WO2013163809A1 - Rfid系统、rfid系统中的阅读器、rfid系统中天线的寻址方法及rfid系统中的级联天线 - Google Patents

Rfid系统、rfid系统中的阅读器、rfid系统中天线的寻址方法及rfid系统中的级联天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013163809A1
WO2013163809A1 PCT/CN2012/075066 CN2012075066W WO2013163809A1 WO 2013163809 A1 WO2013163809 A1 WO 2013163809A1 CN 2012075066 W CN2012075066 W CN 2012075066W WO 2013163809 A1 WO2013163809 A1 WO 2013163809A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
reader
antennas
rfid system
port
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PCT/CN2012/075066
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
袁勇
喻丹
Original Assignee
西门子公司
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 西门子公司 filed Critical 西门子公司
Priority to EP12875894.3A priority Critical patent/EP2846477A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2012/075066 priority patent/WO2013163809A1/zh
Priority to CN201280072389.XA priority patent/CN104247299A/zh
Publication of WO2013163809A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013163809A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
    • H04B5/77—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for interrogation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10316—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers
    • G06K7/10356—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers using a plurality of antennas, e.g. configurations including means to resolve interference between the plurality of antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H01Q1/2216—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in interrogator/reader equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems

Definitions

  • RFID system reader in RFID system, addressing method of antenna in RFID system and cascade antenna in RFID system
  • the present invention relates to the field of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, and more particularly to an RFID system, a reader in an RFID system, an antenna addressing method in an RFID system, and a cascade antenna in an RFID system.
  • RFID radio frequency identification
  • Radio Frequency Identification technology is an automatic identification technology based on the principle of radio frequency identification. It automatically recognizes the target object and acquires relevant data through radio frequency signals. The identification work does not require manual intervention. RFID technology recognizes high-speed moving objects and recognizes multiple labels at the same time, making operation quick and easy.
  • An RFID system is a wireless system that typically includes an electronic tag (Tag), a reader (Reader), and an antenna (Antenna).
  • the electronic tag can be attached to an object that is controlled, detected, or tracked.
  • Each tag has a unique Electronic coding to uniquely identify objects that are controlled, detected, or tracked; readers can read/write information stored in electronic tags through an antenna, either handheld or fixed, to control the objects attached to each tag , detection or tracking; the antenna is electrically connected to the reader for transmitting RF signals between the various electronic tags and the reader.
  • RFID technology is a breakthrough technology that has been gradually applied to logistics and supply management, manufacturing and assembly, air baggage handling, mail, express parcel processing, document tracking, library management, animal identification, sports timing, access control. Control, electronic tickets, automatic road tolls and other fields.
  • retail enterprises the closest to the actual business of the enterprise and the most widely accepted by the enterprise is the RFID-based Smart Shelf deployment solution.
  • each antenna is placed on each layer of the shelf, and each antenna is electrically connected to the reader through an RF output port.
  • the reader reads/writes the information stored in the electronic tag attached to the goods through the antenna of the layer, thereby performing application work such as logistics tracking and passenger flow analysis.
  • the technical solution introduces two RF devices, an RF switch (Switch) and an RF router (Router), wherein each of the N (N is a positive integer) smart shelves is connected to an RF switch.
  • the switch is connected to the reading through the RF router.
  • the reader switches the reader to the antennas deployed on each shelf through RF switches and RF routers.
  • the RFID reading system includes an RFID reader and a plurality of RFID antenna modules.
  • the RFID antenna modules can be deployed to each layer of the smart shelf.
  • the RFID reader includes an RF signal generator, an RF output port, and a selection signal generator, wherein the RF signal generator is used to generate an RF signal and provide it to the RF output port.
  • the RF ingress port of the first RFID antenna module is electrically connected to the RF out port of the RF reader through the RF signal communication link
  • the RF in port of the second RFID antenna module is electrically connected via the RF signal communication link. Sexually connected to the RF out port of the first RFID antenna module, and so on.
  • one RF output port of the reader can electrically connect multiple RFID antenna modules.
  • the system uses the reader's selection signal generator to generate a Select Signal and transmits it to one or more RFID antenna modules via a specific line (shown in phantom in Figure 2).
  • a specific line shown in phantom in Figure 2.
