WO2013150163A1 - Head for suspending an anode plate for zinc electrolysis and handling means - Google Patents

Head for suspending an anode plate for zinc electrolysis and handling means Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013150163A1
WO2013150163A1 PCT/ES2012/070230 ES2012070230W WO2013150163A1 WO 2013150163 A1 WO2013150163 A1 WO 2013150163A1 ES 2012070230 W ES2012070230 W ES 2012070230W WO 2013150163 A1 WO2013150163 A1 WO 2013150163A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
anode
conductive bar
handling
suspension head
coating
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2012/070230
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yves Lefevre
Original Assignee
Zincobre Ingeniería, S.L.U
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zincobre Ingeniería, S.L.U filed Critical Zincobre Ingeniería, S.L.U
Priority to PCT/ES2012/070230 priority Critical patent/WO2013150163A1/en
Publication of WO2013150163A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013150163A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
    • C25C1/16—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of zinc, cadmium or mercury

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an anode suspension head for use in zinc electrolysis processes, as well as to handling means comprised by said suspension head.
  • the suspension head object of the present invention improves the distribution of current in the electrodes, reduces corrosion in the elements that comprise said suspension head, improves the attachment of the handling means to the conductive bar and solves certain problems detected in others. systems known in the state of the art.
  • the object of the invention is applicable in zinc electrolysis plants with anodes and cathodes immersed in zinc salt baths.
  • Zinc electrolysis plants are formed by electrolytic cells that consist of a series of anodes and cathodes immersed in a bath that contains a zinc salt. The application of external electrical current causes the deposition of metallic zinc on the cathode.
  • the anodes of a cell are electrically connected to the cathodes of an adjacent cell by means of an equipotential rod made of a material with good electrical conductivity characteristics (usually copper).
  • anodes and cathodes are alternately positioned one behind the other as closely as possible avoiding undesirable contacts between electrodes that would be the source of short circuits.
  • the equipotential bars have a structure with a groove profile designed to ensure proper contact between the electrodes and the equipotential rod itself and to avoid unwanted direct contact between anodes and cathodes.
  • the separation between electrodes is achieved by means of spacers or insulators specifically designed.
  • the anodes can be permanent (electrowinning processes) or can be consumed in the process itself (electrorefining processes).
  • both cathodes and anodes must be periodically removed from the plant for the recovery of the metal deposited on the cathode and / or cleaning or recovery of the anodes.
  • appropriate handling systems are usually used, which consist of large cranes with a fairly automated operation, hoists with hooks or slings, etc.
  • the anode In zinc electrowinning processes, the anode has a flat metal alloy configuration of a certain thickness attached to a suspension head.
  • the suspension head consists of a conductive bar of a conductive material (copper in most cases) on which means are provided that allow the transport and handling of the electrodes.
  • the anode suspension head does not have manipulation means, carrying out the tasks of transport and manipulation of electrodes by means of the conductive bar itself properly treated.
  • the assembly of the conductive bar and the handling means is generally subjected to a coating with a certain material in order to protect the conductive bar from the acid mist present in the electrolysis processes and ensure the circulation of electric current between the sheet and the conductive bar
  • the suspension head thus coated is attached to the anode sheet by means of welding procedures.
  • an example of an anode suspension head configuration for the case of zinc electrowinning processes is shown in Figure 1.
  • the flat blade of the anode is usually made of lead alloy and the conductive rod of the suspension head is made of copper.
  • a fairly common configuration of the suspension head manipulation means for this particular process is in the form of stainless steel parts consisting of two elements (Figure 2): a lower ring that adapts to the geometry of the bar conductive and a hook-shaped upper part that allows transport and manipulation of the anode by means of an automated crane or similar means of transport.
  • the lower ring of the handling means is welded to the hook-shaped upper part of the handling means and the assembly is positioned on the conductive bar coppermade. This set undergoes a coating to prevent corrosion and favor the distribution of current through the system.
  • the fixing of the handling means to the conductive bar is favored by a first layer of the material in which the coating will be made.
  • this form of fixing the manipulation means to the conductive bar is an important source of corrosion mainly in the welding points of the hook-shaped upper part of the manipulation means to the conductive bar assembly with the lower ring of the handling means. Corrosion damages the electrode structures directly affecting its useful life. Additionally, the use of these stainless steel handling means undesirably affects the distribution of the current between the conductive bar and the anode sheet. Stainless steel hooks have an approximate resistivity of 0.75 ⁇ mm 2 / m. The direct positioning of the lower ring of the handling means on the conductive bar implies the presence in the system of zones that impede the passage of current from the conductive bar to the electrode.
  • the current differentiation is quite important and undesirably affects the correct operation of the electrode.
  • the electrode resistivity is approximately 0.2 ⁇ mm 2 / m. In this case, the difference in resistivity between the steel hooks and the electrode sheet favors the circulation of the electric current through the middle zone of the conductive rod decreasing at the ends.
  • stainless steel handling means implies the need to provide electrode handling and transport systems with important insulation measures, to avoid unwanted electrical contacts. during these operations that affect both the safety and health of the plant workers and the integrity of the facilities.
  • the anode suspension head it is quite common for the anode suspension head to be provided with additional spacer elements whose purpose is to avoid direct contact both between adjacent anodes and cathodes in the same cell and between an anode / cathode and the cell wall .
  • These spacer or insulating elements are made of non-conductive material and have varied geometries.
  • US6483036 describes an electrode spacer for copper electrowinning that is placed in a hole made in the lower part of the anode blades. Examples of additional geometries of these spacer elements are described in US5762776, US4619751 and US3997421.
  • Document US7597786 describes a unique device for the transfer and isolation of electrodes consisting of an insulating part that acts as a spacer element and a part that allows the transfer of electrodes.
  • the insulating part is attached to the anode suspension bar by means of an anchor point.
  • This device is made of an insulating and chemically resistant material and could solve some of the problems of other devices known in the state of the art related to the use of stainless steel hooks.
  • this device requires a fixing point to the conductive bar. This point of fixation to the conductive bar would reduce the section of passage of the electric current, increasing the resistance and distorting the distribution of current in the electrode.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an anode suspension head for zinc electrolysis that improves the current distribution in the electrodes, reduces corrosion in the elements that comprise said suspension head, improves the grip of the handling means to the conductive bar and solves certain problems detected in other systems known in the state of the art.
  • the anode suspension head in zinc electrolysis processes object of the present invention comprises a conductive bar and handling means at each end of the conductive bar, said handling means being made of a composite material that ensures insulating characteristics and an appropriate chemical, thermal and mechanical resistance of the whole.
  • a composite material that ensures insulating characteristics and an appropriate chemical, thermal and mechanical resistance of the whole.
  • the conductive bar is characterized by having a coating on the entire surface except in the contact area of said conductive bar with the corresponding equipotential rod.
  • the function of this coating is to prevent corrosion on the conductive bar allowing the passage of current on the anode sheet.
  • the material of said coating must allow both functions and, in addition, must have the ability to be welded to the anode sheet.
  • the manipulation means of the anode suspension head object of the present invention have an upper zone with handling elements and a lower zone for coupling to the conductive bar.
  • the inner part of the lower zone of the manipulation means completely surrounds and conforms to the geometry of the coating of the conductive bar in the area of the bar that is not welded to the anode sheet, that is, that zone of the conductive bar closest to the equipotential rod.
  • the perimeter of the inner part of the lower zone of the handling means is complementary to the outer perimeter of the coating. That is, the fixing of the manipulation means of the anode suspension head to the coated busbar is carried out without the help of additional fasteners, by direct adjustment between the handling means and the busbar bushing.
  • the adjustment is achieved with a configuration such that the perimeter of the inner part of the lower part of the handling means is slightly smaller than the perimeter of the outer part of the bar covering conductive, also without requiring additional fasteners between both elements.
  • the configuration of the system object of the invention and the elimination of the fixing means to the suspension head implies important improvements over the known systems and the conventional manufacturing processes of the suspension heads, since some of the necessary steps are eliminated for fixing stainless steel hooks known in the state of the art. Additionally, it supposes important advantages in the maintenance operations of the plant since, in case of failure of a determined handling medium, only the replacement of the damaged handling medium would be necessary, without additional coating regeneration treatments being necessary as in the case of the systems known in the state of the art.
  • This configuration of the suspension head object of the invention also improves the safety of the plant in electrode handling operations, since the handling systems themselves act as insulating systems as they are made of a composite material of an insulating nature.
