounted filter anti-blocking emitter which comprises a pipe body and a plurality of the above-mentioned water emitters disposed on the inner wall of the pipe.
  • the present invention has the following positive technical effects due to the adoption of the above technical solutions:
  • [0027] It can prevent physical blockage and prevent chemical and biological blockage, and thoroughly solves the worldwide problem that the in-line drip irrigation emitter is easy to block, and has a wide application range.
  • the invention subverts the original research and development ideas of the in-line drip irrigation pipe (belt) which is attempted to enhance the anti-blocking property by adopting methods such as strengthening filtration, increasing the flow channel, increasing the water inlet and the water outlet, and applying the originality.
  • the mechanism of blocking and blocking is ensured that the water flowing through the water pipeline can pass through the water diversion channel, the filter cloth and the water outlet channel in order to ooze out, and the filter cloth directly contacts the pipeline water, and at the same time, the filter is made as much as possible.
  • the cloth is close to the water outlet on the pipe to ensure that the passage of the water is not blocked; the filter cloth such as geotextile has a filtering function, and the inside has numerous mesh-like spaces, which are filled with various organic and inorganic substances. After that, there is no longer a small gap which can be entered only by the aqueous solution, so that the aqueous solution passes very slowly, and since the filter cloth such as geotextile is flexible, it is not completely blocked.
  • the compacted filter cloth also prevents the intrusion of plant roots, so it can be used for both surface drip irrigation and underground infiltration (drop) irrigation.
  • the water seepage flow rate is controllable, the flow rate is small, uniform, stable, and the sensitivity to water pressure changes is small.
  • one ring of filter cloth at the clamping point is the only channel through which water seeps out to the water outlet.
  • the structure is simple, easy to manufacture, lay and install.
  • the built-in filter anti-blocking emitter adopts the structure of the two-component inner filter cloth fixed to the inner wall of the water pipeline, and is convenient to process and assemble, and is firmly fixed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of an inlaid filter anti-blocking emitter according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a drip irrigation tube of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a second embodiment of the built-in filtering anti-blocking emitter of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a water emitter according to a second embodiment of the present invention. detailed description First Embodiment
  • the inner-mounted filter anti-blocking emitter 1 is disposed on the inner wall of the PE water delivery hose 3, and is fixed on the wall of the hose 3.
  • a first member 11 of PE material, a second member 12 made of PE material fixed to the first member 11, and a geotextile 13 disposed between the first member 11 and the second member 12, and the hose 3 is opened
  • the nozzle 31; the second member 12 further has a plurality of water inlets 122 for the water flowing through the water delivery hose 3 to enter the emitter and contact the filter cloth.
  • the second member 12 has a box shape
  • the first member 11 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape so as to be caught in the box-shaped second member 12.
  • the first member 11 has a hollow portion 111 that can expose the geotextile 13 and position the exposed geotextile 13 and the water outlet 31, and the geotextile 13 completely covers the hollow portion 111 to form a water seepage portion.
  • the second member 12 has a pressing portion 121 for pressing the geotextile 13 against the first member 11, and the pressing portion 121 completely covers the hollow portion 111 on the projection surface, and presses the geotextile 13 along the edge of the hollow portion 111. Tightly, the water flowing through the inside of the hose 3 must pass through the geotextile 13 in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the geotextile 13 is clamped to enter the hollow portion 111 and ooze out from the water outlet 31.
  • the hollow portion 111 It is also convenient to punch holes in the hose 3; a circle around the hollow portion 111 of the emitter is combined with the inner wall of the hose around the water outlet 31 by heat sealing, so that the water seepage portion forms a relatively closed space for water delivery.
  • the water flowing through the hose must pass through the water inlet 122, the geotextile 13, the hollow portion 111, and the water outlet 31 in order to ooze out, that is, a circle where the pressing portion 121 and the edge of the hollow portion 111 are sandwiched.
  • Geotextiles are the medium of water seepage and the only medium.
