Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24C—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES ; DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
  • F24C7/00—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy
  • F24C7/04—Stoves or ranges heated by electric energy with heat radiated directly from the heating element
  • F24C7/043—Stoves
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D19/00—Details
  • F24D19/06—Casings, cover lids or ornamental panels, for radiators
  • F24D19/067—Front coverings attached to the radiator
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H3/00—Air heaters
  • F24H3/002—Air heaters using electric energy supply
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
  • F24D2220/20—Heat consumers
  • F24D2220/2009—Radiators
  • F24D2220/2036—Electric radiators

Definitions

• the invention relates to an electric radiator whose inner face of the front face has areas with different emissivities. It also relates to a front facade of electric radiator. It also relates to a method of manufacturing an electric radiator and a method of adjusting the temperature of the outer face of a front panel of electric radiator.
• the invention relates to the technical field of electric radiators in which the heat is radiated directly by an electric heating body. It relates more particularly to techniques for homogenizing the front temperature of a radiator.
• the outer face of the front of the electric radiators very often has poor thermal homogeneity with too hot or too cold areas that cause thermal discomfort.
• the emissivity ( ⁇ ) determines the ability of its inner face to absorb the radiating energy emitted by the heating body located inside the radiator and to transfer it to the outer face.
• ⁇ the ability of its inner face to absorb the radiating energy emitted by the heating body located inside the radiator and to transfer it to the outer face.
• a low emissivity for example sheet metal or glass with low emissivity where ⁇ ⁇ 0.4
• the energy transferred to the outer face is low and the front panel is not hot enough.
• the internal face has a high emissivity (for example in painted metal or glass where ⁇ > 0.8)
• the transferred energy is strong and the front panel becomes too hot.
• the energy radiated by the heating body is generally concentrated on the central zone of said body whose surface is smaller than that of the front panel.
• the absorption of energy by the inner face of the front panel will therefore be concentrated in the region located opposite its central zone of the heating body. This configuration is likely to locally create overheating areas on its inner and outer faces of the front panel.
• one solution is to add a second low-power heating element (cord or heating film) distributed over its entire surface of its internal face and the thermal insulation of the body of the radiator. main heater.
• its temperature of the front facade depends mainly on the energy emitted by the second heating body.
• Patent document FR 2,580,972 discloses an electric heater comprising a heater inserted in a housing, which housing has a back cover and a front panel.
• the inner face of the back cover has a coating promoting its reflection of the radiation of the heating body to the front panel.
• the inner face of the front panel has a coating promoting the absorption of radiation by said front facade so as to accelerate its heating, which coating has a uniform emissivity.
• the patent document EP 1.814.361 discloses an electric heating device in which the front face has at least one solid and watertight portion relative to its support of metallic material transmitting infrared radiation to a location to be heated.
• the front face comprises a solid plate of material having a good transmission of infrared radiation, while the major part of said front face is opaque to infrared radiation.
• the front face thus has two zones having different emissivities. The energy radiated by the heating body is in this case concentrated at the level of the solid plate, without any real homogenization of the temperature of the outer face of the front panel.
• an objective of the invention is to propose an alternative solution for improving the homogenization of the temperature of the external face of the front facade of a radiator.
• Another objective of the invention is to propose a technique that is inexpensive and simple to implement, making it possible to lower the temperature of the initially too hot zones of the external face of the front facade and to increase that of the zones that were initially too cold. .
• the solution proposed by the invention is an electric radiator comprising a support frame inside which is inserted an electric heating body, the front face of said frame being provided with a front panel whose inner face absorbs the radiant energy generated. by said heating body and whose outer face restores all or part of said absorbed energy, said inner face having radiating energy transfer zones having different emissivities which influence the radiating energy restored by said outer face and on the temperature of said front facade.
• This radiator is remarkable in that the inner face has areas covered with a coating and areas not covered by said coating, said coating having an emissivity different from that of said inner face.
