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  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L25/00—Compositions of, homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
  • C08L25/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
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  • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
  • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
  • B01F23/405—Methods of mixing liquids with liquids
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  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
  • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
  • B01J20/043—Carbonates or bicarbonates, e.g. limestone, dolomite, aragonite
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  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
  • B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
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  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
  • B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • B01J20/262—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation
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  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
  • B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D1/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material or by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
  • B65D1/34—Trays or like shallow containers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D1/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material or by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
  • B65D1/34—Trays or like shallow containers
  • B65D1/36—Trays or like shallow containers with moulded compartments or partitions
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
  • B65D81/24—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants
  • B65D81/26—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators
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  • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
  • C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
  • C08J3/22—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques
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  • C08J3/22—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques
  • C08J3/226—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring using masterbatch techniques using a polymer as a carrier
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  • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
  • C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
  • C08J9/0023—Use of organic additives containing oxygen
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  • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
  • C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
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  • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
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  • C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
  • C08K5/103—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids with polyalcohols
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  • C08L25/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
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  • C08L29/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical; Compositions of hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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  • C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L51/04—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to rubbers
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  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L59/00—Compositions of polyacetals; Compositions of derivatives of polyacetals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
  • B01F2101/2805—Mixing plastics, polymer material ingredients, monomers or oligomers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C08J2325/06—Polystyrene
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  • C08J2425/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
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  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Y10T428/1397—Single layer [continuous layer]

Definitions

• the invention relates to a composition in the joint extrusion with polystyrene in order to increase the hydrophilic properties of a processed solid non-foamed or foamed polystyrene material.
• Solid non-foamed or foamed polystyrene is widely used as suitable material for making trays for packaging food, such as meat, fish, vegetables or fruits. These foods being packed in trays usually release water, juice or blood which fills the inside of the packaged tray. From hygienically and visual standpoint it is highly desirable to rapidly absorb these liquids, preferably by a tray material having suitable adsorptive properties.
• masterbatches are compositions comprising a polymer and the additive, in which the additive is present in higher concentrations than in the final application and the carrier polymer may or may not be the polymer of the final application.
• concentrations of the additives in a masterbatch range of from 0.1 to 90 % by weight, in particular of from 1 to 80 % by weight, especially of from 10 to 75 % by weight, based on the total weight of the
• Compounds are compositions comprising a polymer and the additive, in which the additive is present in the desired final concentration of the final application or final article and the polymer is the desired polymer of the final application or final article, so that the Compound is merely brought to the desired shape of the final application or final article by means of a physical shaping process.
• compositions should have a high loading, i.e. a high
• a measurable variable for the absorptive properties of a polystyrene surface for aqueous liquids is the surface angle (static contact angle) of the polystyrene surface to water. The lower the surface angle, the higher is the absorptive property.
• EP 2 289 994 A2 discloses an absorbent masterbatch chip composition for a polystyrene foam tray, wherein the masterbatch chips comprise an organic anionic sulphonate, calcium carbonate and talc.
• compositions do not satisfy all present-day requirements of industry, especially their absorptive properties are not sufficient.
• composition Z comprising a polystyrene and a particular mixture of hydrophilic additives surprisingly displays improved properties as to the before described demands.
• composition Z comprising a component B, a component C, a component D, a component E and a component P, wherein the component B is a polyethylene glycol,
• the component C is a polyglycerol ester
• the component D is an earth alkali carbonate
• the component E is a phyllosilicate
• the component P is a polystyrene and/or an alloy thereof.
• composition Z is suitable to enhance the hydrophilicity of polystyrene which means to provide for a polystyrene material which is modified by the particular additives as per the invention in order to obtain a lower static contact angle between the polymer surface and water, and also providing for a higher water absorbing capacity of the additivated polystyrene material compared to the genuine polystyrene material.
• Another subject of the invention is the use of a composition Z, as described before, for manufacturing an absorbent article of solid non-foamed or foamed polystyrene, wherein the absorbed material is preferably an aqueous liquid.
• composition Z is preferably a masterbatch MB or a Compound as defined before.