  • SS selection signal
  • a special switching device needs to be integrated in the RFID antenna module, or a switching device is separately used for parsing the selection (SS) signal. Therefore, it will inevitably lead to an increase in costs.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide an RFID system, a reader in an RFID system, an antenna addressing method in an RFID system, and a cascade antenna in an RFID system, which can increase the number of readers without increasing the number of readers. By expanding the number of antennas, the antenna can be accurately addressed without complicated networking and special control signals, thus saving total cost.
  • An RFID system includes a reader and a plurality of antennas, wherein the plurality of antennas are sequentially cascaded by cables, and an RF in port of the first antenna is electrically connected to an antenna port of the reader, and the reader is used for measurement The distance of the electronic tag being read/written to the antenna port, and determining the antenna for reading/writing the electronic tag based on the distance.
  • the length of the cable is measured by the reader to measure the phase, and the RF signal is transmitted on the cable and the antenna.
  • the phase shift speed is determined.
  • the number of antennas to which the reader is connected is determined based on the output power of the antenna port of the reader, the output power of the antenna, and the insertion loss (IL) of the antenna and the cable used to cascade the antenna.
  • the plurality of antennas are coplanar strip line (CPS) structure antennas, and a balun connector is connected to each end of the antenna, and cables between two adjacent antennas are connected by the balun connector. antenna.
  • CPS coplanar strip line
  • a reader in an RFID system applied to an RFID system including a plurality of antennas cascaded by a cable, the reader comprising an antenna port for electrically connecting to an RF in port of the first antenna,
  • the reader further includes a measurement module for measuring a distance of the read/write electronic tag to the antenna port and determining an antenna for reading/writing the electronic tag based on the distance.
  • An antenna addressing method in an RFID system is applied to an RFID system including a reader and a plurality of antennas sequentially cascaded by cables, wherein the antenna port of the reader and the RF in port of the first antenna are electrically Connection, the method includes:
  • the reader measures a distance of the read/write electronic tag to the antenna port
  • the reader determines to read/write the antenna of the electronic tag based on the distance.
  • Determining, by the reader, the antenna for reading/writing the electronic tag based on the distance comprises: the reader determining to read/write the antenna of the electronic tag based on the measured distance, and the length of the antenna and the length of the cable.
  • a cascaded antenna in an RFID system comprising a plurality of antennas cascaded by cables, applied to an RFID system including a reader, and an RF in port of the first antenna is electrically connected to an antenna port of the reader,
  • the plurality of antennas are coplanar strip line (CPS) structure antennas, and a balun connector is connected to each end of the antenna, and cables between two adjacent antennas are connected by the balun connector. antenna.
  • CPS coplanar strip line
  • the technical solution proposed by the embodiment of the present invention can expand the number of antennas without increasing the number of readers, and does not require complicated networking, and can be determined without special control signals. Which antenna reads/writes the electronic tag to accurately address the antenna. Further, since no complicated networking and special control signals are required, the total cost can be greatly saved.
  • Figure 1 shows the RF networking technology proposed by VUE Technology
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an RFID reading system of the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an RFID system of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a cascaded antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an RFID system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing an addressing method of an antenna in an RFID system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a view showing the effect of distance measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an RFID system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the RFID system includes a reader and a plurality of antennas.
  • the plurality of antennas are sequentially cascaded by cables, and the RF ingress port of the first antenna is electrically connected to the antenna port of the reader; the reader is configured to measure the distance of the read/write electronic tag to the antenna port, And determining an antenna for reading/writing the electronic tag based on the distance.
  • the reader in addition to the antenna port, further includes a measurement module for measuring the distance of the read/written tag to the antenna port and determining the antenna to read/write the tag based on the distance.
  • the reader may further include a storage module for storing information such as an antenna length and a cable length of the connected antenna, so that the measurement module measures the read/write electronic tag to the antenna port.
  • the antenna for reading/writing the electronic tag can be determined according to the length of the antenna and the length of the cable connecting the antennas.
  • the plurality of antennas are coplanar strip line (CPS) structure antennas, and each end of the antenna is connected with a balun connector, and the cables between the adjacent two antennas are connected by a balun. Connect the two antennas.
  • CPS coplanar strip line
  • the method of the prior art can be used to measure the distance of the electronic tag to the antenna port.
  • the following steps are generally used to measure the distance from the tag to the antenna port, including:
  • Step A The reader generates a first transmit signal on the first frequency f1, a second transmit signal on the second frequency f2, and sends the combined transmit signal to the electronic tag;
  • Step B The reader obtains the first received signal at the first frequency f1 at the first time, and obtains the second received signal at the second frequency f2 at the second time;
  • Step D Determine the distance of the corresponding electronic tag to the antenna port of the reader according to the received signal vector V.