  • the manipulation means of the anode suspension head are provided with at least one reinforcing element that ensures that the handling means have the appropriate mechanical strength and rigidity for safe operation in the processes. of manipulation and transport of the electrodes by the electrode handling systems present in the electrolysis plant (cranes, hoists, etc.), transmitting the tensile forces in a vertical direction from the electrode handling systems to the head of anode suspension Additionally, these reinforcing elements can provide the manipulation means with a separation and isolation function between adjacent anodes and cathodes in a cell, avoiding their direct contact.
  • At least one reinforcing element of the handling means extends in a transverse direction with respect to the plane that forms the anode sheet.
  • manipulation means of the suspension head object of the present invention are positioned on the coating of the conductive bar by means of a direct contact zone between the lower zone of the manipulation means and the anode sheet. This form of positioning prevents the movement of the manipulation means towards the central axis of the anode in the handling operations (loading and unloading cycles) and transport by the electrode handling systems present in the electrolysis plant.
  • the positioning of the manipulation means of the suspension head object of the present invention on the coating of the conductive bar can be additionally carried out by means of several systems that are intended to prevent and / or limit its displacement towards the ends of the conductive bar. According to an embodiment of the invention, said additional positioning is achieved by at least one welding bead.
  • the manipulation means of the anode suspension head extend over the conductive bar at least partially in the area of the conductive bar that is welded to the anode sheet. Said extension would provide the means of rigidity manipulation or additional mechanical resistance and / or allow different positioning alternatives on the suspension head.
  • the lower zone of the manipulation means in the extension zone of the manipulation means on the conductive bar, has a lower groove with a width such that an appropriate adjustment is achieved with the anode sheet.
  • the manipulation elements of the upper zone of the manipulation means have a protrusion-shaped geometry that extends in a parallel direction with respect to the axis of the conductive bar.
  • the handling elements have a chamfer in its lower zone, closer to the conductive bar. Said chamfer facilitates the entry of the electrode handling systems of the electrolysis plant by increasing the clearance.
  • the present invention is further intended to provide means for manipulating anode conductive bars for zinc electrolysis that improve the current distribution in the electrodes, reduce corrosion in the elements that make up the suspension head, improve the attachment to the conductive bar and solve other problems of the handling means known in the state of the art.
  • the configuration and advantages of the manipulation means object of the present invention are those of the manipulation means of the anode suspension head object of the present invention and described above. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
  • Figure 1 represents a general view of an anode for electrowinning zinc (state of the art).
  • Figure 2 depicts a cross section of the suspension head of an anode for zinc electrowinning (state of the art) in the fixing area of the handling means.
  • Figure 3 represents a general view of an anode suspension head according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 represents a detail of manipulation means of the anode suspension head according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 represents the sectional view of manipulation means of the anode suspension head according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6 represents means for manipulating the anode suspension head according to the present invention with an extension zone on the conductive bar in the area of the anode sheet.
  • Figure 7 represents electrode handling systems positioned on means for manipulating the suspension head object of the present invention.
  • Electrode handling systems 14. Direct contact area
  • the object of the present invention is, as already mentioned, a suspension head (1) of anode sheet (2) for zinc electrolysis, said suspension head (1) resting on an equipotential rod.
  • Another object of the invention is the handling means that are part of said suspension head.
  • the suspension head (1) of anode sheets (2) comprises a conductive bar (3) and handling means (4) at the ends of the conductive bar (3).
  • the handling means (4) are made of an insulating composite material that has the necessary chemical, thermal and mechanical resistance in the system, that is, resistance against prolonged exposure to strong acids, continuous thermal resistance greater than 100 ° C and mechanical properties sufficient for metal replacement.
  • the conductive bar (3) has a coating (7) in its entire external surface except in the contact area (8) of the conductive bar (3) with the equipotential rod. The coating (7) is partially welded to the anode sheet (2).
  • the handling means (4) of the suspension head (1) of anode sheets (2) have an upper area with handling elements (9) and a lower zone (10) for coupling to the conductive bar (3) .
  • the inner part (1 1) of the lower zone (10) of the handling means (4) completely surrounds and adjusts to the geometry of the covering (7) of the conductive bar (3) in the area of the conductive bar (3) that is not welded to the anode sheet (2).
  • the adjustment of the handling means (4) on the coating is carried out by means of a configuration in which the perimeter of the inner part (1 1) of the lower zone (10) of the handling means (4) is complementary to the perimeter external coating (7).
  • said adjustment is made with tightening, being achieved with a system design such that the perimeter of the internal part (1 1) of the lower area (10) of the handling means (4) is less than the perimeter of the outer part of the covering (7) of the conductive bar (3).
  • the manipulation means (4) of the suspension head (1) of anode sheets (2) can be provided with at least one reinforcing element (12) which improves its rigidity and mechanical resistance, while acting as a possible separator and insulating element between cathodes and adjacent anodes in the same electrolytic cell.
  • These reinforcing elements (12) can have different geometries and extend in multiple directions.
  • Figures 4, 5 and 6 show reinforcement elements (12) that extend longitudinally in a direction parallel to the plane that forms the anode sheet (2), as well as reinforcement elements that extend in a direction parallel to the axis of the conductive bar (3) or with certain angles of inclination with respect to said conductive bar (3).
  • Said reinforcing elements (12) can be extended in a transverse direction with respect to the plane that forms the anode sheet (2).
  • the manipulation means (4) of the suspension head (1) can be positioned on the covering (7) of the conductive bar (3) by means of a direct contact zone (14) between the lower zone (10) of the means handling (4) and anode sheet (2).
  • the positioning of the manipulation means (4) of the suspension head (1) on the covering (7) of the conductive bar (3) can be improved by arranging at least one welding bead located in the area between the manipulation means (4) and the equipotential rod.
  • the handling means (4) of the suspension head (1) of anode sheets (2) object of the invention can only extend over the area of the conductive bar (3) that is not in contact with the anode sheet (2).
  • said handling means (4) may have an extension (16) on the conductive bar (3), at least partially in the area of the conductive bar (3) that is in contact with the anode sheet ( 2).
  • This configuration with extension (16) is the one shown in Figures 3 to 6, said extension being able to have varied geometries.
  • the manipulation elements (9) of the upper area of the manipulation means (4) can have a protrusion-shaped geometry (15) that extends in parallel direction with respect to the axis of the busbar (3).
  • the geometry of said protuberance (15) will in any case be adjusted to the particular geometry of the hook of the electrode handling systems (13) of the electrolysis plant, so as to ensure alignment between the handling elements (9) of the manipulation means (4) of the suspension head (1) and the hook of the electrode handling systems (9), preventing the electrode handling systems (9) from displacing the manipulation means from their position (4) of the suspension head (1) during handling and transport operations (see Figure 7).
  • the protuberance (15) of the handling elements (4) may have a chamfer (18) in its lower area, closer to the conductive bar (3).
  • the present invention aims to provide means for handling (4) conductive bars (3) of anode sheets (2) for electrolysis of zinc that improve the current distribution in the electrodes, reduce corrosion in the elements that make up the suspension head (1), improve the attachment to the conductive bar (3) and provide additional advantages over the means known in the state of the art.
  • These handling means (4) are located at the ends of a conductive bar (3) with coating (7) and are made of an insulating composite material and have the necessary chemical, thermal and mechanical resistance in the system, that is to say , resistance against prolonged exposure to strong acids, continuous thermal resistance greater than 100 ° C and mechanical properties sufficient for metal replacement.
  • the handling means (4) comprise an upper zone with handling elements (9) and a lower zone (10) for coupling to the conductive bar (3) which, in its inner part (1 1), surrounds in its entirety and is adjusts to the geometry of the coating (7) of the conductive bar (3) in the area of the conductive bar (3) that is not welded to the anode sheet (2).
  • the adjustment of the handling means (4) on the coating is carried out by means of a configuration in which the perimeter of the inner part (1 1) of the lower zone (10) of the handling means ( 4) is complementary to the outer perimeter of the covering (7) of the conductive bar (3).
  • said adjustment is achieved with a system design such that the perimeter of the inner part (1 1) of the lower zone (10) of the handling means (4) is less than the perimeter of the outer part of the coating (7) of the conductive bar (3).
  • the handling means (4) can be provided with at least one reinforcing element (12).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a head (1) for suspending an anode plate (2) in order to improve current distribution in the electrode and reduce the corrosion on the elements of said suspension head (1) during zinc electrolysis processes, which rests on an equipotential rod, said suspension head (1) being characterised by including a conductive rod (3) and a handling means (4) made of a composite material at the ends of the conductive rod (3), said conducive rod comprising (3) a coating (7) to prevent corrosion on the conductive rod (3) and to enable current to pass through the entire anode plate (2), said coating (7) being applied to the entire surface, except at the contact area (8) between the conductive rod (3) and the equipotential rod, said coating (7) being partially welded to the anode plate (2) and said handling means (4) including an upper area with handling elements (9) and a lower area (10) for coupling to the conductive rod (3) which, on the inner portion thereof (11), completely surrounds and matches the geometry of the coating (7) of the conductive rod (3) in the area of the rod that is not welded to the anode plate (2).