• the absorbent article is preferably a film, a sheet or a container, e.g. a food tray, which is preferably in contact with water-containing food, e.g. meat, fish, vegetables or fruits.
• the absorbed material is preferably water, blood or juice.
• a further subject of the invention is a solid foamed or non-foamed polystyrene article comprising component B, component C, component D, component E and component P as defined above.
• said article is in contact with water-containing food, e.g. meat, fish, vegetables or fruits, and which article is preferably a film, a sheet or a container, e.g. a food tray.
• a hydrophilic solid non-foamed or foamed polystyrene is characterized by a static contact angle of from 5 to 81°, more preferably 30 to 80°, in particular 40 to 79°.
• a further subject of the invention is a process for enhancing the hydrophilicity of solid non-foamed or foamed polystyrene by extruding, kneading, pressing or injection-molding a mixture of components B, C, D, E and P, as defined before.
• component B comprises 1 , 2, 3, or 4, more preferably 1 or 2, even more preferably , polyethylene glycols.
• Preferred polyethylene glycols are polyethylene glycols with a molar mass distribution M n of from 100 g/mol to 8,000,000 g/mol, preferably of from 150 g/mol to 1 ,000,000 g/mol, more preferably of from 160 g/mol to 100,000 g/mol, especially of from 180 g/mol to 35,000 g/mol, more especially of from 200 g/mol to
• Preferred polyethylene glycols are polyethylene glycols with a pH value of from 5 to 7.
• Preferred polyethylene glycols are polyethylene glycols with a viscosity at 20 °C (50 % in aqueous solution) of from 50 to 14,000 mPa * s, polyethylene glycols with a viscosity at 20 °C (1 % in aqueous solution) of from 4000 to 15,000 mPa * s, polyethylene glycols with a viscosity at 20 °C (2 % in aqueous solution) of from 400 to 800 mPa * s and polyethylene glycols with a viscosity at 20 °C (5 % in aqueous solution) of from 30 to 50 mPa * s.
• Preferred polyethylene glycols are polyethylene glycols with a hydroxyl value of from 1 to 800 mg KOH/g, more preferably of from 3 to 700 mg KOH/g, even more preferably of from 4 to 650 mg KOH/g, especially of from 5 to 620 mg KOH/g, especially of from 25 to 610 mg KOH/g, or especially of from 530 to
• Preferred polyethylene glycols are linear polyethylene glycols with two free hydroxyl end groups.
• Component C Polyglycerolesters
• Polyglycerols consist of glycerol units linked by an ether linkage. Preferred are diglycerols, triglycerols and tetraglycerols. Examples are alpha, alpha-diglycerol, alpha, beta-diglycerol, beta.beta-diglycerol
• Preferred for the purpose of the present invention are mono fatty acid esters of said polyglycerols. Expediently a mixture of di-, tri- and tetraglycerols esterified with one fatty acid is used. Minor amounts of penta- to octaglycerol esters may be present. Most preferred are polyglycerol-3-mono fatty acid esters. Polyglycerol-3 typically contains a minimum 80 % di-, tri-, and tetraglycerol.
• Preferred polyglyerolesters of fatty acids have a fatty acid with a chain length of from C 4 to C 2 4, more preferably of from C 6 to C 2 o, in particular of from C 12 to Ci 8 , especially of from Ci 6 to Cis- Said fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated. Preferred are saturated and mono-unsatu rated fatty acids having a chain length as specified above.
• Preferred polyglycerolesters of fatty acids are triglycerolesters of fatty acids.
• commercially available polyglyerolesters of fatty acids can be used for the purpose of the present invention.
• Those commercially available products are often mixtures containing more than one polyglyerolester of fatty acid, free fatty acids, and mono-, di-, tri- and tetraglycerolesters of fatty acids.
• the triglycerolester content of component C is preferably of from 30 to 100 % by weight, more preferably of from 50 to 99 % by weight, in particular of from 70 to
• polyglycerol-3-monostearate polyglycerol-3-monooleate
• polyglycerol-3- monopalmitate polyglycerol-3- monolaurate
• Typical examples are polyglycerol monolaurate
• n 2 or 3; and polyglycerol monooleate
• n 2 or 3; and polyglycerol monostearate
• the acid number of component C is of below 5 mg KOH/g, more preferably of below 3 mg KOH/g, even more preferably of below 2 mg KOH/g.
