WO2013159651A1 - 逆烟楼梯 - Google Patents

逆烟楼梯 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013159651A1
WO2013159651A1 PCT/CN2013/074123 CN2013074123W WO2013159651A1 WO 2013159651 A1 WO2013159651 A1 WO 2013159651A1 CN 2013074123 W CN2013074123 W CN 2013074123W WO 2013159651 A1 WO2013159651 A1 WO 2013159651A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
smoke
stairwell
escape
floor
staircase
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Application number
PCT/CN2013/074123
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邱楚盛
Original Assignee
Qiu Chusheng
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Qiu Chusheng filed Critical Qiu Chusheng
Publication of WO2013159651A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013159651A1/zh

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F11/00Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/02Stairways; Layouts thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to building components, and more particularly to a counter-smoke staircase for building fire protection. Background technique
  • the design of fire prevention and smoke prevention for high-rise stairs is mainly to set up front room, fire door and mechanical smoke prevention facilities.
  • the space in the front room of the smoke prevention is limited, and it is impossible to accommodate the hot smoke without restriction. It is a way to change the time by space; the closed fire door can reduce the smoke into the stairs to a certain extent, but once opened, The smoke prevention function is lost; the mechanical smoke prevention facility must ensure the supply of electricity, and if there is a power outage, it will not work.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a counter-smoke stairwell which utilizes the principle of thermal expansion and contraction, which has a higher density of hot smoke than cold air and does not go downward. It is based on such natural laws that the escape route for the escape route is left, and the passage of the hot smoke from the floor plane directly into the escape stairwell is blocked.
  • the present invention provides an anti-smoke stairwell, wherein the counter-smoke stairwell includes a downward escape passage that connects up to the floor level and down to the escape stair.
  • the present invention also provides a smoke exhaust passage, wherein the smoke exhaust passage is disposed below the initial upward step of the escape stairwell from the previous floor to the next upper floor.
  • the invention also provides an anti-smoke stairwell for connecting a floor plan and an escape stairwell, wherein a hot smoke inlet is arranged at the counter-smoke stair junction floor plane, and the counter-smoke stairway is connected There is a fireproof smoke curtain at the escape stairwell.
  • the invention also provides a reverse smoke stairwell, wherein the reverse smoke stairwell comprises a downward Escape channel, which connects the floor plane upwards and connects down to the elevator room or refuge floor or escape space such as slides or sliders.
  • the downward escape passage of the anti-smoke stairwell is connected to the floor plane upward and connected to the elevator booth downward.
  • the hot smoke inlet is connected to a row of smoke passages.
  • the exhaust passage is disposed below the initial upward step of the escape stairwell from the previous floor to the next floor.
  • the anti-smoke stairwell includes at least one oblique passage for connecting the floor plan upward and connecting the escape stairwell downward.
  • the diagonal channel is selected from a stair or a ramp.
  • the reverse smoke stairwell includes a vertical passage for connecting the floor plane upward and connecting the escape stairwell downward.
  • the vertical channel is selected from the group consisting of a slide or a slide bar.
  • a platform or a smoke prevention front chamber is disposed between the reverse smoke stairwell and the floor plan.
  • a buffer platform is disposed between the counter-smoke stairwell and the escape stairwell.
  • the invention also provides a smoke-proof staircase, which is arranged in a building for personnel escape, wherein the building comprises at least one floor plane; the smoke-proof staircase is formed by connecting a plurality of smoke-proof stairwells; Providing a smokeproof stairwell on each of the floor plans; wherein
  • the smoke-proof stairwell includes an escape stairwell and at least one of the above-mentioned counter-smoke stairwells; the escape stairwell is connected to the floor plan by at least one of the anti-smoke stairwells.
  • the invention uses a reverse smoke stairwell to connect the floor plan with the escape stairwell, separating the floor plan and the escape stairwell.
  • the anti-smoke stairwell is not limited to the form of stairs.
  • One of the anti-smoke stairwells is a section of one or more descending stairs, or a section with a smoke exhaust passage and more than one section of the downward walk. stairs.