Description

Cabeza de suspensión de lámina de ánodos para electrólisis de zinc y medios de manipulación  Anode foil suspension head for zinc electrolysis and handling media
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a una cabeza de suspensión de ánodos para uso en procesos de electrólisis de zinc, así como a medios de manipulación comprendidos por dicha cabeza de suspensión. La cabeza de suspensión objeto de la presente invención mejora la distribución de corriente en los electrodos, reduce la corrosión en los elementos que componen dicha cabeza de suspensión, mejora la sujeción de los medios de manipulación a la barra conductora y soluciona ciertos problemas detectados en otros sistemas conocidos en el estado del arte.  The present invention relates to an anode suspension head for use in zinc electrolysis processes, as well as to handling means comprised by said suspension head. The suspension head object of the present invention improves the distribution of current in the electrodes, reduces corrosion in the elements that comprise said suspension head, improves the attachment of the handling means to the conductive bar and solves certain problems detected in others. systems known in the state of the art.
El objeto de la invención es de aplicación en plantas de electrólisis de zinc con ánodos y cátodos sumergidos en baños de sales de zinc. The object of the invention is applicable in zinc electrolysis plants with anodes and cathodes immersed in zinc salt baths.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Las plantas de electrólisis de zinc están formadas por celdas electrolíticas que constan de una serie de ánodos y cátodos sumergidos en un baño que contiene una sal de zinc. La aplicación de corriente eléctrica externa produce la deposición del zinc metálico sobre el cátodo.  Zinc electrolysis plants are formed by electrolytic cells that consist of a series of anodes and cathodes immersed in a bath that contains a zinc salt. The application of external electrical current causes the deposition of metallic zinc on the cathode.
Para conseguir la deposición se necesita generar un circuito de corriente eléctrica continua en el sistema. Con este fin, los ánodos de una celda se conectan eléctricamente a los cátodos de una celda adyacente por medio de una barra equipotencial fabricada en un material con buenas características de conductividad eléctrica (cobre habitualmente).  To achieve the deposition it is necessary to generate a DC circuit in the system. To this end, the anodes of a cell are electrically connected to the cathodes of an adjacent cell by means of an equipotential rod made of a material with good electrical conductivity characteristics (usually copper).
Dentro de una misma celda, ánodos y cátodos están posicionados alternativamente uno detrás de otro de la manera más próxima posible evitando contactos indeseables entre electrodos que serían fuente de cortocircuitos. En ciertos procesos electrolíticos, las barras equipotenciales presentan una estructura con un perfil de ranuras diseñado para asegurar un apropiado contacto entre los electrodos y la propia barra equipotencial y para evitar un contacto directo indeseado entre ánodos y cátodos. En otros casos, la separación entre electrodos se consigue mediante unos elementos espaciadores o aislantes diseñados específicamente. En los procesos electrolíticos, los ánodos pueden ser permanentes (procesos de electrowinning) o pueden consumirse en el propio proceso (procesos de electrorefining). En cualquier caso, tanto cátodos como ánodos deben ser retirados periódicamente de la planta para la recuperación del metal depositado sobre el cátodo y/o limpieza o recuperación de los ánodos. Para ello, suelen emplearse sistemas de manipulación apropiados que consisten en grandes grúas de funcionamiento bastante automatizado, polipastos con ganchos o eslingas, etc. Within the same cell, anodes and cathodes are alternately positioned one behind the other as closely as possible avoiding undesirable contacts between electrodes that would be the source of short circuits. In certain electrolytic processes, the equipotential bars have a structure with a groove profile designed to ensure proper contact between the electrodes and the equipotential rod itself and to avoid unwanted direct contact between anodes and cathodes. In other cases, the separation between electrodes is achieved by means of spacers or insulators specifically designed. In electrolytic processes, the anodes can be permanent (electrowinning processes) or can be consumed in the process itself (electrorefining processes). In any case, both cathodes and anodes must be periodically removed from the plant for the recovery of the metal deposited on the cathode and / or cleaning or recovery of the anodes. For this, appropriate handling systems are usually used, which consist of large cranes with a fairly automated operation, hoists with hooks or slings, etc.
En los procesos de electrowinning de zinc, el ánodo presenta una configuración de lámina plana de aleación metálica de un determinado espesor unida a una cabeza de suspensión. En términos generales, la cabeza de suspensión consta de una barra conductora de un material conductor (cobre en la mayoría de los casos) sobre la que se disponen medios que permiten el transporte y manipulación de los electrodos. Existen configuraciones alternativas menos frecuentes en las que la cabeza de suspensión de ánodos no dispone de medios de manipulación, realizándose las tareas de transporte y manipulación de electrodos por medio de la propia barra conductora convenientemente tratada. El conjunto de la barra conductora y los medios de manipulación se somete generalmente a un recubrimiento con un determinado material con el objeto de proteger la barra conductora de la niebla ácida presente en los procesos de electrólisis y asegurar la circulación de corriente eléctrica entre la lámina y la barra conductora. La cabeza de suspensión así recubierta se une a la lámina del ánodo por medio de procedimientos de soldadura.  In zinc electrowinning processes, the anode has a flat metal alloy configuration of a certain thickness attached to a suspension head. In general terms, the suspension head consists of a conductive bar of a conductive material (copper in most cases) on which means are provided that allow the transport and handling of the electrodes. There are less frequent alternative configurations in which the anode suspension head does not have manipulation means, carrying out the tasks of transport and manipulation of electrodes by means of the conductive bar itself properly treated. The assembly of the conductive bar and the handling means is generally subjected to a coating with a certain material in order to protect the conductive bar from the acid mist present in the electrolysis processes and ensure the circulation of electric current between the sheet and the conductive bar The suspension head thus coated is attached to the anode sheet by means of welding procedures.
En la Figura 1 se muestra un ejemplo de configuración de cabeza de suspensión de ánodos para el caso de procesos de electrowinning de zinc. En este caso, la lámina plana del ánodo suele estar fabricada en aleación de plomo y la barra conductora de la cabeza de suspensión está fabricada en cobre. Una configuración bastante habitual de los medios de manipulación de la cabeza de suspensión para este proceso en particular es en forma de unas piezas de acero inoxidable que constan de dos elementos (Figura 2): un anillo inferior que se adapta a la geometría de la barra conductora y una parte superior con forma de gancho que permite el transporte y la manipulación del ánodo por medio de una grúa automatizada o medios de transporte similares.  An example of an anode suspension head configuration for the case of zinc electrowinning processes is shown in Figure 1. In this case, the flat blade of the anode is usually made of lead alloy and the conductive rod of the suspension head is made of copper. A fairly common configuration of the suspension head manipulation means for this particular process is in the form of stainless steel parts consisting of two elements (Figure 2): a lower ring that adapts to the geometry of the bar conductive and a hook-shaped upper part that allows transport and manipulation of the anode by means of an automated crane or similar means of transport.
En el proceso de fabricación de la cabeza de suspensión de los ánodos de electrowinning de zinc, el anillo inferior de los medios de manipulación se suelda a la parte superior con forma de gancho de los medios de manipulación y el conjunto se posiciona sobre la barra conductora de cobre. Este conjunto se somete a un recubrimiento para evitar la corrosión y favorecer la distribución de corriente por el sistema. La fijación de los medios de manipulación a la barra conductora se favorece mediante una primera capa del material en que se realizará el recubrimiento. In the manufacturing process of the zinc electrowinning anode suspension head, the lower ring of the handling means is welded to the hook-shaped upper part of the handling means and the assembly is positioned on the conductive bar coppermade. This set undergoes a coating to prevent corrosion and favor the distribution of current through the system. The fixing of the handling means to the conductive bar is favored by a first layer of the material in which the coating will be made.
El procedimiento descrito para la fabricación de las cabezas de suspensión presenta inconvenientes relevantes en caso de fallo o necesidad de sustitución de los medios de manipulación. En este caso, sería necesario proceder a la retirada de los medios de manipulación dañados de la barra conductora, el tratamiento de la misma, y la repetición del proceso de fabricación desde prácticamente el principio (instalación del anillo inferior de los medios de manipulación, tratamiento térmico, soldadura de la parte superior de los medios de manipulación, recubrimiento, etc.). The procedure described for the manufacture of the suspension heads presents relevant drawbacks in case of failure or need for replacement of the handling means. In this case, it would be necessary to proceed with the removal of the damaged handling means from the conductive bar, the treatment of the same, and the repetition of the manufacturing process from practically the beginning (installation of the lower ring of the handling means, treatment thermal, welding of the upper part of the handling, coating, etc.).