  • the degree of compaction of the geotextile 13 can be adjusted by the gap between the first member 11 and the pressing portion 121 of the second member 12, and the water seepage speed of the entire emitter can be simplified and good. control.
  • the thickness of the geotextile 13 after being compacted is 1/3 of the natural thickness, and according to the experiment, the water permeability of the compactness after compaction is better.
  • the geotextile 13 extends beyond the pressing portion of the pressing portion 121 to extend out of the water absorbing portion and extends toward the water guiding port 122 to suck water into the water delivery hose 3, and the design can further prevent further.
  • the water passage is blocked because the surface area for water absorption becomes larger.
  • the four sides of the first member 11 are provided with four ribs 112, and four grooves 123 are inserted into the inner wall of the second member 12, and are sealed and fixed to each other.
  • This embodiment adopts a patch type water emitter, which is attached to the inner wall of the water transfer hose 3, and uses geotextile as a water seepage medium.
  • a composite geotextile of "one film and one cloth” can also be used as the water seepage medium.
  • film One side abuts against the pressing portion, and the side of the "cloth” faces the hollow portion, and the length of the composite geotextile is shorter than that of the embodiment, so that the water guiding opening is exposed on the left and right sides, so that the water can be from the composite geotextile Both sides penetrate.
  • Water hose ie water belt, drip belt: LDPE hose, wall thickness 0.6mm, outer diameter 20mm.
  • One inner-mounted filter anti-blocking emitter is placed on each 30cm water hose.
  • the filter cloth used in the present embodiment was a geotextile of 300 g/m 2 .
  • the column-type filter anti-blocking emitter 2 includes a dumbbell-shaped first tubular member 21 made of PE material and a PE material insertable and fixed. a cylindrical second tubular member 22 at the end of the tubular member 21, the middle of the first tubular member 21 is recessed toward the axial center to integrally form a dumbbell-shaped structure having two wide tubular columns 211 and intermediate narrow tubular columns 212
  • the first tubular member axis 213 is coaxial with the second tubular member axis 222 and is axially transparent to form a water guiding passage and the water supply flow enters the emitter.
  • the outer wall and the narrow tubular column 212 of the wide tubular column 211 at one end is provided with eight water seeing holes 215 along a direction parallel to the axis, such as a small rectangular window, and the wide tubular string provided with the water seeing hole 215 is inserted and fixed by the second tubular member 22.
  • the inner ring of the water seeing hole 215 of the head wide pipe protrudes and abuts against the top ring 224 of the second pipe string member, the annular filter cloth 23 is sandwiched therein, and the filter cloth 23 is empty and the axis of the two pipe columns is made
  • the heart is transparent, and the water permeable hole 215 exposes the outer ring of the partially compacted geotextile 23, so that the water must follow
  • the work cloth 23 is inserted into the water seepage hole 223 through the geotextile 23 in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the force is applied, and at the same time, a recessed position in the middle of the first pipe string member 21 corresponds to the water outlet on the water conveyance pipe, and is exposed.
  • the geotextile 23, the water seepage hole 223 and the recess together form a water outlet channel, and the one-turn recess can also facilitate the punching of the pipe wall; the outer wall of the two wide-width tubular columns 211 of the first tubular member 21 and the water conduit
  • the inner wall is fixed so that the water flowing through the water conduit must pass through the transparent shaft, the geotextile 23, the water seepage hole 223 and the recessed hole to ooze out, that is, the top ring 224 of the second tubular member
  • the inner ring of the water seepage hole 215 protrudes from the circle of the geotextile 23, which is the medium of water seepage and is the only medium.
  • the outer wall of the second tubular member 22 has a ring rib 223, and a wide tubular string 211 provided with a water seeping hole cooperatively has a ring groove 214 for the first tubular member 21 It is fixed to the second tubular member 22.