  • the anti-smoke stairwell can be other forms of downward vertical passages, such as slides, slides, and the like.
  • the anti-smoke stairwell to connect the floor plan with the escape stairwell so that the floor plan is not directly connected to the escape stairwell, and the anti-smoke stairwell on each floor is not directly connected to the anti-smoke stairwells of other floors, thus isolating each
  • the hot smoke on the first floor enters the escape stairwell, and the hot smoke will not be discharged to the upper floor through the anti-smoke stairwell, so that the influence of the hot smoke can be controlled in the disaster.
  • the floor does not affect other floors.
  • the floor plan is not directly connected to the escape stairwell. It means that in the fire, if the escape stairwell has a door that opens to the floor level, the door can be automatically sealed in the event of fire, so that the fireworks can not pass. The descriptions are not directly connected.
  • the exhaust passage is generally arranged below the initial upward step of the escape stairwell from the previous floor to the next floor, so that the exhaust port is one step higher than the hot smoke inlet to form a hot smoke rising passage.
  • This design not only conforms to the rule of eliminating hot smoke, but also effectively utilizes the space below the step to save the floor area.
  • the hot smoke inlet is designed in the anti-smoke stairwell, effectively utilizing the anti-funnel formed by the anti-smoke stairs, which is conducive to the elimination of hot smoke.
  • a mechanical exhaust system is added to the exhaust duct and to the front room for better smoke evacuation.
  • the fireproof smoke curtain is located at the junction of the anti-smoke stairwell and the escape stairwell, or set on the step of the counter-smoke tower ladder. It can block the insulation from entering the escape stairwell to a certain extent, and it does not affect the passage of people in the escape stairwell.
  • the smoke-proof fire curtain should be made of a transparent fireproof material.
  • the escape stairs on the side of the exhaust passage do not have a window, and a vertical smoke-proof wall is arranged at the exit of the hot smoke to prevent the smoke from spreading to the other side of the stairs, preventing the smoke discharged outside from entering the escape stairs again.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the constituent units of the anti-smoke staircase
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the working principle of the anti-smoke staircase
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view of the constituent elements of the anti-smoke staircase
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the working principle of the anti-smoke staircase
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of a reverse smoke staircase without an anterior chamber
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of an anti-smoke staircase with an anterior chamber
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of the hot smoke inlet of the anti-smoke staircase with the front chamber;
  • Figure 8 is a plan view of an anti-smoke staircase (Fig. 6) having an anterior chamber;
  • Figure 9 is a pattern diagram of an anti-smoke staircase with an anterior chamber
  • Figure 10 is an anti-smoke staircase with an anterior chamber (no escape window in the escape stairwell);
  • Figure 11 is a reverse smoke staircase without an anterior chamber (the exhaust passage is in the middle);
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of a complete front room-free reverse smoke staircase composed of a plurality of units
  • Figure 13 is a reverse smoke staircase without an anterior chamber (the exhaust passage is on one side);
  • Figure 14 is a different angle view of Figure 2;
  • Figure 15 is a different angle view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 16 is a complete ventricle-free reverse smoke staircase (in the middle of the exhaust passage);
  • Figure 17 is a complete front view of the anti-smoke staircase (the exhaust passage on one side) without front room;
  • Figure 18 is a reverse smoke staircase for a vertical smoke wall
  • Figure 19 is a plan view of a reverse smoke staircase provided with an elevator car
  • Figure 20 is a plan view of a building provided with a refuge floor and an anti-smoke staircase.
  • 1 hot smoke outlet
  • 2 exhaust smoke passage
  • 3 hot smoke inlet
  • 4 fireproof smoke curtain
  • 5 hot smoke path
  • 6 floor plan
  • 7 reverse smoke stairwell
  • 8 escape stairs
  • 9 cold air
  • 10 hot smoke
  • 11 hot floor
  • 12 front floor
  • 13 front room
  • 13 roof
  • 14 vertical smoke wall
  • 15 is wall or airtight window
  • 16 elevator
  • 17 Refuge floors.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the constituent elements of an anti-smoke staircase according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 15 is a different angle of Figure 1.