Por otra parte, esta forma de fijación de los medios de manipulación a la barra conductora es una importante fuente de corrosión fundamentalmente en los puntos de soldadura de la parte superior con forma de gancho de los medios de manipulación al conjunto de la barra conductora con el anillo inferior de los medios de manipulación. La corrosión daña las estructuras de los electrodos afectando directamente a su vida útil. Adicionalmente, la utilización de estos medios de manipulación de acero inoxidable afecta de manera indeseable a la distribución de la corriente entre la barra conductora y la lámina del ánodo. Los ganchos de acero inoxidable presentan una resistividad aproximada de 0,75 Ω mm2/m. El posicionamiento directo del anillo inferior de los medios de manipulación sobre la barra conductora implica la presencia en el sistema de zonas que dificultan el paso de la corriente desde la barra conductora hasta el electrodo. En las zonas en las que existe un recubrimiento directo de la barra conductora con el material conductor casi no hay diferenciación de corriente entre la barra conductora y la lámina del ánodo; por el contrario, en las zonas de colocación de los elementos de manipulación de acero inoxidable, la diferenciación de corriente es bastante importante y afecta de manera indeseada al correcto funcionamiento del electrodo. En los procesos de electrowinning de zinc en los que el ánodo es de aleación de plomo, la resistividad del electrodo es aproximadamente de 0,2 Ω mm2/m. En este caso, la diferencia de resistividad entre los ganchos de acero y la lámina del electrodo favorece la circulación de la corriente eléctrica por la zona media de la barra conductora disminuyendo en los extremos. On the other hand, this form of fixing the manipulation means to the conductive bar is an important source of corrosion mainly in the welding points of the hook-shaped upper part of the manipulation means to the conductive bar assembly with the lower ring of the handling means. Corrosion damages the electrode structures directly affecting its useful life. Additionally, the use of these stainless steel handling means undesirably affects the distribution of the current between the conductive bar and the anode sheet. Stainless steel hooks have an approximate resistivity of 0.75 Ω mm 2 / m. The direct positioning of the lower ring of the handling means on the conductive bar implies the presence in the system of zones that impede the passage of current from the conductive bar to the electrode. In areas where there is a direct coating of the conductive bar with the conductive material there is almost no current differentiation between the conductive bar and the anode sheet; on the contrary, in the areas of placement of the stainless steel handling elements, the current differentiation is quite important and undesirably affects the correct operation of the electrode. In zinc electrowinning processes in which the anode is made of lead alloy, the electrode resistivity is approximately 0.2 Ω mm 2 / m. In this case, the difference in resistivity between the steel hooks and the electrode sheet favors the circulation of the electric current through the middle zone of the conductive rod decreasing at the ends.
Además, el empleo de medios de manipulación de acero inoxidable implica la necesidad de dotar a los sistemas de manipulación y transporte de electrodos de importantes medidas de aislamiento, para evitar contactos eléctricos indeseados durante estas operaciones que afecten tanto a la seguridad y salud de los trabajadores de la planta como a la integridad de las instalaciones. In addition, the use of stainless steel handling means implies the need to provide electrode handling and transport systems with important insulation measures, to avoid unwanted electrical contacts. during these operations that affect both the safety and health of the plant workers and the integrity of the facilities.
Por otro lado, es bastante frecuente que la cabeza de suspensión de ánodos se dote de elementos espaciadores adicionales cuya finalidad es evitar el contacto directo tanto entre los ánodos y cátodos adyacentes en una misma celda como entre un ánodo/cátodo y la pared de las celdas. Estos elementos espaciadores o aislantes están fabricados en material no conductor y presentan variadas geometrías. Por ejemplo, el documento US6483036 describe un espaciador de electrodos para electrowinning de cobre que se sitúa en un orificio practicado en la parte inferior de las láminas de los ánodos. Ejemplos de geometrías adicionales de estos elementos espaciadores se describen en los documentos US5762776, US4619751 y US3997421. En el documento US7597786 se describe un dispositivo único para la transferencia y aislamiento de electrodos que consta de una parte aislante que actúa como elemento espaciador y de una parte que permite la transferencia de electrodos. La parte aislante se une a la barra de suspensión del ánodo por medio de un punto de anclaje. Este dispositivo está fabricado en un material aislante y químicamente resistente y podría solucionar algunos de los problemas de otros dispositivos conocidos en el estado del arte relacionados con la utilización de los ganchos de acero inoxidable. Sin embargo, este dispositivo precisa de un punto de fijación a la barra conductora. Este punto de fijación a la barra conductora reduciría la sección de paso de la corriente eléctrica, incrementando la resistencia y distorsionando la distribución de corriente en el electrodo.  On the other hand, it is quite common for the anode suspension head to be provided with additional spacer elements whose purpose is to avoid direct contact both between adjacent anodes and cathodes in the same cell and between an anode / cathode and the cell wall . These spacer or insulating elements are made of non-conductive material and have varied geometries. For example, US6483036 describes an electrode spacer for copper electrowinning that is placed in a hole made in the lower part of the anode blades. Examples of additional geometries of these spacer elements are described in US5762776, US4619751 and US3997421. Document US7597786 describes a unique device for the transfer and isolation of electrodes consisting of an insulating part that acts as a spacer element and a part that allows the transfer of electrodes. The insulating part is attached to the anode suspension bar by means of an anchor point. This device is made of an insulating and chemically resistant material and could solve some of the problems of other devices known in the state of the art related to the use of stainless steel hooks. However, this device requires a fixing point to the conductive bar. This point of fixation to the conductive bar would reduce the section of passage of the electric current, increasing the resistance and distorting the distribution of current in the electrode.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
El objeto de la presente invención es proporcionar una cabeza de suspensión de ánodos para la electrólisis de zinc que mejora la distribución de corriente en los electrodos, reduce la corrosión en los elementos que componen dicha cabeza de suspensión, mejora la sujeción de los medios de manipulación a la barra conductora y soluciona ciertos problemas detectados en otros sistemas conocidos en el estado del arte. The object of the present invention is to provide an anode suspension head for zinc electrolysis that improves the current distribution in the electrodes, reduces corrosion in the elements that comprise said suspension head, improves the grip of the handling means to the conductive bar and solves certain problems detected in other systems known in the state of the art.
La cabeza de suspensión de ánodos en procesos de electrólisis de zinc objeto de la presente invención comprende una barra conductora y medios de manipulación en cada extremo de la barra conductora, estando dichos medios de manipulación fabricados en un material composite que asegure características aislantes y una apropiada resistencia química, térmica y mecánica del conjunto. Como ejemplos no limitantes de posibles materiales composite a utilizar se pueden mencionar el sulfuro de polifenileno reforzado con fibra de vidrio, el polietileno tereftalato reforzado con fibra de vidrio, el acetal homopolímero reforzado con fibra de vidrio o la poliamida reforzada con fibra de vidrio. The anode suspension head in zinc electrolysis processes object of the present invention comprises a conductive bar and handling means at each end of the conductive bar, said handling means being made of a composite material that ensures insulating characteristics and an appropriate chemical, thermal and mechanical resistance of the whole. As examples no Limitations of possible composite materials to be used may be mentioned glass fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide, glass fiber reinforced polyethylene terephthalate, glass fiber reinforced homopolymer acetal or glass fiber reinforced polyamide.
La barra conductora se caracteriza por disponer de un recubrimiento en la totalidad de la superficie excepto en la zona de contacto de dicha barra conductora con la barra equipotencial correspondiente. La función de este recubrimiento es evitar la corrosión sobre la barra conductora permitiendo el paso de corriente sobre la lámina del ánodo. El material de dicho recubrimiento debe permitir ambas funciones y, además, debe tener la capacidad de ser soldado a la lámina del ánodo. The conductive bar is characterized by having a coating on the entire surface except in the contact area of said conductive bar with the corresponding equipotential rod. The function of this coating is to prevent corrosion on the conductive bar allowing the passage of current on the anode sheet. The material of said coating must allow both functions and, in addition, must have the ability to be welded to the anode sheet.
La presencia de este recubrimiento en la totalidad de la superficie de la barra conductora implica una mejor distribución de corriente en el sistema, dado que se eliminan las diferencias de resistividad presentes entre los ganchos de acero inoxidable y la barra conductora de los sistemas conocidos en el estado del arte. El incremento de la uniformidad en la distribución de corriente favorece una mejor deposición del metal a obtener sobre el cátodo. Adicionalmente, se consigue reducir los problemas de corrosión que presentan los sistemas conocidos en el estado del arte en aquellas zonas en las que no existe dicho recubrimiento, alargando la vida útil del sistema.  The presence of this coating on the entire surface of the conductive bar implies a better current distribution in the system, since the differences in resistivity present between the stainless steel hooks and the conductive bar of the systems known in the system are eliminated. state of the art The increase of the uniformity in the current distribution favors a better deposition of the metal to be obtained on the cathode. Additionally, it is possible to reduce the corrosion problems presented by the systems known in the state of the art in those areas where said coating does not exist, extending the life of the system.