  • the other end of the second tubular member 22 opposite to the top ring 224 also has a projection 221 for engaging the top end of the first tubular member 21 after assembly, and the outer ring of the projection 221 is also heat-sealed with the inner wall of the water conduit. It also serves to prevent water from escaping into the water outlet along the gap between the two column members.
  • the degree of compaction of the geotextile 23 can be adjusted by the gap between the top ring 224 of the second tubular member and the inner ring of the water seepage hole 215, and the water seepage speed of the entire emitter can be obtained.
  • the thickness of the geotextile 23 after being pressed is 1/3 of the natural thickness, and according to the experiment, the water permeability of the compactness after compaction is better.
  • This embodiment adopts a pipe-type water emitter, which is embedded in the inner wall of the water pipeline, and uses geotextile as the water seepage medium.
  • a composite geotextile of "one membrane and one cloth” can also be used as the water seepage medium, One side of the “film” abuts against the top ring of the second tubular member, and the side of the "cloth” faces the seepage hole.
  • Water hose ie water belt, drip belt: LDPE hose, wall thickness 1.2mm, outer diameter 16mm.
  • 10 in-line filter anti-blocking emitters are arranged equidistantly on every 3 meters of water hose.
  • the filter cloth used in this example was a geotextile of 400 g/m 2 .

Abstract

一种内镶式反滤防堵灌水器及滴灌管（带），该灌水器（1、2）包括相互固定的第一部件（11、21）和第二部件（12、22），以及夹于第一部件（11、21）与第二部件（12、22）之间的滤布（13、23）；第一部件（11、21）和/或第二部件（12、22）上具有引水通道，第一部件（11、21）还具有可暴露出滤布（13、23）并使滤布（13、23）与输水管道上出水口相通的出水通道，出水通道周围的部分与输水管道内壁相固定，被第一部件（11、21）与第二部件（12、22）所夹之处的滤布（13、23）即是引水通道通向出水通道的媒介。该内镶式反滤防堵灌水器及滴灌管（带）结构简单，便于制造、铺设和安装；渗水流速可控性强，出流量小、均匀、稳定，对水压变化的敏感度小；既能防物理性堵塞，又能防化学和生物性堵塞。