  • the smoke prevention staircase is located in the building and is used for personnel escape.
  • the building includes at least one floor plan, and the anti-smoke staircase is formed by interconnecting a plurality of smoke-proof stairwells, and a smoke-proof stairwell is disposed on each of the floor plans. Therefore, more specifically, Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the constituent units of a smokeproof stairwell constituting an anti-smoke staircase. Please refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 14 . FIG.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the working principle of the anti-smoke staircase
  • FIG. 14 is a different angle of FIG. 2
  • FIG. 2 can be composed of two units of FIG. 1 , wherein the inverse
  • the smoke staircase is formed by two interconnected smoke-proof stairwells.
  • the smoke-proof stairwell includes an escape stairwell 8 and a counter-smoke stairwell 7.
  • the reverse smoke stairwell 7 is adjacent to the escape stairwell 8.
  • the anti-smoke stairwell 7 may also not be adjacent to the escape stairwell 8, but only to the escape stairwell 8 Connected by a fireproof smoke curtain 4.
  • a plurality of anti-smoke stairwells may be connected to the escape stairwell 8 through the fireproof smoke curtain 4.
  • the escape stairwell 8 is not directly connected to the floor plan 6, but is connected to the floor plan 6 via the counter-smoke stairwell 7. That is, the escape floor ladder 8 is independent of the floor plan 6, and one must pass through the reverse smoke stairwell 7 to enter the escape stairwell 8.
  • the counter-smoke stairwell 8 includes a downwardly sloping passage that connects up to the floor level 6 and connects down to the escape stairwell 8.
  • the oblique passage is a diagonally disposed staircase, and the height difference of the obliquely disposed stairs is not less than 90 cm.
  • the diagonal channel can also be a ramp.
  • a hot smoke inlet 1 is disposed at the floor plan 6 of the counter-smoke stairwell 7, and a fireproof smoke curtain 4 is disposed at the escape stairwell 8 connected to the counter-smoke stairwell 7.
  • the hot smoke inlet 3 is connected to a row of smoke passages 2.
  • the exhaust passage 2 is disposed in the escape stairwell from the upper floor to the lower upstairs section of the first floor.
  • a hot smoke rising passage is formed. This design not only conforms to the rule of eliminating hot smoke, but also effectively utilizes the space below the step to save the building area.
  • arrow 9 is cold air
  • arrow 10 is hot smoke
  • arrow 5 is a hot smoke path.
  • the anti-funnel formed by the anti-smoke stairs is used to allow hot smoke to enter the hot smoke inlet 1
  • the hot smoke flows along the hot smoke path 5 of FIGS. 2 and 3 and is finally discharged from the hot smoke outlet 3. Therefore, the hot smoke does not enter the escape stairwell 8 to achieve the effect of preventing smoke.
  • the floor plan 6 and the escape stairwell 8 are connected by the reverse smoke stairwell 7 so that the floor plan 6 is not directly connected to the escape stairwell 8.
  • the reverse smoke stairwell 7 of each floor is not directly connected with the anti-smoke stairwell 7 of other layers, thereby isolating the hot smoke 10 of each layer from entering the escape stairwell 8 and the hot smoke 10 will not pass the counter-smoke.
  • the stairwell 7 is discharged to the upper floor, the influence of the hot smoke 10 can be controlled on the affected floor without affecting other buildings.
  • a platform or smoke front chamber is provided between the counter-smoke stairwell 7 and the floor plan for more effective smoke protection.
  • the escape stairwell 8 has no outdoor window.
  • the exhaust passage 2 may be disposed in the middle (Fig. 11) or on one side (Fig. 13).
  • FIG. 12 shows a complete front-chamber reverse smoke staircase consisting of multiple smoke-proof stairwells. Among them, 11 is the top floor and 13 is the roof.