  • the cables between the antennas should be sufficiently long to enable the reader to distinguish each antenna.
  • the cable length between the antennas is determined by the error introduced by the phase measurement of the reader and the phase shift speed of the RF signal as it travels over the cable and antenna. Specifically, the cable length (Le ? ca 5 ) is determined by the following formula:
  • Vpc(fi) is the phase shift velocity of the RF signal with the frequency fi transmitted on the cable
  • Vpa(fi) is the RF signal with the frequency fi
  • the phase shift velocity when transmitting on the antenna, i 1 or 2
  • ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is the error introduced by the reader's measurement phase.
  • one antenna port of the reader can be connected to multiple antennas, thereby saving total cost.
  • the number of antennas connected to one antenna port of a reader is lower, the cost required for a specific application is lower, but the number of antennas that can be connected is limited.
  • the number of antennas that can be connected to one antenna port is determined according to the output power of the antenna port of the reader, the output power of the antenna, and the insertion loss (IL) of the antenna and the cable used to cascade the antenna. .
  • the method for determining the number of antennas that can be connected to one antenna port of the reader includes the following steps: Insertion loss of the antenna, the insertion loss of the 2* Balun connector + 2* insertion loss of the coaxial-to-CPW transmission + insertion loss of the internal CPS antenna Assume that the insertion loss of the Balun connector is 0.5 dB, the insertion loss of the coaxial coplanar waveguide transmission is 0.1 dB, and the insertion loss of the internal coplanar strip line is 0.5 dB, and the insertion loss of the antenna is 1.7 dB; (output power of the antenna port of the reader - n * insertion loss of the antenna) > output power of the antenna, calculate the number of antennas n, where n is a positive integer, assuming that the output power of the antenna port of the reader is 30 dBm, the output of
  • the cable for cascading the plurality of antennas may be a coaxial cable, a capacitor or an inductor. If a differential structure antenna is used in the RFID system, a Balun connector needs to be connected at both ends of each antenna.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a cascaded antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, the cascading antenna includes a plurality of antennas cascaded by cables, which can be applied to an RFID system including a reader, and the RF input port of the first antenna is electrically connected to the antenna port of the reader. . In FIG.
  • the plurality of antennas are coplanar strip line (CPS) structure antennas, and each end of the antenna is connected with a balun connector, and cables between two adjacent antennas are connected by a balun connector. These two antennas.
  • FIG. 4 shows only the cascade structure of two antennas. As an example, those skilled in the art can understand that according to the cascade structure, more antennas can be cascaded. Since the antenna in the embodiment is a coplanar stripline structure antenna, the phase on the antenna is evenly distributed. Therefore, the cascade antenna structure can be used in the RFID system to determine which antenna reads/writes electrons by ranging. label.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an RFID system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the RFID system proposed by the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a smart shelf.
  • multiple antennas are sequentially cascaded by cables, and each layer of the shelf deploys an antenna, and the cascaded antenna is electrically connected to the reader. If the antenna on one of the shelves reads/writes the tag attached to the layer of goods, the reader measures the distance of the tag from the reader antenna port and determines which antenna to read based on the length of the antenna and the length of the cable. Wrote the tag.
  • the distance measured by the reader should be the length of the antenna on the third and fourth layers and the length of the cable between the third and fourth layers. And, since the antenna length and cable length are known, the reader can determine that the antenna on the third layer has read/written the tag.
  • Fig. 6 is a flow chart showing an addressing method of an antenna in an RFID system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method is applied to an RFID system comprising a reader and a plurality of antennas cascaded by cable, wherein the antenna port of the reader is electrically coupled to the RF in port of the first antenna.
  • the method includes the following steps:
  • Step 61 The reader measures the distance from the read/write electronic tag to the antenna port.
  • Step 62 The reader determines the antenna for reading/writing the electronic tag based on the measured distance.
  • the antenna for reading/writing the electronic tag is determined according to the length of the antenna and the cable length of the connected antenna.
  • the plurality of antennas are coplanar strip line (CPS) structure antennas, and a Balun connector is connected to each end of the antenna, and a cable between two adjacent antennas is connected by a balun. Connect the two antennas.
  • CPS coplanar strip line
  • Fig. 7 is a view showing the effect of distance measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • line a represents the actual distance of the read/write electronic tag to the antenna port of the reader
  • curve b represents the read/write electronic tag measured by the technical solution proposed by the embodiment of the present invention to read.