Los medios de manipulación de la cabeza de suspensión de ánodos objeto de la presente invención presentan una zona superior con elementos de manipulación y una zona inferior de acoplamiento a la barra conductora. La parte interna de la zona inferior de los medios de manipulación rodea en su totalidad y se ajusta a la geometría del recubrimiento de la barra conductora en la zona de la barra que no se encuentra soldada a la lámina del ánodo, es decir, aquella zona de la barra conductora más próxima a la barra equipotencial. Según una realización de la presente invención, el perímetro de la parte interna de la zona inferior de los medios de manipulación es complementario al perímetro externo del recubrimiento. Es decir, la fijación de los medios de manipulación de la cabeza de suspensión de ánodos a la barra conductora con recubrimiento se realiza sin la ayuda de elementos de fijación adicionales, por ajuste directo entre los medios de manipulación y el recubrimiento de la barra conductora. The manipulation means of the anode suspension head object of the present invention have an upper zone with handling elements and a lower zone for coupling to the conductive bar. The inner part of the lower zone of the manipulation means completely surrounds and conforms to the geometry of the coating of the conductive bar in the area of the bar that is not welded to the anode sheet, that is, that zone of the conductive bar closest to the equipotential rod. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the perimeter of the inner part of the lower zone of the handling means is complementary to the outer perimeter of the coating. That is, the fixing of the manipulation means of the anode suspension head to the coated busbar is carried out without the help of additional fasteners, by direct adjustment between the handling means and the busbar bushing.
Según otra realización de la invención, el ajuste se consigue con una configuración tal que el perímetro de la parte interna de la zona inferior de los medios de manipulación sea ligeramente inferior al perímetro de la parte externa del recubrimiento de la barra conductora, también sin requerir elementos de fijación adicionales entre ambos elementos. According to another embodiment of the invention, the adjustment is achieved with a configuration such that the perimeter of the inner part of the lower part of the handling means is slightly smaller than the perimeter of the outer part of the bar covering conductive, also without requiring additional fasteners between both elements.
La configuración del sistema objeto de la invención y la eliminación de los medios de fijación a la cabeza de suspensión supone importantes mejoras sobre los sistemas conocidos y sobre los procesos de fabricación convencionales de las cabezas de suspensión, dado que se eliminan algunas de las etapas necesarias para la fijación de los ganchos de acero inoxidable conocidos en el estado del arte. Adicionalmente, supone importantes ventajas en las operaciones de mantenimiento de la planta dado que, en caso de fallo de un medio de manipulación determinado, únicamente sería necesaria la sustitución del medio de manipulación dañado, sin necesitarse tratamientos adicionales de regeneración del recubrimiento como en el caso de los sistemas conocidos en el estado del arte.  The configuration of the system object of the invention and the elimination of the fixing means to the suspension head implies important improvements over the known systems and the conventional manufacturing processes of the suspension heads, since some of the necessary steps are eliminated for fixing stainless steel hooks known in the state of the art. Additionally, it supposes important advantages in the maintenance operations of the plant since, in case of failure of a determined handling medium, only the replacement of the damaged handling medium would be necessary, without additional coating regeneration treatments being necessary as in the case of the systems known in the state of the art.
Esta configuración de la cabeza de suspensión objeto de la invención permite mejorar igualmente la seguridad de la planta en las operaciones de manipulación de electrodos, dado que los propios sistemas de manipulación actúan como sistemas aislantes al estar fabricados en un material composite de naturaleza aislante.  This configuration of the suspension head object of the invention also improves the safety of the plant in electrode handling operations, since the handling systems themselves act as insulating systems as they are made of a composite material of an insulating nature.
En una realización de la invención, los medios de manipulación de la cabeza de suspensión de ánodos están dotados de al menos un elemento de refuerzo que permita asegurar que los medios de manipulación disponen de la resistencia mecánica y rigidez apropiadas para la operación segura en los procesos de manipulación y transporte de los electrodos por parte de los sistemas de manipulación de electrodos presentes en la planta de electrólisis (grúas, polipastos, etc.), transmitiendo las fuerzas de tracción en dirección vertical desde los sistemas de manipulación de electrodos a la cabeza de suspensión de ánodos. Adicionalmente, estos elementos de refuerzo pueden dotar a los medios de manipulación de una función de separación y aislamiento entre ánodos y cátodos adyacentes en una celda, evitando su contacto directo. In one embodiment of the invention, the manipulation means of the anode suspension head are provided with at least one reinforcing element that ensures that the handling means have the appropriate mechanical strength and rigidity for safe operation in the processes. of manipulation and transport of the electrodes by the electrode handling systems present in the electrolysis plant (cranes, hoists, etc.), transmitting the tensile forces in a vertical direction from the electrode handling systems to the head of anode suspension Additionally, these reinforcing elements can provide the manipulation means with a separation and isolation function between adjacent anodes and cathodes in a cell, avoiding their direct contact.
Según una realización preferente de la invención, al menos un elemento de refuerzo de los medios de manipulación se extiende en una dirección transversal con respecto al plano que conforma la lámina del ánodo.  According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one reinforcing element of the handling means extends in a transverse direction with respect to the plane that forms the anode sheet.
Adicionalmente, los medios de manipulación de la cabeza de suspensión objeto de la presente invención se posicionan sobre el recubrimiento de la barra conductora mediante una zona de contacto directo entre la zona inferior de los medios de manipulación y la lámina del ánodo. Esta forma de posicionamiento impide el desplazamiento de los medios de manipulación hacia el eje central del ánodo en las operaciones de manipulación (ciclos de carga y descarga) y transporte por parte de los sistemas de manipulación de electrodos presentes en la planta de electrólisis. Additionally, the manipulation means of the suspension head object of the present invention are positioned on the coating of the conductive bar by means of a direct contact zone between the lower zone of the manipulation means and the anode sheet. This form of positioning prevents the movement of the manipulation means towards the central axis of the anode in the handling operations (loading and unloading cycles) and transport by the electrode handling systems present in the electrolysis plant.
El posicionamiento de los medios de manipulación de la cabeza de suspensión objeto de la presente invención sobre el recubrimiento de la barra conductora puede realizarse adicionalmente mediante varios sistemas que pretenden evitar y/o limitar su desplazamiento hacia los extremos de la barra conductora. Según una realización de la invención, dicho posicionamiento adicional se consigue mediante al menos un cordón de soldadura. The positioning of the manipulation means of the suspension head object of the present invention on the coating of the conductive bar can be additionally carried out by means of several systems that are intended to prevent and / or limit its displacement towards the ends of the conductive bar. According to an embodiment of the invention, said additional positioning is achieved by at least one welding bead.
En otra realización de la invención, los medios de manipulación de la cabeza de suspensión de ánodos se prolongan sobre la barra conductora al menos parcialmente en la zona de la barra conductora que se encuentra soldada a la lámina del ánodo. Dicha prolongación dotaría a los medios de manipulación de rigidez o resistencia mecánica adicional y/o permitiría diferentes alternativas de posicionamiento sobre la cabeza de suspensión.  In another embodiment of the invention, the manipulation means of the anode suspension head extend over the conductive bar at least partially in the area of the conductive bar that is welded to the anode sheet. Said extension would provide the means of rigidity manipulation or additional mechanical resistance and / or allow different positioning alternatives on the suspension head.
Según otra realización de la invención, en la zona de prolongación de los medios de manipulación sobre la barra conductora, la zona inferior de los medios de manipulación presenta una acanaladura inferior con una anchura tal que se consiga un ajuste apropiado con la lámina del ánodo. According to another embodiment of the invention, in the extension zone of the manipulation means on the conductive bar, the lower zone of the manipulation means has a lower groove with a width such that an appropriate adjustment is achieved with the anode sheet.
Según una realización adicional de la invención, los elementos de manipulación de la zona superior de los medios de manipulación presentan una geometría en forma de protuberancia que se extiende en dirección paralela con respecto al eje de la barra conductora.  According to a further embodiment of the invention, the manipulation elements of the upper zone of the manipulation means have a protrusion-shaped geometry that extends in a parallel direction with respect to the axis of the conductive bar.