  • another embodiment of the present invention provides a complete front room-free reverse smoke floor ladder in which the smoke exhaust passage 2 is disposed in the middle.
  • another embodiment of the present invention provides a complete front room-free reverse smoke floor ladder, wherein the smoke exhaust passage 2 is disposed on one side.
  • another embodiment of the present invention provides a reverse smoke staircase provided with a vertical smoke barrier wall, wherein 14 is the smoke barrier wall, 15 is a wall or a gas impermeable window.
  • the anti-smoke stairwell 7 is not adjacent to the escape stairwell 8. More specifically, the smoke-proof stairwell may further include an elevator car 16 that is connected to the anti-smoke stairwell 7 and the escape stairwell 8, respectively. Alternatively, the elevator car 16 can be combined with the anti-smoke stairwell 7 alone, without the need for an escape stairwell 8.
  • a refuge layer 17 may be disposed in the building.
  • the refuge layer 17 is connected to the floor plane via another counter-smoke stairwell 7, and the evasion layer 17 and the counter-smoke stairs are not connected to each other.
  • the anti-smoke stairwell of the invention utilizes the principle of thermal expansion and contraction, that is, the hot smoke density rises lower than the cold air, does not go down the natural law, leaving a downward escape passage for the person to escape, blocking the hot smoke The passage from the floor plane directly into the escape space.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Steps, Ramps, And Handrails (AREA)

Abstract