  • the distance from the antenna port of the device As can be seen from Fig. 7, although there is a certain error between the actual distance and the measured distance, it is apparent that the embodiment of the present invention can distinguish different antennas to determine which antenna reads/writes the electronic tag.
  • the technical solution proposed by the embodiment of the present invention can expand the number of antennas without increasing the number of readers, and does not require complicated networking, and can be determined without special control signals. Which antenna reads/writes the electronic tag to accurately address the antenna. Further, the total cost can be greatly saved since no complicated networking and special control signals are required.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种RFID系统、RFID系统中的阅读器、RFID系统中天线的寻址方法及RFID系统中的级联天线。该RFID系统包括阅读器和多个天线，所述多个天线通过线缆顺序级联，且第一个天线的RF入端口与阅读器的天线端口电性连接，所述阅读器用于测量被读/写的电子标签到所述天线端口的距离，并根据所述距离确定读/写该电子标签的天线。应用本发明实施例提出的技术方案，既能在不增加阅读器数量的情况下扩展天线数量，也不需要复杂的组网，而且无需特殊的控制信号就能确定哪根天线读/写了电子标签，从而对天线准确寻址。进一步地，由于无需复杂的组网和特殊的控制信号，可以极大地节省总成本。

Description

RFID系统、 RFID系统中的阅读器、 RFID系统中天线的寻址方法及 RFID系统中的级联天线 技术领域
本发明涉及射频识别 （RFID, Radio Frequency Identification) 技术领域， 特别涉及一 种 RFID系统、 RFID系统中的阅读器、 RFID系统中天线的寻址方法及 RFID系统中的级联 天线。
背景技术
射频识别 （RFID, Radio Frequency Identification) 技术是一种基于射频识别原理实现 的自动识别技术， 其通过射频信号自动识别目标对象并获取相关数据， 识别工作无须人工干 预。 RFID技术可识别高速运动物体并可同时识别多个标签， 操作快捷方便。
RFID 系统是一种无线系统， 通常包括电子标签 （Tag )、 阅读器 （Reader) 和天线 (Antenna)0 其中， 电子标签可以附着在被控制、 检测或跟踪的物体上， 每个标签具有唯一 的电子编码， 用以唯一地标识被控制、 检测或跟踪的物体； 阅读器通过天线读 /写电子标签中 存储的信息， 可为手持式或固定式， 以实现对各个标签所附着的物体的控制、 检测或跟踪； 天线与阅读器电性连接， 用于在各个电子标签和阅读器之间传递射频信号。
RFID技术是一种突破性的技术， 目前已逐渐应用于物流和供应管理、 生产制造和装配、 航空行李处理、 邮件、 快运包裹处理、 文档追踪、 图书馆管理、 动物身份标识、 运动计时、 门禁控制、 电子门票、 道路自动收费等领域。 在零售企业中， 最接近企业实际业务同时也最 广泛地为企业所接受的， 便是基于 RFID的智能货架 （Smart Shelf) 部署方案。
在现有的基于 RFID 的智能货架中， 货架的每一层都放置一个天线， 每个天线都要通过 一个射频出端口与阅读器电性连接， 当货品放置于智能货架的某一层时， 阅读器通过该层的 天线读 /写附着在货品上的电子标签中存储的信息， 从而进行物流跟踪、 客流分析等应用层面 的工作。