• the iodine value of component B is of below 5 g l 2 /100g, more preferably the below 3 g l 2 / 00g, even more preferably below 2 g l 2 /100g.
• the saponification number of component C is from 125 to
• component D comprises 1 , 2, 3 or 4, more preferably 1 or 2, even more preferably 1 , earth alkali carbonate.
• Preferred carbonates are calcium carbonates (CaCO3, Calcit, or Aragonite), magnesium carbonates (MgCO 3, Magnesit) or calcium magnesium carbonates (CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 , Dolomit).
• Preferred carbonates are natural calcium carbonates, or synthetic precipitated calcium carbonate.
• the earth alkali carbonate is expediently used in powderous form, preferably in micronized form having a mean particle size of between 1 and 10 ⁇ .
• component E comprises 1 , 2, 3 or 4 phyllosilicates, more preferably 1 or 2, even more preferably 1 , phyllosilicates.
• Phyllosilicates are defined as sheet silicates forming parallel sheets of silicate tetrahedra with a Si : 0 ratio of 2:5 (Nickel-Strunz classification).
• talc can be used for the purpose of the present invention.
• Those commercially available products are often containing contaminations in small amounts, e.g. Fe, Mn, Ti, Ni, Sr, Pb Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Na, K, CI Ions, MgCO 3 , AI 2 O 3, Fe 2 O 3 , FeO, MgO, SiO 2 .
• the phyllosilicates are expediently used in powderous form, preferably in micronized form having a mean particle size of between 1 and 10 ⁇ .
• component P comprises 1 , 2, 3, or 4, more preferably 1 or 2, even more preferably 1 , polystyrenes.
• Polystyrene can be a styrene homopolymer, an alkylstyrene homopolymer, preferably a Ci-C 4 -alkylstyrene homopolymer, for example a-methylstyrene homopolymer; a styrene copolymer, especially a high impact polystyrene (HIPS).
• HIPS high impact polystyrene
• High impact polystyrenes are generally prepared by polymerization by grafting mixtures of styrene and optionally of one or more copolymerizable vinyl monomers, preferably mixtures of styrene, methylstyrene, ethylstyrene, butylstyrene, halostyrenes, vinylalkylbenzenes, such as vinyltoluene, vinylxylene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, lower alkyl esters of methacrylic acid, in the presence of a rubbery polymer trunk comprising copolymers chosen from polybutadiene, polyisoprene, rubbery styrene-diene copolymers, acrylic rubber, nitrile rubber and olefinic rubbers, such as propylene diene monomer rubber (PDM) and propylene rubber (PR).
• PDM propylene diene monomer rubber
• PR propylene rubber
• SBS copolymers and synthetic butyl rubbers
• the preferred density of component P is of from 1.0 to 1.1 g/cm 3 , more preferably of from 1.02 to 1.06 g/cm 3 , even more preferably of from 1.03 to 1.05 g/cm 3 .
• Preferred polystyrenes are polystyrenes with a MFR at 200 °C/5 kg according to ISO 1133 of from 0.1 to 300 g/10 min, more preferably of from 1 to 200 g/10 min, even more preferably of from 5 to 100 g/10 min, especially of from 10 to
• the composition Z expediently comprises of from 0.06 to 90 % by weight of the sum of the components B,C,D and E, preferably Z comprises of from 0.5 to 80 % by weight of the sum of the components B,C,D and E, more preferably Z comprises of from 1.0 to 70 % by weight of the sum of the components B,C,D and E, even more preferably Z comprises of from 1.25 to 50 % by weight of the sum of the components B, C, D and E, especially Z comprises of from 1.5 to 25 % by weight of the sum of the components B, C, D and E, with the % by weight being based on the total weight of the composition Z.