一种逆烟楼梯,设于建筑物内用于人员逃生,其具有多个相互连接的逆烟楼梯间(7)。该逆烟楼梯间(7)包含一个向下的逃生通道,该逃生通道向上连接楼层平面(6),向下连接逃生楼梯间(8)。在该逆烟楼梯间连接楼层平面处设置有一热烟进口(3),其连接一排烟通道(2)。该逆烟楼梯能够有效地阻止热烟进入逃生楼梯间。

Description

逆烟楼梯 技术领域
本发明涉及建筑构件, 特别是一种用于建筑物消防的逆烟楼梯。 背景技术
《高层民用建筑防火规范》 关于机械防烟第 8.3. 1 .2 条规定: "采用 自 然 排烟措施的防烟楼梯间,其不具备自然排烟条件的前室,应设置独立的机械加 压送风的防烟设施"。
目前高层楼梯防火防烟设计中主要是设置前室、 防火门以及机械防烟设 施。 其中, 防烟前室的空间毕竟有限, 不可能无限制的容纳热烟, 是一种以 空间来换时间的方法; 关闭的防火门在一定程度上可以减少烟进入楼梯中, 可是一旦开启, 就失去了防烟功能; 机械防烟设施, 其必须保障电力的供应, 如果出现停电, 则无法起到作用。
由于在以往的火灾中, 主要的伤亡是由火灾中产生的热烟造成的, 所以 防烟是防止伤亡的关键所在。
因此, 实有必要提供一种改进的逆烟楼梯间, 以解决上述问题。 发明内容
本发明的目 的在于提出一种逆烟楼梯间, 它是利用热胀冷缩的原理, 热 烟密度低于冷空气而上升, 不会向下走。 正是基于这样的自然规律, 留下向 下的逃生通道供人员逃生的通道, 阻断热烟由楼层平面直接进入逃生楼梯间 的通道。
为实现上述 的, 本发明提供一种逆烟楼梯间, 其中, 所述逆烟楼梯间 包含一个向下的逃生通道, 该逃生通道向上连接楼层平面, 向下连接逃生楼 梯间。
本发明还提供一种排烟通道, 其中, 所述排烟通道设置于逃生楼梯间由 上一楼层通往再上一楼层的初始向上梯段下方。
本发明还提供一种逆烟楼梯间, 用于连接一楼层平面和一逃生楼梯间, 其中, 在所述逆烟楼梯间联结楼层平面处设置有一热烟进口, 在所述逆烟楼 梯间连接逃生楼梯间处设置有一防火隔烟帘。
本发明还提供一种逆烟楼梯间, 其中, 所述逆烟楼梯间包含一个向下的 逃生通道, 该逃生通道向上连接楼层平面, 向下连接电梯间或避难层或滑梯 或滑杆等逃生空间。 优选地, 所述该逆烟楼梯间的向下的逃生通道, 该逃生 通道向上连接楼层平面, 向下连接电梯间。
在本发明一实施例中, 所述热烟进口连接一排烟通道。
在本发明一实施例中, 所述排烟通道设置于所述逃生楼梯间由上一楼层 通往再上一楼层的初始向上梯段下方。
在本发明一实施例中, 所述逆烟楼梯间包含至少一段斜向通道, 用于向 上连接所述楼层平面、 向下连接所述逃生楼梯间。 优选地, 所述斜向通道选 自楼梯或斜坡。
在本发明一实施例中, 所述逆烟楼梯间包含一垂直通道, 用于向上连接 所述楼层平面、 向下连接所述逃生楼梯间。 优选地, 所述垂直通道选自滑梯 或滑杆。
在本发明一实施例中, 在所述逆烟楼梯间与所述楼层平面之间设置一平 台或防烟前室。
在本发明一实施例中 , 在所述逆烟楼梯间与所述逃生楼梯间之间设置一 緩冲平台。
本发明还提供一种防烟楼梯, 设于建筑物内, 用于人员逃生, 其中, 所述建筑物包括至少一楼层平面; 所述防烟楼梯由多个防烟楼梯间相互 连接而成; 在每一所述楼屋平面上设置一所述防烟楼梯间; 其中,
所述防烟楼梯间包括一逃生楼梯间和至少一上述任一逆烟楼梯间; 所述逃生楼梯间通过至少一所述逆烟楼梯间与所述楼层平面连接。 本发明用逆烟楼梯间连接楼层平面与逃生楼梯间, 隔开楼层平面与逃生 楼梯间。 逆烟楼梯间并不局限于楼梯这种形式, 其中的一种逆烟楼梯间是一 段及一段以上的向下走的楼梯, 或是带有排烟通道的一段及一段以上的向下 走的楼梯。 另外逆烟楼梯间还可以是其它形式的向下垂直通道, 如滑梯, 滑 杆等。