然而， 目前常用的阅读器一般只有有限个射频出端口， 例如， 1个、 2个、 4个或 8个， 因为每个射频出端口只能连接一个天线， 所以每个阅读器所能连接的天线的数量是有限的， 并且不能扩展， 要想扩展天线的数量就必须增加阅读器的数量， 而这必然带来成本的增加。
目前， 现有技术中提出了两种技术方案， 可以无需增加阅读器的数量就能扩展天线的数 一种技术方案是图 1示出的 VUE科技公司提出的 RF组网技术方案。如图 1所示， 该技 术方案引入了 RF交换机 （Switch) 和 RF路由器 （Router) 两种 RF设备， 其中， N ( N为 正整数） 个智能货架的每一个都连接一台 RF交换机， 这些交换机通过 RF路由器连接到阅 读器， 通过 RF交换机和 RF路由器来将阅读器切换到各个货架上部署的天线。 但是， 此种 集中式的智能货架部署方案的组网难度很高、 线路设施复杂且成本很高。
另一种技术方案是图 2示出的现有技术的一种 RFID阅读系统的示意图。 如图 2所示， RFID阅读系统包括 RFID阅读器和多个 RFID天线模块。 其中 RFID天线模块可以分别部署 到智能货架的每一层。 RFID阅读器包括 RF信号生成器、 RF出端口和选择信号生成器， 其 中， RF信号生成器用于生成 RF信号， 并提供给 RF出端口。 在该系统中， 第一个 RFID天 线模块的 RF入端口通过 RF信号通信链路电性连接到 RF阅读器的 RF出端口，第二个 RFID 天线模块的 RF入端口通过 RF信号通信链路电性连接到第一个 RFID天线模块的 RF出端口， 依此类推。 这样， 阅读器的一个 RF出端口就能电性连接多个 RFID天线模块。 该系统利用 阅读器的选择信号生成器生成选择信号 （Select Signal ), 并通过特定的线路（图 2中虚线所 示） 传输到一个或多个 RFID天线模块。 但这种系统需要利用特殊的选择信号 （SS) 来切换 到不同的天线， 并且需要在 RFID天线模块中集成一特殊的交换设备， 或者单独采用一交换 设备， 用于解析该选择 （SS) 信号， 因此必然导致成本的增加。
对于智能货架的用户来说， 既能在不增加阅读器数量的情况下扩展天线数量， 又能控制 每个阅读点（一个阅读点对应多个货架的同一层）的成本是用户主要关心的问题。 一般来说， 用户希望将每个阅读点的成本控制在一定范围内。 为了实现这个目的， 就需要将尽可能多的 天线连接到阅读器上。 例如， 一应用场景中有 5个货架， 每个货架有 4层， 阅读器有 4个天 线端口， 阅读器和天线的成本分别为 1600欧元和 20欧元。 如果用户想将每个阅读点的成本 控制在 100欧元内， 则阅读器的每个天线端口应该连接至少 5根天线。 但是， 如果阅读器的 每个天线端口连接多根天线，则需要阅读器具有寻址能力，以确定哪根天线读 /写了电子标签。
因此， 有必要提出一种技术方案， 能在不增加阅读器数量的情况下扩展天线数量， 并且 不需要复杂的组网就能对天线准确寻址， 从而将成本控制在预定的范围内。
发明内容
有鉴于此， 本发明实施例提出了一种 RFID系统、 RFID系统中的阅读器、 RFID系统中 天线的寻址方法及 RFID系统中的级联天线， 其能够在不增加阅读器数量的情况下扩展天线 数量， 无需复杂的组网和特殊的控制信号就能对天线准确寻址， 从而节省总成本。
为达到上述目的， 本发明的技术方案具体是这样实现的：
一种 RFID系统， 包括阅读器和多个天线， 所述多个天线通过线缆顺序级联， 且第一个 天线的 RF入端口与阅读器的天线端口电性连接， 所述阅读器用于测量被读 /写的电子标签到 所述天线端口的距离， 并根据所述距离确定读 /写该电子标签的天线。
所述线缆的长度由所述阅读器测量相位引入的误差、 射频信号在所述线缆和天线上传输 时的相移速度确定。
所述阅读器连接的天线数量根据阅读器的天线端口的输出功率、 天线的输出功率、 以及 天线和用来级联天线的线缆的插入损耗 (IL)确定。
所述多个天线为共面带线（CPS)结构天线， 每个天线两端连接有巴伦（Balun)连接器， 相邻两根天线间的线缆通过巴伦连接器连接所述两根天线。
一种 RFID系统中阅读器， 应用于包括多个通过线缆顺序级联的天线的 RFID系统， 所 述阅读器包括天线端口， 用于与第一个天线的 RF入端口电性连接， 所述阅读器进一步包括 测量模块，用于测量被读 /写的电子标签到所述天线端口的距离， 并根据所述距离确定读 /写该 电子标签的天线。
一种 RFID系统中天线的寻址方法， 应用于包括阅读器和多个通过线缆顺序级联的天线 的 RFID系统， 其中所述阅读器的天线端口与第一个天线的 RF入端口电性连接， 该方法包 括：