En una realización adicional de la invención, los elementos de manipulación disponen de un chaflán en su zona inferior, más próxima a la barra conductora. Dicho chaflán facilita la entrada de los sistemas de manipulación de electrodos de la planta de electrólisis aumentando la holgura de paso.  In a further embodiment of the invention, the handling elements have a chamfer in its lower zone, closer to the conductive bar. Said chamfer facilitates the entry of the electrode handling systems of the electrolysis plant by increasing the clearance.
La presente invención tiene adicionalmente por objeto proporcionar unos medios de manipulación de barras conductoras de ánodos para la electrólisis de zinc que mejoran la distribución de corriente en los electrodos, reducen la corrosión en los elementos que componen la cabeza de suspensión, mejoran la sujeción a la barra conductora y solucionan otros problemas de los medios de manipulación conocidos en el estado del arte. La configuración y las ventajas de los medios de manipulación objeto de la presente invención son las de los medios de manipulación de la cabeza de suspensión de ánodos objeto de la presente invención y descritos anteriormente. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS The present invention is further intended to provide means for manipulating anode conductive bars for zinc electrolysis that improve the current distribution in the electrodes, reduce corrosion in the elements that make up the suspension head, improve the attachment to the conductive bar and solve other problems of the handling means known in the state of the art. The configuration and advantages of the manipulation means object of the present invention are those of the manipulation means of the anode suspension head object of the present invention and described above. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
A continuación se pasa a describir una serie de dibujos que ayudan a comprender mejor la invención y que se relacionan expresamente con realizaciones de dicha invención que se presentan como ejemplo ilustrativo y no limitativo de ésta.  A series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to embodiments of said invention that are presented as illustrative and non-limiting example thereof are described below.
La Figura 1 representa una vista general de un ánodo para electrowinning de zinc (estado del arte). Figure 1 represents a general view of an anode for electrowinning zinc (state of the art).
La Figura 2 representa una sección transversal de la cabeza de suspensión de un ánodo para electrowinning de zinc (estado del arte) en la zona de fijación de los medios de manipulación.  Figure 2 depicts a cross section of the suspension head of an anode for zinc electrowinning (state of the art) in the fixing area of the handling means.
La Figura 3 representa una vista general de una cabeza de suspensión de ánodos según la presente invención. Figure 3 represents a general view of an anode suspension head according to the present invention.
La Figura 4 representa un detalle de unos medios de manipulación de la cabeza de suspensión de ánodos según la presente invención.  Figure 4 represents a detail of manipulation means of the anode suspension head according to the present invention.
La Figura 5 representa la vista de la sección de unos medios de manipulación de la cabeza de suspensión de ánodos según la presente invención.  Figure 5 represents the sectional view of manipulation means of the anode suspension head according to the present invention.
La Figura 6 representa unos medios de manipulación de la cabeza de suspensión de ánodos según la presente invención con una zona de prolongación sobre la barra conductora en la zona de la lámina del ánodo.  Figure 6 represents means for manipulating the anode suspension head according to the present invention with an extension zone on the conductive bar in the area of the anode sheet.
La Figura 7 representa unos sistemas de manipulación de electrodos posicionados sobre unos medios de manipulación de la cabeza de suspensión objeto de la presente invención.  Figure 7 represents electrode handling systems positioned on means for manipulating the suspension head object of the present invention.
En estas figuras se hace referencia a los siguientes elementos:  In these figures reference is made to the following elements:
1 . Cabeza de suspensión  one . Suspension head
2. Lámina de ánodo  2. Anode blade
3. Barra conductora  3. Conductive bar
4. Medios de manipulación  4. Means of handling
5. Anillo inferior  5. Bottom ring
6. Parte superior con forma de gancho  6. Hook-shaped top
7. Recubrimiento  7. Coating
8. Zona de contacto de la barra conductora con la barra equipotencial  8. Contact area of the busbar with the equipotential busbar
9. Elementos de manipulación  9. Elements of manipulation
10. Zona inferior de los medios de manipulación  10. Lower area of the handling means
1 1. Parte interna de la zona inferior de los medios de manipulación  1 1. Internal part of the lower area of the handling means
12. Elemento de refuerzo  12. Reinforcement element
13. Sistemas de manipulación de electrodos 14. Zona de contacto directo 13. Electrode handling systems 14. Direct contact area
15. Protuberancia  15. Boss
16. Zona de prolongación  16. Extension Zone
17. Acanaladura inferior  17. Bottom groove
18. Chaflán 18. Chamfer
FORMA PREFERENTE DE REALIZACION PREFERRED FORM OF EMBODIMENT
El objeto de la presente invención es, como ya se ha mencionado, una cabeza de suspensión (1 ) de lámina de ánodos (2) para la electrólisis de zinc, apoyándose dicha cabeza de suspensión (1 ) sobre una barra equipotencial. Otro objeto de la invención son los medios de manipulación que forman parte de dicha cabeza de suspensión. En las Figuras 3 y 4 se representan diferentes vistas de un ejemplo preferente de realización de una cabeza de suspensión según la presente invención. La cabeza de suspensión (1 ) de láminas de ánodo (2) comprende una barra conductora (3) y medios de manipulación (4) en los extremos de la barra conductora (3). Los medios de manipulación (4) están fabricados en un material composite aislante que disponga de la resistencia química, térmica y mecánica necesaria en el sistema, es decir, resistencia frente a la exposición prolongada a ácidos fuertes, resistencia térmica en continuo superior a 100°C y propiedades mecánicas suficientes para reemplazo de metales. La barra conductora (3) dispone de un recubrimiento (7) en la totalidad de su superficie externa excepto en la zona de contacto (8) de la barra conductora (3) con la barra equipotencial. El recubrimiento (7) se encuentra parcialmente soldado a la lámina de ánodo (2).  The object of the present invention is, as already mentioned, a suspension head (1) of anode sheet (2) for zinc electrolysis, said suspension head (1) resting on an equipotential rod. Another object of the invention is the handling means that are part of said suspension head. Different views of a preferred embodiment of a suspension head according to the present invention are shown in Figures 3 and 4. The suspension head (1) of anode sheets (2) comprises a conductive bar (3) and handling means (4) at the ends of the conductive bar (3). The handling means (4) are made of an insulating composite material that has the necessary chemical, thermal and mechanical resistance in the system, that is, resistance against prolonged exposure to strong acids, continuous thermal resistance greater than 100 ° C and mechanical properties sufficient for metal replacement. The conductive bar (3) has a coating (7) in its entire external surface except in the contact area (8) of the conductive bar (3) with the equipotential rod. The coating (7) is partially welded to the anode sheet (2).
Los medios de manipulación (4) de la cabeza de suspensión (1 ) de láminas de ánodo (2) disponen de una zona superior con elementos de manipulación (9) y una zona inferior (10) de acoplamiento a la barra conductora (3).  The handling means (4) of the suspension head (1) of anode sheets (2) have an upper area with handling elements (9) and a lower zone (10) for coupling to the conductive bar (3) .
Según se puede observar en la Figura 5, la parte interna (1 1 ) de la zona inferior (10) de los medios de manipulación (4) rodea en su totalidad y se ajusta a la geometría del recubrimiento (7) de la barra conductora (3) en la zona de la barra conductora (3) que no se encuentra soldada a la lámina de ánodo (2).  As can be seen in Figure 5, the inner part (1 1) of the lower zone (10) of the handling means (4) completely surrounds and adjusts to the geometry of the covering (7) of the conductive bar (3) in the area of the conductive bar (3) that is not welded to the anode sheet (2).
El ajuste de los medios de manipulación (4) sobre el recubrimiento se realiza mediante una configuración en la que el perímetro de la parte interna (1 1 ) de la zona inferior (10) de los medios de manipulación (4) es complementario al perímetro externo del recubrimiento (7). Preferentemente, dicho ajuste se realiza con apriete, consiguiéndose el mismo con un diseño del sistema de tal manera que el perímetro de la parte interna (1 1 ) de la zona inferior (10) de los medios de manipulación (4) sea inferior al perímetro de la parte externa del recubrimiento (7) de la barra conductora (3). The adjustment of the handling means (4) on the coating is carried out by means of a configuration in which the perimeter of the inner part (1 1) of the lower zone (10) of the handling means (4) is complementary to the perimeter external coating (7). Preferably, said adjustment is made with tightening, being achieved with a system design such that the perimeter of the internal part (1 1) of the lower area (10) of the handling means (4) is less than the perimeter of the outer part of the covering (7) of the conductive bar (3).