由于热烟一旦进入逃生楼梯间, 就会迅速的向上升, 严重影响到受灾层 以上的楼层的人员的逃生。 用逆烟楼梯间连接楼层平面与逃生楼梯间, 使得 楼层平面与逃生楼梯间不直接相连, 同时每一层的逆烟楼梯间不与其它层的 逆烟楼梯间直接相联, 从而隔绝了每一层的热烟进入逃生楼梯间, 热烟就不 会通过逆烟楼梯间向上一楼层排放, 也就可以将热烟的影响范围控制在受灾 的楼层而不影响其它楼层。 所述楼层平面与逃生楼梯间不直接相连, 是指在 火灾中, 如果逃生楼梯间有一开口向楼层平面的门, 此门可在火灾时自动封 死使烟火人等不能通过, 则也是文中所述的不直接相连。
排烟通道一般设置于逃生楼梯间由上一楼层通往再上一楼层的初始向上 梯段下方, 以使排烟口比热烟进口高一个梯段, 形成热烟上升通道。 这样设 计不仅符合排除热烟的规律, 还可以有效的利用梯段下方的空间, 做到节约 建筑面积的效果。
热烟进口设计在逆烟楼梯间, 有效的利用逆烟楼梯所形成的反漏斗, 有 利于排除热烟。 在排烟通道上以及前室加设机械排风系统, 则排烟效果会更 好。
在条件许可的情况下, 如能在楼层平面进入逆烟楼梯的入口设置面积较 大的平台或者防烟前室, 那就更有利于防烟了。 在逆烟楼梯进入逃生楼梯间 的地方设置一个逆烟楼梯间的緩冲平台, 将有利于防止踩踏, 保护人员在逃 生的过程中不受伤。 逆烟楼梯的入口宜设置防火门。
防火隔烟帘位于逆烟楼梯间与逃生楼梯间的联结处, 或者设置于逆烟楼 梯的踏步上设置。 其能在一定程度上阻隔热烟进入逃生楼梯间, 同时也不影 响到逃生楼梯间里人们的通行。 隔烟防火帘宜为透明的防火材料制成。
在排烟通道一侧的逃生楼梯不设置窗口, 同时在热烟出口处设置一条竖 向的隔烟墙壁, 阻隔热烟向另一侧楼梯扩散, 防止排出室外的烟再次进入逃 生楼梯。 附图说明
图 1是逆烟楼梯的组成单元示意图;
图 2是逆烟楼梯的工作原理示意图;
图 3是逆烟楼梯的组成单元剖析图;
图 4是逆烟楼梯的工作原理示意图;
图 5是无前室的逆烟楼梯示意图;
图 6是有前室的逆烟楼梯示意图;
图 7是有前室的逆烟楼梯的热烟进口示意图; 图 8是有前室的逆烟楼梯(图 6)的平面图;
图 9是有前室的逆烟楼梯的样式图;
图 10是有前室的逆烟楼梯(逃生楼梯间无室外窗);
图 11是无前室的逆烟楼梯(排烟通道在中间);
图 12是由多个单元组成的完整的无前室的逆烟楼梯示意图;
图 13是无前室的逆烟楼梯(排烟通道在一侧);
图 14是图 2的不同角度图;
图 15是图 1的不同角度图;
图 16是完整的无前室的逆烟楼梯(排烟通道在中间)样式图;
图 17是完整的无前室的逆烟楼梯(排烟通道在一侧)样式图;
图 18设置竖向的隔烟壁墙的逆烟楼梯;
图 19是设置有电梯间的逆烟楼梯的平面图;
图 20是设置有一避难层和一逆烟楼梯的建筑物的平面图。
图中: 1是热烟出口、 2是排烟通道、 3是热烟进口、 4是防火隔烟帘、 5 是热烟路径、 6是楼层平面、 7是逆烟楼梯间、 8是逃生楼梯间、 9是冷风、 10是热烟、 11是顶层、 12是前室、 13是天台、 14是竖向的隔烟壁墙、 15是 墙或不透气的窗; 16是电梯间; 17是避难层。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图及具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
请参见图 1和图 15 , 图 1是本发明一具体实施例的逆烟楼梯的组成单元 示意图, 图 15是图 1的不同角度。 所述防烟楼梯设于建筑物内, 用于人员逃 生。 所述建筑物包括至少一楼屋平面, 而所述逆烟楼梯由多个防烟楼梯间相 互连接而成, 在每一所述楼层平面上设置一所述防烟楼梯间。 因此, 更具体 地说, 图 1是构成逆烟楼梯的一防烟楼梯间的组成单元示意图。 请继续参见 图 2和图 14, 图 2所示的是逆烟楼梯的工作原理示意图, 图 14是图 2的不 同角度, 如图 2可由两个图 1单元组合而成, 其中, 所述逆烟楼梯由两个相 互连接的所述防烟楼梯间形成。