Description

内镶式反滤防堵灌水器及滴灌管道 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及植物灌溉技术领域， 特别涉及一种内镶式的反滤防堵灌水器及 具有该内镶式反滤防堵灌水器的滴灌管 （带）。 背景技术
[0002] 滴灌是将具有一定压力的水， 通过管道系统与安装在末级管道 （毛管） 上 的灌水器， 将水和作物生长所需的养分以较小的流量， 均匀、准确地直接输送到作 物根部附近土壤的一种灌水方法。 滴灌不破坏土壤结构， 使土壤内部水、 肥、 气、 热经常保持适宜于作物生长的良好状况， 水分蒸发损失小， 不产生地面径流， 几乎 没有深层渗漏， 是迄今为止最节水的灌溉技术之一。
[0003] 滴灌可分为地表滴灌与地下滴灌方式。地表滴灌是将毛管布置在地面以上； 地下滴灌是将毛管和灌水器（滴头）全部埋入地下。 相对于地表滴灌， 地下滴灌具 有更好地节水、 节肥、 保护土壤和环境及增产增收等效果。
[0004] 灌水器是滴灌系统的核心部件， 其作用是利用灌水器的微小流道消能减 压， 使水通过灌水器， 以一个恒定的低流量滴出或渗出后， 在土壤中以非饱和流的 形式在灌水器下向四周扩散。要使滴灌系统真正达到预期的目标， 灌水器必须达到 以下要求： （1)出流量小、 均匀、 稳定， 对水压变化的敏感度小； （2)抗堵塞性能好； (3)结构简单， 便于制造、 铺设和安装。
[0005] 目前滴灌系统常用的灌水器 （滴头） 有三种， 单翼迷宫式、 内镶式和压力 补偿式。其中， 单翼迷宫式是在制造薄壁管的同时， 在管的一侧或中间部位一次整 体热压出各种形状的流道；内镶式是在毛管制造过程中将预先制造好的灌水器镶嵌 在毛管内； 压力补偿式是借助水流压力使弹性体部件或流道改变形状， 从而使过水 段面面积发生变化， 以使滴头出流小而稳定。 目前上述几种灌水器（滴头）都是采 用在灌水器上直接设置紊流态细小流道的方法以求消能减压，不仅流道制造的精度 要求很高， 稍有偏差就会对灌水器的出流能力造成较大的影响， 而且为了使大的过 流断面在在滴头部位产生较大的压力损失和一个较小的流量，水流通道断面一般都 设定在 0.3 ~1.0毫米之间， 这样单一细小流道的设置很容易造成流道堵塞， 就算通 过加大过滤等设施的投入， 也很难避免， 尤其是难以防止生物和化学堵塞。 [0006] 而如果稍微扩大流道的横截面， 流量又不好控制， 既浪费水， 又影响灌溉 的均匀性和效果。
[0007] 目前的常用的滴灌管 （带） 用于地表滴灌也尚存在着容易堵塞， 对水质要 求较高， 均匀度差等问题， 而如果用于地下滴灌则堵塞的问题更加严重。 因此， 如 何同步解决滴灌系统中灌水器流量的控制和防止灌水器堵塞的问题，是推动滴灌进 一步发展和应用的关键问题。 发明内容
[0008] 本发明的目的是提供一种内镶式的反滤防堵灌水器及具有内镶式反滤防 堵灌水器的滴灌管 （带）， 用以解决上述现有技术存在的不足。
[0009] 为实现上述目的， 本发明所提供的内镶式反滤防堵灌水器， 内镶固定于输水 管道的内壁,其包括相互固定的第一部件和第二部件， 以及夹于第一部件与第二部件 之间的滤布;其中,该第一部件和 /或第二部件上具有供输水管道内流经的水进入灌 水器并接触滤布的引水通道， 该第一部件还具有可暴露出滤布并使滤布与输水管道 上出水口相通的出水通道， 该出水通道周围的部分与输水管道内壁相固定， 被第一 部件与第二部件所夹之处的滤布即是引水通道通向出水通道渗水的媒介， 使得输水 管道内流经的水必须依次经过引水通道、 滤布和出水通道， 才能从出水口渗出输水 管道。