Como se puede observar en las Figuras 4, 5 y 6, los medios de manipulación (4) de la cabeza de suspensión (1 ) de láminas de ánodo (2) pueden estar dotados de al menos un elemento de refuerzo (12) que mejora su rigidez y resistencia mecánica, a la vez que actúa como posible separador y elemento aislante entre cátodos y ánodos adyacentes en una misma celda electrolítica. Estos elementos de refuerzo (12) pueden tener diversas geometrías y prolongarse en múltiples direcciones. En las Figuras 4, 5 y 6 se muestran elementos de refuerzo (12) que se prolongan longitudinalmente en una dirección paralela al plano que conforma la lámina de ánodos (2), así como elementos de refuerzo que se prolongan en dirección paralela al eje de la barra conductora (3) o con determinados ángulos de inclinación respecto a dicha barra conductora (3). Dichos elementos de refuerzo (12) se pueden extender en una dirección transversal con respecto al plano que conforma la lámina de ánodo (2). As can be seen in Figures 4, 5 and 6, the manipulation means (4) of the suspension head (1) of anode sheets (2) can be provided with at least one reinforcing element (12) which improves its rigidity and mechanical resistance, while acting as a possible separator and insulating element between cathodes and adjacent anodes in the same electrolytic cell. These reinforcing elements (12) can have different geometries and extend in multiple directions. Figures 4, 5 and 6 show reinforcement elements (12) that extend longitudinally in a direction parallel to the plane that forms the anode sheet (2), as well as reinforcement elements that extend in a direction parallel to the axis of the conductive bar (3) or with certain angles of inclination with respect to said conductive bar (3). Said reinforcing elements (12) can be extended in a transverse direction with respect to the plane that forms the anode sheet (2).
Los medios de manipulación (4) de la cabeza de suspensión (1 ) se pueden posicionar sobre el recubrimiento (7) de la barra conductora (3) mediante una zona de contacto directo (14) entre la zona inferior (10) de los medios de manipulación (4) y la lámina de ánodo (2). The manipulation means (4) of the suspension head (1) can be positioned on the covering (7) of the conductive bar (3) by means of a direct contact zone (14) between the lower zone (10) of the means handling (4) and anode sheet (2).
Adicionalmente, el posicionamiento de los medios de manipulación (4) de la cabeza de suspensión (1 ) sobre el recubrimiento (7) de la barra conductora (3) se puede mejorar mediante la disposición de al menos un cordón de soldadura situado en la zona comprendida entre los medios de manipulación (4) y la barra equipotencial.  Additionally, the positioning of the manipulation means (4) of the suspension head (1) on the covering (7) of the conductive bar (3) can be improved by arranging at least one welding bead located in the area between the manipulation means (4) and the equipotential rod.
Los medios de manipulación (4) de la cabeza de suspensión (1 ) de láminas de ánodo (2) objeto de la invención puede extenderse únicamente sobre la zona de la barra conductora (3) que no se encuentra en contacto con la lámina de ánodo (2). Sin embargo, dichos medios de manipulación (4) pueden disponer de una prolongación (16) sobre la barra conductora (3), al menos parcialmente en la zona de la barra conductora (3) que se encuentra en contacto con la lámina de ánodo (2). Esta configuración con prolongación (16) es la que se muestra en las Figuras 3 a 6, pudiendo dicha prolongación presentar variadas geometrías. The handling means (4) of the suspension head (1) of anode sheets (2) object of the invention can only extend over the area of the conductive bar (3) that is not in contact with the anode sheet (2). However, said handling means (4) may have an extension (16) on the conductive bar (3), at least partially in the area of the conductive bar (3) that is in contact with the anode sheet ( 2). This configuration with extension (16) is the one shown in Figures 3 to 6, said extension being able to have varied geometries.
Según se muestra en la Figura 6, en función de la geometría de la zona de prolongación (16), puede ser necesaria la existencia de una acanaladura inferior (17) con una anchura tal que se consiga un ajuste apropiado con la lámina de ánodo (2). Los elementos de manipulación (9) de la zona superior de los medios de manipulación (4) pueden presentar una geometría en forma de protuberancia (15) que se extiende en dirección paralela con respecto al eje de la barra conductora (3). La geometría de dicha protuberancia (15) se ajustará en todo caso a la geometría particular del gancho de los sistemas de manipulación de electrodos (13) de la planta de electrólisis, de manera que se asegure la alineación entre los elementos de manipulación (9) de los medios de manipulación (4) de la cabeza de suspensión (1 ) y el gancho de los sistemas de manipulación de electrodos (9), evitando que los sistemas de manipulación de electrodos (9) desplacen de su posición a los medios de manipulación (4) de la cabeza de suspensión (1 ) durante las operaciones de manipulación y transporte (ver Figura 7). La protuberancia (15) de los elementos de manipulación (4) puede disponer de un chaflán (18) en su zona inferior, más próxima a la barra conductora (3). As shown in Figure 6, depending on the geometry of the extension zone (16), it may be necessary to have a lower groove (17) with a width such that an appropriate fit is achieved with the anode sheet ( 2). The manipulation elements (9) of the upper area of the manipulation means (4) can have a protrusion-shaped geometry (15) that extends in parallel direction with respect to the axis of the busbar (3). The geometry of said protuberance (15) will in any case be adjusted to the particular geometry of the hook of the electrode handling systems (13) of the electrolysis plant, so as to ensure alignment between the handling elements (9) of the manipulation means (4) of the suspension head (1) and the hook of the electrode handling systems (9), preventing the electrode handling systems (9) from displacing the manipulation means from their position (4) of the suspension head (1) during handling and transport operations (see Figure 7). The protuberance (15) of the handling elements (4) may have a chamfer (18) in its lower area, closer to the conductive bar (3).
Por otra parte, la presente invención tiene por objeto proporcionar unos medios de manipulación (4) de barras conductoras (3) de láminas de ánodos (2) para electrólisis de zinc que mejoran la distribución de corriente en los electrodos, reducen la corrosión en los elementos que componen la cabeza de suspensión (1 ), mejoran la sujeción a la barra conductora (3) y suponen ventajas adicionales sobre los medios conocidos en el estado del arte. Estos medios de manipulación (4) se sitúan en los extremos de una barra conductora (3) con recubrimiento (7) y están fabricados en un material composite aislante y que disponga de la resistencia química, térmica y mecánica necesaria en el sistema, es decir, resistencia frente a la exposición prolongada a ácidos fuertes, resistencia térmica en continuo superior a 100°C y propiedades mecánicas suficientes para reemplazo de metales..  On the other hand, the present invention aims to provide means for handling (4) conductive bars (3) of anode sheets (2) for electrolysis of zinc that improve the current distribution in the electrodes, reduce corrosion in the elements that make up the suspension head (1), improve the attachment to the conductive bar (3) and provide additional advantages over the means known in the state of the art. These handling means (4) are located at the ends of a conductive bar (3) with coating (7) and are made of an insulating composite material and have the necessary chemical, thermal and mechanical resistance in the system, that is to say , resistance against prolonged exposure to strong acids, continuous thermal resistance greater than 100 ° C and mechanical properties sufficient for metal replacement.
Los medios de manipulación (4) comprenden una zona superior con elementos de manipulación (9) y una zona inferior (10) de acoplamiento a la barra conductora (3) que, en su parte interna (1 1 ) rodea en su totalidad y se ajusta a la geometría del recubrimiento (7) de la barra conductora (3) en la zona de la barra conductora (3) que no se encuentra soldada a la lámina de ánodo (2).  The handling means (4) comprise an upper zone with handling elements (9) and a lower zone (10) for coupling to the conductive bar (3) which, in its inner part (1 1), surrounds in its entirety and is adjusts to the geometry of the coating (7) of the conductive bar (3) in the area of the conductive bar (3) that is not welded to the anode sheet (2).
Como ya se ha mencionado, el ajuste de los medios de manipulación (4) sobre el recubrimiento se realiza mediante una configuración en la que el perímetro de la parte interna (1 1 ) de la zona inferior (10) de los medios de manipulación (4) es complementario al perímetro externo del recubrimiento (7) de la barra conductora (3). Preferiblemente, dicho ajuste se consigue con un diseño del sistema de tal manera que el perímetro de la parte interna (1 1 ) de la zona inferior (10) de los medios de manipulación (4) sea inferior al perímetro de la parte externa del recubrimiento (7) de la barra conductora (3). Asimismo, y tal y como se ha descrito anteriormente, los medios de manipulación (4) pueden estar dotados de al menos un elemento de refuerzo (12). As already mentioned, the adjustment of the handling means (4) on the coating is carried out by means of a configuration in which the perimeter of the inner part (1 1) of the lower zone (10) of the handling means ( 4) is complementary to the outer perimeter of the covering (7) of the conductive bar (3). Preferably, said adjustment is achieved with a system design such that the perimeter of the inner part (1 1) of the lower zone (10) of the handling means (4) is less than the perimeter of the outer part of the coating (7) of the conductive bar (3). Likewise, and as described above, the handling means (4) can be provided with at least one reinforcing element (12).