如图 1和图 2所示的, 所述防烟楼梯间包括一逃生楼梯间 8和一逆烟楼 梯间 7。 在本实施例中, 所述逆烟楼梯间 7与逃生楼梯间 8相邻而设。 当然, 所述逆烟楼梯间 7也可以不与逃生楼梯间 8相邻, 而仅与所述逃生楼梯间 8 通过防火隔烟帘 4连接。 同时, 也可以有多个逆烟楼梯间与所述逃生楼梯间 8通过防火隔烟帘 4连接。
与现有技术不同的是,所述逃生楼梯间 8 不直接与所述楼层平面 6连接, 而是通过所述逆烟楼梯间 7与所述楼层平面 6连接。 也就是说, 所述逃生楼 梯间 8相对所述楼层平面 6是独立的, 人们必须通过所述逆烟楼梯间 7才能 进入所述逃生楼梯间 8。
所述逆烟楼梯间 8 包含一个向下的斜向通道, 该斜向通道向上连接所述 楼层平面 6 , 向下连接所述逃生楼梯间 8。 在本实施例中, 所述斜向通道是一 段斜向设置的楼梯, 所述斜向设置的楼梯的高差不小于 90cm。 当然, 所述斜 向通道也可以是斜坡。
在所述逆烟楼梯间 7联结所述楼层平面 6 处设置有一热烟进口 1, 在所 述逆烟楼梯间 7连接所述逃生楼梯间 8处设置有一防火隔烟帘 4。
所述热烟进口 3连接一排烟通道 2。 排烟通道 2设置于所述逃生楼梯间 由上一楼层通往再上一楼屋的初始向上梯段下方。 以使热烟出口 1 比热烟进 口 3 高一个梯段, 形成热烟上升通道。 这种设计不仅符合排除热烟的规律, 还可以有效的利用梯段下方的空间, 做到节约建筑面积的效果。
请参见图 2至图 4 , 其中, 箭头 9是冷风, 箭头 1 0是热烟, 箭头 5是热 烟路径。当利用所述逆烟楼梯所形成的反漏斗使热烟进入所述热烟进口 1后, 热烟沿着如图 2和 3的热烟路径 5流动并最终从所述热烟出口 3排出, 从而 使热烟不进入所述逃生楼梯间 8 , 达到防烟的效果。
在本实施例中, 利用逆烟楼梯间 7 连接楼层平面 6 与逃生楼梯间 8, 使 得楼层平面 6与逃生楼梯间 8不直接相连。 同时, 每一层的逆烟楼梯间 7 不 与其它层的逆烟楼梯间 7直接相联,从而隔绝了每一层的热烟 10进入逃生楼 梯间 8 , 热烟 10就不会通过逆烟楼梯间 7 向上一楼层排放, 也就可以将热烟 10的影响范围控制在受灾的楼层而不影响其它楼屋。
如图 5所示的, 在本实施例中所述逆烟楼梯间与所述楼层平面之间没有 防烟前室。
当然, 为了符合不同建筑物的结构需求, 可以对上述逆烟楼梯进行各种 改变。 以下简述一些其他可实施的实施例, 旨在说明而非限制。
在本发明另一实施例中, 如图 6至 9所示的, 在所述逆烟楼梯间 7与所 述楼层平面之间设置一平台或防烟前室, 用于更有效地防烟。
在本发明另一实施例中, 如图 10所示的, 所述逃生楼梯间 8无室外窗。 在本发明另一实施例中, 如图 11和 13所示的, 所述排烟通道 2可以设 置在中间 ( 图 11 ) 或设置在一侧 (图 13 )。
请参见图 12 , 图 12所示的是由多个防烟楼梯间组成的完整的无前室逆 烟楼梯。 其中, 11是顶层, 13是天台。
如图 16 所示的, 本发明另一实施例提供了一种完整的无前室的逆烟楼 梯, 其中所述排烟通道 2设置在中间。
如图 17 所示的, 本发明另一实施例提供了一种完整的无前室的逆烟楼 梯, 其中所述排烟通道 2设置在一侧。
如图 18所示的,本发明另一实施例提供了一种设置有竖向隔烟壁墙的逆 烟楼梯, 其中 14是所述隔烟壁墙, 15是墙或不透气的窗。
如图 19所示的, 在本发明另一实施例中, 逆烟楼梯间 7与所述逃生楼梯 间 8不相邻。 更具体来说, 所述防烟楼梯间还可以包括一电梯间 16 , 所述电 梯间 16分别与所述逆烟楼梯间 7和逃生楼梯间 8连接。 另外, 电梯间 16也 可与逆烟楼梯间 7单独组合, 而不需包含逃生楼梯间 8。