所述阅读器测量被读 /写的电子标签到所述天线端口的距离；
所述阅读器根据所述距离确定读 /写该电子标签的天线。
所述阅读器根据所述距离确定读 /写该电子标签的天线包括： 所述阅读器根据测得的距 离、 以及天线长度和线缆长度确定读 /写该电子标签的天线。
一种 RFID系统中的级联天线， 包括多个通过线缆顺序级联的天线， 应用于包括阅读器 的 RFID系统， 且第一个天线的 RF入端口与阅读器的天线端口电性连接， 所述多个天线为 共面带线 （CPS)结构天线， 每个天线两端连接有巴伦（Balun)连接器， 相邻两根天线间的 线缆通过巴伦连接器连接所述两根天线。
由以上技术方案可以看出， 应用本发明实施例提出的技术方案， 既能在不增加阅读器数 量的情况下扩展天线数量， 也不需要复杂的组网， 而且无需特殊的控制信号就能确定哪根天 线读 /写了电子标签， 从而对天线准确寻址。 进一步地， 由于无需复杂的组网和特殊的控制信 号， 可以极大地节省总成本。
附图说明
下面将通过参照附图详细描述本发明的示例性实施例， 使本领域的普通技术人员更清楚 本发明的上述及其它特征和优点， 附图中：
图 1示出了 VUE科技公司提出的 RF组网技术方案；
图 2示出了现有技术的一种 RFID阅读系统的示意图；
图 3示出了本发明实施例的 RFID系统的示意图；
图 4示出了本发明实施例的一种级联天线的结构示意图； 图 5示出了本发明实施例的 RFID系统的应用场景示意图；
图 6示出了本发明实施例的 RFID系统中的天线的寻址方法的流程图；
图 7示出了本发明实施例的距离测量效果示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图及实施例， 对本发明进行进一步详细说明。 应当理解， 此处所描述的具体 实施例仅仅用于解释本发明， 并不用于限定本发明。
图 3示出了本发明实施例的 RFID系统的示意图。 如图 3所示， 该 RFID系统包括阅读 器和多个天线。 其中， 该多个天线通过线缆顺序级联， 且第一个天线的 RF入端口与阅读器 的天线端口电性连接； 阅读器用于测量被读 /写的电子标签到该天线端口的距离， 并根据该距 离确定读 /写该电子标签的天线。 在图 3中， 除天线端口外， 阅读器进一步包括测量模块， 用 于测量被读 /写的标签到该天线端口的距离， 并根据该距离确定读 /写该标签的天线。在本发明 另一实施例中， 阅读器还可以进一步包括一存储模块， 用于存储天线长度和连接天线的线缆 长度等信息， 从而测量模块在测量出被读 /写的电子标签到天线端口的距离后， 能够根据天线 长度和连接天线的线缆长度确定读 /写该电子标签的天线。 在本实施例中， 该多个天线为共面 带线 （CPS)结构天线， 每个天线两端连接有巴伦（Balun)连接器， 并且相邻两根天线间的 线缆通过巴伦连接器连接这两根天线。
在本发明实施例中， 可以采用现有技术中的方法来测量电子标签到天线端口的距离。 在 现有技术中， 一般采用如下步骤来测量标签到天线端口的距离， 包括：
步骤 A:阅读器在第一频率 f1上产生第一发射信号，在第二频率 f2上产生第二发射信号， 并向该电子标签发出合并后的发射信号；
步骤 B: 阅读器在第一时间在第一频率 f1上获得第一接收信号， 并在第二时间在第二频 率 f2上获得第二接收信号；
步骤 C: 从第一接收信号中获得第一同相分量 11和第一正交分量 Q1， 构造出第一信号 矢量 V1 =M +jQ1， 从第二接收信号中获得第二同相分量 12和第二正交分量 Q2， 构造出第二 信号矢量 V2=Q2+jl2， 将第一信号矢量 V1和第二信号矢量 V2相加， 得到合并后的接收信号 矢量 V；
步骤 D: 根据接收信号矢量 V确定相应的电子标签到阅读器的天线端口的距离。
当然， 在本发明实施例中， 还可以采用其它方法来测量标签到天线端口的距离， 此处不 再赘述。
在本发明实施例中， 如果连接天线的线缆太短， 那么相邻两根天线上的用于测距的参数 可能会非常接近， 这就可能导致通过相邻的两根天线读 /写的电子标签到阅读器的天线端口的 距离大致相同， 从而无法确定哪根天线读 /写了该电子标签。 为了使不同天线上的用于测距的 参数充分分离， 天线间的线缆应该充分长， 以使阅读器能够区分每个天线。 在本发明实施例 中， 天线间的线缆长度由阅读器测量相位引入的误差、 以及射频信号在线缆和天线上传输时 的相移速度确定。 具体地， 线缆长度 (Le ?ca 5)由下面的公式确定：
2 ^err ) Vt
Lencab > 其 ..中 . ， r一atio— v
= ·
4π x ratio τ