• the composition Z preferably comprises the component B and component C with a weight ratio of component B and component C of from 0.1 to 10.0, preferably of from 0.2 to 5.0, more preferably of from 0.3 to 1.0, even more preferably of from 0.4 to 0.8. , especially of from 0.5 to 0.6.
• composition Z is a masterbatch MB
• Z expediently comprises
• composition Z is a masterbatch MB
• Z expediently comprises
• component C 3 to 40 % by weight of component C;
• component E 0.75 to 10 % by weight of component E;
• composition Z as a Masterbatch MB comprises
• component C 6 to 30 % by weight of component C;
• component E 1.5 to 7.5 % by weight of component E;
• composition Z is a Compound, Z expediently comprises 0.0167 to 1.47 % by weight of component B,
• component E 0.00835 to 0.735 % by weight of component E;
• composition Z as a Compound comprises
• component C 0.14 to 2 % by weight of component C;
• component E 0.035 to 0.5 % by weight of component E;
• composition Z as a Compound comprises 0.25 to 0.75 % by weight of component B,
• component C 0.5 to 1.5 % by weight of component C;
• component E 0.125 to 0.375 % by weight of component E;
• composition Z as a Compound comprises
• component C 0.6 to 1.4 % by weight of component C;
• component E 0. 5 to 0.35 % by weight of component E;
• composition Z as a Compound comprises
• component C 0.8 to 1 % by weight of component C;
• component D 0.4 to 0.5 % by weight of component D, 0.2 to 0.25 % by weight of component E;
• component P 97.75 to 98.2 % by weight of component P; the % by weight being in each case based on the total weight of the
• composition Z composition Z.
• composition Z can contain further substances, preferably
• organic pigments preference is given to using azo or diazo pigments, coated azo or diazo pigments or polycyclic pigments; preferred polycyclic pigments are diketopyrrolopyrrole, phthalocyanine, quinacridone, perylene, dioxazine, anthraquinone, thioindigo, diaryl or quinophthalone pigments; as inorganic pigments, preference is given to using metal oxides, mixed oxides, aluminium sulphates, chromates, metal powders, pearl-effect pigments (mica), luminous pigments, titanium oxides, cadmium-lead pigments, iron oxides, carbon black, silicates (other than component E), nickel titanates, cobalt pigments or chromium oxides suitable for
• dispersing aids preferred dispersants are polar acid esters of Ci 0 -C 30 alcohols;
• fillers such as silica, zeolites, silicates, e.g. aluminium silicates, sodium silicate, calcium silicates
• auxiliaries preferably metal soaps, foaming agents, nucleating agents (other than component D and E), peroxides;
• UV absorbers and hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) compounds slip agents, antifogging agents, anticondensation agents and/or suspension stabilizers, flame retardants; antioxidants or other customary plastics additives; ionic liquids;
• Said further substances are meant to be different from any of the components B, C, D, E and P.
• These further substances are expediently present from 0 to 60 %, preferably 0.01 to 40 %, more preferably 0.1 to 30 %, even more preferably 1 to 20 %, especially 2 to 10 % by weight, based on the total weight of the composition Z.
• a preferred further substance is a chemical foaming agent.
• composition Z can be produced by physically mixing the components B, C, D,
• the mixing of the components can occur in one step or in a plurality of steps.
• mixing apparatuses for physical mixing it is possible to use the mixing apparatuses customary in the plastics industry, preferably an apparatus selected from the group consisting of extruders, kneaders, presses, injection-moulding machines and blade mixers.
• the mixing apparatuses are preferably extruders, kneaders and/or blade mixers.
• the mixing apparatuses are preferably extruders, presses and injection-moulding machines, particularly preferably extruders.
• Mixing preferably occurs continuously or batchwise, particularly preferably continuously, in the case of a masterbatch MB preferably by extrusion or kneading, particularly preferably by extrusion, and in the case of a compound preferably by extrusion or injection moulding or pressing, particularly preferably by extrusion.
• Mixing is preferably carried out at a temperature of from 80 to 260 °C, more preferably of from 120 to 250 °C, even more preferably of from 150 to 230 °C, especially of from 180 to 220 °C.
• the mixing time is preferably of from 5 sec to 10 h.