如图 20所示的, 在本发明另一实施例中, 建筑物内还可以设置有一避难 层 17。 所述避难层 17通过另一逆烟楼梯间 7与所述楼层平面连接, 并且, 所述避难层 17与所述逆烟楼梯相互不连接。
本发明的逆烟楼梯间利用热胀冷缩的原理, 即热烟密度低于冷空气而上 升, 不会向下走的自然规律, 留下向下的逃生通道供人员逃生, 阻断热烟由 楼层平面直接进入逃生空间的通道。
尽管为了说明的 的而描述了本发明的一较佳实施例, 本领域技术人员 将理解的是, 在不脱离如所附权利要求中公开的本发明的范围和精神下, 多 种修改、 添加或替换是可行的。 因此, 本发明中公开的实施例是旨在阐述本 发明的技术思路的范围, 本发明的范围不限于所述实施例。 本发明的范围应 在所附权利要求的基础上, 以一种所述技术思路包含在与属于本发明的权利 要求相当的范围内的方式进行解释。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种逆烟楼梯间, 其中, 所述逆烟楼梯间包含一个向下的逃生通道, 该逃 生通道向上连接楼层平面, 向下连接逃生楼梯间。
2. 一种排烟通道, 其中, 所述排烟通道设置于逃生楼梯间由上一楼居通往再 上一楼层的初始向上梯段下方。
3. 一种逆烟楼梯间, 用于连接一楼层平面和一逃生楼梯间, 其中, 在所述逆 烟楼梯间联结楼层平面处设置有一热烟进口, 在所述逆烟楼梯间连接逃生 楼梯间处设置有一防火隔烟帘。
4. 如权利要求 3所述的逆烟楼梯间, 其中, 所述热烟进口连接一排烟通道。
5. 如权利要求 4 所述的逆烟楼梯间, 其中, 所述排烟通道设置于所述逃生楼 梯间由上一楼层通往再上一楼层的初始向上梯段下方。
6. 如权利要求 3 所述的逆烟楼梯间, 其中, 所述逆烟楼梯间包含至少一段斜 向通道, 用于向上连接所述楼层平面、 向下连接所述逃生楼梯间。
7. 如权利要求 6所述的逆烟楼梯间, 其中, 所述斜向通道选自楼梯或斜坡。
8. 如权利要求 3所述的逆烟楼梯间, 其中, 所述逆烟楼梯间包含一垂直通道, 用于向上连接所述楼层平面、 向下连接所述逃生楼梯间。
9. 如权利要求 8所述的逆烟楼梯间, 其中, 所述垂直通道选自滑梯或滑杆。
10.如权利要求 3~9 中任一所述逆烟楼梯间, 其中, 在所述逆烟楼梯间与所述 楼层平面之间设置一平台或防烟前室。
11 .如权利要求 3~9 中任一所述逆烟楼梯间, 其中, 在所述逆烟楼梯间与所述 逃生楼梯间之间设置一緩冲平台。
12.—种逆烟楼梯, 设于建筑物内, 用于人员逃生, 其中,
所述建筑物包括至少一楼层平面; 所述逆烟楼梯由多个防烟楼梯间相互连 接而成; 在每一所述楼层平面上设置一所述防烟楼梯间; 其中,
所述防烟楼梯间包括一逃生楼梯间和至少一如权利要求 1 ~9 中任一所述的 逆烟楼梯间;
所述逃生楼梯间通过至少一所述逆烟楼梯间与所述楼层平面连接。
13.如权利要求 12所述的逆烟楼梯, 其中, 所述防烟楼梯间还可以包括一电梯 间, 所述电梯间分别与所述逆烟楼梯间和逃生楼梯间连接。
14.如权利要求 12 所述的逆烟楼梯, 其中, 所述建筑物内还设置有一避难层, 所述避难层通过至少另一逆烟楼梯间与所述楼层平面连接; 且, 所述避难 层与所述逆烟楼梯相互隔断。
—种逆烟楼梯间, 其中, 所述逆烟楼梯间包含一个向下的逃生通道, 该逃 生通道向上连接楼层平面, 向下连接电梯间或避难层或滑梯或滑杆。
PCT/CN2013/074123 2012-04-23 2013-04-12 逆烟楼梯 WO2013159651A1 (zh)

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