pa、
Figure imgf000007_0001
其中 fl和 f2是测量标签返回的相位时采用的两个频率， Vpc(fi)是频率为 fi的射频信号在 线缆上传输时的相移速度， Vpa(fi)是频率为 fi的射频信号在天线上传输时的相移速度， i=1或 2， δΦθΐτ是读写器测量相位引入的误差。
在本发明实施例中， 由于多个天线采用级联方式顺序连接， 所以阅读器的一个天线端口 可以连接多个天线， 从而节省总成本。 尽管阅读器的一个天线端口连接的天线数量越多， 在 具体应用时所需要的成本就越低， 但是其所能连接的天线的数量却是有限的。 在本发明实施 例中， 一个天线端口所能连接的天线的数量根据阅读器的天线端口的输出功率、 天线的输出 功率、 以及天线和用来级联天线的线缆的插入损耗 (IL)确定。 以 RFID 系统中采用共面带线 ( CPS) 结构天线 （该天线的两端连接有 Balun连接器） 为例， 确定阅读器的一个天线端口 可连接的天线数量的方法包括如下步骤： 计算每个天线的插入损耗， 该插入损耗 =2*Balun连 接器的插入损耗 +2*同轴共面波导（coaxial-to-CPW)传输的插入损耗 +内部共面带线（internal CPS antenna) 的插入损耗， 假设 Balun连接器的插入损耗为 0.5dB， 同轴共面波导传输的 插入损耗为 0.1 dB， 内部共面带线的插入损耗为 0.5dB， 则天线的插入损耗为 1 .7dB; 根据公 式： （阅读器的天线端口的输出功率 -n*天线的插入损耗） >天线的输出功率，计算天线数量 n， 其中 n为正整数，假设阅读器的天线端口的输出功率是 30 dBm,天线的输出功率是 20 dBm , 则在经过 5根级联天线后， 输出功率将减少到 21 .5dBm=30-1 .7dB*5， 此时依然满足上述公 式， 因此每个天线端口最多连接 5根级联天线。
在本发明实施例中， 用于级联多个天线的线缆可以是同轴电缆、 电容器或感应器。 如果 在该 RFID系统中采用差分结构的天线，则在每个天线的两端还需要连接 Balun连接器。图 4 示出了本发明实施例的一种级联天线结构示意图。 如图 4所述， 该级联天线包括多个通过线 缆顺序级联的天线， 可以应用于包括阅读器的 RFID系统， 且第一个天线的 RF入端口与阅 读器的天线端口电性连接。 在图 4中， 该多个天线为共面带线 （CPS) 结构天线， 每个天线 两端连接有巴伦 （Balun) 连接器， 相邻两根天线间的线缆通过巴伦连接器连接这两根天线。 图 4仅示出了两根天线的级联结构， 为例进行说明， 本领域技术人员可以理解， 根据该级联 结构， 可以级联更多的天线。 由于本实施例中天线为共面带线结构天线， 因此天线上的相位 是均匀分布的， 所以， 该级联天线结构可用于 RFID系统通过测距的方法来确定哪根天线读 / 写了电子标签。
图 5示出了本发明实施例的 RFID系统的应用场景示意图。 例如， 本发明实施例提出的 RFID系统可以应用于智能货架。如图 5所示， 多个天线通过线缆顺序级联， 货架的每一层部 署一根天线， 该级联天线与阅读器电性连接。 如果货架某一层上的天线读 /写了附着在该层货 品上的标签， 则阅读器测量该标签到阅读器天线端口的距离， 并根据天线长度和线缆长度确 定是哪根天线读 /写了标签。例如， 如果货架第三层上的天线读 /写了标签， 则阅读器测得的距 离应为第三层和第四层上的天线长度与第三层与第四层间的线缆长度的和， 因为天线长度和 线缆长度是已知的， 则阅读器能够确定是第三层上的天线读 /写了标签。
图 6示出了本发明实施例的 RFID系统中的天线的寻址方法的流程图。 在本发明实施例 中， 该方法应用于包括阅读器和多个通过线缆顺序级联的天线的 RFID系统， 其中阅读器的 天线端口与第一个天线的 RF入端口电性连接。 如图 6所示， 该方法包括如下步骤：
步骤 61 : 阅读器测量被读 /写的电子标签到天线端口的距离。
在本步骤中， 具体测量距离的方法已经在上文中做了描述， 此处不再赘述。
步骤 62: 阅读器根据测得的距离确定读 /写该电子标签的天线。
在本步骤中， 当阅读器测量出被读 /写的电子标签到天线端口的距离后， 再根据天线长度 和连接天线的线缆长度确定读 /写该电子标签的天线。
在本实施例中， 该多个天线为共面带线 （CPS ) 结构天线， 且每个天线两端连接有巴伦 ( Balun) 连接器， 相邻两根天线间的线缆通过巴伦连接器连接这两根天线。