• the coating has a lower emissivity than that of the inner face, so that the transfer of the radiating energy towards the external face at the level of the areas covered by said coating is reduced compared to the transfer. radiant energy to said outer face at the areas not covered by said coating.
• This coating may be in the form of an aluminum film applied against the inside face of the front facade, the zones having an emissivity greater than that of said coating consisting of perforations and / or removal of materials made from said film,
• This coating may also be in the form of an aluminized paint or a paint having a lower emissivity than that of the internal surface, a stencil allowing delimitation of the painted areas of the unpainted areas.
• Areas not covered by the coating may be coated with an epoxy paint having an emissivity greater than 0.9.
• the spacing of areas not covered by the coating is preferably limited to a few centimeters.
• the coating has an emissivity greater than that of the internal face, so that the transfer of the radiant energy towards the external face at the level of the areas covered by said coating is favored compared with the transfer. radiant energy to said outer face at the areas not covered by said coating.
• This coating may be a material having an emissivity greater than 0.8, and preferably an epoxy paint having an emissivity greater than 0.9.
• This epoxy paint can be applied on the inner side by spraying in the form of strips of a few centimeters in width or points of a few millimeters in diameter obtained using a stencil.
• Another aspect of the invention is an electric radiator front facade comprising an inner face and an outer face, said inner face having radiant energy transfer zones having different emissivities which affect the radiating energy restored by said outer face and on the temperature of said front facade, this facade being remarkable in that the inner face has areas covered with a coating and areas not covered by said coating, said coating having an emissivity different from that of said inner face.
• Yet another aspect of the invention relates to a method of manufacturing an electric radiator consisting of inserting an electric heating body inside a support batten and to equip the front face of said frame with a front facade whose internal face absorbs the radiant energy emitted by said heating body and whose outer face restores all or part of said energy absorbed said inner face having radiating energy transfer zones having different emissivities which influence the radiant energy restored by said outer face and the temperature of said front panel, said method comprising a step of arranging on said inner face areas covered with a coating and areas not covered by said coating, said coating having an emissivity different from that of said inner face.
• Yet another aspect of the invention relates to a method of adjusting the temperature of the external face of a front wall (or any other facade) of an electric radiator enclosing an electric heating body capable of generating radiant energy, said method comprising the following steps: - preliminary evaluation of the thermal distribution on the external surface of the front facade, - positioning zones having a lower emissivity than that of the internal face vis-à-vis the zones of the external face initially too hot and / or position areas having a higher emissivity than that of said inner face vis-à-vis areas of said outer face initially too cold.
• FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a radiator according to the invention, in a first variant embodiment
• FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view of the assembled radiator of FIG. 1,
• FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a radiator according to the invention, in a second variant embodiment
• FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of the assembled radiator of FIG.
• the electric radiator 1 object of the invention comprises a support frame 10.
• the latter is typically of parallelepipedal shape, although other forms depending on the desired aesthetics can be considered.
• the outer face 1 10 of the rear wall January 1 of the frame 10 comprises fixing means 1 100 to a wall or any other type of wall or support.
• An electric heater 20 is inserted inside the frame 10.
• the heater 20 is of the type known to those skilled in the art. It is for example in the form of steel plates, aluminum, ceramic or cast iron in which are inserted one or more electrical resistances 21. It is also possible to use a single piece of heating obtained by extrusion in a metal alloy. It should be noted that other means of producing thermal energy may be envisaged such as pipes traversed by a coolant.
• the inner face of the rear wall 1 January 1 of the frame 10 is covered with a thermally insulating coating 1 1 10 and / or a reflection layer (metallic paint, aluminum film) to reflect the thermal radiation from the In this way, the heat diffusion is essentially directed towards the front of the radiator 1.
• the front face of the frame 10 is provided with a front panel 30 comprising an outer face 31 facing the room where is positioned the radiator 1 and an inner face 32 facing the heating body 20.
• the inner face 32 absorbs the radiant energy generated by the heating body 30 and transfers it to the outer face 31 which restores all or part in the room to heat.
• the front panel 30 consists of an aluminum sheet or a glass plate made in one piece or in several parts.