[0010] 进一步地， 被第一部件与第二部件所夹之处的滤布是引水通道通向出水通 道渗水的唯一媒介，输水管道内流经的水从引水通道经被第一部件与第二部件夹紧 处的滤布渗入出水通道。也就是说， 滤布被压紧方向相垂直或接近垂直的方向即是 水的渗透方向，而非沿着滤布截面直接纵向渗过，因此，不会造成渗水过快的后果。
[0011] 本发明的一个具体技术方案是： 该第二部件为盒形， 该第一部件为可卡入 该盒形第二部件的长方体形，该第一部件具有可暴露出滤布并使露出的滤布与输水 管道上出水口位置对应且相通的镂空部分，该滤布完全覆盖过镂空部分而形成渗水 部， 该第二部件具有将滤布压在第一部件上的压紧部， 该第二部件还具有供输水管 道内流经的水进入灌水器并接触滤布的引水口，灌水器上镂空部分周围的部分与输 水管道内壁相固定， 以使输水管道内流经的水不直接进入镂空部分。
[0012] 进一步地， 该压紧部在投影面上完全覆盖过镂空部分， 并沿镂空部分的边 缘将滤布压紧，使输水管道内流经的水必须经过被压紧处的滤布才能进入镂空部分 而从出水口渗出。
[0013] 进一步地， 该滤布在被压紧部压紧处以外还延伸出吸水部， 并伸向该引水 π。
[0014] 进一步地， 该第一部件的四个侧面为倒锥形斜面， 以便于卡入该第二部件 并相互配合密封固定。
[0015] 进一步地， 该第一部件的侧面设有凸棱或凹槽， 该第二部件的对应位置设 有与该凸棱或凹槽相互配合的凹槽或凸棱。
[0016] 本发明的另一个具体技术方案是： 该第一部件是 *铃形的第一管柱件， 第 二部件是可插入固定于该第一管柱件一端的圆筒形第二管柱件，该第一管柱件中间 一圈向轴心凹陷而使整体形成具有两头宽管柱和中间窄管柱的 *铃形，其与第二管 柱件同轴且轴心通透， 以形成引水通道而供水流进入灌水器， 在一头的宽管柱外壁 与窄管柱外壁相连的圆环面上， 沿着平行于轴线的方向， 设有一个或多个渗水孔， 设有渗水孔的该头宽管柱被第二管柱件插入固定，该头宽管柱上渗水孔的内圈凸出 并与第二管柱件的顶圈相抵， 环形滤布夹于其中， 且滤布当中为空而使两管柱件的 轴心通透， 该渗水孔露出滤布且与输水管道上出水口相通而形成出水通道， 该第一 管柱件的两头宽管柱外壁均与输水管道内壁相固定。
[0017] 进一步地，该第一管柱件中间的一圈凹陷位置对应于输水管道上的出水口， 构成出水通道的一部分。
[0018] 进一步地， 装配后滤布部分或全部暴露于该渗水孔。
[0019] 进一步地， 该第二管柱件外壁具有凸棱或凹槽， 设有渗水孔的一头宽管柱 有与该凸棱或凹槽相配合的凹槽或凸棱。
[0020] 进一步地， 该滤布为合成纤维。
[0021] 进一步地， 该滤布为无纺布。
[0022] 进一步地， 该滤布为土工布。
[0023] 进一步地， 该土工布被夹紧后的厚度为自然厚度的 1/4-3/4。
[0024] 本发明所用的滤布优选土工布， 一方面滤布可以阻止水中的杂质堵住出水 通道， 另一方面可以控制渗水的速度。 需要注意的是， 本发明所用滤布不仅限于土 工布， 一般的天然纤维或合成纤维织成的过滤介质， 如棉、 麻、 羊毛、 茧丝、 石棉 纤维、 玻璃纤维、 丙纶、 涤纶、 锦纶、 维纶等， 都可以为本发明之用。 [0025] 本发明进一步提供一种具有上述内镶式反滤防堵灌水器的滴灌管道 （滴灌 管、 滴灌带）， 其包括管道体以及设于管道体内壁的数个上述灌水器。
[0026] 本发明由于采用上述技术方案， 具有以下积极进步技术效果：