图 7示出了本发明实施例的距离测量效果示意图。如图 7所示， 线条 a表示被读 /写的电 子标签到阅读器的天线端口的实际距离， 曲线 b表示采用本发明实施例提出的技术方案测得 的被读 /写的电子标签到阅读器的天线端口的距离。 由图 7可见， 尽管实际距离和测量距离之 间有一定的误差， 但很明显， 采用本发明实施例能够区分不同的天线， 从而确定是哪根天线 读 /写了电子标签。
由上述实施例可以看出， 应用本发明实施例提出的技术方案， 既能在不增加阅读器数量 的情况下扩展天线数量， 也不需要复杂的组网， 而且无需特殊的控制信号就能确定哪根天线 读 /写了电子标签， 从而对天线准确寻址。进一步地， 由于无需复杂的组网和特殊的控制信号， 可以极大地节省总成本。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并不用以限制本发明， 凡在本发明的精神和原 则之内， 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等， 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种 RFID系统， 包括阅读器和多个天线， 所述多个天线通过线缆顺序级联， 且第一 个天线的 RF入端口与阅读器的天线端口电性连接， 其特征在于， 所述阅读器用于测量被读 / 写的电子标签到所述天线端口的距离， 并根据所述距离确定读 /写该电子标签的天线。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的 RFID系统， 其特征在于， 所述线缆的长度由所述阅读器测量 相位引入的误差、 射频信号在所述线缆和天线上传输时的相移速度确定。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的 RFID系统， 其特征在于， 所述阅读器连接的天线数量根据阅 读器的天线端口的输出功率、 天线的输出功率、 以及天线和用来级联天线的线缆的插入损耗 (IL)确定。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的 RFID系统， 其特征在于， 所述多个天线为共面带线 （CPS) 结构天线， 每个天线两端连接有巴伦（Balun)连接器， 相邻两根天线间的线缆通过巴伦连接 器连接所述两根天线。
5、 一种 RFID系统中阅读器， 应用于包括多个通过线缆顺序级联的天线的 RFID系统， 所述阅读器包括天线端口， 用于与第一个天线的 RF入端口电性连接， 其特征在于， 所述阅 读器进一步包括测量模块， 用于测量被读 /写的电子标签到所述天线端口的距离， 并根据所述 距离确定读 /写该电子标签的天线。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的阅读器， 其特征在于， 所述线缆的长度由所述阅读器测量相位 引入的误差、 射频信号在所述线缆和天线上传输时的相移速度确定。
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的阅读器， 其特征在于， 所述阅读器连接的天线数量根据阅读器 的天线端口的输出功率、 天线的输出功率、 以及天线和用来级联天线的线缆的插入损耗 (i 确定。
8、一种 RFID系统中天线的寻址方法， 应用于包括阅读器和多个通过线缆顺序级联的天 线的 RFID系统， 其中所述阅读器的天线端口与第一个天线的 RF入端口电性连接， 其特征 在于， 该方法包括：
所述阅读器测量被读 /写的电子标签到所述天线端口的距离；
所述阅读器根据所述距离确定读 /写该电子标签的天线。
9、根据权利要求 8所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述阅读器根据所述距离确定读 /写该电子 标签的天线包括： 所述阅读器根据测得的距离、 以及天线长度和线缆长度确定读 /写该电子标 签的天线。
10、 一种 RFID 系统中的级联天线， 包括多个通过线缆顺序级联的天线， 应用于包括阅 读器的 RFID系统， 且第一个天线的 RF入端口与阅读器的天线端口电性连接， 其特征在于， 所述多个天线为共面带线（CPS)结构天线， 每个天线两端连接有巴伦（Balun)连接器， 相 两根天线间的线缆通过巴伦连接器连接所述两根天线。
PCT/CN2012/075066 2012-05-04 2012-05-04 Rfid系统、rfid系统中的阅读器、rfid系统中天线的寻址方法及rfid系统中的级联天线 WO2013163809A1 (zh)

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