Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
  • B23K1/0006—Exothermic brazing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
  • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
  • B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
  • B23K35/0233—Sheets, foils
  • B23K35/0238—Sheets, foils layered
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
  • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
  • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
  • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
  • B23K35/3006—Ag as the principal constituent
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
  • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
  • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
  • B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
  • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
  • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
  • B23K35/32—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C
  • B23K35/325—Ti as the principal constituent
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
  • C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
  • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for producing a protective layer on a base material, wherein a nanofoil and a solder is arranged on the base material.
• thermo-mechanical machines that are exposed to high temperatures are used in steam power plants and in combined-cycle gas turbine power plants.
• Steam turbines have different turbine components and are generally designed with large volumes.
• the abovementioned turbine components are exposed to both erosive and corrosive as well as mechanical wear.
• This continual load on the turbine components leads to material disruptions and / or material losses.
• the corrosive or erosive effects on the turbine components are, for example, erosion corrosion, drop impact erosion, sliding wear, rolling wear, corrosion and oxidation.
• Layers provided which have a relation to the base material of the turbine component increased wear resistance and / or corrosion resistance are known.
• Various methods are known for applying protective layers to a base material. Among others, known are: thermal spraying, brazing, CVD, PVD, electroplating and build-up welding.
• thermal spraying may not be possible due to complicated turbine component geometry.
• a furnace process could be eliminated by the sometimes very large component geometries.
• Other processes can be eliminated if it is not the entire turbine component but only certain points of the turbine component that are to be coated for fatigue or cost reasons.
• the invention has set itself the task of specifying a coating method which overcomes the aforementioned problems.
• a nanofoil is applied to the base material of the turbine component.
• This nanofoil becomes a solder arranged.
• the nanofoil is locally ignited, resulting in an exothermic reaction, which leads to a melting of the solder on the base material.
• An essential feature of the invention is therefore the use of a nanofoil, which is selected such that it shows an exothermic reaction at an initial ignition. This means that the nanofoil gives off a comparatively high temperature after initial ignition, which causes the base material to melt slightly and the solder to be completely melted. After cooling or solidification of the solder and nanofoil mixture, a protective layer is formed which protects the turbine component against the aforementioned attacks such as, for example, erosion or corrosion.
• the nanofoil and the solder can be positioned in places that need to be protected from corrosion or erosion. Thus, it is not necessary to carry out the entire turbine component with the coating according to the invention. This leads to a cost saving, since it is effectively avoided to coat the entire turbine component.
• the nanofoil and the solder are arranged one above the other, wherein the nanofoil locally z. B. is ignited at the edge.
• This inflammation can be done by a laser beam or by other suitable energy transfer.
• the exothermic reaction ends as soon as the film is used up.
• the nanofoil must be selected in such a way that the locally generated heat is sufficient to exceed the liquidus of the solder material and thus to allow the connection of base material and solder.
• the mixture of solder and spent nanofoil itself can serve as a protective layer.
• Advantageous developments are specified in the subclaims.
• an additional protective layer is arranged on the solder.
• a three-layer system is applied to the base material consisting of nanofoil, solder and additional protective layer.
• the material of the additional protective layer is selected in such a way that after the initial ignition the heat occurring is sufficient to melt the solder and to establish a connection between the solder and the additional protective layer as well as between the solder and the base material.
• the additive protective layer is not mixed with the solder and the nanofoil to a new structure, but forms a protective layer on the turbine component, which protects the base material from external influences.
• the additional protective layer consists of a ceramic material.
• the ceramic systems in question are mainly carbides, but also borides or the like into consideration.
• Tic, B 4 C, TiB 2 or similar compositions can be used.
• intermetallic phases such as TiAl or hard alloys such.
• a nanofoil with the following chemical composition is used: aluminum and palladium (Al / Pd), aluminum and nickel (Al / Ni), nickel oxide and nickel and aluminum (NiO-Ni / Al) and copper oxide and copper and Aluminum (CuO-Cu / Al).
• the nanofoil comprises at least two chemical elements which are arranged one above the other in layers in the nanofoil.
• a layer of aluminum is placed on a layer of nickel, and again a layer of aluminum is placed on the nickel layer, and this is built up alternately.
• These Layers are formed in the micrometer or nanometer range.
• a solder with the following chemical composition is used: Ag 59 Cu 27, 5 lni 2 , 5 Ti; TiCui 5 Nii 5 ; TiZr 3 7 i5 Cui 5 iio or similar compositions.
• the method is extended in such a way that the nanofoil and the solder are arranged in such a way that, after the exothermic reaction, the remaining nanofoil hard materials are arranged in the shape of a tile or fish scale.
• a reaction product remains which has intermetallic phases.
• NiAl hard materials remain, which are arranged as platy hard materials in the fused solder.