[0027] 1、 既能防物理性堵塞， 又能防化学和生物性堵塞， 彻底破解了内镶式滴灌 灌水器容易堵塞的世界性难题， 应用范围广。本发明颠覆了目前国内外都试图通过 采取诸如加强过滤、加大流道、增加进水和出水口等办法以增强抗堵性的内镶式滴 灌管 （带）研发思路， 独创性地应用 "以堵防堵"的机理， 通过特殊的结构设计确保 输水管道中流经的水依次经过引水通道、滤布、 出水通道后才能渗出， 并使滤布直 接接触管道流水， 同时尽可能使滤布靠近管道上的出水口， 确保出水的通道不被堵 住； 土工布等滤布具有反滤功能， 其内部具有无数的网状结构的空隙， 这些空隙在 被各种有机和无机的物质填充后，最后会留下只有水溶液才能进入的不能再小的空 隙使水溶液非常缓慢的通过， 并且， 由于土工布等滤布是柔性的， 因此更不会被完 全堵塞。压紧后的滤布也能防止植物根系的侵入， 因此既可用于地表滴灌， 也可以 用于地下渗 （滴） 灌。
[0028] 2、 渗水流速可控性强， 出流量小、 均匀、 稳定， 对水压变化的敏感度小。 采用双部件内夹滤布的方式， 夹紧处的一圈滤布即为水向出水口渗出的唯一通道， 通过对滤布渗水截面的面积和压紧处的密实度进行调节，可以达到控制渗水流速的 目的。
[0029] 3、 结构简单， 便于制造、铺设和安装。本内镶式反滤防堵灌水器采用与输 水管道内壁相固定的双部件内夹滤布的结构， 加工和装配方便、 固定牢靠。 附图说明
[0030] 为能更清楚理解本发明的目的、 特点和优点， 以下将结合附图对本发明的 较佳实施例进行详细描述， 其中：
[0031] 图 1为本发明内镶式反滤防堵灌水器第一实施例的结构示意图；
[0032] 图 2为本发明滴灌管一实施例的剖面图；
[0033] 图 3为本发明内镶式反滤防堵灌水器第二实施例的剖面图；
[0034] 图 4为本发明第二实施例灌水器的立体图。 具体实施方式 [0035] 第一实施例
[0036] 请同时参阅图 1和图 2,本第一实施例中,内镶式反滤防堵灌水器 1设于 PE 输水软管 3的内壁， 其包括固定在软管 3管壁上的 PE材质的第一部件 11、 与第一 部件 11相固定的 PE材质的第二部件 12和设于第一部件 11与第二部件 12之间的 土工布 13， 软管 3上开设有出水口 31 ; 第二部件 12还具有多个供输水软管 3内流 经的水进入灌水器并接触滤布的引水口 122。
[0037] 其中,第二部件 12为盒形，第一部件 11为长方体形，以便卡入盒形的第二部 件 12。
[0038] 其中，第一部件 11具有可暴露出土工布 13并使露出的土工布 13与出水口 31位置对应且相通的镂空部分 111， 土工布 13完全覆盖过镂空部分 111而形成渗 水部， 第二部件 12具有将土工布 13压在第一部件 11上的压紧部 121， 压紧部 121 在投影面上完全覆盖过镂空部分 111，并沿着镂空部分 111的边缘将土工布 13压紧， 使软管 3内流经的水必须沿着与土工布 13被夹紧受力方向相垂直的方向经过土工 布 13才能进入镂空部分 111而从出水口 31渗出， 此外， 镂空部分 111还可便于在 软管 3上打孔之用； 灌水器上镂空部分 111周围一圈通过热合与出水口 31周围的 软管内壁相结合， 让渗水部形成一个相对封闭的空间， 以使输水软管内流经的水必 须依次经过引水口 122、 土工布 13、 镂空部分 111和出水口 31才能渗出， 即被压 紧部 121和镂空部分 111边缘所夹之处的一圈土工布， 就是渗水的媒介， 且是唯一 媒介。
[0039] 同时， 通过这样的结构， 土工布 13的密实度可以通过第一部件 11与第二 部件 12上压紧部 121的间隙来调节， 整个灌水器的渗水速度便可以得到简单、 良 好的控制。本实施例中土工布 13被压紧后的厚度为自然厚度的 1/3， 根据实验， 这 样压紧后的密实度的渗水速度较佳。
[0040] 其中， 土工布 13在被压紧部 121压紧处以外还延伸出吸水部， 并伸向引 水口 122， 以便向输水软管 3中吸取水， 这样的设计也可以进一步防止进水通道被 堵塞， 因为吸水的表面积变大了。
[0041] 本实施例中， 第一部件 11的四个侧面上设有 4条凸棱 112， 卡入第二部件 12内壁的 4条凹槽 123， 并相互配合密封固定。