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Cabeza de suspensión de lámina de ánodo para mejorar la distribución de corriente en el electrodo y reducir la corrosión en los elementos de dicha cabeza de suspensión en procesos de electrólisis de zinc, del tipo que apoya sobre una barra equipotencial, estando dicha cabeza de suspensión caracterizada porque comprende:1. Anode sheet suspension head to improve the distribution of current in the electrode and reduce corrosion in the elements of said suspension head in zinc electrolysis processes, of the type that rests on an equipotential rod, said head being suspension characterized in that it comprises:
- una barra conductora con un recubrimiento en la totalidad de la superficie de dicha barra conductora que determina una parte externa del recubrimiento, excepto en la zona de contacto de la misma con la barra equipotencial, para evitar la corrosión sobre la barra conductora y permitir el paso de corriente en toda la lámina del ánodo, de manera que dicho recubrimiento está parcialmente soldado a la lámina del ánodo, y- a conductive bar with a coating on the entire surface of said conductive bar that determines an external part of the coating, except in the area of contact thereof with the equipotential rod, to prevent corrosion on the conductive bar and allow current flow throughout the anode sheet, so that said coating is partially welded to the anode sheet, and
- medios de manipulación fabricados en material composite situados en los extremos de la barra conductora, y comprendiendo una zona superior con elementos de manipulación y una zona inferior de acoplamiento a la barra conductora, presentando dicha zona inferior una parte interna que rodea en su totalidad y se ajusta a la geometría de la parte externa del recubrimiento de la barra conductora en la zona de la barra que no se encuentra soldada a la lámina del ánodo. - handling means made of composite material located at the ends of the conductive bar, and comprising an upper zone with handling elements and a lower zone for coupling to the conductive bar, said lower zone having an internal part that completely surrounds and It fits the geometry of the outer part of the coating of the conductive bar in the area of the bar that is not welded to the anode sheet.
2. Cabeza de suspensión de ánodos, según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizada porque la parte interna de la zona inferior de los medios de manipulación determina un perímetro que es complementario al perímetro determinado por la parte externa del recubrimiento de la barra conductora.  2. Anode suspension head according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner part of the lower zone of the handling means determines a perimeter that is complementary to the perimeter determined by the outer part of the conductive bar covering.
3. Cabeza de suspensión de ánodos, según la reivindicación 2, caracterizada porque el perímetro de la parte interna de la zona inferior de los medios de manipulación es inferior al perímetro de la parte externa del recubrimiento de la barra conductora.  3. Anode suspension head according to claim 2, characterized in that the perimeter of the inner part of the lower part of the handling means is less than the perimeter of the outer part of the coating of the conductive bar.
4. Cabeza de suspensión de ánodos, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, caracterizada porque los medios de manipulación disponen de al menos un elemento de refuerzo.  4. Anode suspension head according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the handling means have at least one reinforcing element.
5. Cabeza de suspensión de ánodos, según la reivindicación 4, caracterizada porque el al menos un elemento de refuerzo de los medios de manipulación se extiende en dirección transversal con respecto al plano que conforma la lámina del ánodo.  5. Anode suspension head according to claim 4, characterized in that the at least one reinforcing element of the handling means extends in a transverse direction with respect to the plane that forms the anode sheet.
6. Cabeza de suspensión de ánodos, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, caracterizada porque los medios de manipulación se posicionan sobre el recubrimiento de la barra conductora mediante una zona de contacto directo entre la zona inferior de los medios de manipulación y la lámina del ánodo. 6. Anode suspension head according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the manipulation means are positioned on the coating of the conductive bar by means of a direct contact area between the lower zone of the handling means and the anode sheet.
7. Cabeza de suspensión de ánodos, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, caracterizada porque los medios de manipulación se posicionan sobre el recubrimiento de la barra conductora mediante al menos un cordón de soldadura situado entre la barra equipotencial y los medios de manipulación.  7. Anode suspension head, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the manipulation means are positioned on the conductive bar covering by means of at least one welding bead located between the equipotential rod and the handling means.
8. Cabeza de suspensión de ánodos, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, caracterizada porque los medios de manipulación disponen de una prolongación sobre la barra conductora que se extiende parcialmente en la zona de la barra conductora que se encuentra en contacto con la lámina del ánodo.  8. Anode suspension head according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the manipulation means have an extension on the conductive bar that partially extends in the area of the conductive bar that is in contact with the anode sheet .
9. Cabeza de suspensión de ánodos, según la reivindicación 8, caracterizada porque la prolongación de los medios de manipulación sobre la barra conductora presenta una acanaladura inferior con una anchura suficiente para ajustar la lámina del ánodo en su interior.  9. Anode suspension head according to claim 8, characterized in that the extension of the manipulation means on the conductive bar has a lower groove with a width sufficient to adjust the anode sheet inside.
10. Cabeza de suspensión de ánodos, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, caracterizada porque los elementos de manipulación de la zona superior de los medios de manipulación presentan una geometría en forma de protuberancia que se extiende en dirección paralela con respecto al eje de la barra conductora. 10. Anode suspension head according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the manipulation elements of the upper area of the manipulation means have a protrusion-shaped geometry that extends in a parallel direction with respect to the axis of the bar conductive
1 1. Cabeza de suspensión de ánodos, según la reivindicación 10, caracterizada porque la protuberancia de los elementos de manipulación dispone de un chaflán en su zona inferior, más próxima a la barra conductora.  1 1. Anode suspension head according to claim 10, characterized in that the protuberance of the handling elements has a chamfer in its lower area, closer to the conductive bar.
12. Medios de manipulación de ánodos para mejorar la distribución de corriente en el electrodo y reducir la corrosión en cabezas de suspensión de láminas de ánodos para procesos de electrólisis de zinc que se sitúan en los extremos de una barra conductora con recubrimiento con una zona directamente soldada a una lámina del ánodo, caracterizados porque están fabricados en material composite y comprenden una zona superior con elementos de manipulación y una zona inferior de acoplamiento a la barra conductora que, en su parte interna, rodea en su totalidad y se ajusta a la geometría del recubrimiento de la barra conductora en la zona de la barra que no se encuentra directamente soldada a la lámina del ánodo.  12. Anode manipulation means to improve the distribution of current in the electrode and reduce corrosion in suspension heads of anode sheets for zinc electrolysis processes that are located at the ends of a conductive bar with a directly coated area welded to a sheet of the anode, characterized in that they are made of composite material and comprise an upper zone with manipulation elements and a lower zone of coupling to the conductive bar that, in its internal part, surrounds in its entirety and adjusts to the geometry of the coating of the conductive bar in the area of the bar that is not directly welded to the anode sheet.
13. Medios de manipulación de ánodos, según la reivindicación 12, caracterizados porque la parte interna de la zona inferior presenta un perímetro complementario al perímetro de la parte externa del recubrimiento de la barra conductora. 13. Anode manipulation means according to claim 12, characterized in that the inner part of the lower zone has a perimeter complementary to the perimeter of the outer part of the covering of the conductive bar.
14. Medios de manipulación de ánodos, según la reivindicación 12, caracterizados porque el perímetro de la parte interna de la zona inferior es ligeramente inferior al perímetro de la parte externa del recubrimiento de la barra conductora. 14. Anode manipulation means according to claim 12, characterized in that the perimeter of the inner part of the lower zone is slightly smaller than the perimeter of the outer part of the conductive bar covering.
15. Medios de manipulación de ánodos, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 12 a 14, caracterizados porque disponen de al menos un elemento de refuerzo.  15. Anode handling means according to any of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that they have at least one reinforcing element.
PCT/ES2012/070230 2012-04-03 2012-04-03 Head for suspending an anode plate for zinc electrolysis and handling means WO2013150163A1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

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WO2017144737A1 (en) * 2016-02-24 2017-08-31 Yves Lefevre Electrode head for an electrolysis installation

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US4186074A (en) * 1979-02-09 1980-01-29 Copper Refineries Pty. Limited Cathode for use in the electrolytic refining of copper
US4436606A (en) * 1981-02-19 1984-03-13 Metallurgie Hoboken-Overpelt Electrolysis apparatus
EP0256848A1 (en) * 1986-08-13 1988-02-24 Norsk Hydro A/S Improvements in and relating to the suspension of anode bars in the electrolytic production of aluminium
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017144737A1 (en) * 2016-02-24 2017-08-31 Yves Lefevre Electrode head for an electrolysis installation
EP3470550A4 (en) * 2016-02-24 2020-04-29 Yves Lefevre Electrode head for an electrolysis installation

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