• the emissivity ⁇ influences the radiant energy restored by the outer face 31 and thus on the temperature of the front facade 30.
• the inner face 32 has an emissivity that is too low, for example in the case where the front face 30 is of sanded or polished aluminum sheet ( ⁇ .3), it is difficult to obtain a homogeneous temperature of the external face 31.
• the zone of the outer face 31 located vis-à-vis the heating body 20 is generally hotter than the edges of said face.
• the outer face 31 is generally too hot, may in some cases cause burns in the area located vis-à-vis the heating body 20.
• emissivity ⁇ is well known to those skilled in the art. It can for example be performed in the following manner: - the temperature of the facade is measured and recorded using a temperature probe with contact and calibrated thermometer (thermocouple K, J, T for example); - Then we point an infrared thermometer to the surface of the facade, respecting the distance / diameter ratio corresponding to the thermometer used; the emissivity parameter is adjusted on the infrared thermometer until the temperature measured by said thermometer is equal to the temperature measured by the temperature probe. This gives the value of the emissivity ⁇ .
• the inner face 32 has areas whose emissivity reduces the transfer of the radiating energy generated by the heating body 20 to said outer face and zones whose emissivity promotes the transfer of said energy to said outer face.
• Figures 1 and 2 illustrate a radiator 1 whose front face 30 has a high emissivity ( ⁇ between 0.5 and 1, especially ⁇ greater than 0.8).
• the inner face 32 is covered with a coating 40 having a lower emissivity than that of said inner face.
• a coating 40 having a lower emissivity than that of said inner face.
• the coating 40 is advantageously an aluminum film ( ⁇ > 0.1) applied for example by gluing over the entire inner face 32 or on certain carefully selected areas. It is also possible to consider coating all or part of the inner face 32 with an aluminized paint or another low-emissivity paint.
• the coating 40 comprising areas 400 ( Figure 1) having a higher emissivity than that of said coating.
• the inner face 32 thus has radiant energy transfer zones having different emissivities.
• perforations and / or removal of materials are performed on said film.
• holes of a few millimeters in diameter may be envisaged.
• the cut or perforated zones 400 have an emissivity corresponding to the initial emissivity of the inner face 32 and thus a higher emissivity than that of the coating 40.
• a stencil makes it possible to delimit the painted areas of the unpainted zones 400 having an emissivity corresponding to the initial emissivity of the inner face 32 and thus a higher emissivity than that of the coating 40
• the painted areas may consist of points of a few millimeters in diameter.
• the transfer of the radiant energy to the outer face 31 is reduced. Conversely, the transfer of the radiant energy to the outer face 31 is favored at the zones 400. This transfer can be further improved by coating the zones 400 with a high emissivity epoxy paint ( ⁇ > 0.9 ). The Applicant has found that by limiting the spacing of the zones 400 to a few centimeters, it avoids a feeling of hot / cold spots to the touch of the outer face 31.
• Figures 3 and 4 illustrate a radiator 1 whose front panel 30 has a low emissivity ( ⁇ between 0 and 0.5 and in particular ⁇ less than 0.4).
• the inner face 32 is partially covered with a coating 40 'having a higher emissivity than that of said inner face.
• the coating 40 is advantageously an epoxy paint of high emissivity ( ⁇ > 0.9) applied to the inner face 32, for example by spraying. in the form of strips a few centimeters wide ( Figure 3) or points of a few millimeters in diameter obtained using a stencil. Any other screen printing is possible.
• the uncoated zones 400 ' have an emissivity corresponding to the initial emissivity of the inner face 32, that is to say a lower emissivity than that of the coating 40'.
• the inner face 32 thus has radiating energy transfer zones 40 ', 400' having different emissivifiers.
• the transfer of the radiating energy to the outer face 31 is favored.
• the transfer of the radiating energy to the outer face 31 is reduced at the level of the uncoated areas 400 '.
• the thermal behavior of the facade 30 is previously evaluated so as to locate the hot and cold zones of its outer face 31.
• the distribution, size and / or concentration of high emissivity areas 400, 40' and / or zones of low emissivity 40, 400 ', will then be adapted to precisely adjust the temperature reached locally on the outer face 31.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Central Heating Systems (AREA)
• Resistance Heating (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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ID=48614037

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Citations (3)

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• 2012
  • 2012-04-26 FR FR1253850A patent/FR2990015B1/fr active Active
• 2013
  • 2013-04-25 EP EP13728436.0A patent/EP2841851B1/fr active Active
  • 2013-04-25 RU RU2014147488A patent/RU2014147488A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2013-04-25 WO PCT/FR2013/050925 patent/WO2013160623A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2013-04-25 ES ES13728436.0T patent/ES2589760T3/es active Active

Patent Citations (3)

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