[0042] 本实施例采用贴片式灌水器， 内贴于输水软管 3的内壁， 采用土工布作为 渗水介质， 实际应用中也可以采用"一膜一布"的复合土工布作为渗水介质， 以"膜" 的一侧抵贴于压紧部， 以"布"的一侧面对镂空部分， 而复合土工布的长度较本实施 例要短， 以便在左右两侧露出引水口， 使水可以从复合土工布的两侧渗入。
[0043] 本实施例中所用输水管道的材料规格如下：
[0044] 输水软管 （即输水带、 滴灌带）： LDPE 软管， 壁厚 0.6mm， 撑圆后外径 20mm。
[0045] 每 30cm输水软管上设置 1个内镶式反滤防堵灌水器。
[0046] 本实施例中所用的滤布为 300g/m2的土工布。
[0047] 第二实施例
[0048] 请同时参阅图 3和图 4,本第二实施例中,管柱式反滤防堵灌水器 2包括 PE 材质的哑铃形第一管柱件 21和 PE材质的可插入固定于第一管柱件 21—端的圆筒 形第二管柱件 22,第一管柱件 21中间一圈向轴心凹陷而使整体形成具有两头宽管柱 211和中间窄管柱 212的哑铃形结构，第一管柱件轴心 213与第二管柱件轴心 222同 轴且轴心通透，以形成引水通道而供水流进入灌水器， 在一头的宽管柱 211 外壁与 窄管柱 212外壁相连的圆环面 216上,沿着平行于轴线的方向设有八个渗水孔 215, 如长方形小窗，设有渗水孔 215的那头宽管柱被第二管柱件 22插入固定， 该头宽管 柱上渗水孔 215的内圈凸出并与第二管柱件的顶圈 224相抵， 环形滤布 23夹于其 中， 且滤布 23当中为空而使两管柱件的轴心通透， 渗水孔 215露出部分压紧后的 土工布 23的外圈，这样就使得水必须沿着与土工布 23被夹紧受力方向相垂直的方 向经过土工布 23才能进入渗水孔 223， 同时， 第一管柱件 21中间的一圈凹陷位置 对应于输水管道上的出水口， 而使露出的土工布 23、 渗水孔 223与凹陷一并构成 出水通道， 该一圈凹陷还可便于在管壁上打孔之用； 第一管柱件 21的两头宽管柱 211外壁均与输水管道内壁相固定， 以使输水管道内流经的水必须依次经过通透的 轴心、 土工布 23、 渗水孔 223和该圈凹陷才能渗出， 即被第二管柱件的顶圈 224 与渗水孔 215 的内圈凸出所夹之处的一圈土工布 23， 就是渗水的媒介， 且是唯一 媒介。
[0049] 本实施例中， 第二管柱件 22外壁具有一环凸棱 223， 设有渗水孔的一头宽 管柱 211相配合地具有一环凹槽 214， 以将第一管柱件 21与第二管柱件 22固定在 一起。 第二管柱件 22与顶圈 224相反的另一端还有凸块 221， 以装配后扣住第一 管柱件 21的顶端， 而将凸块 221外圈也与输水管道内壁相热合， 也可起到防止水 沿着两个管柱件之间的缝隙逃入出水通道。 [0050] 通过这样的结构，土工布 23的密实度可以通过第二管柱件的顶圈 224与渗 水孔 215的内圈凸出之间的间隙来调节， 整个灌水器的渗水速度便可以得到简单、 良好的控制。 本实施例中土工布 23被压紧后的厚度为自然厚度的 1/3， 根据实验， 这样压紧后的密实度的渗水速度较佳。
[0051] 本实施例采用管柱式灌水器， 内镶于输水管道的内壁， 采用土工布作为渗 水介质， 实际应用中也可以采用"一膜一布"的复合土工布作为渗水介质， 以"膜"的 一侧抵贴于第二管柱件顶圈， 以"布"的一侧面对渗水孔。
[0052] 本实施例中所用输水管道的材料规格如下：
[0053] 输水软管 （即输水带、 滴灌带）： LDPE 软管， 壁厚 1.2mm， 撑圆后外径 16mm。
[0054] 每 3米输水软管上等距设置 10个内镶式反滤防堵灌水器。