• the remaining nanofoil hard materials should be arranged such that they have a roof-tile-like or fish-scale-like structure. This means that, with a view to the base material, the nanofoil hard materials are opaque. This means that an external influence on the surface of the turbine component leads to the nanofoil hard materials forming an effective barrier against the base material. Among other things, this is advantageous for a particular wear mechanism such.
• a significant advantage of the invention is that the heat generated by the nanofoil only arises locally and is not exposed to the entire turbine component of the heat. This avoids, for example, distortions of the turbine component as a result of different temperatures.
• the nanofoil can be geometrically cut to suit the areas to be coated, so that the heat input takes place only where it is needed to form the compound. As a result, only local areas are formed with a protective layer according to the invention. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the heat generation is of a very short duration. Furthermore, coatings made to fit can be accurately positioned on which the respective components are applied. It can be produced by the nanofoil compounds of similar materials, which can lead to cost savings.
• the layer according to the invention can advantageously be applied, above all, to inaccessible areas, since only one film is present a surface and finally a solder or a ceramic material must be attached.
• Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of an inventive
• Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a turbine component prior to the exothermic reaction
• Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a protective layer after the exothermic reaction
• Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a turbine component prior to the exothermic reaction.
• FIG. 1 shows a turbine component 1.
• This turbine component 1 can be, for example, a component of a steam turbine, such as a steam turbine.
• B. be an outer case, an inner case or a rotor.
• the turbine component 1 comprises a base material 2, which is usually a steel in steam turbine construction.
• This base material 2 has a base material surface 3, on which a nanofoil 4 is arranged in a first method step.
• a solder 5 is attached.
• the nanofoil 4 is formed from the following chemical elements: aluminum and palladium (Al / Pd), aluminum and nickel (Al / Ni), nickel oxide and nickel and aluminum (NiO-Ni / Al) and copper oxide and copper and aluminum (CuO).
• Al aluminum and palladium
• Al / Ni aluminum and nickel
• NiO-Ni / Al nickel oxide and nickel and aluminum
• CuO copper oxide and copper and aluminum
• the solder has the following chemical composition: Ag 59 Cu27, 5 lni 2 , 5 Ti; TiCui 5 Nii 5 ; TiZr 3 7, 5 Cui 5 iio or similar compositions.
• the nanofoil 4 is ignited at an initial point 6, which can be arranged, for example, on an edge. This ignition takes place by a brief heat input by, for example, a laser beam or by local heating. At this point, the nanofoil 4 heats up so strongly that the nanofoil 4 melts and thereby also causes the solder 5 to melt. The heat generated spreads in a direction 7 along the base material surface 3 from. After the exothermic reaction of the nanofoil 4, the solder 5 is fused with the nanofoil 4 and firmly connected to the base material 2.
• FIG. 2 shows an extension of the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 for producing a protective layer.
• a further additional protective layer 8 is arranged on the solder 5 before the ignition.
• the generation of the protective layer is similar to that in FIG. 1 due to an ignition of the nanofoil at an initial point 6 and results in the development of heat in the direction 7.
• the additional protective layer 8 may be a ceramic protective layer having the following composition.
• the ceramic systems in question are mainly carbides, but also borides or the like into consideration. Examples would be Tic, B 4 C, TiB 2 or similar compositions.
• intermetallic phases such as TiAl or hard alloys such. B. cobalt-based stellite into consideration.
• FIG. 3 shows an arrangement of the base material 2 after the exothermic reaction.
• the nanofoil 4 itself serves as a protective layer in connection with the solder 5.
• This can be up a ceramic protective layer can be dispensed with.
• the arrangement of the platy hard materials 9, which may be nickel-aluminum molecules, for example, is such that they are arranged one above the other in a viewing direction 10 that is orthogonal to the base material surface 3. This would then resemble a tile-like or fish scale-like structure. This means that in each case one end of the plate-like hard materials 9 is arranged above the other plate-like hard material 9.
• FIG. 4 shows an arrangement of the nanofoil 4 and the solder 5 on the base material 2 before the exothermic reaction.
• the difference to the arrangement according to FIG. 4 compared with the arrangement according to FIG. 1 is that now several layers of nanofoil 4 and solder 5 are used.
• FIG. 4 as an example only one layer of two nanofoils 4 is shown. But there are also several layers of nanofoils 4 possible.
• the platy hard materials 9 remain in the solder 5 and can be arranged (as shown in FIG. 3).

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
• Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=48227188

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (3)

Families Citing this family (4)

Citations (7)

Family Cites Families (29)

• 2012
  • 2012-05-07 EP EP20120166937 patent/EP2662474A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2013
  • 2013-04-10 JP JP2015510699A patent/JP5897766B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2013-04-10 US US14/398,462 patent/US9309597B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2013-04-10 WO PCT/EP2013/057418 patent/WO2013167334A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2013-04-10 PL PL13719438T patent/PL2809826T3/pl unknown
  • 2013-04-10 KR KR1020147031057A patent/KR102070769B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2013-04-10 CN CN201380024288.XA patent/CN104284999B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2013-04-10 EP EP13719438.7A patent/EP2809826B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2013-04-10 IN IN8271DEN2014 patent/IN2014DN08271A/en unknown

Patent Citations (7)

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