• the mixing time in the case of continuous mixing is preferably of from 5 sec to 1 h, more preferably of from 10 sec to 15 min.
• the mixing time in the case of batchwise mixing is preferably of from 1 min to 10 h, more preferably of from 2 min to 8 h, in particular of from 2 min to 5 h, especially of from 2 min to 1 h, particularly preferably of from 2 to 15 min.
• the components B, C, D, E and P are preferably mixed in the form of a masterbatch MB with polystyrene P.
• a premix of the masterbatch MB with pelletized polystyrene is preferably used for physical mixing.
• compositions Z both in the form of a masterbatch MB or in the form of a compound, are surprisingly characterized by a low static contact angle.
• foaming agents can be either a physical foaming agent, e.g. a gas like CO 2 , N 2 , isopentane, hydrofluorocarbons, or a chemical foaming agent which decomposes in the melted polymer during processing liberating a gas, e.g. CO 2 or N 2 .
• a physical foaming agent e.g. a gas like CO 2 , N 2 , isopentane, hydrofluorocarbons
• a chemical foaming agent which decomposes in the melted polymer during processing liberating a gas, e.g. CO 2 or N 2 .
• the gas has to be thoroughly dispersed and dissolved in the polymer melt under pressure in the extruder barrel. When the melt exits the extruder through the die, the pressure drops and the gas expands the melt creating a cellular structure in the polymer.
• Foam extruded polystyrene articles produced in the so called direct gassed extrusion can achieve foam densities of
• Determination of the static contact angle is carried out by carefully putting a drop of distilled water with a defined volume on the surface of the polystyrene sheet.
• the angle formed between the solid/liquid interface and the liquid/vapor interface is referred to as the static contact angle Theta.
• a photo is taken and the static contact angle is determined with an image processing software by looking at the profile of the drop and measuring two-dimensionally the angle formed between the solid and the drop profile with the vertex at the th phase line as shown in the graphic (Fig. 1 ).
• Component B Polyethylene glycol, with a hydroxyl value of from 28 to
• Component C Polyglycerol(3)monostearate, with an acid number of from 0 to
• Component D micronized calcium carbonate, with a statistic mean diameter of
• Component E talc, mg-silicate, CAS 14807-96-6 with a statistic mean
• Component P1 general purpose polystyrene homopolymer having an MFR at
• Component P2 high impact, rubber modified polystyrene having an MFR at
• Component A (Comparison): sodium Ci 2 -C 18 -alkyl sulphonate.
• component C 15 parts of component C, 15 parts of component D, 7.5 parts of component E and 62.5 parts of component P1 are homogenized together on a twin-screw extruder (temperature of the extruder: 220 to 230 °C).
• a masterbatch MB2 is obtained.
• component B 15 parts of component B, 15 parts of component D, 7.5 parts of component E and 62.5 parts of component P1 are homogenized together on a twin-screw extruder (temperature of the extruder: 220 to 230 °C).
• a masterbatch MB4 is obtained.
• component B 5 parts of component B, 10 parts of component C, 15 parts of component D, 7.5 parts of component E and 62.5 part of component P1 are homogenized together on a twin-screw extruder (temperature of the extruder: 220 to 230 °C).
• a masterbatch MB5 is obtained.
• component B 5 parts of component B, 10 parts of component C, 15 parts of component D, 7.5 parts of component E, 32.5 parts of component P1 and 30 parts of component P2 are homogenized together on a twin-screw extruder (temperature of the extruder: 220 to 230 °C).
• a masterbatch MB7 is obtained.
• Example 25 10 parts of a masterbatch MB4 produced as described in Example 4 were homogenized and mixed with 90 parts of component P1 on a flat film extruder (Collin). With a rotational speed of 100 rpm and a temperature of 220 - 230 °C a flat film FF24 with a thickness of 100 pm was obtained.
• Example 25
• Example 9 were homogenized and mixed with 52.86 parts of component P1 and 40 parts of component P2 on a flat film extruder (Collin). With a rotational speed of 100 rpm and a temperature of 220 - 230 °C a flat film FF29 with a thickness of 100 pm was obtained.

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