[0055] 本实施例中所用的滤布为 400g/m2的土工布。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种内镶式反滤防堵灌水器， 内镶固定于输水管道的内壁， 其特征在于， 其 包括相互固定的第一部件和第二部件， 以及夹于第一部件与第二部件之间的滤 布； 其中， 该第一部件和 /或第二部件上具有供输水管道内流经的水进入灌水器 并接触滤布的引水通道，该第一部件还具有可暴露出滤布并使滤布与输水管道上 出水口相通的出水通道， 该出水通道周围的部分与输水管道内壁相固定， 被第一 部件与第二部件所夹之处的滤布即是引水通道通向出水通道渗水的媒介。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的内镶式反滤防堵灌水器， 其特征在于： 被第一部件与 第二部件所夹之处的滤布是引水通道通向出水通道渗水的唯一媒介，输水管道内 流经的水从引水通道经被第一部件与第二部件夹紧处的滤布渗入出水通道。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的内镶式反滤防堵灌水器， 其特征在于： 该第二部件为 盒形， 该第一部件为可卡入该盒形第二部件的长方体形， 该第一部件具有可暴露 出滤布并使露出的滤布与输水管道上出水口位置对应且相通的镂空部分，该滤布 完全覆盖过镂空部分而形成渗水部，该第二部件具有将滤布压在第一部件上的压 紧部， 该第二部件还具有供输水管道内流经的水进入灌水器并接触滤布的引水 口， 灌水器上镂空部分周围的部分与输水管道内壁相固定。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的内镶式反滤防堵灌水器， 其特征在于： 该压紧部在投 影面上完全覆盖过镂空部分， 并沿镂空部分的边缘将滤布压紧， 使输水管道内流 经的水必须经过被压紧处的滤布才能进入镂空部分。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的内镶式反滤防堵灌水器， 其特征在于： 该滤布在被压 紧部压紧处以外还延伸出吸水部， 并伸向该引水口。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的内镶式反滤防堵灌水器， 其特征在于： 该第一部件的 侧面设有凸棱或凹槽，该第二部件的对应位置设有与该凸棱或凹槽相互配合的凹 槽或凸棱。
7. 根据权利要求 2所述的内镶式反滤防堵灌水器， 其特征在于： 该第一部件是 哑铃形的第一管柱件，第二部件是可插入固定于该第一管柱件一端的圆筒形第二 管柱件，该第一管柱件中间一圈向轴心凹陷而使整体形成具有两头宽管柱和中间 窄管柱的哑铃形，其与第二管柱件同轴且轴心通透， 以形成引水通道而供水流进 入灌水器，在一头的宽管柱外壁与窄管柱外壁相连的圆环面上， 沿着平行于轴线 的方向， 设有一个或多个渗水孔， 设有渗水孔的该头宽管柱被第二管柱件插入固 定， 该头宽管柱上渗水孔的内圈凸出并与第二管柱件的顶圈相抵， 环形滤布夹于 其中， 且滤布当中为空而使两管柱件的轴心通透， 该渗水孔露出滤布且与输水管 道上出水口相通而形成出水通道，该第一管柱件的两头宽管柱外壁均与输水管道 内壁相固定。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的内镶式反滤防堵灌水器， 其特征在于： 该第一管柱件 中间的一圈凹陷位置对应于输水管道上的出水口， 构成出水通道的一部分。
9. 根据权利要求 7所述的内镶式反滤防堵灌水器， 其特征在于： 该第二管柱件 外壁具有凸棱或凹槽，设有渗水孔的一头宽管柱内壁有与该凸棱或凹槽相配合的 凹槽或凸棱。
10. 根据权利要求 1至 10任一项所述的内镶式反滤防堵灌水器， 其特征在于： 该滤布为土工布， 该土工布被夹紧后的厚度为自然厚度的 1/4-3/4。
11. 一种具有权利要求 1至 11任一项所述内镶式反滤防堵灌水器的滴灌管道， 其特征在于： 其包括管道体以及设于管道体内壁的数个该灌水器。
PCT/CN2013/075479 2012-05-17 2013-05-10 内镶式反滤防堵灌水器及滴灌管道 WO2013170728A1 (zh)

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